Abstract Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) production dominates the global microalgae market due to its high nutritional value. Spirulina can be cultivated in ponds with quality control due to the possible growth of cyanotoxins like Microcystis sp. that produce microcystins. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was used and validated with linearity, precision, reproducibility, and accuracy parameters that met the criteria for microcystin analysis. The regression curve gave the linear regression, the value of the coefficient of correlation (r) 0.99 showed a very strong correlation, and coefficient determination (R2) was 0.988 (R2 > 0.90). The precision analysis in repeatability (RSDanalysis < 2/3RSD Horwitz) and reproducibility (RSDanalysis < RSD Horwitz) showed an acceptable value with a significance value of 0.191 (p-value <0.05) that showed no significance difference. The accuracy from spiking analysis with a recovery percentage of 79.90±17.97% was still within the range of 40% to 120%, with a LOD value of 0.1 µg/kg. Analysis completed on spirulina powder showed that the spirulina product has a good quality with microcystin levels of 1.39 ± 0.16 µg/kg (dry basis), 719 times below the predetermined limit of 1000 µg/kg based on the Oregon Health Division Regulation for blue-green algae (BGA). Arthrospira platensis sp microcystins EnzymeLinked Enzyme Linked ELISA (ELISA linearity r (r 099 0 99 0.9 R2 R 0988 988 0.98 (R 0.90. 090 0.90 . 90 0.90) RSDanalysis 23RSD 2 3RSD Horwitz 0191 191 0.19 pvalue p <0.05 005 05 difference 79901797 79 17 97 79.90±17.97 40 120 120% 01 1 0. µgkg µg kg 139 39 1.3 016 16 dry basis, basis , basis) 71 100 bluegreen blue green BGA. BGA (BGA) 09 9 098 98 019 19 <0.0 00 7990179 7 79.90±17.9 4 12 13 3 1. 10 (BGA <0. 799017 79.90±17. <0 79901 79.90±17 7990 79.90±1 799 79.90± 79.90 79.9 79.

Abstract Glycemic status depicts a state of individual blood glucose level. Biochemical parameters to identify glycemic status associated with diabetes mellitus include fasting or non-fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance. Our present work conducted a systematic review aiming to systematically summarize the in vivo experimental results of nutmeg treatments towards the glycemic status of rats and mice. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, ProQuest, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar were used as databases for searching articles. Twenty-one articles that met the criteria were eventually used in this systematic review. The results of the in vivo studies revealed that the intervention of nutmeg samples in rats and mice had a positive effect. This finding was present in all reviewed articles. Overall, treatment by nutmeg samples was able to attenuate fasting blood glucose, non-fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c in rats and mice, reaching up to 94.52, 60.76, and 48.86%. We also found that nutmeg samples prepared from mace and methanol had the highest effect in reducing blood glucose. Based on this systematic review, it can be concluded that nutmeg has a positive effect on improving glycemic status and reducing the risk of DM in rats and mice. level nonfasting non HbAc HbA c tolerance guidelines PubMed ProQuest Library Twentyone Twenty one Overall 9452 94 52 94.52 6076 60 76 60.76 4886 48 86 48.86% 945 9 5 94.5 607 6 7 60.7 488 4 8 48.86 94. 60. 48.8 48.

Abstract This work aimed to understand and evaluate the impacts of postharvest procedures on physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds (CQAs and alkaloids) of green bean and roasted bean. Arabica green bean of kalosi Enrekang was obtained from different procedures: natural, honey and full-washed, and followed with medium roasting, powdered, and extracted using boiling water. A single-factor ANOVA and t-test was arranged to evaluate data, and OPLS-DA was applied to produce mapping. As the results, full washed processed green beans demonstrated a high lightness, while honey processed green beans showed a high chromaticity a*. Natural processed green beans contained a high CQAs, whereas honey processed green beans contained the highest quantity of alkaloids. In terms of caffeine, natural and honey processed green beans exhibited equal levels. In addition, honey roasted beans contained a high content of 3-CQA and 4-CQA, while full-washed processed roasted beans contained a high level of theobromine. The roasting process was reported to reduce the content of total CQAs and alkaloids.

Abstract Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) is traditionally believed as a food ingredient to increase the health of the reproductive. The specific bioactive compounds with antioxidant effect in this plant have not been reported before. The objective of this research was to identify the specific bioactive compounds as a source of functional food ingredients of Kebar grass (KG) which have antioxidant activity by using a metabolomic approach. Samples chemical profile (extract and fraction) used HPLC, followed by metabolomic analysis by OPLS. Chosen samples were isolated by TLC and then identified by UHPLC-MS/MS. Specific bioactive compounds were identified from chromatogram with putative identification by MZmine referring to online databases. The metabolomic result obtained ethyl acetate fraction (FEA) as the sample that most contributed to antioxidant activity. FEA identification result showed ten specific bioactive compounds that are thought to contribute to antioxidant agents. Two of the compounds were identified as caffeic acid and cassiaoccidentalin A, while the other eight compounds have not been identified. The finding of cassiaoccidentalin A in KG is a novel finding and can be used as a specific marker for petersianum species of Biophytum genus and as a source of functional food ingredients as antioxidant agents to improve reproductive health.