ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess disordered eating, hunger and satiety perceptions in women with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to healthy controls (HC) and their association with biomarkers of brain plasticity (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B)). Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional exploratory study. The sample included FM (n = 20) and HC (n = 19), matched to age and waist perimeter. Dysfunctional eating was assessed through the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and Eating Disorders Examination with a questionnaire. Hunger and satiety levels were rated by a Numerical Scale. Serum leptin, S100B and BDNF were analyzed. Results: The MANCOVA analysis showed that the mean of Emotional Eating rates was 30.65% higher in FM compared to HC ( p = 0.015). Eating, shape and weight concerns were 77.77%, 57.14% and 52.22% higher in FM ( p = <0.001) compared to HC, respectively. Moreover, the FM group reported higher scores for feeling of hunger “[5.2 (±2.9) vs. 4.8 (±2.0); p = 0.042] and lower scores for satiety [7.0 (±1.7) vs . 8.3 (±1.0); p = 0.038]. In the FM group, serum BDNF was negatively associated with hunger (r = - 0.52; p = 0.02), while S100B was positively associated with hunger scores (r = 0.463; p = 0.004). Conclusion: The present findings support the hypothesis that the association between FM and obesity can be mediated by a hedonistic pathway. Further research is needed.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar pacientes internados com depressão e com transtorno de humor bipolar em episódio depressivo quanto aos níveis séricos de zinco. Métodos Foram incluídos 46 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos, internados em Unidade de Internação Psiquiátrica de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Depressão (Grupo D) e Grupo com Transtorno de Humor Bipolar em episódio depressivo (Grupo THB). A análise do zinco sérico foi realizada por meio de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Como valores de referência para normalidade, foram adotados níveis de zinco sérico acima de 59 µg/dL para mulheres e acima de 61 µg/dL para homens. Resultados Os níveis de zinco sérico estavam dentro do padrão de normalidade em 95,7% dos pacientes. A mediana de zinco no Grupo D foi de 88,5 µg/dL e de 81,5 µg/dL no Grupo THB, porém essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa. O Grupo THB apresentou valores maiores de índice de massa corporal (IMC), LDL colesterol e mais internações psiquiátricas prévias. Conclusão Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo mostram que os níveis de zinco sérico em pacientes em uso de antidepressivos e outras medicações psiquiátricas, internados por THB em episódio depressivo, quando comparados a pacientes com depressão, não diferiram e estavam dentro da faixa de normalidade. O uso dessas medicações pode ter influência nas concentrações séricas do mineral.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the serum zinc levels of patients with depression, with or without bipolar disorder, hospitalized in a psychiatric inpatient unit of a university hospital in southern Brazil. Methods Participated in the study 46 patients, aged 19 or over, both sexes, admitted to psychiatric inpatient unit of a university hospital in southern Brazil. The participants were divided in two groups: Group Depression (D group) and Group with Bipolar Disorder in depressive episode (THB Group). The analysis of serum zinc has been done through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Were adopted as reference values for normality serum zinc levels over 59 µg/dL for women and over 61 µg/dL for men. Results The serum zinc levels were normal in 95.7% of the patients. The average of zinc in D Group were 88.5 µg/dL and 81.5 µg/dL in THB Group, however this difference was not statistically significant. The THB Group showed higher values of IMC, LDL cholesterol and previous psychiatric hospitalizations. Conclusion The results of this study show that serum zinc levels in patients using antidepressants and other psychiatric medications, hospitalized for bipolar disorder in depressive episode, compared with patients with depression did not differ and were within the normal range. The use of these medications may affect serum concentrations of this mineral.

ABSTRACT Objective The present study aimed to validate homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in relation to the insulin tolerance test (ITT) in a model of insulin-resistance in Wistar rats induced by a 19-week high-fat diet. Materials and methods A total of 30 male Wistar rats weighing 200-300 g were allocated into a high-fat diet group (HFD) (55% fat-enriched chow, ad lib, n = 15) and a standard-diet group (CD) standard chow, ad lib, n = 15), for 19 weeks. ITT was determined at baseline and in the 19th week. HOMA-IR was determined between the 18-19th week in three different days and the mean was considered for analysis. Area under the curve (AUC-ITT) of the blood glucose excursion along 120 minutes after intra-peritoneal insulin injection was determined and correlated with the corresponding fasting values for HOMA-IR. Results AUC-ITT and HOMA-IR were significantly greater after 19th week in HFD compared to CD (p < 0.001 for both). AUC-OGTT was also higher in HFD rats (p = 0.003). HOMA-IR was strongly correlated (Pearson’s) with AUC-ITT r = 0.637; p < 0.0001. ROC curves of HOMA-IR and AUC-ITT showed similar sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion HOMA-IR is a valid measure to determine insulin-resistance in Wistar rats. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(2):138-42

