ABSTRACT Introduction Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are considered standard treatments for stage II seminoma patients; however, these therapies are associated with long-term toxicities. Recently, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has emerged as an alternative strategy, and the first three phase II trials were published in 2023 with promising results. The present study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate this surgery as an alternative treatment for stage IIA/B seminoma patients. Purpose Seminomas are the most common testicular tumors, often affecting young adult males. Standard treatments for stage II seminomas include chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but these therapies are associated with long-term toxicities. Thus, identifying alternative strategies is paramount. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to appraise the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for treating this condition. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies evaluating RPLND as a primary treatment for stage II A/B seminomas. Using a random-effects model, single proportion and means and pooled 2-year recurrence-free survival rates with hazard rates and 95% CI were calculated. Results Seven studies were included, comprising 331 males with stage II seminomas. In the pooled analysis, the recurrence rate was 17.69% (95% CI 12.31–24.75), and the 2-year RFS rate was 81% (95% CI 0.77–0.86). The complication rate was 9.16% (95% CI 6.16–13.42), the Clavien–Dindo > 2 complication rate was 8.83% (95% CI 5.76–13.31), and the retrograde ejaculation rate was 7.01% (95% CI 3.54–13.40). The median operative time was 174.68 min (95% CI 122.17–249.76 min), median blood loss was 105.91 mL (95% CI 46.89–239.22 mL), and patients with no evidence of lymph node involvement ranged from 0–16%. Conclusions Primary RPLNDs for treating stage IIA/B seminomas have favorable RFS rates, with low complication and recurrence rates. These findings provide evidence that this surgery is a viable alternative therapy for these patients. however longterm long term toxicities Recently strategy 202 results metaanalysis meta analysis IIAB IIA B tumors Thus paramount Herein (RPLND condition PubMed Embase AB A randomeffects random effects model 2year year recurrencefree free 95 calculated included 33 1769 17 69 17.69 (95 12.31–24.75, 12312475 12.31–24.75 , 12 31 24 75 12.31–24.75) 81 0.77–0.86. 077086 0.77–0.86 . 0 77 86 0.77–0.86) 916 9 16 9.16 6.16–13.42, 6161342 6.16–13.42 6 13 42 6.16–13.42) ClavienDindo Clavien Dindo 883 8 83 8.83 5.76–13.31, 5761331 5.76–13.31 5 76 5.76–13.31) 701 7 01 7.01 3.54–13.40. 3541340 3.54–13.40 3 54 40 3.54–13.40) 17468 174 68 174.6 1221724976 122 249 122.17–249.7 min, min) 10591 105 91 105.9 468923922 46 89 239 22 46.89–239.2 mL, mL) 016 0–16% 20 176 1 17.6 (9 1231247 12.31–24.7 07708 0.77–0.8 9.1 616134 6.16–13.4 4 88 8.8 576133 5.76–13.3 70 7.0 354134 3.54–13.4 1746 174. 122172497 122.17–249. 1059 10 105. 46892392 23 46.89–239. 0–16 17. ( 123124 12.31–24. 0770 0.77–0. 9. 61613 6.16–13. 8. 57613 5.76–13. 7. 35413 3.54–13. 12217249 122.17–249 4689239 46.89–239 0–1 12312 12.31–24 077 0.77–0 6161 6.16–13 5761 5.76–13 3541 3.54–13 1221724 122.17–24 468923 46.89–23 0– 1231 12.31–2 07 0.77– 616 6.16–1 576 5.76–1 354 3.54–1 122172 122.17–2 46892 46.89–2 123 12.31– 0.77 61 6.16– 57 5.76– 35 3.54– 12217 122.17– 4689 46.89– 12.31 0.7 6.16 5.76 3.54 1221 122.17 468 46.89 12.3 0. 6.1 5.7 3.5 122.1 46.8 12. 6. 5. 3. 122. 46.

Resumen Este artículo analiza la polarización ideológica de los diputados federales brasileños en el período 2005-2021. Utiliza como base empírica encuestas realizadas a parlamentarios durante el período (Brazilian Legislative Survey [BLS] y el proyecto Élites Latinoamericanas de la Universidad de Salamanca [PELA-USAL]). Se encuentra evidencia de que los parlamentarios brasileños se han vuelto más liberales en temas culturales y tienen posiciones a favor del mercado en temas económicos. Cuando se analizan las posiciones por partido y su ubicación en el eje izquierda/derecha, se observa una mayor diferenciación entre los partidos a medida que nos distanciamos de 2005. Sin embargo, esto no significa que estemos ante un sistema de partidos polarizado. Sería más exacto decir que tenemos partidos más diferenciados en un sistema no polarizado. 20052021. 20052021 2005 2021. 2021 2005-2021 Brazilian BLS [BLS PELAUSAL. PELAUSAL PELA USAL . [PELA-USAL]) económicos izquierdaderecha izquierda derecha izquierda/derecha embargo polarizado 2005202 200 202 2005-202 [PELA-USAL] 200520 20 2005-20 [PELA-USAL 20052 2 2005-2 2005-

