Abstract In this study, videothermometry’s application in detecting mammary tumors in dogs is explored in-depth. The research hypothesizes that this technique can effectively identify cancerous tissues during surgery by analyzing thermal patterns. The methodology involved comparing thermal imaging results from dogs with palpable mammary nodules against a control group, focusing on capturing real-time thermal patterns. Results were significant, showing distinct thermal patterns in carcinomas. This indicates videothermometry’s capability in accurately identifying micro metastases and differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes. The study concludes that videothermometry has considerable potential in enhancing surgical precision, especially in tumor resection and safety margin definition, but emphasizes the need for further research to thoroughly understand the thermal signatures of various mammary tumors in dogs. videothermometrys s indepth. indepth depth. depth in-depth group realtime real time significant carcinomas nonneoplastic non changes precision definition

RESUMO Anomalias cromossômicas são responsáveis por inúmeras malformações congênitas no mundo, algumas delas associadas a deleções teloméricas/subteloméricas. As anomalias que envolvem o telômero do cromossomo 12 são raras, com poucos relatos na literatura sobre deleções relacionados à região 12q24.31 e, até onde sabemos, apenas quatro deles na região 12q24.31-q24.33. Relatamos um outro caso de deleção intersticial das bandas 12q24.31-q24.33 associada ao transtorno do espectro do autismo. Trata-se de um menino de 2 anos de idade com atraso global no desenvolvimento associado a múltiplas anomalias congênitas. A utilização do Human Genome CGH Microarray 60K confirmou o diagnóstico da síndrome de deleção 12q. Este estudo fez uma revisão da literatura atual, comparando nosso paciente com casos previamente relatados. Estas análises detalhadas contribuem para o desenvolvimento de correlações genótipo/fenótipo para deleções 12q, que ajudam aos melhores diagnóstico e prognóstico desta deleção.

ABSTRACT Chromosomal abnormalities are responsible for several congenital malformations in the world, some of these are associated to telomeric/subtelomeric deletions. The abnormalities involving the telomere of chromosome 12 are rare, with few reports of deletions involving 12q24.31 region in the literature, and, to our knowledge, only four of them in the 12q24.31-q24.33 region. We report a further case of interstitial deletion of bands 12q24.31-q24.33 associated with autism spectrum disorder. A 2-year-old boy with global developmental delay associated with multiple congenital anomalies. The Human Genome CGH Microarray 60K confirmed the diagnosis of 12q deletion syndrome. This study made a review of the current literature comparing our patient with previously reported cases. These detailed analyses contribute to the development of genotype/phenotype correlations for 12q deletions that will aid in better diagnosis and prognosis of this deletion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar se aspectos estruturais, uso prévio das tecnologias digitais e maneira de estudar de alunos de cursos presenciais interferem na motivação no uso dessas tecnologias em disciplinas on-line. Método: Estudo transversal quantitativo realizado com 713 estudantes universitários, entre maio e setembro de 2015. Foi aplicada a Escala de Avaliação de Fatores de Motivação com Relação à Integração das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação ao Ensino. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial dos dados. Resultados: A vontade de fazer um curso a distância interferiu em quatro dos cinco fatores da escala. Ter um espaço para estudos e a maneira que o aluno refere aprender melhor interferiram interferiu na motivação intrínseca (p=0,006 e p=0,017, respectivamente). Conclusão: Predisposição para fazer algum curso a distância, ter um espaço adequado para estudar e conciliar os estudos com o uso de outros sites foram elementos positivos para a motivação dos alunos em disciplinas on-line.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify if structural aspects, previous use of digital technologies, and ways of studying by classroom attendance students interfere with motivation in the use of these technologies in online courses. