ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the risk of dysphagia and its association with signs suggestive of sarcopenia, nutritional status and frequency of oral hygiene in the hospitalized elderly. Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study with the participation of 52 elderly patients admitted to a medical clinic at a public hospital in the Federal District, Brazil. The Eating Assessment Tool, Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls + Calf Circumference and the Mini Nutritional Assessment shortform were applied, in addition to the collection of sociodemographic data and health conditions. Results Among the elderly participants, 30.8% were at risk of self-reported dysphagia. The factors associated with the risk of dysphagia were: signs suggestive of sarcopenia (p=0.04), nutritional status (p<0.001) and oral hygiene frequency (p=0.03). Conclusion In the geriatric population of the present study, with the majority of the participants having tested positive for Covid-19, the risk of dysphagia was associated with signs suggestive of sarcopenia, nutritional status and frequency of oral hygiene. crosssectional cross sectional 5 District Brazil Tool Strength walking chair applied conditions 308 30 8 30.8 selfreported self reported p=0.04, p004 p p=0.04 , 0 04 (p=0.04) p<0.001 p0001 001 (p<0.001 p=0.03. p003 p=0.03 . 03 (p=0.03) Covid19, Covid19 Covid 19, 19 Covid-19 3 30. p00 p=0.0 (p=0.04 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 (p=0.03 Covid1 1 Covid-1 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0.0 (p<0.0 Covid- p=0 (p=0. p<0. (p<0. p= (p=0 p<0 (p<0 (p= p< (p< (p

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar o risco de disfagia e sua associação com os sinais sugestivos de sarcopenia, estado nutricional e frequência da higiene oral em idosos hospitalizados. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico com participação de 52 idosos internados em clínica médica de um hospital público no Distrito Federal. Foram aplicados os instrumentos Eating Assessment Tool, Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls + Circunferência da Panturrilha e o Mini Nutritional Assessment shortform além de coleta de dados sociodemográficos e de condições de saúde. Resultados Dos idosos participantes 30,8% apresentaram risco de disfagia autorrelatada. Os fatores associados ao risco de disfagia foram sinais sugestivos sarcopenia (p=0,04), estado nutricional (p<0,001) e frequência da higiene oral (p=0,03). Conclusão Na população geriátrica deste estudo, em sua maioria com Covid-19, o risco de disfagia esteve associado aos sinais sugestivos de sarcopenia, estado nutricional e frequência da higiene oral. hospitalizados Tratase Trata se 5 Federal Tool Strength walking chair saúde 308 30 8 30,8 autorrelatada p=0,04, p004 p p=0,04 , 0 04 (p=0,04) p<0,001 p0001 001 (p<0,001 p=0,03. p003 p=0,03 . 03 (p=0,03) Covid19, Covid19 Covid 19, 19 Covid-19 3 30, p00 p=0,0 (p=0,04 p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 (p=0,03 Covid1 1 Covid-1 p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p<0,0 (p<0,0 Covid- p=0 (p=0, p<0, (p<0, p= (p=0 p<0 (p<0 (p= p< (p< (p

Abstract This study aimed to assess the association between underlying dentin shadows (UDS) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 15-19-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. This population-based cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 1,197 15–19-year-old adolescents attending 31 public and private schools from Santa Maria, Brazil. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to evaluate the OHRQoL, and clinical examinations were performed by two calibrated examiners (intra/interexaminer kappa values for caries examination ≥ 0.80) to diagnose UDS (ICDAS code 4 caries lesions). Sociodemographic information and clinical characteristics (overall caries experience, traumatic dental injury, malocclusion, and gingivitis) were also collected as adjusting variables. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between UDS and OHRQoL. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. The UDS prevalence was 8.8% (n = 106 adolescents). In the adjusted models, adolescents with UDS had poorer OHRQoL than those without UDS, and the strength of the association was dependent on the number of lesions per individual. Individuals with 1-2 UDS had a mean OHIP-14 score 8% higher (RR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.01–1.17) than adolescents without UDS, while those with 3-4 UDS had a mean score 35% higher (RR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.12–1.63). This negative association was related to physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap domains. This study showed that UDS was associated negatively with OHRQoL among 15–19-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. The negative effect of UDS on OHRQoL emphasizes the importance of addressing issues regarding OHRQoL even in the posterior teeth of adolescents. (UDS healthrelated health (OHRQoL 1519yearold yearold 15 19 year old Brazil populationbased population based crosssectional cross sectional 1197 1 197 1,19 15–19yearold 15–19 3 Maria Profile14 Profile 14 Profile-1 OHIP14 OHIP (OHIP-14 intra/interexaminer intrainterexaminer intra interexaminer 0.80 080 0 80 ICDAS lesions. . lesions) overall experience injury malocclusion gingivitis variables RR 95 CI (CI estimated 88 8 8.8 n 10 adolescents) individual 12 2 1- OHIP-1 1.08 108 08 95%CI 95CI 1.01–1.17 101117 01 17 34 3- 35 1.35 135 1.12–1.63. 112163 1.12–1.63 63 1.12–1.63) disability domains 119 1,1 19yearold 1519 15–1 Profile1 Profile- OHIP1 (OHIP-1 0.8 9 8. OHIP- 1.0 1.01–1.1 10111 1.3 13 11216 1.12–1.6 6 11 1, 151 15– (OHIP- 0. 1. 1.01–1. 1011 1121 1.12–1. (OHIP 1.01–1 101 112 1.12–1 1.01– 1.12– 1.01 1.12 1.1

