RESUMO A restrição hídrica em regiões áridas e semiáridas e o alto custo de fertilizantes são fatores que motivam o estudo de aplicação de esgoto sanitário em cultivos agrícolas. Por isso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes doses de esgoto sanitário tratado, em nível terciário, e adubação mineral na produtividade e componentes de produção de feijoeiro-comum. Este estudo foi realizado em Janaúba-MG, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas cinco tratamentos referentes ao fornecimento de potássio demandado pelo feijoeiro (água limpa + 40 kg ha-1 de K2O mineral; 20; 40; 60 e 80 kg ha-1 de K2O via aplicação de esgoto sanitário tratado em nível terciário), e nas subparcelas as cultivares BRSMG Madrepérola e Ouro Negro, dispostos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Em relação à matéria seca das folhas, caule, parte aérea e suas relações, a cultivar Ouro Negro foi mais responsiva do que a cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola para as diferentes doses de esgoto sanitário tratado em nível terciário e adubação mineral. No entanto, para os feijoeiros, o aumento das doses de K2O via esgoto sanitário afetou negativamente a produtividade. A dose de 20 kg ha-1 de K2O via esgoto sanitário tratado em nível terciário é a melhor dose para os feijoeiros.

ABSTRACT The water deficit in arid and semiarid regions and the high cost of fertilizers are factors for the study of application of sewage on agricultural crops. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of different doses of treated sewage from the tertiary treatment (TS-3), and mineral fertilizer on the yield and production components of common bean plants. The experiment was conducted in Janaúba, MG, Brazil, using a randomized block design, with four repetitions, in a split-plot scheme, with five treatments in the plots consisting of potassium (K2O) applications at the dose required by common bean plants via clear water + 40 kg ha-1 of K2O mineral (Control), and TS-3 applications supplying 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1 of K2O, and two cultivars in the subplots, BRS-MG-Madreperola and Ouro Negro. The cultivar Ouro Negro was more responsive than the cultivar BRS-MG-Madreperola to the different TS-3 doses and mineral fertilizer regarding their leaf, stem, and shoot dry weights, and their ratios. However, the highest doses of K2O via TS-3 affected negatively the grain yield in common bean plants. The dose of 20 kg ha-1 of K2O via TS-3 is the best dose for common bean plants.

ABSTRACT Correct determinations of distribution (Ed) and application (EA) efficiencies allow adequate estimations of the gross irrigation depth. This study aimed: i) to determine the distribution efficiency using the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) in a sprinkler irrigation system under different weather conditions and working pressures; ii) to compare the mean, median, and cumulative CUC values; and iii) to evaluate the predictive capacity of four EA estimation models. CUC values were determined from 80 assessments, as well as the mean, median, and cumulative. The precipitated water depth accumulated in each collector was considered for the accumulated CUC. More uniform evaluations were used for EA (working pressure of 196 kPa), resulting in 20 samples. Besides being measured, EA was estimated by Keller & Bliesner, Playán, Tarjuelo, and Beskow methods. Statistical indicators were the root mean square error, mean bias error, Willmott agreement index, mean absolute error, and Pearson correlation coefficient. CUC values ranged from 66.51 to 92.04%, and the accumulated CUC provided an improvement over the isolated evaluations. The Beskow model had the best EA estimations in conventional spraying.

ABSTRACT We evaluate the application of treated sanitary wastewater (TSW) to provide potassium for crops and reduce demand for fresh water and mineral nutrients. The field experiment was arranged in randomized block design with four replications and five treatments: 50, 100, 150 and 200% of potassium requirements and a control with conventional fertilizer. The TSW was applied to maize (November 2012 to February 2013), cotton (June to November 2013) and bean (April to June 2014). After bean, soil chemical properties were evaluated until 0.8 m depth. Fertigation with TSW to potassium fertilization provided about 50% of water, nitrogen and phosphorus to the bean. The soil nutrient availability and soil organic matter did not increase, whereas sodium had linear increased with TSW levels in investigated soil depth. Soil pH showed same behavior that sodium, with the highest pH level of 6.5 in 0-0.2 m soil layer. Soil nutrients and organic matter did not increase with TSW doses up to 0.8 m depth. Soil pH and sodium had linear increasing with TSW doses, respectively up to 0.6 and 0.8 m soil depth. Fertigation with potassium recommendation also provided a high content of sodium, threatening the balance of soil-plant system with continuous use. The sodium should be the first reference to permanent wastewater reuse in agriculture.

