ABSTRACT Objective We investigated the association between demographic, socio-economic, perinatal, parental and lifestyle-related factors with general and abdominal obesity among prepubertal children aged 6 to 8 years in a Southeastern city of Brazil. Subjects and methods A total of 486 children were randomly selected from public schools in the city of Patos de Minas, and examined to determine body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Demographic, socio-economic, perinatal, parental and lifestyle-related data were obtained and assessed as independent risk factors for overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, using multiple regression analysis. Results Obesity/overweight (BMI percentile ≥ 85), seen in 19% of the children, was positively associated with low maternal education, being born small for gestational age, maternal BMI and screen time, whereas abdominal obesity (WC percentile > 90), seen in 9.9% of the children, was positively associated with maternal age and maternal BMI. When BMI and WC percentile were analyzed as continuous variables, birth by cesarean section, parental BMI, and lower sleep time were positively associated with BMI percentile, and birth by cesarean section, being born small for gestational age, and parental BMI were positively associated with WC percentile. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the frequency of overweight and obesity in a city in the Southeastern region of Brazil is similar to the global frequency reported by the World Health Organization. We also found that many modifiable risk factors were associated with general and abdominal obesity, and these may possibly substantiate future strategies to prevent childhood obesity and its consequences in adult life.

Resumo Objetivo O momento da admissão para o parto pode ser considerado inapropriado para oferecer o dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) para mulheres sem aconselhamento contraceptivo pré-natal. Entretanto, em países com elevadas taxas de cesáreas e aconselhamento contraceptivo deficiente, essa estratégia pode reduzir o risco de gestações não programadas e cesáreas repetidas. Métodos Estudo de coorte envolvendo 100 mulheres sem aconselhamento contraceptivo pré-natal. A inserção de DIU pós-dequitação foi oferecida após a admissão para o parto e indicação de cesárea. As taxas de continuidade com o DIU, perfuração uterina e endometrite foram avaliadas após 6 semanas e 6 meses, e a proporção de mulheres que continuaram com o DIU após 6 meses foi analisada em relação ao número de cesáreas prévias. Resultados Noventa e sete mulheres completaram o seguimento. A taxa de permanência do DIU foi de 91% em 6 semanas e 83,5% em 6 meses. A taxa de expulsão/ remoção nas primeiras 6 semanas foi não foi diferente daquela observada entre 6 emanas e 6 meses (9 vs 9,1%, respectivamente). Houve dois casos de endometrite (2,1%), e nenhum caso de perfuração uterina. Entre as 81mulheres que permaneceram como DIU após 6 meses, 31% haviam sido submetidas a apenas uma cesárea, em que o DIU foi inserido, 44% a 2, e 25% a 3 ou mais cesáreas. Conclusão Dois terços das mulheres que continuaram com o DIU após 6 meses haviam sido submetidas a 2 ou mais cesáreas. Considerando que oferecer a tentativa de parto vaginal após duas oumais cesáreas prévias é incomum, é possível que a oferta do DIU na admissão para o parto possa reduzir o risco de cesáreas repetidas e de seus riscos associados.

Abstract Objective Themoment of admission for deliverymay be inappropriate for offering an intrauterine device (IUD) to women without prenatal contraception counseling. However, in countries with high cesarean rates and deficient prenatal contraception counseling, this strategy may reduce unexpected pregnancies and repeated cesarean sections. Methods This was a prospective cohort study involving 100 women without prenatal contraception counseling. Postplacental IUD was offered after admission for delivery and placed during cesarean. The rates of IUD continuation, uterine perforation, and endometritis were assessed at 6 weeks and 6 months, and the proportion of women continuing with IUD at 6 months was assessed with respect to the number of previous cesareans. Results Ninety-seven women completed the follow-up. The rate of IUD continuation was 91% at 6 weeks and 83.5% at 6 months. The expulsion/removal rate in the first 6 weeks was not different from that between 6 weeks and 6 months (9 vs 9.1%, respectively). There were 2 cases of endometritis (2.1%), and no case of uterine perforation. Among 81 women continuing with intrauterine device after 6-months, 31% had undergone only the cesarean section in which the IUD was inserted, 44% had undergone 2 and 25% had undergone 3 or more cesarean sections. Conclusion Two thirds of the women who continued with IUD at 6 months had undergone 2 ormore cesarean sections. Since offering trial of labor is unusual after 2 or more previous cesareans, we believe that offering IUD after admission for delivery may reduce the risk of repeated cesarean sections and its inherent risks.