Abstract During oocyte meiosis resumption, a coordinated program of transcript translation and decay machinery promotes a remodeling of mRNA stores, which determines the success of the acquisition of competence and early embryo development. We investigated levels of two genes related to mRNA translation (CPEB1 and CPEB4) and two related to mRNA degradation (CNOT7 and ZFP36L2) machinery and found ZFP36L2 downregulated in in vitro-matured bovine oocytes compared to in vivo counterparts. Thereafter, we tested the effects of a pre-IVM step with NPPC and a modified IVM with AREG on the modulation of members of mRNA translation and degradation pathways in cumulus cells and oocytes. Our data showed a massive upregulation of genes associated with translational and decay processes in cumulus cells, promoted by NPPC and AREG supplementation, up to 9h of IVM. The oocytes were less affected by NPPC and AREG, and even though ZFP36L2 transcript and protein levels were downregulated at 9 and 19h of IVM, only one (KDM4C) from the ten target genes evaluated was differently expressed in these treatments. These data suggest that cumulus cells are more prone to respond to NPPC and AREG supplementation in vitro, regarding translational and mRNA decay programs. Given the important nursing role of these cells, further studies could contribute to a better understanding of the impact of these modulators in maternal mRNA modulation and improve IVM outcomes. resumption stores development CPEB1 CPEB (CPEB CPEB4 CNOT7 CNOT (CNOT ZFPL ZFP L ZFP36L vitromatured vitro matured counterparts Thereafter preIVM pre h KDM4C KDMC KDM C (KDM4C treatments programs outcomes

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la deglución en adultos mayores hospitalizados. Métodos Estudio transversal analítico y observacional. Participaron 52 adultos mayores internados en clínica médica de un hospital público en el Distrito Federal. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Eating Assessment Tool y Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens, además de la recopilación de datos sociodemográficos y condiciones de salud. Resultados De los adultos mayores que participaron, el 30,8 % presentó riesgo de disfagia autoinformada. Los adultos mayores con riesgo de disfagia presentaron un menor puntaje en el dominio “tiempo para alimentarse” y un puntaje más alto en el dominio “salud mental”. El único dominio en el que no hubo una diferencia estadística en el tipo de respuesta de los participantes que presentaron o no riesgo de disfagia fue el del dominio sueño. Entre las variables de los 11 dominios del Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens se observaron mayormente correlaciones positivas en diferentes niveles. Conclusión La calidad de vida relacionada con la deglución de adultos mayores hospitalizados está directamente manifestada con la reducción de la convivencia social, el aumento de tiempo para alimentarse, el miedo y la carga. observacional 5 Federal salud participaron 308 30 8 30, autoinformada alimentarse mental. mental . mental” sueño 1 niveles social carga 3