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a resistência à insulina e os níveis de grelina e PYY em jejum em ratos Wistar. Materiais e métodos: Um total de 25 ratos Wistar machos, pesando 200-300 g, foi usado neste estudo. Os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas com um ciclo de luz escuro de 12/12h e alimentados com ração padrão e água ad libitum. Depois de um jejum de 12h, os valores de grelina, PYY, insulina e glicose foram determinados. A resistência à insulina foi avaliada pelo HOMA-IR que foi ordenado e a mediana utilizada como valor de corte para categorizar a resistência à insulina. Os valores de HOMA-IR iguais ou acima de 2,62 foram considerados resistentes à insulina (RI), enquanto valores abaixo de 2,62 foram considerados sensíveis (SI). As diferenças entre as médias foram determinadas usando-se o teste t de Student. A análise de regressões múltiplas e o teste de correlação de Pearson foram usados para se avaliar a associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: A mediana e a variação IQ do HOMA-IR para os grupos RI e SI foram, respectivamente, 1,56 (0,89 – 2,16) contra [4,06 (3,50 – 4,61); p < 0,001]. O grupo RI apresentou níveis aumentados de grelina, PYY e insulina em jejum, respectivamente, [50,35 (25,99 – 74,71) pg/mL contra 12,33 (8,77 – 15,89) pg/mL; p = 0,001]; [54,38 (37,50 – 71,26) pg/mL contra 33,17 (22,34 – 43,99) pg/mL; p = 0,016]; [18,04 (14,48 – 21,60) uU/mL contra 7,09 (4,83 – 9,35) uU/mL; p = 0.001]. A grelina, mas não PYY, se correlacionou de forma linear e positiva com o HOMA-IR: a grelina contra HOMA-IR (r = 0,52; p = 0,008), e PYY contra HOMA-IR (r = 0,22; p = 0,200). Essa correlação foi independente do peso corporal. Conclusão: Os níveis séricos de jejum de grelina e PYY estão aumentados em ratos Wistar magros relativamente resistentes à insulina, e esse aumento é independente do peso.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between insulin-resistance and fasting levels of ghrelin and PYY in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: A total of 25 male Wistar rats, weighing 200-300 g, was included in this study. The animals were maintained in cages with a 12/12h light-dark cycle and fed standard chow and water ad libitum. After 12-h overnight fasting, ghrelin, PYY, insulin and glucose values were determined. Insulin resistance was assessed by means of the HOMA-IR, which was ranked and the median was used as a cut-off value to categorize insulin-resistance. HOMA-IR values equal and above 2.62 were considered insulin-resistant (IR) while values below 2.62 were considered insulin sensitive (IS). Differences between means were determined using the Student t-test. Multiple regression and Pearson’s correlation test were used to evaluate the association between variables. Results: HOMA-IR median IQ range values for IS and IR groups were, respectively, 1.56 (0.89 – 2.16) vs. [4.06 (3.50 – 4.61); p < 0.001]. The IR group presented increased levels of fasting ghrelin, PYY and insulin respectively: [50.35 (25.99 – 74.71) pg/mL vs. 12.33 (8.77 – 15.89) pg/mL; p = 0.001]; [54.38 (37.50 – 71.26) pg/mL vs. 33.17 (22.34 – 43.99) pg/mL; p = 0.016]; [18.04 (14.48 – 21.60) uU/mL vs. 7.09 (4.83 – 9.35) uU/mL; p = 0.001]. Ghrelin, but not PYY, correlated linearly and positively with HOMA-IR: ghrelin vs. HOMA-IR (r = 0.52; p = 0.008), and PYY vs. HOMA-IR (r = 0.22; p = 0.200). This correlation was independent of body weight. Conclusion: Fasting ghrelin and PYY serum levels are increased in lean, relatively insulin resistant Wistar rats, and this increase is independent of weight.

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar o trabalho de turno com índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal, cronotipo e sintomas depressivos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Amostra de 14 trabalhadores de turno e 13 diurnos, com idade entre 25 e 60 anos. Transtornos psiquiátricos menores foram aferidos pelo Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), sintomas depressivos pelo inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e o cronotipo pelo Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). As medidas antropométricas foram mensuradas. RESULTADOS: Trabalhadores de turno apresentaram maior IMC (P = 0,03) e circunferência abdominal (P = 0,004) quando comparados aos diurnos. O tempo de trabalho de turno foi correlacionado à circunferência abdominal (r = 0,43; P = 0,03). Não houve correlação entre trabalho e sintomas depressivos e cronotipo. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados podem sugerir que o trabalho de turno desempenhe um papel no desenvolvimento e/ou nas precoces manifestações clínicas de distúrbios metabólicos, tornando-se um fator de risco para a síndrome metabólica.

