Abstract: Throughout history, deaf people have been denied access to the natural sciences either due to a late consensus on how they should communicate, or because of the limiting belief that they did not possess the required skills. This article discusses the importance of developing new scientific terms and signs for the field of science. We conducted exploratory qualitative research, looking at signed terms to ensure the fidelity of the concepts addressed in a science center's traveling show. As a result, we found a scarcity of signs for many of the concepts that were addressed, as well as lack of standardization among those that are available and in use. We conclude that greater collaboration among research groups is required for the development of science glossaries in the Brazilian sign language so that deaf people can obtain information more easily. Abstract history communicate skills centers center s show result use easily

Resumo: Ao longo da história, os surdos foram privados do acesso às áreas das ciências da natureza, seja pelo tardio consenso quanto à forma como deveriam se comunicar, seja pela crença limitante de que não estavam aptos para tais habilidades. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a importância da criação de novos sinais e termos científicos para a área das ciências. Realizamos uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, na qual buscamos sinais e termos de modo a manter a fidelidade dos conceitos abordados na exposição de um centro de ciências itinerante. Como resultado, encontramos uma escassez de sinais de parte considerável dos conceitos tratados e a falta de padronização entre os que estão disponíveis e em uso. Concluímos que é necessário maior unidade entre grupos de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento de glossários de ciências em Língua Brasileira de Sinais para que os surdos possam abstrair o conhecimento mais facilmente. Resumo história natureza comunicar habilidades qualitativa itinerante resultado uso facilmente

Abstract Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has established itself as the preferential strategy to approach severe aortic stenosis. Information on procedural improvements and nationwide results obtained with the technique throughout the past decade are unknown. Objectives To assess the temporal variation of the demographic profile, procedural characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI procedures at the Rede D’Or São Luiz. Methods Observational registry comprising 29 national institutions, comparing the characteristics of the TAVI procedures performed from 2012 to 2017 (Group 1) to those performed from 2018 to 2023 (Group 2). The statistical significance level adopted was p < 0.05. Results This study assessed 661 patients, 95 in Group 1 and 566 in Group 2, with a mean age of 81.1 years. Group 1 patients had a higher prevalence of New York Heart Association functional class III or IV and STS risk score > 8%. In addition, they more often underwent general anesthesia, transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring, and access through femoral dissection. Group 2 patients had a higher success rate of the TAVI procedure (95.4% versus 89.5%; p = 0.018), lower mortality (3.9% versus 11.6%; p = 0.004), and less often needed permanent pacemaker implantation (8.5% versus 17.9%; p = 0.008). Conclusions The 10-year temporal trends analysis of the TAVIDOR Registry shows a reduction in patients’ clinical complexity over time. Furthermore, the advance to minimalistic implantation techniques, added to the technological evolution of the devices, may have contributed to the favorable outcomes observed among those whose implantation occurred in the last 5 years studied. (TAVI stenosis unknown profile inhospital hospital DOr D Or Luiz institutions 201 202 2. . 2) 005 0 05 0.05 66 9 56 811 81 81. 8 8% addition anesthesia monitoring dissection 95.4% 954 4 (95.4 89.5% 895 89 0.018, 0018 0.018 , 018 0.018) 3.9% 39 3 (3.9 11.6% 116 11 6 0.004, 0004 0.004 004 0.004) 8.5% 85 (8.5 17.9% 179 17 0.008. 0008 0.008 008 0.008) 10year year 10 time Furthermore techniques devices studied 20 00 0.0 95.4 (95. 89.5 001 0.01 01 3.9 (3. 11.6 000 0.00 8.5 (8. 17.9 0. 95. (95 89. 3. (3 11. 8. (8 17. (9 (

Resumo Fundamento O implante percutâneo de bioprótese valvar aórtica (TAVI) consolidou-se como opção terapêutica da estenose aórtica de grau importante. Dados sobre as características evolutivas dos procedimentos e dos resultados obtidos com a técnica ao longo da última década, em escala nacional, são desconhecidos. Objetivos Analisar a tendência temporal referente ao perfil demográfico, características dos procedimentos e desfechos hospitalares de pacientes submetidos a TAVI na Rede D’Or São Luiz. Métodos Registro observacional envolvendo 29 instituições nacionais. Comparou-se características dos procedimentos realizados de 2012 a 2017 (Grupo 1) e de 2018 a 2023 (Grupo 2). Foram considerados significantes os resultados com valor de p < 0,05. Resultados Foram analisados 661 casos, 95 pertencentes ao Grupo 1 e 566 ao Grupo 2. A média de idade foi 81,1 anos. Observou-se no Grupo 1 maior prevalência de pacientes em classe funcional III ou IV e escore de risco > 8%. Foi mais frequente o emprego de anestesia geral, monitorização ecocardiográfica transesofágica e via de acesso por dissecção. Maior taxa de sucesso do procedimento (95,4% versus 89,5%; p = 0,018) foi aferida em implantes efetivados a partir de 2018, assim como menor mortalidade (3,9% versus 11,6%; p = 0,004) e necessidade de marcapasso definitivo (8,5% versus 17,9%; p = 0,008). Conclusões A análise temporal de 10 anos do Registro TAVIDOR demonstra uma queda na complexidade clínica dos pacientes. Além disso, o avanço para técnicas de implante minimalistas, somadas à evolução tecnológica dos dispositivos, podem ter contribuído para desfechos favoráveis dentre aqueles cujo implante ocorreu no último quinquênio. (TAVI consolidouse consolidou se importante década nacional desconhecidos demográfico DOr D Or Luiz 2 nacionais Comparouse Comparou 201 202 . 2) 005 0 05 0,05 66 casos 9 56 811 81 81, Observouse Observou 8 8% geral dissecção 95,4% 954 4 (95,4 89,5% 895 89 5 0,018 0018 018 3,9% 39 3 (3,9 11,6% 116 11 6 0,004 0004 004 8,5% 85 (8,5 17,9% 179 17 0,008. 0008 0,008 008 0,008) disso minimalistas dispositivos quinquênio 20 00 0,0 95,4 (95, 89,5 0,01 001 01 3,9 (3, 11,6 0,00 000 8,5 (8, 17,9 0, 95, (95 89, 3, (3 11, 8, (8 17, (9 (