Abstract Objective To evaluate swallowing-related quality of life in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods Cross-sectional analytical and observational approach was used in our study. Fifty-two elderly patients in a medical clinic of a public hospital in Distrito Federal [Federal District] participated. In addition to collecting sociodemographic and health condition data, the Eating Assessment Tool and the swallowing-related quality of life Questionnaire were applied. Results Of the elderly participants, 30.8% had a self-reported risk of dysphagia. The elderly at risk for dysphagia had lower scores in the “eating duration” domain and higher scores in the “mental health” domain. The only domain in which there was no statistical difference in the response pattern of the participants who were, or were not at risk for dysphagia was the “sleep domain.” Among the variables of the 11 domains of the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire, mostly positive correlations were found, with different degrees. Conclusion The swallowing-related quality of life of hospitalized elderly patients is directly manifested as decreased social interaction, increased eating time, fear to eat, and swallowing as a burden. swallowingrelated related Crosssectional Cross sectional study Fiftytwo Fifty two District participated data applied 308 30 8 30.8 selfreported self reported duration mental sleep 1 found degrees interaction time eat burden 3 30.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição em idosos hospitalizados. Métodos Estudo transversal analítico e observacional. Participaram 52 idosos internados em clínica médica de um hospital público no Distrito Federal. Foram aplicados os instrumentos Eating Assessment Tool e o Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens, além de coleta de dados sociodemográficos e condições de saúde. Resultados Dos idosos participantes 30,8% apresentaram risco de disfagia autorrelatada. Os idosos com risco de disfagia apresentaram menor pontuação no domínio “tempo de se alimentar” e maior pontuação no domínio de “saúde mental”. O único domínio que não houve diferença estatística no padrão de resposta dos participantes que apresentaram ou não risco de disfagia foi o domínio sono. Entre as variáveis dos 11 domínios do Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens foi possível observar correlações positivas em sua maioria com diferentes graus. Conclusão A qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição de idosos hospitalizados está diretamente manifestada com a diminuição do convívio social, aumento do tempo para se alimentar, medo e fardo. observacional 5 Federal saúde 308 30 8 30,8 autorrelatada alimentar mental. mental . mental” sono 1 graus social fardo 3 30,

Abstract A multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of two treatments for deep caries lesions in permanent molars - selective caries removal (SCR) to soft dentin with restoration in a single visit, and stepwise excavation (SW) - regarding pulp vitality for a 5-year follow-up period. The present study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of these treatments. Treatments were conducted in two Brazilian cities (Brasília and Porto Alegre). At baseline, 299 permanent molars (233 patients) were treated and 229 teeth (174 patients) were evaluated after 5 years. The discounted cash flow method was adopted. The total cost of each treatment was calculated, and the failure cost (endodontic treatment + restoration) was added to the final cost, according to the 5-year failure rates of each therapy (20% for SCR and 44% for SW). A public health service unit composed of three dentists in 4-hour work shifts was used to calculate the monetary value of the treatments, assuming a total of 528 treatments/month. Considering the 229 teeth evaluated after 5 years (115 SCR and 114 SW), SCR provided savings of 43% (amalgam) and 41% (resin composite) per treatment, compared to SW. The SCR technique provides benefits for public finances (direct economy) and for public health services (increase in the number of treatments performed). Considering that maximizing profit and reducing costs are powerful motivating factors for adopting a certain treatment, this study provides data to better support the decision-making process, regarding the management of deep caries lesions in permanent molars. multicenter (SCR visit SW (SW 5year year followup follow up period costeffectiveness Brasília Alegre. Alegre . Alegre) baseline 29 233 (23 patients 22 174 (17 adopted calculated endodontic 20% 20 (20 44 SW) 4hour hour 4 52 treatmentsmonth month treatments/month 115 (11 11 SW, , 43 amalgam (amalgam 41 resin composite direct economy increase performed. performed performed) decisionmaking decision making process 2 23 (2 17 (1 1 (