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out with 713 university students, from May to September 2015, with the use of an evaluation scale for motivational factors regarding the integration of information and communication technologies in education. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the data was carried out. Results: Desire to attend online courses interfered with four of the five scale factors. Having a space for studying and the way students reported learning better interfered with intrinsic motivation (p=0.006 and p=0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Predisposition to attend online courses, having an appropriate space to study, and reconciling studies with the use of other websites were positive elements for motivation of students in online courses.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar si los aspectos estructurales, el uso previo de las tecnologías digitales y la manera de estudiar de los estudiantes de los cursos presenciales interfieren en la motivación en el uso de estas tecnologías en las materias on-line. Método: Estudio transversal cuantitativo realizado con 713 estudiantes universitarios entre mayo y septiembre de 2015. Se aplicó la Escala de Evaluación de Factores de Motivación con relación a la Integración de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación a la Enseñanza. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial de los datos. Resultados: La voluntad del alumno de hacer un curso a distancia interfirió en cuatro de los cinco factores de la escala. Tener un espacio para estudios y la manera que el alumno se refiere a aprender mejor interfirió en la motivación intrínseca (p = 0,006 y p = 0,005 respectivamente). Conclusión: la disposición a hacer algo curso a distancia, tener un espacio adecuado para estudiar y conciliar los estudios con el uso de otros sitios fueron elementos positivos para la motivación de los estudiantes en las materias on-line.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify if structural aspects, previous use of digital technologies, and ways of studying by classroom attendance students interfere with motivation in the use of these technologies in online courses. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out with 713 university students, from May to September 2015, with the use of an evaluation scale for motivational factors regarding the integration of information and communication technologies in education. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the data was carried out. Results: Desire to attend online courses interfered with four of the five scale factors. Having a space for studying and the way students reported learning better interfered with intrinsic motivation (p=0.006 and p=0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Predisposition to attend online courses, having an appropriate space to study, and reconciling studies with the use of other websites were positive elements for motivation of students in online courses.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar si los aspectos estructurales, el uso previo de las tecnologías digitales y la manera de estudiar de los estudiantes de los cursos presenciales interfieren en la motivación en el uso de estas tecnologías en las materias on-line. Método: Estudio transversal cuantitativo realizado con 713 estudiantes universitarios entre mayo y septiembre de 2015. Se aplicó la Escala de Evaluación de Factores de Motivación con relación a la Integración de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación a la Enseñanza. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial de los datos. Resultados: La voluntad del alumno de hacer un curso a distancia interfirió en cuatro de los cinco factores de la escala. Tener un espacio para estudios y la manera que el alumno se refiere a aprender mejor interfirió en la motivación intrínseca (p = 0,006 y p = 0,005 respectivamente). Conclusión: la disposición a hacer algo curso a distancia, tener un espacio adecuado para estudiar y conciliar los estudios con el uso de otros sitios fueron elementos positivos para la motivación de los estudiantes en las materias on-line.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar se aspectos estruturais, uso prévio das tecnologias digitais e maneira de estudar de alunos de cursos presenciais interferem na motivação no uso dessas tecnologias em disciplinas on-line. Método: Estudo transversal quantitativo realizado com 713 estudantes universitários, entre maio e setembro de 2015. Foi aplicada a Escala de Avaliação de Fatores de Motivação com Relação à Integração das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação ao Ensino. