A enxaqueca é a cefaleia aguda e recorrente mais comum em crianças e adolescentes, mantendo-se, no entanto, subdiagnosticada. O diagnóstico de enxaqueca na infância baseia-se em critérios semelhantes aos utilizados em adultos, mas com algumas particularidades, tais como a duração da cefaleia, que geralmente é muito menor do que no adulto, e a sua localização, que pode muitas vezes ser bilateral. Apesar da elevada prevalência, a enxaqueca pediátrica continua a ser subtratada, por vezes devido a receio dos cuidadores e médicos e à falta de estudos sobre o seu tratamento. Embora as opções de tratamento para a enxaqueca pediátrica tenham vindo a aumentar, permanecem limitadas. Neste artigo, os autores apresentam uma revisão dos fármacos atualmente aprovados e utilizados “off-label” para o tratamento agudo da enxaqueca e do estado de mal de enxaqueca em pediatria. No tratamento da enxaqueca devem ser usados anti-inflamatórios não-esteroides (AINEs). Na enxaqueca moderada a grave que não responde a analgésicos ou AINEs, podem ser utilizados triptanos, isoladamente ou em combinação com aqueles. Medicamentos de resgate, incluindo dihidroergotamina e valproato de sódio, podem ser usados em contexto hospitalar no estado de mal de enxaqueca. Antieméticos com propriedades anti-dopaminérgicas podem ser úteis em doentes com náuseas e vómitos, além de cefaleia, especialmente quando usados em combinação com outros fármacos.

Migraine is the most common acute and recurrent headache syndrome in children and adolescents but is often underdiagnosed. Migraine diagnosis in childhood rests on criteria similar to those used in adults but with some particularities, as duration of the attack, which is often much shorter than in adults, and location of the attack, which in many children may be bilateral. Despite its high prevalence, pediatric migraine remains undertreated, sometimes due to fear of caregivers and physicians and lack of studies about its treatment. Although treatment options for pediatric migraine are increasing, they remain limited. In this article, the authors review approved and “off-label” drugs currently used in migraine and status migrainosus acute treatment in pediatric patients. In migraine treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be used. In moderate-to-severe migraine unresponsive to analgesics or NSAIDs, triptans may be used, alone or in combination with the former. Rescue medication, including dihydroergotamine and sodium valproate, can be used in hospital setting for intractable migraine. Antiemetics with anti-dopaminergic properties may be helpful in patients with symptoms of nausea and vomiting in addition to headache, particularly when used in combination therapy.

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou descrever o perfil das Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) nas 22 Regiões de Saúde do Ceará, através de um estudo quantitativo e transversal sobre as hospitalizações ocorridas entre 2010 e 2014. Houve redução das ICSAP nas regiões, com exceção de duas. Na maioria, a ampliação da cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família gerou redução na proporção de ICSAP. Entretanto, é necessário um compromisso mais contundente com relação à sua qualidade, à consolidação do processo de regionalização e ao desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais que impactem em outros determinantes de saúde.

ABSTRACT This article aimed to describe the profile of Hospitalizations due to Conditions Sensitive to Primary Care (ICSAP) in the 22 Health Regions of Ceará, through a quantitative and cross-sectional study on hospitalizations between 2010 and 2014. There was a reduction of ICSAP in the regions, except for two. In the majority, the expansion of the coverage of the Family Health Strategy has generated a reduction in the proportion of ICSAP. However, a overwhelming commitment to quality is required, to the consolidation of the regionalization process and to the development of intersectoral actions that impact on other health determinants.

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou descrever o perfil das Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) nas 22 Regiões de Saúde do Ceará, através de um estudo quantitativo e transversal sobre as hospitalizações ocorridas entre 2010 e 2014. Houve redução das ICSAP nas regiões, com exceção de duas. Na maioria, a ampliação da cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família gerou redução na proporção de ICSAP. Entretanto, é necessário um compromisso mais contundente com relação à sua qualidade, à consolidação do processo de regionalização e ao desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais que impactem em outros determinantes de saúde.