Abstract The article examines the ideological polarization of Brazilian federal deputies from 2005 to 2021. It relies on empirical data from surveys conducted with lawmakers during this period (Brazilian Legislative Survey [BLS] and the Latin American Elites project of the University of Salamanca [PELA-USAL]). The findings indicate that Brazilian lawmakers have become more liberal on cultural issues and hold more pro-market positions on economic issues. When analyzing positions by party and their position on the left/right spectrum, evidence showed a greater differentiation among parties as we move further away from 2005. However, this does not necessarily imply a polarized party system. A more accurate characterization might be that we are dealing with a landscape of more differentiated parties within a non-polarized system. 200 2021 BLS [BLS PELAUSAL. PELAUSAL PELA USAL . [PELA-USAL]) promarket pro market leftright left right spectrum However system nonpolarized non 20 202 [PELA-USAL] 2 [PELA-USAL

Resumo O artigo analisa a polarização ideológica dos deputados federais brasileiros entre 2005-2021. Utiliza como base empírica surveys realizadas com parlamentares durante o período (Brazilian Legislative Survey [BLS] e o Latin American Elites project of the University of Salamanca [PELA-USAL]). São encontradas evidências que os parlamentares brasileiros se tornaram mais liberais em temas culturais e com posições em favor do mercado acerca das questões econômicas. Quando as posições são analisadas por partido e sua localização no eixo esquerda/direita, encontraram-se evidências de uma maior diferenciação entre os partidos à medida que nos afastamos de 2005. Porém, isso não significa que estejamos diante de um sistema partidário polarizado. O mais correto seria afirmar que estamos diante de um quadro de partidos mais diferenciados num sistema não polarizado. 20052021. 20052021 2005 2021. 2021 2005-2021 Brazilian BLS [BLS PELAUSAL. PELAUSAL PELA USAL . [PELA-USAL]) econômicas esquerdadireita esquerda direita esquerda/direita encontraramse encontraram Porém polarizado 2005202 200 202 2005-202 [PELA-USAL] 200520 20 2005-20 [PELA-USAL 20052 2 2005-2 2005-

Low-cost adsorbents promote the valorization of locally sourced waste materials and are still a significant challenge for removing toxic metal ions from industrial effluents. In this sense, Castor (Ricinus communis L.) stalks (CS) were activated with an alkaline solution and tested as an adsorbent to remove nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead ions. A 24-1 factorial design was carried out and showed a correlation and influence of the variables, such as pH, adsorbent mass, agitation rate, and initial concentration in the adsorption process. The adsorbents in their natural, activated, and saturated states were characterized. After activation, X-ray diffraction results revealed a change from cellulose I to cellulose II. The X-ray fluorescence showed that the ion exchange adsorption mechanism occurred. For the kinetic adsorption studies, the equilibrium time was reached up to 15 min. Different isotherm models described the adsorption process, with the Sips model providing the best fit to the experimental data. Five cycles of sorption/desorption using 0.1 mol L-1 HCl elution were carried out with a minimal loss in sorption capacity and physical degradation. Nickel and copper ions exhibited the lowest desorption rates. Due to their efficiency, CS can be a promising and low-cost alternative for removing metal ions. Lowcost Low cost effluents sense Ricinus L. L (CS nickel cadmium 241 24 1 24- variables pH mass rate process natural characterized activation Xray X ray II occurred studies min data sorptiondesorption 01 0 0. L1 L- degradation rates efficiency lowcost low 2

Which types of issues are more susceptible to persuasion or polarization through cues provided by political elites? The central hypothesis to be tested in this article proposes that political issues with high identity value and distinctiveness favor discernment, thus becoming less susceptible to persuasion and polarization by political elites (H1). The data used in this study were extracted from an experimental database with a probabilistic sample of the American electorate. To investigate H1, we analyzed the relationship between the polarizing cues effects found in the treatments and the difference in average support for ten political issues between Republicans and Democrats. The hypothesis was confirmed by the results, both in relation to the cues provided by the Republican Party and by Donald Trump. The findings strengthen the idea of a democratic system that truly represents the values of the electorate and clearly demonstrate a limit on the impact of political leaders on public opinion preferences. However, this persuasion or polarization can still be problematic, even when focused on secondary issues, that may be of extreme relevance.