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial dos dados. Resultados: A vontade de fazer um curso a distância interferiu em quatro dos cinco fatores da escala. Ter um espaço para estudos e a maneira que o aluno refere aprender melhor interferiram interferiu na motivação intrínseca (p=0,006 e p=0,017, respectivamente). Conclusão: Predisposição para fazer algum curso a distância, ter um espaço adequado para estudar e conciliar os estudos com o uso de outros sites foram elementos positivos para a motivação dos alunos em disciplinas on-line.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o efeito dos compostos ICI 182,780 (fulvestranto), um antagonista seletivo dos receptores de estrógeno alfa/beta (REα/REβ), e do G-1, um agonista seletivo de receptores de estrógeno acoplados a proteínas-G (GPER), na possível indução de autofagia em linhagens de câncer de mama MCF-7 e SKBr3, bem como o efeito de G-1 na viabilidade celular. Métodos A viabilidade celular de células MCF-7 e SKBr3 foi avaliada pelo ensaio com MTT. Para investigar a indução da autofagia, células MCF-7 foram transfectadas com GFP-LC3, um marcador de autofagossomos, e analisadas por microscopia de fluorescência em tempo real. As células MCF-7 e SKBr3 foram incubadas com o indicador de compartimentos ácidos laranja de acridina e analisadas por citometria de fluxo como indicativo para autofagia. Resultados Em células MCF-7, o ICI 182,780 e rapamicina após 48 horas levaram à diminuição da viabilidade celular, enquanto o G-1 não alterou a viabilidade no mesmo período de tratamento. Nem o ICI 182,780 e nem o G-1 induziram aumento na pontuação de GFP-LC3 em células MCF-7 até 4 horas. Já os ensaios de citometria de fluxo demonstraram que ICI 182,780 levou ao aumento de compartimentos ácidos em células MCF-7. O G-1 não aumentou estes parâmetros em ambas as linhagens. Por outro lado, ICI 182,780 e G-1 não induziram à redução da viabilidade em células SKBr3 e nem à formação de compartimentos ácidos, como etapa final do processo autofágico. Conclusão O aumento de compartimentos ácidos pelo ICI 182,780 em células de câncer de mama positivas para receptores de estrógeno parece estar associado com seu efeito inibidor de receptores de estrógeno, mas sem o envolvimento de GPER. A compreensão desses mecanismos pode direcionar estudos sobre o envolvimento dos receptores nos processos celulares de resistência do câncer de mama.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate if ICI 182,780 (fulvestrant), a selective estrogen receptor alpha/beta (ERα/ERβ) antagonist, and G-1, a selective G-protein-coupled receptor (GPER) agonist, can potentially induce autophagy in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and SKBr3, and how G-1 affects cell viability. Methods Cell viability in MCF-7 and SKBr3 cells was assessed by the MTT assay. To investigate the autophagy flux, MCF-7 cells were transfected with GFP-LC3, a marker of autophagosomes, and analyzed by real-time fluorescence microscopy. MCF-7 and SKBr3 cells were incubated with acridine orange for staining of acidic vesicular organelles and analyzed by flow cytometry as an indicator of autophagy. Results Regarding cell viability in MCF-7 cells, ICI 182,780 and rapamycin, after 48 hours, led to decreased cell proliferation whereas G-1 did not change viability over the same period. The data showed that neither ICI 182,780 nor G-1 led to increased GFP-LC3 puncta in MCF-7 cells over the 4-hour observation period. The cytometry assay showed that ICI 182,780 led to a higher number of acidic vesicular organelles in MCF-7 cells. G-1, in turn, did not have this effect in any of the cell lines. In contrast, ICI 182,780 and G-1 did not decrease cell viability of SKBr3 cells or induce formation of acidic vesicular organelles, which corresponds to the final step of the autophagy process in this cell line. Conclusion The effect of ICI 182,780 on increasing acidic vesicular organelles in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells appears to be associated with its inhibitory effect on estrogen receptors, and GPER does notseem to be involved. Understanding these mechanisms may guide further investigations of these receptors’ involvement in cellular processes of breast cancer resistance.