OBJECTIVE: Correlate shift work with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, chronotype and depressive symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study comprising 14 shift workers and 13 day workers. Subjects were workers from the health area aged 25 to 60 years. Minor psychiatric disorders were accessed by Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and depressive symptoms by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Chronotype was accessed using Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Anthropometric measures were taken. RESULTS: Shift workers presented higher BMI (P = 0.03) and waist circumference (P = 0.004) than day workers. Years on shift work were significantly correlated to waist circumference (r = 0.43; P = 0.03) and age (r = 0.47; P = 0.02). Shift work was not correlated with depressive symptoms and chronotype. CONCLUSION: These results may suggest a role played by shift work on the development and/or the early clinic manifestations of metabolic disturbances, becoming a risk factor to metabolic syndrome.

Este artigo teve o propósito de estudar não só as relações de gênero no âmbito do sistema de trânsito, pesquisando como a mulher motorista e o homem motorista percebem e compreendem a si mesmo e ao outro sexo, bem como o de investigar as representações sociais existentes. Participaram da pesquisa 84 motoristas, com faixa etária de 18 a 60 anos de idade, sendo 42 do sexo feminino e 42 do sexo masculino. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através de contatos com homens e mulheres em universidades, locais de trabalho e em domicílio, na cidade do Recife, por meio de uma entrevista com duas perguntas e um questionário constituído por quatro questões abertas que, posteriormente, foram reunidas e organizadas segundo os dados obtidos. Inicialmente, foram levantadas e registradas todas as respostas obtidas para cada questão, sendo que cada uma constituiu uma temática de análise. A seguir, foi realizada uma nova leitura do material. Buscava-se aquilo que era essencial em cada resposta. Verificou-se a natureza das categorias emergentes e sua freqüência em cada tema. Cabe salientar que uma resposta possuía mais de uma categoria, por isso, o número de respostas não corresponde ao número de sujeitos. Concluímos que: (a) os papéis culturais influíram na percepção que o/a motorista possui de si mesma/o e a respeito da pessoa do outro sexo; (b) observou-se, também, diferença marcante de gênero na maneira como as pessoas encaram as relações no trânsito.

This article has the aim of studing the relations of gender in the ambit of the traffic system, searching as the woman driver and the man driver perceive and understand themselves and the other sex as well as his/her own to investigate the existing social representations. 84 drivers, from 18 to 60 years old, participated in the research, 42 female sex and 42 male. The collection of the data was carried through contacts with men and women in the university, workstations and the domicile in the city of Recife by means of an interview with two questions and a questionnaire with four open questions, that later congregated and organized the data. Initially, all the answers were raised and registered; each one constituted a topic of analysis. To follow, a new reading of the material was carried through. It was searched what was essential in each reply. It was verified the nature of the emergent categories and its frequency in each subject. It should be pointed out that each reply had more than a category, therefore the number of answers does not correspond to the number of citizens. We concluded that: (a) the cultural papers had influenced the perception's drivers about themselves and the person of the other sex; (b) difference of gender was also observed in the way people face the relations in the traffic.

Exemplares de Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880) foram coletados mensalmente de julho/2001 a junho/2002. No laboratório os camarões foram separados por sexo e mensurados. Fêmeas ovígeras foram separadas e seus ovos contados e mensurados. Foram capturados um total de 1162 indivíduos, dos quais 50% eram fêmeas, 47% machos e 3% juvenis. O período reprodutivo ocorreu durante a primavera-verão. Fêmeas ovígeras apresentaram comprimento total variando de 25,9 a 40,3 mm. A fecundidade média foi de 24,0 ± 9,0 ovos. A primeira maturação sexual ocorreu aos 25,9 mm de comprimento total. As dimensões médias dos ovos foram iguais a 1,56 e 2,08 mm para os eixos menor e maior, respectivamente, durante o estágio inicial de desenvolvimento embrionário e 1,70 e 2,46 mm, respectivamente, para os eixos menor e maior durante o estágio final de desenvolvimento.

Samples of Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880) were collected monthly from July/2001 to June/2002. At the laboratory, shrimps were separated by sex and measured. The ovigerous females were separated and theirs eggs measured and counted. A total of 1162 shrimps were collected, 50% was females, 47% was males and 3% juveniles. The reproductive period occurred during the spring-summer. The ovigerous female showed total length from 25.9 to 40.3 mm. The mean fecundity was 24,0 ± 9,0 eggs. The first sexual maturation occurred at 25.9 mm total length. The eggs showed means dimensions from 1.56 and 2.08 mm, respectively, for the short and the long axis during the initial stage of development and from 1.70 and 1.89 mm, respectively, for the short and long axis during the final stage of development.