RESUMO Embora comprovados os efeitos isolados das cianobactérias Anabaena cylindrica bem como da bactéria Azospirillum brasilense, na fixação biológica de nitrogênio e na promoção de crescimento de plantas de milho, a co-inoculação de ambas pode ampliar outros benefícios às plantas. O objetivo foi avaliar o crescimento inicial e teores de pigmentos cloroplastídicos de híbridos de milho co-inoculados com A. brasilense e A. cylindrica. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de casa de vegetação sob o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com dois híbridos: Balu 184 e Balu 280 Pro e quatro tratamentos de inoculação: ausência de inoculação, inoculação de A. cylindrica, inoculação de A. brasilense e a co-inoculação de A. cylindrica + A. brasilense. A co-inoculação resultou no maior crescimento da raiz e massa seca da parte aérea nos dois híbridos, porém com maior responsividade para o híbrido Balu 280 Pro. A co-inoculação combinada de A. brasilense e A. cylindrica incrementou o crescimento inicial do milho, sem alterações nos teores dos pigmentos fotossintéticos.

ABSTRACT Although the isolated effects of the cyanobacteria Anabaena cylindrica and the bacteria Azospirillum brasilense are well-known, the co-inoculation of both can promote other benefits to corn plants’ biological nitrogen fixation and growth. The aim was to evaluate the initial growth and chloroplast pigment levels of corn hybrids co-inoculated with A. brasilense and A. cylindrica. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions using the completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 2 × 4 with two hybrids, Balu 184 and Balu 280 Pro, and four inoculation treatments: no inoculation, inoculation of A. cylindrica, inoculation of A. brasilense, and the co-inoculation of A. cylindrica + A. brasilense. Co-inoculation resulted in higher root growth and dry mass of the aerial part in both hybrids; however, the hybrid Balu 280 Pro presented higher responsivity. The co-inoculation of A. brasilense and A. cylindrica increased initial corn growth without altering the photosynthetic pigment levels.

Resumo Simulações pelo método dos elementos finitos (MEF) foram realizadas para entender os efeitos das taxas de aquecimento/resfriamento na distribuição de tensões residuais. Dois parâmetros de material dos trilhos foram usados, enquanto as condições de contorno permaneceram constantes: tamanho da zona afetada pelo calor, temperatura máxima e taxa de extração de aquecimento. Para complementar a análise, foi realizada uma solda de topo por centelhamento de um trilho Premium com parâmetros de soldagem ajustado para obter uma baixa extensão de zona afetada pelo calor, sem resfriamento forçado, para examinar a microestrutura formada nas regiões críticas na alma e no extremo do patim. Os resultados mostraram que houve concentração de tensões residuais verticais na região da alma, enquanto a presença de tensão residual de compressão no sentido horizontal foi predominantemente superficial na região do trilho superior. Ao usar dois parâmetros de simulação de materiais semelhantes (trilhos), os resultados foram substancialmente diferentes. Os exames metalográficos mostraram que não havia presença de microconstituintes aciculares (martensita/bainita). Além disso, foi observada ferrita pro-eutetóide na região central, cementita em contorno de grão austenítico prévio na região próxima a AC3 e esferoidização quase completa na região de sítio de esferoidização máxima da alma. Em contrapartida, na região do extremo do patim, apresentou microestrutura completamente perlítica na região central e próxima a AC3 e menor volume de esferoidização na região de máxima esferoidização, provavelmente devido à maior taxa de resfriamento nesta região.

Abstract Simulations using the finite element method (FEM) were done to understand the effects of heating/cooling rates on the distribution of residual stresses. Two material parameters from rails were used while the boundary conditions remained constant: heat-affected zone size, maximum temperature and heating extraction rate. To complement the analysis, a flash-butt weld of a Premium rail was done with welding parameters adjusted to obtain a narrow HAZ, without forced cooling, to examine the microstructure formed in the critical regions in the web and the edge of the rail foot. The results showed that there was a concentration of vertical residual stresses in the web region, while the presence of horizontal compression residual stresses was mostly superficial in the rail head region. The main result from the simulation sets was that when using two simulation parameters with similar materials (rails) substantially different results were obtained. Metallographic examinations showed that there was no presence of acicular microconstituents (martensite/bainite). In the rail web, proeutectoid ferrite was observed in the central region, cementite in a previous austenitic grain boundary, in the region that reached temperatures close to AC3, and almost complete spheroidization in the region of maximum spheroidization. In contrast, in the rail foot edge region, there was a completely pearlitic microstructure, in the central region and in the zone that reached temperatures close to AC3, and a lower volume of spheroidization in the region where maximum spheroidization is typically observed, probably due to the higher cooling rate in this region.