Resumo Ipomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulaceae), conhecida popularmente como “salsa-da-praia”, é usada na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias doenças, incluindo a hipertensão. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a atividade hipotensora atribuída a essa espécie e identificar os compostos bioativos responsáveis por esse efeito. O extrato hidroalcoólico das partes aéreas de Ipomoea pes-caprae (PIEA) foi fracionado por cromatografia em coluna com Amberlite XAD-2, obtendo-se uma fração metanólica (PIEA-M). A investigação do perfil químico de PIEA-M foi realizada por Cromatografia :íquida de Ultra-Eficiência acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CLUE-EM) e isolamento de compostos por Cromatografia Contracorrente de Alto Desempenho (CCCAD). Avaliações hemodinâmicas dos PIEA, PIEA-M e compostos isolados foram realizadas em ratos normotensos. A atividade locomotora de PIEA e PIEA-M foi realizada pelo teste de Rota Rod usando camundongos suíços. A análise CLUE-EM do PIEA-M levou à identificação de 11 substâncias correspondentes a sete ácidos fenólicos e quatro flavonoides. Por meio de CCCAD, a quercetina 6”-O-acetil-3-O-glicosídeo (1), uma mistura de quercetina-3-O-galactosídeo e quercetina-3-O-glicosídeo (2) e quercetina 3-O-glicosídeo (3) foram isolados. PIEA, PIEA-M e as substâncias obtidas (1 e 2) reduziram significativamente a pressão sanguínea. Além disso, o PIEA e o PIEA-M causaram um prejuízo significativo na atividade locomotora dos camundongos. Estes resultados indicam o potencial de Ipomoea pes-caprae como fonte de agentes hipotensores, sugerindo que os compostos fenólicos presentes na espécie são responsáveis por sua atividade hipotensora.

Abstract Ipomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulaceae), popularly known as “salsa-da-praia”, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including hypertension. The aim of this research was to evaluate hypotensive activity attributed to this species and identify the bioactive compounds responsible for this effect. Hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Ipomoea pes-caprae (PIEA) was fractionated by column chromatography with Amberlite XAD-2, thus achieving a methanolic fraction (PIEA-M). The chemical profile investigation of PIEA-M was conducted by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and compound isolation through High Performance Countercurrent Chromatography (HPCCC). Hemodynamic evaluations of PIEA, PIEA-M and isolated compounds were carried out on normotensive rats. The locomotor activity of PIEA and PIEA-M were performed by Rota Rod test using Swiss mice. UPLC-MS analysis of PIEA-M led to the identification of 11 compounds corresponding to seven phenolic acids and four flavonoids. By means of HPCCC, quercetin 6”-O-acetyl-3-O- glucoside (1), a mixture of quercetin-3-O-galactoside and quercetin-3-O- glucoside (2) and quercetin 3-O-glucoside (3) were isolated. PIEA, PIEA-M and the obtained compounds (1 and 2) significantly reduced blood pressure. Also, PIEA and PIEA-M caused significant impairment on mice locomotor activity. These results indicate the potential of Ipomoea pes-caprae as a source of hypotensive agents suggesting that phenolic compounds present in the species are responsible for its hypotensive activity.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate, in rats, the open field videothermometry in real time while performing left pneumonectomy for early diagnosis of cardiopulmonary changes. Methods: Twelve non-specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups; pneumectomy group (GP) and sham surgery group (GS). Mean arterial pressure, videothermometry in real time, of the right lung, and histopathological analysis of the remaining lung were evaluated in all animals. Results: Videothermometry in real time allowed identification of temperature variance of right lung after pneumectomy, indicating a significant decrease in temperature during evaluation. There was a statistical difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2 and M0 and M2 (p<0.004) in GS, and significant difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2, and M2 and M0 with p<0.0001 in GP. Conclusions: Left pneumonectomy in rats shows initial histopathological changes after 60 minutes of its completion, indicating a possible compensation beginning. The open-field videothermometry in real time proved to be efficient identifying the temperature changes of the remaining lung.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate whether the socioeconomic characteristics of health area students affect motivation in the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies. Method: an analytical study was carried out in 2015 with 713 undergraduate students of the health area. The Scale of Evaluation of Motivation Factors with regard to the Integration of Information and Communication Technologies into Teaching was applied in a teaching institution of the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Results: the Demotivation factor was significant among students with stable partners. Lower family income positively affected the External Control and Internal Control factors. The initial semesters of the courses presented higher means in external control, internal control, control by identification and intrinsic motivation. Conclusion: the knowledge of the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics and the motivation factors of students in distance education disciplines contributes to the planning of personalized and contextualized approaches in higher education.