Abstract This study evaluated the association between sense of coherence (SoC) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among conscripts of the Brazilian Army, in two cities of southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study included all 18-19-year-old adolescents who joined the Brazilian Army as draftees for mandatory military service in the cities of Itaqui, RS, and Santiago, RS (n = 505). Data collection was conducted from 2019 to 2021, and included the application of questionnaires and a clinical oral examination to record gingivitis, malocclusion, and dental caries. OHRQoL was collected through the Brazilian short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), composed of 14 questions. The adolescents’ SoC was assessed using the validated Brazilian version of the SOC-13 scale. The primary outcome of this study was OHRQoL, modeled as a discrete variable (OHIP-14 scores). The main predictor variable was SoC, categorized as low, moderate, or high. The association between predictor variables and OHRQoL was assessed by Poisson regression models using a hierarchical approach. Unadjusted and adjusted rate ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. All the analyses were performed using STATA software version 14.2. Adolescents with a moderate and high SoC had 27% (RR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.64–0.84) and 51% (RR = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.41–0.58) lower mean OHIP-14 scores, respectively, than those with a low SoC score, after the inclusion of behavioral and clinical variables. This study showed a significant association between SoC and OHRQoL among 18–19-year-old southern Brazilian adolescents. Strengthening the SoC as a psychosocial resource may improve the well-being and OHRQoL of adolescents. (SoC healthrelated health related (OHRQoL Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 1819yearold yearold 18 19 year old Itaqui Santiago n 505. 505 . 505) 201 2021 gingivitis malocclusion caries OHIP, OHIP , (OHIP) 1 questions SOC13 SOC 13 SOC-1 scale OHIP14 (OHIP-1 scores. scores scores) approach RR, RR (RR) 95 CI (CI estimated 142 2 14.2 27 073 0 73 0.73 95CI 0.64–0.84 064084 64 84 51 049 49 0.49 0.41–0.58 041058 41 58 OHIP-1 respectively score 18–19yearold 18–19 wellbeing well being 50 20 202 (OHIP SOC1 SOC- OHIP1 (OHIP- 9 14. 07 7 0.7 0.64–0.8 06408 6 8 5 04 4 0.4 0.41–0.5 04105 OHIP- 19yearold 1819 18–1 0. 0.64–0. 0640 0.41–0. 0410 181 18– 0.64–0 064 0.41–0 041 0.64– 06 0.41– 0.64 0.41 0.6

Abstract This cohort study assessed the association between toothbrushing frequency and the increment of dental caries and tooth loss in a population-based sample of southern Brazilian adolescents, to investigate whether there is any additional benefit in performing a third daily brushing. At baseline, 1,528 12-year-old schoolchildren attending 42 schools were examined for gingivitis and dental caries, and answered a questionnaire. After a mean period of 2.5 years, 801 schoolchildren were re-examined. Dental caries and tooth loss increment were outcomes of the study. The main predictor variable was toothbrushing frequency (≥3 times/day vs. twice/day or ≤1 time/day). Poisson regression models were used to estimate the risk for caries and tooth loss increment. Incidence risk ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. The final model adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables showed that brushing twice/day afforded 40% greater risk (IRR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.02–1.92) for caries increment than ≥3 times/day. Regarding the tooth loss increment, adolescents who brushed their teeth twice/day had a fourfold greater risk (IRR = 3.92; 95%CI: 1.23–12.49) than those who brushed ≥ 3 times/day. Sex, school type, and gingivitis were found to act as effect modifiers, inasmuch as a third daily brushing presented advantages against tooth loss only for girls, public school attendees, and those with ≥ 50% of bleeding sites. This study suggests that adolescents benefit from a third daily toothbrushing. Increasing brushing frequency to 3 times/day may be a suitable strategy to control dental caries and tooth loss among high-risk adolescents. populationbased population based baseline 1528 1 528 1,52 12yearold yearold 12 year old 4 questionnaire 25 2 5 2. years 80 reexamined. reexamined re examined. re-examined (≥ timesday times day vs twiceday twice ≤ time/day. timeday time/day . time time/day) IRR 95 CI (CI estimated sociodemographic behavioral 40 1.40 140 95%CI 95CI 1.02–1.92 102192 02 92 3.92 392 1.23–12.49 1231249 23 49 Sex type modifiers girls attendees 50 sites highrisk high 152 52 1,5 8 ( 9 1.4 14 1.02–1.9 10219 0 3.9 39 1.23–12.4 123124 15 1, 1. 1.02–1. 1021 3. 1.23–12. 12312 1.02–1 102 1.23–12 1231 1.02– 10 1.23–1 123 1.02 1.23– 1.0 1.23 1.2

Resumen Objetivo investigar y demostrar la asociación entre la evaluación de la autopercepción de la deglución realizada por enfermeros y la clasificación del riesgo de disfagia realizada por el audiólogo en ancianos hospitalizados. Método estudio analítico transversal realizado con la aplicación de los Eating Assessment Tool y del Protocolo de Evaluación del Riesgo de Disfagia por Logopedas en 52 pacientes ancianos de una clínica médica, además de la recogida de datos sociodemográficos y condiciones de salud. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher y la regresión logística para el odds ratio. Resultados hubo asociación (p=0,01) entre la evaluación del enfermero y del logopeda, con odds ratio de un anciano hospitalizado expuesto al riesgo de disfagia por la Eating Assessment Tool presentar una alteración en el Protocolo Logopédico de Evaluación del Riesgo de Disfagia (OR 3,89 IC 95%: 1,10-13,68). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica los hallazgos indican que existe una asociación entre la valoración de enfermería y logopedia en los trastornos de la deglución y que la Enfermería puede actuar en la identificación de riesgos, prevención y rehabilitación en la disfagia. hospitalizados 5 médica salud p=0,01 p001 p 0 01 (p=0,01 logopeda OR 389 3 89 3,8 95% 95 1,1013,68. 1101368 1,10 13,68 . 1 10 13 68 1,10-13,68) riesgos p=0,0 p00 (p=0,0 38 8 3, 9 1013 1,1013,68 110136 110 1,1 1368 13,6 6 1,10-13,68 p=0, p0 (p=0, 101 1,1013,6 11013 11 1, 136 13, 1,10-13,6 p=0 (p=0 1,1013, 1101 1,10-13, p= (p= 1,1013 1,10-13 (p 1,101 1,10-1 1,10-