RESUMO A utilização de água residuária proveniente do tratamento de esgoto, como fonte hídrica e nutricional para as plantas, é uma alternativa para racionalizar o aproveitamento do recurso natural na agricultura, observando-se sua influência sobre a dinâmica da matéria e da energia no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes doses de efluente da estação de tratamento de esgoto de Janaúba - MG, sobre os atributos físicos de um solo cultivado com banana ‘Prata-Anã’. A partir da coleta de amostras de solo, nas profundidades de 0-20; 20-40 e 40-60 cm, foram avaliados os seguintes atributos: densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, matéria orgânica, argila dispersa em água e a estabilidade de agregados do solo. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O aumento das doses de água residuária sanitária tratada no solo promove: a) Incremento nos sólidos suspensos aportados ao solo, o que contribui para a redução da macroporosidade nas profundidades de 20-40 e 40-60 cm do solo; b) Redução da matéria orgânica na profundidade de 0-20 cm do solo; c) Aumento do aporte de sódio, o que determina a dispersão de argilas na profundidade de 0-20 cm, e d) Redução da estabilidade de agregados do solo.

ABSTRACT The feasibility of using sewage wastewater as a water and nutrient source for plants is an alternative to harness agricultural natural resource, observing its influence on the organic matter dynamics and soil energy. Our objective here was to evaluate the effects of applying different doses of effluent from a sewage treatment plant, in Janaúba – MG, Brazil, over the physical attributes of a soil grown with “Prata Anã” banana. From soil sample collection at depths of 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm, we determined the following soil properties: soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, organic matter, clay dispersed in water and stability of soil aggregate. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four repetitions. Wastewater raising doses promoted increase in suspended solids, contributing to macroporosity reduction at 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths; as well as a reduction in organic matter within 0-20 cm layer. Clay dispersal was observed in the depths of 0-20 cm, being derived from an increase in sodium content. Concurrently, there was a reduction of soil aggregate stability.

Nas gramíneas forrageiras tropicais, a expressão da dormência associa-se a causas físicas e fisiológicas presentes em sementes recém-colhidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos de reguladores vegetais do grupo das giberelinas e citocininas na quebra da dormência de sementes de capim-andropogon. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial (2 x 4) + 2, constituídos pela combinação de dois reguladores vegetais (giberelina e citocinina) e quatro concentrações (75; 150; 225 e 300 mg.L-1 i.a.), mais duas testemunhas (com e sem embebição em água destilada), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento. As sementes foram imersas nas diferentes soluções por um período de 2-h. As variáveis analisadas foram: pureza física, teor de água, massa de mil sementes, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. A imersão das sementes de capim-andropogon em giberelina, na concentração de 225 mg L-¹, proporciona incrementos na germinação e no vigor. A citocinina, nas concentrações estudadas afeta negativamente a qualidade fisiológica das sementes.

In the tropical forage grasses, the expression of dormancy is associated with physical and physiological causes present in freshly harvested seeds. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of vegetal growth regulators in the group of gibberellins and cytokines in overcoming dormancy of seeds of grass-andropogon. The experimental delimitation was completely randomized in factorial design (2 x 4) + 2, made by the combination of two vegetal growth regulators (gibberellins and cytokines) and four concentrations (75; 150; 225 and 300 mg L-1 a.i.), two evidences (with and without soaking in distilled water), with four replications of 50 seeds per treatment. The seeds were immersed in the solution for a period of 2-h. The variables analyzed were: physical purity, water content, weight of thousand seeds, germination, first germination, abnormal seedlings, dormant seeds, seedling emergence and index of speed emergence. The immersion of seeds of grass-andropogon provides increment in gibberellins, at a concentration of 225 mg L-1, on germination and vigor. The cytokinin, the concentrations studied negatively affects seed quality.