BACKGROUND The Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (MIOC) is one of the first scientific journals created in Brazil and currently one of the most important biomedical journals in South America. Knowledge of the main themes disseminated over time and its main contributors can contribute towards a better understanding of its trajectory and future. OBJECTIVES Map the journal’s scientific publication between 1909 and 2020. METHODS Data from three scientific databases was combined, alongside bibliometrics and network analysis to analyse publication records between 1909 and 2020. FINDINGS Publications increased substantially since the 1980s. The main publishing organisations are Brazilian. Excluding Brazil, the main publishing countries are the USA, Argentina, and Colombia. During the entire investigated period, the main themes refer to Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, and Leishmaniasis. During some periods, publications followed disease outbreaks in Brazil (e.g., dengue fever and yellow fever). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Since its foundation in 1909, the MIOC has focused on infectious and parasitic diseases. The editorial changes implemented from the 1980s onwards led MIOC to a relevant growth concerning annual publications and its transformation into an important communication vehicle for researchers from several Brazilian organisations besides Fiocruz, as well as organisations from other countries, especially within Latin America.

Objective: To analyze aspects related to positivity for schistosomiasis in an area of ​​low prevalence in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in the first half of 2020, where proportion of positivity was analyzed according to the number of Kato-Katz slides, the diagnostic performance of the test and the creation of a positivity estimation factor from the data of the Information from the Schistosomiasis Surveillance and Control Program (SISPCE). Results: 2,088 slides from 348 individuals were analyzed, with proportion of positivity of 11.8%, 26.7% and 31.0% for 1, 4 and 6 slides analyzed, respectively. There was excellent agreement (Kappa = 0.91) between the reading of 4 and 6 slides. An underreporting of 2.1 times was estimated in the SISPCE data. Conclusion: Increasing the number of blades increased the positivity of Kato-Katz, which can contribute to maximize the control of the disease as a public health problem.

Objetivo: Analisar aspectos relacionados com a positividade para esquistossomose em área de baixa prevalência, no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2020, quando foram analisadas a proporção de positividade, em função do número de lâminas de Kato-Katz, o desempenho diagnóstico do teste e a estimação da positividade a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE). Resultados: Foram analisadas 2.088 lâminas de 348 indivíduos, sendo a proporção de positividade de 11,8%, 26,7% e 31,0% para 1, 4 e 6 lâminas analisadas, respectivamente. Houve concordância excelente (índice Kappa = 0,91) na comparação entre as leituras de 4 e 6 lâminas. Foi estimada subnotificação de 2,1 vezes nos dados do SISPCE. Conclusão: Ampliar o número de lâminas aumentou a positividade do Kato-Katz, o que pode contribuir para maximizar o controle da doença enquanto problema de Saúde Pública.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar aspectos relacionados com a positividade para esquistossomose em área de baixa prevalência, no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2020, quando foram analisadas a proporção de positividade, em função do número de lâminas de Kato-Katz, o desempenho diagnóstico do teste e a estimação da positividade a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE). Resultados: Foram analisadas 2.088 lâminas de 348 indivíduos, sendo a proporção de positividade de 11,8%, 26,7% e 31,0% para 1, 4 e 6 lâminas analisadas, respectivamente. Houve concordância excelente (índice Kappa = 0,91) na comparação entre as leituras de 4 e 6 lâminas. Foi estimada subnotificação de 2,1 vezes nos dados do SISPCE. Conclusão: Ampliar o número de lâminas aumentou a positividade do Kato-Katz, o que pode contribuir para maximizar o controle da doença enquanto problema de Saúde Pública.