ABSTRACT This article aimed to describe the profile of Hospitalizations due to Conditions Sensitive to Primary Care (ICSAP) in the 22 Health Regions of Ceará, through a quantitative and cross-sectional study on hospitalizations between 2010 and 2014. There was a reduction of ICSAP in the regions, except for two. In the majority, the expansion of the coverage of the Family Health Strategy has generated a reduction in the proportion of ICSAP. However, a overwhelming commitment to quality is required, to the consolidation of the regionalization process and to the development of intersectoral actions that impact on other health determinants.

Este ensaio fotográfico foi realizado a partir da pesquisa “Microcefalia, deficiência e cuidados: um estudo antropológico sobre os impactos da síndrome congênita do vírus Zika no estado de Pernambuco”. A narrativa visual busca problematizar a saúde de mulheres, mães de bebês com síndrome congênita – um desdobramento do Zika vírus -, considerando a rotina intensa, solitária e cansativa dessas mulheres.

This photographic essay was based on the research “Microcephaly, disability and care: an anthropological study on the impacts of congenital syndrome of the Zika virus in the state of Pernambuco”. The visual narrative seeks to reflect about the health of women, mothers of babies with congenital syndrome - an unfolding of the Zika virus -, considering the intense, solitary and exhaustive routine of these women.

El presente ensayo fotográfico se dio a partir de la investigación “Microcefalia, discapacidad y cuidados: un estudio antropológico sobre los impactos del síndrome congénito del virus Zika en el estado de Pernambuco”. La narrativa visual busca problematizar la salud de mujeres, madres de bebés con síndrome congénito - un desdoblamiento del Zika virus -, considerando la rutina intensa, solitaria y agotadora de esas mujeres.

Este ensaio fotográfico foi realizado a partir da pesquisa “Microcefalia, deficiência e cuidados: um estudo antropológico sobre os impactos da síndrome congênita do vírus Zika no estado de Pernambuco”. A narrativa visual busca problematizar a saúde de mulheres, mães de bebês com síndrome congênita – um desdobramento do Zika vírus -, considerando a rotina intensa, solitária e cansativa dessas mulheres.

This photographic essay was based on the research “Microcephaly, disability and care: an anthropological study on the impacts of congenital syndrome of the Zika virus in the state of Pernambuco”. The visual narrative seeks to reflect about the health of women, mothers of babies with congenital syndrome - an unfolding of the Zika virus -, considering the intense, solitary and exhaustive routine of these women.

El presente ensayo fotográfico se dio a partir de la investigación “Microcefalia, discapacidad y cuidados: un estudio antropológico sobre los impactos del síndrome congénito del virus Zika en el estado de Pernambuco”. La narrativa visual busca problematizar la salud de mujeres, madres de bebés con síndrome congénito - un desdoblamiento del Zika virus -, considerando la rutina intensa, solitaria y agotadora de esas mujeres.