Abstract Objective to investigate and demonstrate the association between the self-perceived swallowing assessment carried out by nurses and the dysphagia risk classification carried out by speech therapists in hospitalized elderly patients. Method an analytical cross-sectional study using the Eating Assessment Tool and the Speech and Hearing Therapy Protocol for Dysphagia Risk Assessment in 52 elderly patients in a medical clinic, as well as collecting sociodemographic data and health conditions. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression for odds ratios were used for statistical analysis. Results there was an association (p=0.01) between the nurse's assessment and that of the speech therapist, with an odds ratio of a hospitalized elderly person exposed to the risk of dysphagia by the Eating Assessment Tool presenting a change in the Speech Therapy Protocol for Dysphagia Risk Assessment (OR 3.89 95% CI: 1.10-13.68). Conclusion and implications for practice the findings indicate that there is an association between the nurse's assessment and that of the speech therapist in swallowing disorders and that Nursing can act to identify risks, prevent and rehabilitate dysphagia. selfperceived self perceived crosssectional cross sectional 5 clinic conditions Fishers Fisher s analysis p=0.01 p001 p 0 01 (p=0.01 nurse OR 389 3 89 3.8 95 CI 1.1013.68. 1101368 1.10 13.68 . 1 10 13 68 1.10-13.68) risks p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 38 8 3. 9 1013 1.1013.68 110136 110 1.1 1368 13.6 6 1.10-13.68 p=0. p0 (p=0. 101 1.1013.6 11013 11 1. 136 13. 1.10-13.6 p=0 (p=0 1.1013. 1101 1.10-13. p= (p= 1.1013 1.10-13 (p 1.101 1.10-1 1.10-

Resumo Objetivo investigar e demonstrar a associação entre a avaliação de autopercepção da deglutição realizada pelo enfermeiro e a classificação de risco de disfagia realizada pelo fonoaudiólogo em idosos hospitalizados. Método estudo transversal analítico realizado com a aplicação dos instrumentos Eating Assessment Tool e do Protocolo Fonoaudiológico de Avaliação de Risco para Disfagia em 52 idosos em clínica médica, além da coleta de dados sociodemográficos e de condições de saúde. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher e a regressão logística para a razão de chances. Resultados houve a associação (p=0,01) entre a avaliação do enfermeiro e a do fonoaudiólogo, com razão de chances de um idoso hospitalizado exposto ao risco de disfagia pelo Eating Assessment Tool apresentar a alteração no Protocolo Fonoaudiológico de Avaliação do Risco para Disfagia (OR 3,89 IC 95%: 1,10-13,68). Conclusão e implicações para a prática os achados apontam que há uma associação entre a avaliação do enfermeiro e a do fonoaudiólogo nas alterações da deglutição e que a Enfermagem poderá atuar na identificação de riscos, prevenção e reabilitação em disfagia. hospitalizados 5 médica saúde p=0,01 p001 p 0 01 (p=0,01 OR 389 3 89 3,8 95% 95 1,1013,68. 1101368 1,10 13,68 . 1 10 13 68 1,10-13,68) riscos p=0,0 p00 (p=0,0 38 8 3, 9 1013 1,1013,68 110136 110 1,1 1368 13,6 6 1,10-13,68 p=0, p0 (p=0, 101 1,1013,6 11013 11 1, 136 13, 1,10-13,6 p=0 (p=0 1,1013, 1101 1,10-13, p= (p= 1,1013 1,10-13 (p 1,101 1,10-1 1,10-