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar cuánto las características socioeconómicas de alumnos del área de la salud influyen en la motivación en el uso de las Tecnologías Digitales de la Información y Comunicación. Método: estudio analítico que se realizó en 2015 con 713 alumnos de enseñanza superior en área de salud. Se utilizó la Escala de Evaluación de Factores de Motivación con Relación a la Integración de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación a la Enseñanza en una institución de Enseñanza de la Región metropolitana de São Paulo. Resultados: hubo significancia para el factor Desmotivación entre estudiantes con pareja estable. Menor renta familiar influyó positivamente en los factores Control Externo y Control Interno. Los semestres iniciales de los cursos presentaron mayores promedios en el control externo, control interno, control por identificación y en la motivación intrínseca. Conclusión: el conocimiento acerca de las características socioeconómicas y los factores de motivación de estudiantes en asignaturas enteramente a distancia contribuye para el planeamiento de abordajes personalizados y contextualizadas en la enseñanza superior.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar se as características socioeconômicas de alunos da saúde interferem na motivação no uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação. Método: estudo analítico realizado em 2015 com 713 alunos de graduação da área de saúde. Foi aplicada a Escala de Avaliação de Fatores de Motivação com Relação à Integração das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação ao Ensino em uma instituição de Ensino da Região metropolitana de São Paulo. Resultados: houve significância para o fator Desmotivação entre estudantes com companheiro estável. Menor renda familiar interferiu positivamente nos fatores Controle Externo e Controle Interno. Os semestres iniciais dos cursos implicaram em maiores médias no controle externo, controle interno, controle por identificação e na motivação intrínseca. Conclusão: o conhecimento da relação entre as características socioeconômicas e os fatores de motivação de estudantes em disciplinas totalmente a distância contribui para o planejamento de abordagens personalizadas e contextualizadas no ensino superior.

Abstract Developing a less invasive, practical and cost-effective operative technique for obesity treatment represents a pressing need for our society. In this way, intragastric single port sleeve by endoplication was tested in six pigs during 18 weeks. Celiotomy was performed with animal placed in dorsal decubitus position. Single port gastrostomy was performed and double tobacco pouch sutures were made in fundic region, making a gastric sleeve. At the end, stomach layers and skin were closed in a conventional manner. Means and the standard deviations of surgical time were calculated. The procedure was simple and all animals survived; there were no significant blood loss and no intra and postoperative complications. The procedure was fast (67.4 minutes). The technique has the advantage of not requiring the use of mechanical sutures, making it less costly. The innovation of this procedure was the use of a single port gastrostomy device to perform an intraluminal sleeve. What made this technique less invasive were the use of a single port, nonmanipulation of the stomach intra-abdominally, ease of execution and no need of pneumoperitoneum. The new technique is acceptable and has reproducible viability, had a short procedure time without intra and postoperative complications.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the safety and clinical, hemodynamic and tissue improvement ability in mini pigs undergoing cell and gene therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Thirty-two mini pigs Br1 lineage, 12 months old, undergoing induction of acute myocardial infarction by occlusion of the diagonal branch of the paraconal coronary. They were divided into 4 groups: one control group and 3 treatment groups (cell therapy and gene cell therapy). Echocardiography reviews were performed on three occasions and histopathological analysis was performed after 4 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey and Wilcoxon tests, were performed. Results: Association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with angiopoietin1 (Ang1) presented satisfactory results in the improvement of ventricular function following ischemic cardiomyopathy in mini pigs when compared to the results of the other treated groups. Conclusion: The therapy with VEGF and the combination of VEGF with Ang1, promoted recovered function of the myocardium, characterized by reduced akinetic area and induction of neovascularization.