Abstract Background: Teduglutide is an enterotrophic analogue of glucagon-like peptide-2, with an indirect and poorly understood mechanism of action, approved for the rehabilitation of short-bowel syndrome. This study aims to analyze the response of tissue growth factors to surgical injury and teduglutide administration on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis. Methods: Wistar rats (n = 59) were distributed into four groups: "ileal resection" or "laparotomy", each one subdivided into "postoperative teduglutide administration" or "no treatment"; and sacrificed at the third or the seventh day, with ileal sample harvesting. Gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), vascular endothelial growth factor a (Vegfa), transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfβ1), connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2), fibroblast growth factor 7 (Fgf7), epidermal growth factor (Egf), heparin-binding epidermal-like growth factor (Hbegf), platelet-derived growth factor b (Pdgfb) and glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (Glp2r) was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Upregulation of Fgf7, Fgf2, Egf, Vegfa and Glp2r at the third day and of Pdgf at the seventh day was verified in the perianastomotic segment. Teduglutide administration was associated with higher fold-change of relative gene expression of Vegfa (3.6 ± 1.3 vs. 1.9 ± 2.0, p = 0.0001), Hbegf (2.2 ± 2.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.001), Igf1 (1.6 ± 7.6 vs. 0.9 ± 0.7, p = 0.002) and Ctgf (1.1 ± 2.1 vs. 0.6 ± 2.0, Conclusions: Those results underscore the recognized role of Igf1 and Hbegf as molecular mediators of the effects of teduglutide and suggest that other humoral factors, like Vegf and Ctgf, may also be relevant in the perioperative context. Induction of Vegfa, Igf1 and Ctgf gene expressions might indicate a favorable influence of teduglutide on the intestinal anastomotic healing.

Resumen Introducción: teduglutida es un análogo intestinotrófico do péptido-2 similar al glucagón, con un mecanismo de acción indirecto y poco conocido, aprobado para la rehabilitación del síndrome de intestino corto. Este estudio propone analizar la respuesta de los factores de crecimiento tisulares a la agresión quirúrgica y a la administración de teduglutida en un modelo animal de anastomosis intestinal. Métodos: ratones Wistar (n = 59) fueron distribuidos en cuatro grupos: "resección ileal" o "laparotomía", cada uno subdividido en "administración post-operatoria de teduglutida" o "sin tratamiento"; y sacrificados en el tercero o el séptimo día, con recogida de muestras ileales. La expresión génica de Igf1, Vegfa, Tgfβ1, Ctgf, Fgf2, Fgf7, Egf, Hbegf, Pdgfb y Glp2r fue analizada por qRT-PCR. Resultados: en el segmento perianastomótico se verificó una sobrerregulación de Fgf7, Fgf2, Egf, Vegfa y Glp2r al tercer día y de Pdg al séptimo día. La administración de teduglutida se asoció con mayor cambio de la expresión génica relativa de Vegfa (3.6 ± 1.3 vs. 1.9 ± 2.0, p = 0.0001), Hbegf (2.2 ± 2.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.001), Igf1 (1.6 ± 7.6 vs. 0.9 ± 0.7, p = 0.002) y Ctgf (1.1 ± 2.1 vs. 0.6 ± 2.0, p = 0.013); y menor cambio de Tgfβ1, Fgf7 y Glp2r. Conclusiones: estos resultados refuerzan el reconocido papel de Igf1 y Hbegf como mediadores moleculares de los efectos de la teduglutida y sugieren que otros factores humorales, como Vegf y Ctgf, también pueden ser relevantes en el contexto perioperatorio. La inducción de las expresiones de los genes Vegfa, Igf1 y Ctgf podría indicar una influencia favorable de teduglutida en la cicatrización anastomótica intestinal.

Introdução: O Síndrome da Úlcera Retal Solitária (SRUS) é uma doença benigna incomum que afeta predominantemente jovens adultos, sendo rara na população pediátrica. Caso Clínico: Rapariga de 12 anos com história de 6 meses de evolução de tenesmo, aumento da frequência defecatória e retorragias com muco. Sem antecedentes de obstipação ou outras queixas. Na observação inicial, o exame físico e o estudo analítico eram normais. O exame bacteriológico e virológico das fezes foi negativo. A colonoscopia realizada revelou uma úlcera única no reto distal, a 6 cm da margem anal. As biópsias confirmaram o diagnóstico de SRUS. Apesar do tratamento conservador, os sintomas persistiram. A defecografia mostrou um pequeno retocelo, sem prolapso da mucosa. Devido à proximidade com o esfíncter anal, não foi efectuado tratamento cirúrgico. Conclusão: O presente caso ilustra o quão difícil é a abordagem do SRUS. São necessários estudos multicêntricos para estabelecer protocolos de tratamento na idade pediátrica.