Abstract This study aimed to assess the relationship between self-perceived neighborhood factors and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents from southern Brazil. A representative sample of 15-19-year-old students from Santa Maria, Brazil, was included. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to assess the OHRQoL. Self-perceived neighborhood factors were assessed through a structured questionnaire and included characteristics of the neighborhood where the adolescents lived, such as the presence of paved streets, tap water, community social networks, and availability of dental services and the Family Health Strategy (FHS). In addition, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical variables (dental caries and malocclusion) were also evaluated. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis with a hierarchical approach was used to assess the association between predictors and OHIP-14. The rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. A total of 1,197 adolescents were included in this study (participation rate: 72.3%). The mean OHIP-14 score was 8.4 (standard error = 0.2), ranging from 0 to 49. Living in residences with unpaved streets (RR = 1.11, 95%CI:1.06−1.17), no tap water (RR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.02−1.20), absence of the FHS services (RR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.09−1.20), and the availability of dental services (RR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.03−1.14) were associated with higher OHIP-14 scores, indicating a poorer OHRQoL. In addition, lower socioeconomic status, visiting the dentist for curative reasons, lower frequency of brushing teeth, and higher sugar consumption were also associated with higher OHIP-14 scores. In conclusion, self-perceived neighborhood characteristics were associated with OHRQoL in adolescents. Adolescents who perceived their neighborhood as deprived had poorer OHRQoL.

Abstract This study investigated the association between the city region and traumatic dental injury (TDI) among adolescents from Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to November 2018, which included a representative sample of adolescents (15-19-year-old) attending public and private high schools. A questionnaire on sociodemographic information was sent to the parents/legal guardians of the selected adolescents. TDI in the upper and lower permanent incisors and canines was recorded based on the O’Brien classification. Environmental variables (sociodemographic and structural characteristics of the neighborhoods) were obtained from official publications. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used, and prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A total of 1,146 adolescents participated in this study. The overall prevalence of TDI was 17.3%, mild trauma was 12.7%, and severe trauma was 5.8%. Adolescents living in the southern region had a prevalence of TDI of 25.3%, compared with 13.6% in the northern region. After adjusting for important cofactors, adolescents living in the southern region were more likely to have TDI than their counterparts in the northern region (PR, 1.91; 95%CI: 1.18-3.11; p = 0.009). Analyzing the number of environmental risk indicators in different regions, the southern region presented a higher mean and median than all other regions. In conclusion, living in the southern region was associated with a higher prevalence and severity of TDI among adolescents from Santa Maria, southern Brazil. Our findings suggest the role of the environment in the epidemiology of TDI.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o volume residual em frascos-ampola, após o preparo de injetáveis, associando os erros relacionados a subdoses com as classes dos medicamentos. Método: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados no período de dezembro de 2020 a setembro de 2021, em um serviço ambulatorial privado de um município brasileiro localizado a nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Foram analisados 562 frascos-ampola de medicamentos preparados pela equipe de enfermagem. Utilizou-se formulário contendo o nome comercial do medicamento, classe/indicação terapêutica, data e horário de reconstituição, volume utilizado para reconstituição do medicamento e volume residual de cada frasco. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados por estatística descritiva e teste ANOVA. Resultados: 462 (82,2%) frascos-ampola continham volume residual que variou de 0,1 ml a 1,5 ml e 165 (29,4%) continham 0,2 ml de solução residual, com perda média de 4,5% da solução. Não houve diferença na perda de solução entre as diferentes classes de medicamentos. Conclusão: Os achados destacam a necessidade de intervenções para a redução de falhas, nas fases de preparo dos medicamentos, com ênfase nos erros associados às subdosagens terapêuticas.