Quais tipos de questões são mais suscetíveis à persuasão ou polarização por meio de heurísticas fornecidas por elites partidárias? A hipótese central a ser testada neste artigo propõe que questões políticas com alto valor identitário e distintivo favorecem o discernimento, tornando-se, assim, menos suscetíveis à persuasão e polarização por elites políticas (H1). Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram extraídos de um banco de dados experimentais com uma amostra probabilística do eleitorado norte-americano. Para investigar H1, analisamos a relação entre os efeitos das heurísticas polarizantes encontradas nos tratamentos e a diferença nas médias de apoio a dez questões políticas entre republicanos e democratas. A hipótese foi confirmada pelos resultados, tanto em relação à heurística fornecida pelo partido republicano quanto pela fornecida por Donald Trump. Os achados fortalecem a ideia de um sistema democrático que, de fato, representa os valores do eleitorado e evidenciam claramente um limite no impacto das lideranças políticas sobre as preferências dos eleitores. No entanto, essa persuasão ou polarização ainda pode ser problemática mesmo centradas em questões laterais, que podem ser de extrema relevância.

Resumo O artigo pretende identificar quem são os “Médicos pela Vida” (MPV), suas informações acadêmicas e profissionais, quais as premissas utilizadas para a defesa do “tratamento precoce” e da negação das vacinas contra COVID-19 e qual a representatividade de seus discursos no contexto da prática médica no Brasil. A análise baseia-se na lista de 276 profissionais médicos catalogados no site dos MPV e em informações acadêmicas e profissionais coletadas nos sites do Conselho Federal de Medicina e da Plataforma Lattes, do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. A análise do conteúdo aponta para a centralidade das especialidades da Homeopatia e Acupuntura na população de MPV quando comparada ao conjunto dos especialistas do Brasil. A adesão significativa de homeopatas e acupunturistas ao movimento dos MPV pode iluminar a compreensão sobre racionalidades médicas específicas, permitindo distinguir quais categorias e ideias acerca dos processos de saúde e doença estão em disputa. Conclui-se que, para além de descrever a problemática, é preciso estabelecer suas correlações com um conjunto de acontecimentos, práticas, decisões políticas, encadeamentos econômicos, compartilhamento de crenças e uma corrente de processos que configuram seu caráter inegavelmente social.

Abstract The article aims to identify who the “Doctors for Life” are, their academic and professional information, which assumptions have been mobilized for the defense of “early treatment” and the denial of vaccines for COVID-19, and the representativeness of their discourses in the medical practice context in Brazil. The analysis is based on a list of 276 doctors’ names, cataloged from their website, and on academic and professional information obtained through research on the Federal Medical Conseil website and the Scientific and Technological Development Nacional Council platform. The content analysis points to the centrality of the medical specialties of homeopathy and acupuncture in the population of Doctors for Life when compared to the set of specialist doctors in Brazil. The significant accession of homeopaths and acupuncturists to the Doctors for Life movement can clarify the understanding of specific medical rationalities, allowing us to distinguish which categories and ideas about the health-disease process are in dispute. It is concluded that, more than describing the problem, it is needed to establish its correlations with a group of events, practices, political decisions, economic linkages, shared beliefs, and a chain of processes that configure its undeniably social characteristics.

Resumo O artigo pretende identificar quem são os “Médicos pela Vida” (MPV), suas informações acadêmicas e profissionais, quais as premissas utilizadas para a defesa do “tratamento precoce” e da negação das vacinas contra COVID-19 e qual a representatividade de seus discursos no contexto da prática médica no Brasil. A análise baseia-se na lista de 276 profissionais médicos catalogados no site dos MPV e em informações acadêmicas e profissionais coletadas nos sites do Conselho Federal de Medicina e da Plataforma Lattes, do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. A análise do conteúdo aponta para a centralidade das especialidades da Homeopatia e Acupuntura na população de MPV quando comparada ao conjunto dos especialistas do Brasil. A adesão significativa de homeopatas e acupunturistas ao movimento dos MPV pode iluminar a compreensão sobre racionalidades médicas específicas, permitindo distinguir quais categorias e ideias acerca dos processos de saúde e doença estão em disputa. Conclui-se que, para além de descrever a problemática, é preciso estabelecer suas correlações com um conjunto de acontecimentos, práticas, decisões políticas, encadeamentos econômicos, compartilhamento de crenças e uma corrente de processos que configuram seu caráter inegavelmente social.