Introduction: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is an uncommon benign rectal disease. Mostly young adults are affected, and it is rare in paediatric populations. Clinical Case: We present a 12-year-old girl with a 6-month history of tenesmus, frequent defaecation, and bloody stools with mucus. There was no previous history of constipation or other symptoms. At the first visit, physical examination and routine laboratory test results were normal. A stool examination for bacteria and parasites was negative. Colonoscopy revealed a single ulcer in the distal rectum 6 cm from the anal margin. SRUS was confirmed by biopsy. Despite conservative measures, the symptoms persisted. A defaecation proctography showed a small rectocele with no rectal mucosal prolapse. Because of its proximity to the anal sphincter, no surgical intervention was performed. Conclusion: The present case illustrates how difficult the management of SRUS is. Multicentre studies are needed to establish treatment protocols for children.

ABSTRACT Objective We investigated the postprandial response of lipid markers to a high-fat meal (HFM) with two different beverages in apparently healthy normal-weight and overweight/obese women. Subjects and methods This crossover, randomized study enrolled 36 women, of whom 21 had normal weight (body mass index [BMI] 22 ± 1.8 kg/m2) and 15 had overweight/obesity (BMI 31 ± 3.7 kg/m2). In two different test days, the participants ingested a HFM (37% of energy as saturated fat) with 500 mL of water (HFM-W) or 500 mL of orange juice (HFM-OJ). Blood samples were collected at baseline (12-hour fasting), and at 2, 3, and 5 hours postprandial. The analysis included fasting and postprandial total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides (TG), uric acid, and complement C3. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC); Primary Identification Number: RBR-2h3wjn (www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br). Results TG levels increased at 3 hours with HFM-OJ in normal-weight women (p = 0.01) and returned to normal levels at 5h. TG increased at 3 hours with HFM-W (p = 0.01) and HFM-OJ (p = 0.02), and remained high at 5 hours (p = 0.03) in overweight/obese women. Complement C3 remained unchanged, but showed different responses between meals (p = 0.01 for positive incremental area under the curve [piAUC] HFM-OJ vs. HFM-W, respectively). Conclusions In apparently healthy overweight/obese women compared with normal-weight ones, the concomitant intake of orange juice with a HFM prolonged postprandial lipemia but had no effect on postprandial complement C3 concentrations.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever incidência de quedas em idosos no município de Barbacena, MG, com seus fatores causais, circunstâncias e consequências. Método: estudo de corte transversal, realizado mediante aplicação de questionários em 206 pacientes acima de 60 anos de idade, de novembro 2014 a fevereiro de 2015. Foram analisados fatores de risco, incidência e consequência das quedas na vida dos idosos. Foram construídas distribuições de frequência e calculadas as médias, desvios-padrão e percentagens. A existência de relação entre o relato de quedas e seus possíveis fatores de risco foi determinada por Teste qui-quadrado e exato de Fischer conforme a indicação. Resultados: observou-se a incidência de 36,41% de queda em idoso, sendo que 45,95% ocorreram fora de casa, 85,71% dos pesquisados já haviam sofrido acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) e 39,78% faziam uso de medicamento. Dos idosos que caíram e sofreram fratura (18,67%), 50% já tinham sofrido episódio de AVE e 50% eram portadores de doença renal crônica, sendo que 61,54% deixaram de realizar suas atividades diárias após a queda. Conclusão: a incidência de queda em idosos foi de 36,41%. Os fatores mais correlacionados foram uso de medicamentos, vítimas de AVE, portadores de doença renal crônica e, dos que sofreram fratura, 61,54% deixaram de realizar atividades diárias. Desta forma, a prevenção das quedas é uma preocupação de saúde pública e mudanças relativamente simples podem reduzi-las.