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the residual volume in ampoule-vials after the preparation of injectables, associating the errors related to underdosing with the classes of drugs. Method: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected between December 2020 and September 2021, in a private outpatient service located in a Brazilian municipality in the northeast of the state of São Paulo. A total of 562 ampoule-vials of medications prepared by a nursing staff were analyzed. A form was used containing the commercial name of the medication, therapeutic class/indication, reconstitution date and time, volume used to reconstitute the medication and residual volume of each vial. The data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the ANOVA test. Results: the residual volume of 462 (82.2%) ampoule-vials varied between 0.1 ml and 1.5 ml, whereas 165 (29.4%) ampoule-vials had 0.2 ml of residual volume, with a mean loss of 4.5% of the solution. There was no difference in the loss of solution between the different classes of drugs. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for interventions to reduce failures in the medication preparation phases, with emphasis on errors associated with therapeutic underdosing.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar volúmenes residuales en frascos ampolla luego de prepararse inyectables, asociando los errores relacionados a subdosificaciones con las clases de los medicamentos. Método: Estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativo. Datos recolectados entre diciembre de 2020 y setiembre de 2021 en servicio ambulatorio privado de un municipio brasileño del noreste del Estado de São Paulo. Fueron analizados 562 frascos ampolla de medicamentos preparados por el equipo de enfermería. Se utilizó formulario, consignando nombre comercial del medicamento, clase/indicación terapéutica, fecha y hora de reconstitución, volumen utilizado para reconstituir el medicamento y volumen residual de cada frasco. Los datos fueron tabulados y analizados por estadística descriptiva y test ANOVA. Resultados: 462 (82,2%) frascos ampolla contenían volumen residual de entre 0,1 ml y 1,5 ml, y 165 (29,4%) contenían 0,2 ml de solución residual, con una pérdida media del 4,5% de solución. No se observó diferencia de pérdida de solución entre las diferentes clases de medicamentos. Conclusión: Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de intervenciones para reducir fallos en las fases de preparación de medicamentos, haciendo énfasis en los errores asociados con subdosificaciones terapéuticas.

Abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy of fluoride gel in arresting active non-cavitated caries lesions in permanent teeth. This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial randomized 100 schoolchildren aged 10.7 ± 2.2 years to test treatment (1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride [APF] gel) or control treatment (placebo gel) for 4–6 applications at weekly intervals. Data collection included the visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, visible plaque accumulation on the occlusal surfaces, eruption stage, and dental caries. The association between group and lesion arrestment was assessed using logistic regression, and estimates were adjusted for plaque accumulation over the lesion at baseline, surface type, and tooth type. Models were fitted using generalized estimating equations for accounting for the clustering of data (i.e., the same individual contributed > 1 lesion). Ninety-eight children completed the study (48 fluoride and 50 placebo). When all dental surfaces were analyzed, the likelihood of lesion arrestment was similar between both groups (p > 0.05). A secondary analysis including only the occlusal lesions in molars showed that for teeth under eruption, lesions receiving the 1.23% APF gel were about 3-fold more likely to become arrested than lesions receiving the placebo gel (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.23–6.61; p = 0.01). No significant difference was detected for molars with complete eruption (p > 0.05). The benefit of fluoride gel for arresting non-cavitated caries lesions could not be identified by clinical assessment in this short-term trial. Notwithstanding, when the cariogenic challenge was greater (as on the occlusal surfaces of erupting molars), 1.23% APF gel treatment was an important tool for caries control.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Migrânea é um tipo de cefaleia primária e sua fisiopatologia permanece incompleta. A relação entre o sono e a migrânea é facilmente identificada pelos pacientes migranosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre privação de sono e a migrânea. CONTEÚDO: Foi feita uma busca por artigos utilizando os termos: “migraine” e “sleep deprivation” nas bases de dados Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (LILACS e IBECS) e Scielo. A primeira análise foi feita com base no título e no resumo. Nos casos em que o título e o resumo não foram esclarecedores, o artigo foi acessado na íntegra. Após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, restaram 49 artigos. Estes artigos foram analisados e organizados em duas tabelas: uma destinada aos artigos que tratavam o sono como um gatilho e a outra com artigos que exploravam a relação fisiopatológica entre sono e migrânea. CONCLUSÃO: É possível que a privação do sono provoque ou agrave as crises de migrânea devido a sua capacidade de causar estresse oxidativo no cérebro, que ativa receptores TRPA1 localizados nos neurônios trigeminais de 1a ordem. A ativação destes receptores inicia o processo de sensibilização do sistema trigeminal que culmina com a liberação antidrômica de peptídeo relacionado ao gene da calcitonina nos aferentes durais destes neurônios no gânglio trigeminal. A relação da insônia com a migrânea parece confluir para este mesmo processo fisiopatológico, já que a privação de sono imposta pela insônia seria capaz de gerar a crise migranosa através do aumento do estresse oxidativo.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Migraine is a type of primary headache, and its pathophysiology remains incomplete. The relationship between sleep and migraine is easily identified by migraine patients. The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship between sleep deprivation and migraine. CONTENTS: A search was made for articles using the terms: “migraine” and “sleep deprivation” in the Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (Virtual Health Library - LILACS and IBECS) and Scielo databases. The first analysis was based on title and abstract. In cases where the title and abstract were not clear, the article was accessed in its entirety. After applying the exclusion criteria, 49 articles remained. These articles were analyzed and organized into two tables: one for articles that treated sleep as a trigger and the other for articles that explored the pathophysiological relationship between sleep and migraine. CONCLUSION: It is possible that sleep deprivation causes or worsens migraine crisis due to its ability to cause oxidative stress in the brain. This in turn activates TRPA1 receptors located on first-order trigeminal neurons. Activation of these receptors initiates the sensitization process of the trigeminal system that culminates with the antidromic release of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the dural afferents of these neurons in the trigeminal ganglion. The relationship between insomnia and migraine seems to converge with this same pathophysiological process, since sleep deprivation imposed by insomnia would be able to generate a migraine crisis through increased oxidative stress.