Abstract The article aims to identify who the “Doctors for Life” are, their academic and professional information, which assumptions have been mobilized for the defense of “early treatment” and the denial of vaccines for COVID-19, and the representativeness of their discourses in the medical practice context in Brazil. The analysis is based on a list of 276 doctors’ names, cataloged from their website, and on academic and professional information obtained through research on the Federal Medical Conseil website and the Scientific and Technological Development Nacional Council platform. The content analysis points to the centrality of the medical specialties of homeopathy and acupuncture in the population of Doctors for Life when compared to the set of specialist doctors in Brazil. The significant accession of homeopaths and acupuncturists to the Doctors for Life movement can clarify the understanding of specific medical rationalities, allowing us to distinguish which categories and ideas about the health-disease process are in dispute. It is concluded that, more than describing the problem, it is needed to establish its correlations with a group of events, practices, political decisions, economic linkages, shared beliefs, and a chain of processes that configure its undeniably social characteristics.

Resumo O uso de conceitos e práticas de Redução de Danos (RD) na atenção às pessoas que usam drogas foi iniciado no Brasil nos anos 1990, como resposta preventiva à propagação do HIV/aids. Ao longo dos anos, ganhou espaço em outros campos de ação, como a saúde mental e a proteção social. Em 2019, com as mudanças no governo federal, esta prática foi retirada da definição da política sobre drogas. Com foco nos reflexos dessas mudanças, este estudo visou caracterizar quem atua e quais ações são desenvolvidas junto às pessoas que usam drogas, sob a perspectiva da RD, em municípios da região Sul do Brasil (RS, SC e PR). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo e transversal, que usou um questionário virtual composto por questões abertas, fechadas e métodos mistos de análise de dados. Os participantes foram recrutados por meio do método Snowball Sampling, de forma virtual, alcançando 72 questionários validados. Foi desenvolvida uma análise exploratória dos dados quantitativos. Para as respostas qualitativas foi usada a Análise Textual Discursiva e o software NVivo (versão 12). Os resultados demonstraram o perfil dos profissionais; mudanças ao longo dos anos e a necessidade de ampliar investimentos em pesquisas sobre RD.

Abstract Harm Reduction (HR) concepts and practices in the care of people who use drugs stared being used in Brazil in the 1990s, as a preventive response to the spread of HIV/AIDS. Over the years, it gained space in other fields, such as mental health and social protection. In 2019, with changes in the federal government, this practice was removed from the definitions of the drug policy. Focusing on the consequences of these changes, this study aimed to characterize who works and what actions are developed with the people who use drugs, in the HR perspective, in the southern region of Brazil. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional exploratory study, which used an online questionnaire with open and closed questions, and mixed methods of data analysis. Participants were recruited using the Snowball Sampling method, by virtual means, reaching 72 validated questionnaires. An exploratory analysis of the quantitative data was developed. For the qualitative data, the Discursive Textual Analysis and NVivo software (version 12) were used. The results showed the profile of professionals; the changes over the years; and the need to expand investments in HR research.

Resumo O uso de conceitos e práticas de Redução de Danos (RD) na atenção às pessoas que usam drogas foi iniciado no Brasil nos anos 1990, como resposta preventiva à propagação do HIV/aids. Ao longo dos anos, ganhou espaço em outros campos de ação, como a saúde mental e a proteção social. Em 2019, com as mudanças no governo federal, esta prática foi retirada da definição da política sobre drogas. Com foco nos reflexos dessas mudanças, este estudo visou caracterizar quem atua e quais ações são desenvolvidas junto às pessoas que usam drogas, sob a perspectiva da RD, em municípios da região Sul do Brasil (RS, SC e PR). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo e transversal, que usou um questionário virtual composto por questões abertas, fechadas e métodos mistos de análise de dados. Os participantes foram recrutados por meio do método Snowball Sampling, de forma virtual, alcançando 72 questionários validados. Foi desenvolvida uma análise exploratória dos dados quantitativos. Para as respostas qualitativas foi usada a Análise Textual Discursiva e o software NVivo (versão 12). Os resultados demonstraram o perfil dos profissionais; mudanças ao longo dos anos e a necessidade de ampliar investimentos em pesquisas sobre RD.