Abstract Objective: to determine the incidence of falls among the elderly population of the city of Barbacena in the state of Minas Gerais, together with causal factors, circumstances and major consequences. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed through questionnaires applied to 206 patients over the age of 60, from November 2014 to February 2015 in the city of Barbacena, in the state of Minas Gerais. Risk factors related to falls were analyzed, as well as the incidence of falls and the consequences for the lives of elderly persons. The existence of a relationship between the reporting of falls and possible risk factors was determined by the Chi-squared and Fischer's exact tests as indicated. Results: an incidence of falls of 36.41% was observed among the elderly, 45.95% of which occurred outside the home. A total of 85.71% of respondents had previously suffered strokes and 39.78% were taking medication. Among elderly persons who have fallen and suffered fractures (18.67%), 50% had suffered strokes, 50% were suffering from chronic kidney disease, and 61.54% could not perform their activities of daily living after the fall. Conclusion: it was concluded that the incidence of falls among the elderly was 36.41%, while the most correlated factors were drug use, stroke victims and people with chronic kidney disease. Among those who suffered fractures, 61.54% failed to perform activities of daily living. Preventing falls is a public health concern, and simple changes can reduce its prevalence.

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórica decorrente de um trabalho realizado com professores do ensino fundamental em uma escola pública. Foi utilizada, como metodologia de trabalho, a conversação de orientação psicanalítica, apoiada pela ética do desejo e da responsabilização. As conversações tiveram como tema central as dificuldades encontradas pelos professores em suas práticas docentes. Os professores elegeram três principais impasses para a sua prática educativa: a família, a sexualidade e as políticas públicas. Com base na teoria dos discursos e na tríade temporal proposta por Lacan: o instante de ver, o tempo de compreender e o momento de concluir, o artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre os efeitos da oferta da palavra aos professores na escola.

This paper presents a theoretical reflection on a study conducted with elementary school teachers in a public school. It was applied Psychoanalytic orientation on conversations as a work methodology, supported by ethics of desire and accountability. The conversations had a main theme, which consisted on the difficulties confronted by teachers in their teaching practice. Teachers have elected three main deadlocks over their educational practice: family, sexuality and public policies. Based on Speech Theory and Temporal Triad proposed by Lacan - instant of sight, time of understanding and moment of concluding - the author brings up a reflection on speech offer effects on elementary school teachers in a public school.

Biopolymer-based materials have been of particular interest as alternatives to synthetic polymers due to their low toxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Among them, chitosan is one of the most studied ones and has recently been investigated for the application as solid state polymer electrolytes. Furthermore, it can serve as a host for luminescent species such as rare earth ions, opening up the possibility of combined electro-optical functionality, of particular interest for electroluminescent devices. In this study, we perform a fundamental, initial, investigation of chitosan based luminescent materials doped with EuIII and LiI triflate salts, from the structural, photophysical and conducting points of view. Because the host presents a broad emission band in the blue to green, while EuIII emits in the red, fine-tuning of emission colour and/or generation of white light is proven possible, by proper combination of optimized composition and excitation scheme. Europium lifetimes (5D0) are in the range 270-350 µs and quantum yields are up to 2%. Although LiI does not interfere with the luminescent properties, it grants ion-conducting properties to the material suggesting that a combination of both properties could be useful in the development of electro-luminescent devices.