Resumo Tendo em vista a rápida disseminação do novo coronavírus no sistema prisional, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos identificar aglomerados espaciais para ocorrência da COVID-19 na população privada de liberdade (PPL) e analisar a tendência temporal dos casos confirmados no sistema penitenciário do Brasil. Estudo ecológico que considerou como unidades de análise as cinco macrorregiões do Brasil, seus 26 estados e o Distrito Federal. A população foi composta por todos os casos de COVID-19 confirmados, no período de 14 de abril a 31 de agosto de 2020. A fonte de dados utilizada foi o Painel de Monitoramento dos casos de COVID-19 nos sistemas prisionais do Departamento Penitenciário Nacional. Realizou-se análise descritiva, estatística de varredura e análise da tendência temporal. Foram notificados 18.767 casos de COVID-19 na PPL, dos quais 4.724 ocorreram no estado de São Paulo. A estatística de varredura possibilitou a identificação de 14 clusters espaciais de risco para COVID-19 na PPL, sendo o aglomerado de maior risco formado pelo Distrito Federal. Embora o país finalize a série com um comportamento decrescente, observa-se que no período de investigação a tendência apresentou um comportamento maioritariamente crescente. Evidencia-se a necessidade de testagem em massa, monitoramento e registro contínuo dos casos de COVID-19 na PPL do país.

Abstract Given the rapid spread of new coronavirus within the prison system, this study’s objective was to identify spatial clusters for the occurrence of COVID-19 in the incarcerated population and analyze temporal trends of confirmed cases in the Brazilian prison system. This ecological study considered the five Brazilian macro-regions to be units of analysis, with its 26 states and the Federal District. The population was composed of all COVID-19 cases confirmed from April 14th to August 31st, 2020. The source used to collect data was the COVID-19 Monitoring Panel from the National Prison Department. Descriptive analysis, scan statistics, and time series were performed. A total of 18,767 COVID-19 cases were reported among the incarcerated population, 4,724 in São Paulo. The scan statistic analysis resulted in 14 spatial risk clusters for COVID-19 among persons deprived of liberty; the highest-risk cluster was in the Federal District. Although the country ends the series with a decreasing behavior, a growing trend was verified in most of the study period. The conclusion is that there is a need to implement mass testing among the incarcerated population while continually monitoring and recording COVID-19 cases.

Abstract: This longitudinal study aimed to assess the association between the use of fixed orthodontic appliances and the incidence/increment of active caries lesions in adolescents and young adults over a one-year period. A total of 135 10-30-year-old individuals were divided into two groups: Group G0 was composed of individuals who required orthodontic treatment, but who did not undergo fixed orthodontic therapy over the study period (n=70); Group G1 was composed of individuals who used a fixed orthodontic appliance for 1 year (n=65). Data collection included a questionnaire and clinical oral examinations (plaque index, gingival index, and dental caries index), performed at baseline and after 1 year. Caries examination was performed by a single calibrated examiner, after tooth cleaning and drying, and included the recording of non-cavitated and cavitated, inactive and active lesions of all tooth surfaces. Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between the group and the following study outcomes: incidence (binary variable) and increment (counting variable). The incidence of active caries lesions was 4.8% in G0 and 39.6% in G1. The mean increment of active caries lesions was 0.14 in G0 and 0.61 in G1. G1 showed a greater risk of developing active caries lesions than G0 (incidence analysis, adjusted IRR=9.48, 95%CI=2.62-34.30; increment analysis, adjusted IRR=4.13; 95%CI=1.94-8.79). In conclusion, this study showed that individuals undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy for 1 year had a significantly higher incidence and increment of active caries lesions than those without a fixed appliance.