Abstract Harm Reduction (HR) concepts and practices in the care of people who use drugs stared being used in Brazil in the 1990s, as a preventive response to the spread of HIV/AIDS. Over the years, it gained space in other fields, such as mental health and social protection. In 2019, with changes in the federal government, this practice was removed from the definitions of the drug policy. Focusing on the consequences of these changes, this study aimed to characterize who works and what actions are developed with the people who use drugs, in the HR perspective, in the southern region of Brazil. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional exploratory study, which used an online questionnaire with open and closed questions, and mixed methods of data analysis. Participants were recruited using the Snowball Sampling method, by virtual means, reaching 72 validated questionnaires. An exploratory analysis of the quantitative data was developed. For the qualitative data, the Discursive Textual Analysis and NVivo software (version 12) were used. The results showed the profile of professionals; the changes over the years; and the need to expand investments in HR research.

RESUMO O uso de modelos para estimar a produção florestal é uma importante ferramenta em áreas plantadas. Embora esse assunto tenha sido estudado em todo o mundo, ainda falta conhecimento a respeito da medição de volume para locais específicos, como os do Nordeste do Brasil. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o potencial de predição de redes neurais artificiais e regressão para a estimativa do volume de madeira em povoamentos homogêneos de Anadantera macrocarpa, Genipa americana e Mimosa caesalpiniflolia. Os métodos de regressão e de redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) mostraram-se aplicáveis para a estimativa do volume individual dos povoamentos em diferentes espaçamentos, aos sete anos de idade. O modelo de regressão de Spurr apresentou melhores resultados estatísticos e dispersão dos erros não tendenciosos para as espécies Anadantera macrocarpa e Genipa americana. Já o modelo de Shumacher-Hall foi mais preciso para a estimativa do volume da espécie Mimosa caesalpinifolia. As RNAs, com dois neurônios na camada intermediária, proporcionaram melhores ajustes para as três espécies, portanto, são recomendadas para estimar os volumes individuais das espécies avaliadas, por mostrar maior precisão, em relação à regressão, na estimativa do volume das espécies nativas avaliadas.

ABSTRACT Modeling is an important tool to estimate forest production in planted areas. Although this issue has been studied worldwide, knowledge regarding volume measurement in specific locations such as Northeast Brazil is still scarce. The present study aimed to evaluated the effectiveness of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and regression analysis in estimating the timber volume of homogeneous stands of Anadantera macrocarpa, Genipa americana, and Mimosa casalpinifolia, in order to better predict the growth and production of these species. Both methods were suitable for estimating the individual volume in 7-year-old stands with different spacing. The Spurr regression model showed better statistical results and dispersion of unbiased errors for Anadantera macrocarpa and Genipa americana, whereas the Shumacher-Hall model provided more accurate volume estimates for Mimosa caesalpinifolia. The ANNs calibrated with two neurons in the middle layer exhibited the best fit for all three species. As such, artificial neural networks can be recommended to estimate the individual volumes of the species analyzed in the study area.

Abstract Presented here are the results of the first studies of silicate melt inclusions hosted in quartz crystals from the two late granitic facies of the Paleoproterozoic Madeira pluton in the Pitinga mine, State of Amazonas, Brazil. The study of these magmatic inclusions in the anorogenic granites of Pitinga furnished reliable results because the original composition of the trapped silicate liquids is well preserved. Petrographic, morphological, and chemical data show that both porphyritic hypersolvus alkali feldspar granite and albite-rich granite were formed by melt-melt immiscibility from a precursor magma. After phase separation, albite-rich granite evolution was characterized by strong enrichment in F, Na, Sn, Nb, Ta, Zr, Th, Y, Rb, and REE compared to the porphyritic granite, based on data obtained from analyses of both trace elements by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and major elements by electron microprobe. These elements make up the polymetallic magmatic ore of the Pitinga mine. The contrasting evolutionary trends, peralkaline and peraluminous, stand out in the different geochemical signatures of the analyzed melt inclusions. The preliminary results of our studies on melt inclusions trapped in rare metal granite minerals from Sn-polymetallic deposits in Brazil suggest abundant possibilities for using this methodology in future petrological and metallogenic research.

Abstract A GPU-adapted Finite Element Method (A-FEM) implementation without using a mesh coloring strategy to avoid race conditions is presented. All the elements are simultaneously processed, and the local data is computed and consolidated into the device memory in a new adapted Coordinate Format data structure (a-COO). The comparison between the proposed solution and two GPU Element-by-Element Finite Element Method (EbE-FEM) approaches shows promising results since it is no longer necessary the mesh coloring step. This new approach is well suited for problems that need re-meshing and consequently would need re-coloring, e.g., adaptive mesh refinement.