Abstract Objective: To analyze aspects related to schistosomiasis positivity in an area of low prevalence in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in the first half of 2020, where we analyzed the proportion of positivity, according to the number of Kato-Katz slides, the diagnostic performance of the test and positivity estimates based on data from the Schistosomiasis Surveillance and Control Program Information System (SISPCE). Results: 2,088 slides from 348 individuals were analyzed, with proportion of positivity of 11.8%, 26.7% and 31.0% for 1, 4 and 6 slides analyzed, respectively. There was excellent agreement (Kappa = 0.91) between the readings of 4 and 6 slides. The SISPCE data was estimated to be underreported by up to 2.1 times. Conclusion: Increasing the number of slides increased Kato-Katz positivity, which can contribute to maximizing the control of the disease as a Public Health problem.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar aspectos relacionados con la positividad para esquistosomiasis en área de baja prevalencia en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en el primer semestre de 2020, donde se analizó la proporción de positividad según el número de portaobjetos de Kato-Katz, el rendimiento diagnóstico de la prueba y la creación de un factor de estimación de positividad a partir de los datos del Sistema de Información del Programa de Vigilancia y Control de la Esquistosomiasis (SISPCE). Resultados: Se analizaron 2.088 láminas de 348 individuos, con proporción de positividad del 11,8%, 26,7% y 31,0% para 1, 4 y 6 láminas analizadas, respectivamente. Hubo una excelente concordancia (Kappa = 0,91) en la comparación entre la lectura de 4 y 6 láminas. Se estimó un subregistro de 2,1 veces en los datos del SISPCE. Conclusión: Aumentar el número de muestras aumentó la positividad de Kato-Katz, lo que puede contribuir a maximizar el control de la enfermedad como problema de Salud Pública.

Resumo Na tradição ocidental, o direito natural foi o mais duradouro fundamento do próprio direito e da justiça, mesmo que sempre contraposto, complementado ou contestado pelo direito escrito e positivo. Neste sentido, a proposta deste artigo é fazer uma reflexão sobre a transposição, muitas vezes insuspeita, que ocorre de um fundamento metafísico para o mundo a um fundamento metafísico para o direito. Para isso, será apresentada uma leitura crítica do jusnaturalismo a partir da obra de Friedrich Nietzsche, correlacionando-a com uma de suas ideias mais polêmicas, mas também vulgarizada: a morte de deus.

Abstract Natural law has been the most enduring foundation of law and justice in western tradition, even if opposed, complemented or challenged by written and positive law. Thus, an approach can be made to the often-unsuspected transposition from a metaphysical foundation of the world to a metaphysical foundation of law. The proposal in this article presents a critical reading of natural law based on the philosophical thought of Friedrich Nietzsche, demonstrating in which manner the philosopher dealt with this subject explicitly and how it is possible to criticize from one of his most controversial, but also vulgarized ideas: the death of god.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar aspectos relacionados com a positividade para esquistossomose em área de baixa prevalência, no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2020, quando foram analisadas a proporção de positividade, em função do número de lâminas de Kato-Katz, o desempenho diagnóstico do teste e a estimação da positividade a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE). Resultados: Foram analisadas 2.088 lâminas de 348 indivíduos, sendo a proporção de positividade de 11,8%, 26,7% e 31,0% para 1, 4 e 6 lâminas analisadas, respectivamente. Houve concordância excelente (índice Kappa = 0,91) na comparação entre as leituras de 4 e 6 lâminas. Foi estimada subnotificação de 2,1 vezes nos dados do SISPCE. Conclusão: Ampliar o número de lâminas aumentou a positividade do Kato-Katz, o que pode contribuir para maximizar o controle da doença enquanto problema de Saúde Pública.