Abstract Purpose: To perform technically the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) using a unique Intragastric Single Port (IGSG) in animal swine model, evidencing an effective and safe procedure, optimizing the conventional technique. Methods: IGSG was performed in 4 minipigs, using a percutaneous intragastric single port located in the pre-pyloric region. The gastric stapling of the greater curvature started from the pre-pyloric region towards the angle of His by Endo GIA™ system and the specimen was removed through the single port. In the postoperative day 30, the animals were sacrificed and submitted to autopsy. Results: All procedures were performed without conversion, and all survived 30 days. The mean operative time was 42 min. During the perioperative period no complications were observed during invagination and stapling. No postoperative complications occurred. Post-mortem examination showed no leaks or infectious complications. Conclusion: Intragastric Single Port is a feasible procedure that may be a suitable alternative technique of sleeve gastrectomy for the treatment of morbid obesity.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence is continually increasing. Although anticancer therapy has improved significantly, it still has limited efficacy for tumor eradication and is highly toxic to healthy cells. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies to improve chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy are an important goal in cancer research. Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway for the intracellular recycling of macromolecules and clearance of damaged organelles and misfolded proteins to ensure cellular homeostasis. Dysfunctional autophagy contributes to many diseases, including cancer. Autophagy can suppress or promote tumors depending on the developmental stage and tumor type, and modulating autophagy for cancer treatment is an interesting therapeutic approach currently under intense investigation. Nutritional restriction is a promising protocol to modulate autophagy and enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapies while protecting normal cells. Here, the description and role of autophagy in tumorigenesis will be summarized. Moreover, the possibility of using fasting as an adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this approach, will be presented.

ABSTRACT Ischemia is responsible for many metabolic abnormalities in the heart, causing changes in organ function. One of modifications occurring in the ischemic cell is changing from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. This change causes the predominance of the use of carbohydrates as an energy substrate instead of lipids. In this case, the glycogen is essential to the maintenance of heart energy intake, being an important reserve to resist the stress caused by hypoxia, using glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation. In order to study the glucose anaerobic pathways utilization and understand the metabolic adaptations, New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to ischemia caused by Inflow occlusion technique. The animals were monitored during surgery by pH and lactate levels. Transcription analysis of the pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase enzymes were performed by qRT-PCR, and glycogen quantification was determined enzymatically. Pyruvate kinase transcription increased during ischemia, followed by glycogen consumption content. The gluconeogenesis increased in control and ischemia moments, suggesting a relationship between gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism. This result shows the significant contribution of these substrates in the organ energy supply and demonstrates the capacity of the heart to adapt the metabolism after this injury, sustaining the homeostasis during short-term myocardial ischemia.

ABSTRACT Transrectal access still has some unsolved issues such as spatial orientation, infection, access and site closure. This study presents a simple technique to perform transcolonic access with survival in a swine model series. A new technique for NOTES perirectal access to perform retroperitoneoscopy, peritoneoscopy, liver and lymphnode biopsies was performed in 6 pigs, using Totally NOTES technique. The specimens were extracted transanally. The flexible endoscope was inserted through a posterior transmural incision and the retrorectal space. Cultures of bacteria were documented for the retroperitoneal space and intra abdominal cavity after 14 days. Rectal site was closed using non-absorbable sutures. There was no bowel cleansing, nor preoperative fasting. The procedures were performed in 6 pigs through transcolonic natural orifice access using available endoscopic flexible instruments. All animals survived 14 days without complications, and cultures were negative. Histopathologic examination of the rectal closure site showed adequate healing of suture line and no micro abscesses. The results of feasibility and safety of experimental Transcolonic NOTES potentially brings new frontiers and future wider applications for minimally invasive surgery. The treatment of colorectal, abdominal and retroperitoneal diseases through a flexible Perirectal NOTES Access (PNA) is a promising new approach.