Background: Evidences suggest that nuts consumption can improve energy metabolism. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of acute ingestion of high-oleic and conventional peanuts on appetite, food intake, and energy metabolism in overweight and obese men. Methods: Seventy one subjects (29.8 ± 2.4 kg/m²) were assigned to the groups: control (CT, n = 24); conventional peanuts (CVP, n = 23); high-oleic peanuts (HOP, n = 24). Subjects consumed 56 g of peanuts (CVP and HOP) or control biscuits (CT) after overnight fasting. Thereafter, energy metabolism was evaluated over 200 minutes, during which diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and substrate oxidation were analyzed. Appetite sensation was recorded for 3 hours. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS software considering 5% as the significance level. Results: Postprandial energy expenditure and DIT were significantly higher in HOP than in CVP. Substrate oxidation did not differ between groups. Only HOP presented score below 100 indicating incomplete compensation. CT and CVP showed a complete caloric compensation (scores > 100). Regarding appetite sensation, CVP group felt less "full" than HOP and CT. After 3 hours, satiety score of CVP returned to baseline, whereas HOP and CT remained significantly higher. Hunger scores returned to baseline in CVP and CT and they were maintained significantly lowered in HOP. Conclusion: High-oleic peanuts contributed to higher DIT, higher sensation of fullness and incomplete compensation for energy intake compared to conventional peanuts and may be useful to dietary intervention to reduce body weight.

Antecedentes: Las pruebas sugieren que el consumo de frutos secos puede mejorar el metabolismo energético. Propósito: Este estudio tenía por finalidad comparar los efectos de la ingesta aguda de cacahuetes con alto contenido en oleico y cacahuetes convencionales sobre el apetito, el consumo de alimentos y el metabolismo energético in hombres con sobrepeso y obesos. Métodos: Se distribuyó a 71 individuos (29,8 ± 2,4 kg/m²) a los grupos: control (CT, n = 24); cacahuetes convencionales (CVP, n = 23); cacahuetes con alto contenido en oleico (HOP, n = 24). Los individuos consumieron 56 g de cacahuetes (CVP y HOP) o control (CT) tras un ayuno nocturno. Posteriormente, se evaluó el metabolismo energético a lo largo de 200 minutes, durante los cuales se analizaron la termogénesis inducida por la dieta (TID) y la oxidación de sustratos. La sensación de apetito se registró durante 3 horas. Se realizaron los análisis estadísticos con el programa SAS considerando un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: El consumo de energía posprandial y la TID fueron significativamente superiores en el HOP que el CVP. La oxidación de sustratos no difirió entre los grupos. Sólo el HOP presentó una puntuación por debajo de 100, lo que indicaba una compensación incompleta. El CT y el CVP mostraron una compensación calórica completa (puntuaciones > 100). Con respecto a la sensación de apetito, el grupo CVP se mostró menos "lleno" que los grupos HOP y CT. A las 3 horas, la puntuación de saciedad del CVP volvió a la situación basal, mientras que en los grupos HOP y CT permanecía significativamente superior. Las puntuaciones de hambre volvieron a la situación basal in los grupos CVP y CT y se mantuvieron significativamente por debajo a las del grupo HOP. Conclusión: Los cacahuetes con alto contenido en oleico contribuyen a una mayor TID, mayor sensación de plenitud y una compensation incompleta del consumo de energía en comparación con los cacahuetes convencionales y pueden ser de ayuda como intervention dietética para disminuir el peso corporal.

Mixoma cardíaco é o tumor primário mais comum do coração. Sua principal localização é no átrio esquerdo, mas pode surgir em qualquer câmara cardíaca. Os sintomas clínicos são variáveis, mas dispnéia e embolia são os mais freqüentes. Relatamos o caso de um jovem com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico embólico causado por um grande mixoma no ventrículo esquerdo. O paciente foi submetido a cirurgia três semanas após o acidente vascular cerebral. O tumor foi ressecado com cuidado, sem fragmentar. O tratamento cirúrgico foi eficaz. Enfatizamos a raridade da presente localização, juntamente com uma revisão da literatura atual.

Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary tumor of the heart. The tumor is located mainly in the left atrium but can arise from any heart chamber. Clinical symptoms are variable but dyspnea and embolism are the most frequent. We report a case of a young man that had embolic ischemic stroke caused by a large left ventricular myxoma. The patient underwent surgery three weeks after the stroke. The tumor was carefully resected without fragmentation. Surgical treatment was effective. We emphasize the rarity of this location together with a review of the current literature.