Abstract Objective: To analyze aspects related to schistosomiasis positivity in an area of low prevalence in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in the first half of 2020, where we analyzed the proportion of positivity, according to the number of Kato-Katz slides, the diagnostic performance of the test and positivity estimates based on data from the Schistosomiasis Surveillance and Control Program Information System (SISPCE). Results: 2,088 slides from 348 individuals were analyzed, with proportion of positivity of 11.8%, 26.7% and 31.0% for 1, 4 and 6 slides analyzed, respectively. There was excellent agreement (Kappa = 0.91) between the readings of 4 and 6 slides. The SISPCE data was estimated to be underreported by up to 2.1 times. Conclusion: Increasing the number of slides increased Kato-Katz positivity, which can contribute to maximizing the control of the disease as a Public Health problem.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar aspectos relacionados con la positividad para esquistosomiasis en área de baja prevalencia en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en el primer semestre de 2020, donde se analizó la proporción de positividad según el número de portaobjetos de Kato-Katz, el rendimiento diagnóstico de la prueba y la creación de un factor de estimación de positividad a partir de los datos del Sistema de Información del Programa de Vigilancia y Control de la Esquistosomiasis (SISPCE). Resultados: Se analizaron 2.088 láminas de 348 individuos, con proporción de positividad del 11,8%, 26,7% y 31,0% para 1, 4 y 6 láminas analizadas, respectivamente. Hubo una excelente concordancia (Kappa = 0,91) en la comparación entre la lectura de 4 y 6 láminas. Se estimó un subregistro de 2,1 veces en los datos del SISPCE. Conclusión: Aumentar el número de muestras aumentó la positividad de Kato-Katz, lo que puede contribuir a maximizar el control de la enfermedad como problema de Salud Pública.

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença zoonótica de alta letalidade causada por Leishmania infantum nas Américas. No cão infectado, as formas amastigotas são escassas no sangue, principalmente na fase tardia da doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar um caso raro de amastigotas de L. infantum encontradas em neutrófilos do sangue periférico de um cão naturalmente infectado e terminal da LVC, descrevendo também seu estado clínico antes e após o tratamento com miltefosina a 2%. O cão, que se apresentou como polissintomático e com sinais e sintomas clássicos da LVC foi submetido aos seguintes testes: teste rápido Dual Path Platform (DPP), ELISA e exame parasitológico de sangue periférico. Os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos foram obtidos antes e após o tratamento. Todos os testes diagnósticos foram positivos para LVC. A identificação de formas amastigotas de L. infantum, dentro de neutrófilos do sangue periférico foi confirmada por microscopia, e a espécie foi confirmada por análise molecular. Ao final do tratamento, não foi detectada parasitemia periférica, observando-se melhora dos parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Por fim, esse achado atípico pode ser usado como exemplo para levantar discussões sobre o real papel imunológico dos neutrófilos nas fases tardias da LVC e suas implicações clínicas/terapêuticas.

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a zoonotic disease of high lethality caused by Leishmania infantum in the Americas. In the infected dog, the amastigotes are scarce in blood, especially in the late phase of the disease. This study aimed to report a rare case of L. infantum amastigotes found in neutrophils from peripheral blood of a naturally infected dog in terminal phase of CVL, also describing its clinical status before and after treatment with miltefosine 2%. The dog, which presented as polysymptomatic and with classical signs and symptoms of CVL was submitted to the following tests: Dual Path Platform (DPP) rapid test, ELISA and parasitological examination of peripheral blood. Hematological and biochemical parameters were obtained before and after treatment. All diagnostic tests were positive for CVL. The identification of L. infantum amastigotes inside neutrophils from peripheral blood was confirmed through microscopy, and the species was confirmed by molecular analysis. At the end of the treatment, peripheral parasitemia was not detected, and improvements were observed in clinical and laboratorial parameters. Finally, this atypical finding can be used as example to raise discussions about the real immunological role of neutrophils in late phases of CVL and its clinical/therapeutic implications.

Resumo O presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver e implantar um sistema para o monitoramento da barra de pulverizadores, para se obter aquisições de dados de medições da altura vertical da barra, com a finalidade de proporcionar maiores informações no momento da aplicação e facilitar o manuseio da mesma. O ensaio foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado - FCA/ UNESP de Botucatu. Para realizar a pulverização foi utilizado um quadricíclo Honda Fourtrax, equipado com uma barra de pulverização de 3 m trabalhando a uma velocidade média de 6 km h- ¹. A ponta utilizada no ensaio foi a AIXR11002 e o espaçamento entre bicos 0,50 m, totalizando 6 bicos. A barra de pulverização foi posicionada a uma altura de 0,60 m em relação ao solo e em duas situações de terreno: regular e irregular. Analisando a interação dos tratamentos e as condições de trabalho não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos 1 em comparação a o tratamento 4 em relação altura da barra em (cm), em terrenos com obstáculos. Entretanto, os tratamentos 2 e 3 apresentaram menores oscilações verticais da barra. Com isso, na pulverização realizada em superfícies mais planas, há menor movimentação vertical da barra, aumentando assim, a qualidade e eficiência da aplicação. A utilização do sistema eletrônico de monitoramento, apresentou-se eficiente para a utilização durante trabalho, sendo possível realizar as leituras das oscilações verticais da barra, além de avaliar a temperatura e umidade relativa de forma rápida e eficiente.

Abstract The aim of the present work was to develop and implement a system for the monitoring of the sprayer bar to obtain measurements of the vertical height of the bar, in order to provide more information at the moment of application and to facilitate its handling . The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm Lageado - FCA / UNESP of Botucatu. To perform the spraying, a Honda Fourtrax quadricycle was used, equipped with a 3 m spray bar working at an average speed of 6 km h -1. The tip used in the test was the AIXR11002 and the spacing between nozzles 0.50 m, totaling 6 nozzles. The spray bar was positioned at a height of 0.60 m in relation to the ground and in two situations of terrain: regular (little oscillation of bar) and irregular (much oscillation of bar). In this way, the data were collected by sensors and then sent to the arduino, which is a microcontroller, which can be controlled directly by the computer. In addition, oscillation with and without spraying was tested to test possible problems in the operation of the equipment. Analyzing the interaction of the treatments and working conditions of the sprayer bar with and without obstacles, and with and without spraying, there was no significant difference between treatments 1 compared to treatment 4 in relation to bar height in (cm), in terrain with obstacles. However, treatments (Treatment 2) and (Treatment 3) presented lower vertical oscillations of the bar. With this, in the spraying performed on flatter surfaces, there is less vertical movement of the bar, thus increasing the quality and efficiency of the application. The use of the electronic monitoring system, was efficient for the use during work, being possible to realize the readings of the vertical oscillations of the bar, besides evaluating the temperature and relative humidity of fast and efficient form. In all tests, the results of the readings were similar in each treatment, making clear that the information collected by the system are reliable.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis, caused by infection from Schistosoma mansoni, is a disease that represents an important public health problem for Brazil, especially for states in the Northeast region. Thus, the aim of this study is to present a new epidemiological profile for the disease in a municipality with low prevalence in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a coproparasitological and malacological survey. A structured questionnaire was applied to the study participants to survey possible risk factors and a spatial analysis (kernel density) was used to measure the risk of infection. RESULTS: Of the 347 participants, 106 (30.5%) were infected by Schistosoma mansoni, most of them from the urban area of the municipality (68.9%; 73/106). A 3-fold risk of infection was found for individuals living in the urban area and a risk of 2.15 times for self-declared farmers. Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea were the species found in the municipality, but no animals were diagnosed as infected by the parasite. Spatial analysis showed a random distribution of vectors and human cases of the disease, and the formation of two clusters of human cases in the urban area was seen. CONCLUSIONS: A new epidemiological profile for schistosomiasis from S. mansoni infection was presented in a municipality of low endemicity: a high proportion of positive individuals in the urban area; presence of snails without positive diagnosis for S. mansoni infection; random distribution of vectors and human cases; and absence of association between classical risk factors and human infection.

Abstract Insects have several types of sensilla, the characterization of which has been fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of sensory perception in different species. This study aimed to describe the ultrastructure of the sensilla present on the antennae of Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1823) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), an important pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops, as well as their possible variation between sexes. To do this, the antennae of males and females of A. argillacea were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Sensilla morphometry was assessed using photomicrographs, from which the lengths and basal and apical diameters of sensilla were measured using the ImageJ program. Seven types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of A. argillacea: sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla basiconica, and sensilla Böhm bristles. Differences between the sensilla of males and females were found in their lengths and basal diameters in the distal and proximal regions. This suggests that sensilla functionality may not only vary from one species to another, but also between sexes within the same species. Thus, further transmission electron microscopy and single sensillum recording studies may provide more detailed information on the sensilla of A. argillacea and their functions.

Abstract Background Medical education has a major social impact because it ultimately influences the quality and safety of the health service offered to the population. Several studies have acknowledged the relationship between medical knowledge on transfusion medicine and the proper use of this therapy. The rational use of blood has become a worldwide concern. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate medical residents' knowledge on transfusion medicine in hospitals located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and their training during their medical education. Methods One hundred and six residents from eight medical specialties of four hospitals participated. A questionnaire developed by the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) group was applied to evaluate the participants' medical knowledge. Another questionnaire was also applied to evaluate participant profiles regarding frequency of transfusion prescriptions, self-perceived knowledge and relevance of the subject. Results The mean number of correct answers to the questionnaire on knowledge about transfusion practices was 43.5% (range: 15-80%). A relationship between training during medical residency and the obtained result was observed (p-value = 0.0007). Most residents (73%) did not receive training in transfusion medicine during their graduation or residency and 93% would like to receive additional training. Conclusion A clear deficit in the knowledge of transfusion medicine was verified, indicating the need for change in the teaching of this specialty. This result is similar to some developed countries.

Abstract Averrhoa bilimbi L. and A. carambola L., Oxalidaceae, are the only two species of the genus Averrhoa L. Their leaves are widely used in folk medicine as an adjuvant in the treatment of diabetes. Some species may contain, for example, calcium oxalate crystals, which may lead to risk in its use when there is predisposition of individuals with reduced renal activity. Therefore, there are still few studies on the content of oxalic acid present in them, highlighting the importance of this investigation. The objective of this work was to conduct a comparative anatomical and histochemical study between the species and determining its content of oxalic acid. Semipermanent histological slides were prepared, following common plant anatomy procedures, for analysis of the leaflets in optical microscopy, polarization and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. To determine the total, soluble and insoluble oxalate content was used titration with potassium permanganate. The anatomical characterization allowed identifying the characters useful in the differentiation of the species. The histochemistry revealed the location of the metabolites. Chemical microanalyses demonstrated that the crystals are of calcium oxalate. A. carambola presented the highest levels of total oxalate and soluble oxalate. The study assists in the identification and quality control of A. bilimbi and A. carambola and brings new data on its oxalic acid content, which are important, in view of the medicinal use of the species.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever, em cadáver, a técnica de transferência do tendão longo do bíceps para o tratamento da instabilidade anterior do ombro. Nesta técnica, o tendão longo do bíceps braquial é desinserido do tubérculo supraglenoidal e transferido para a borda anterior da cavidade glenoidal, através da tenotomia do subescapular, reproduzindo o efeito tirante e aumentando o batente anterior. A técnica é de fácil execução, minimizando os riscos da transferência do processo coracoide e pode ser uma opção para o tratamento da instabilidade glenoumeral.

ABSTRACT Our objective is to describe the long biceps tendon transfer technique for the treatment of shoulder anterior instability. In this procedure, the long tendon of the biceps brachii is detached from the supraglenoid tubercle and transferred to the anterior edge of the glenoid cavity through a subscapularis tenotomy, reproducing the sling effect and increasing the anterior block. The technique is easy to perform and minimizes the risks of the coracoid process transfer. In conclusion, the transfer of the long tendon of the biceps brachii is an option for the treatment of glenohumeral instability.

Abstract Abstract: In Brazil, there are two species of Artocarpus that were introduced: Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, known as fruta-pão, and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., known as jaca. Both are used as food and medicine. The objective of this work was to conduct a comparative anatomical and histochemical study between A. altilis and A. heterophyllus. Techniques of optical, polarized and scanning electron coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy. The anatomical characterization showed the characters of general occurrence in the family Moraceae and of those that allow the differentiation of A. altilis and A. heterophyllus. The histochemistry revealed the sites of synthesis and/or storage of the metabolites. The chemical microanalyses brought new information about the chemical composition of crystals. The study provides pharmacobotanical data for the quality control of the species.