Resumo A ética é essencial para garantir uma prática médica responsável e comprometida com o bem-estar do paciente e da sociedade. Diante disso, a compreensão da autonomia do paciente e sua participação ativa nas decisões sobre tratamentos e procedimentos médicos são fundamentais. Realizou-se revisão sistemática da literatura, entre dezembro de 2018 e maio de 2023, com o objetivo de auxiliar o debate ético e a conduta profissional acerca do que deve ser ponderado em uma situação de conflito entre a decisão médica e a vontade do paciente e, assim, fornecer perspectivas sobre o gerenciamento dessa temática. Os 18 artigos selecionados abordam questões éticas relacionadas à relação médico-paciente, destacando a importância das diretivas antecipadas de vontade, comunicação honesta e respeito à autonomia do paciente. Assim, busca-se fornecer perspectivas e orientações para o gerenciamento de conflitos éticos na prática médica. bemestar bem estar sociedade disso fundamentais Realizouse Realizou se literatura 201 2023 assim temática 1 médicopaciente, médicopaciente médico paciente, médico-paciente Assim buscase busca 20 202 2

Abstract Ethics is essential to ensure responsible medical practice, committed to the well-being of patients and society. Hence, understanding patient autonomy and their active participation in decisions about treatments and medical procedures is paramount. A systematic literature review was conducted on articles published between December 2008 and May 2023 to assist in the ethical debate and professional conduct about what should be considered in a conflict between the medical decision and the patient’s wishes, and thus provide perspectives on how to manage this issue. The 18 articles selected address ethical issues related to physician-patient relations, highlighting the importance of advance directives, honest communication and respect for patient autonomy. We aim to provide perspectives and guidelines for managing ethical conflicts in medical practice. practice wellbeing well being society Hence paramount 200 202 s wishes issue 1 physicianpatient physician relations directives 20 2

Resumen La ética es esencial para garantizar una práctica médica responsable y comprometida con el bienestar de los pacientes y la sociedad. Así, es fundamental comprender la autonomía del paciente y su participación activa en las decisiones sobre tratamientos y procedimientos médicos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura entre diciembre de 2018 y mayo de 2023, con el objetivo de aportar al debate ético y la conducta profesional sobre lo que debe considerarse en una situación de conflicto entre la decisión médica y la voluntad del paciente, y así proporcionar perspectivas sobre la gestión de este tema. Los 18 artículos seleccionados abordan cuestiones éticas sobre la relación médico-paciente, destacando la importancia de las voluntades anticipadas, la comunicación honesta y el respeto a la autonomía del paciente. Así, se espera ofrecer perspectivas y directrices para gestionar los conflictos éticos en la práctica médica. sociedad Así médicos 201 2023 tema 1 médicopaciente, médicopaciente médico médico-paciente anticipadas 20 202 2

Resumo: Objetivo Neste estudo validamos uma ferramenta para avaliar e monitorar riachos para subsidiar pesquisas, monitoramento para gestão e ciência cidadã. Nosso principal objetivo foi (i) proporcionar melhorias e adaptações do Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida (PAR) proposto por Cionek et al. (2011), criando uma nova versão do PAR e então (ii) avaliar a associação entre os escores do PAR e parâmetros limnológicos. Métodos O PAR foi adaptado para riachos que drenam por formação geológica arenítica, e o processo de validação final foi realizado em 30 riachos. Utilizamos modelos lineares e análise de correlação para entender a associação dos escores de PAR com parâmetros limnológicos e físicos no riacho (n=30) e concentrações de nutrientes na água (n=9), respectivamente. Dois parâmetros foram ajustados de acordo com o julgamento de nossos profissionais, que fornecem feedback de aplicação desde 2011. Resultados As pontuações do PAR explicaram 29% da variabilidade das características limnológicas e físicas dos riachos. Os riachos com pontuações mais altas foram aqueles com maior oxigênio dissolvido e profundidade. Os riachos com pontuações mais baixas foram aqueles com maiores larguras, condutividade e turbidez. Os riachos com maiores cargas de ortofosfato e amônio foram aqueles com predominância de regimes de fluxo lento e raso, enquanto os riachos com maior concentração de nitrato foram aqueles com canais retilíneos. Os indicadores limnológicos e físicos apresentam a mesma tendência de indicação de qualidade dos ecossistemas (degradação ou preservação), mas são complementares porque avaliam características distintas do sistema. Conclusões O PAR adaptado para os riachos do Arenito Caiuá fornece uma boa interpretação sobre as características físicas do habitat dos riachos e pode ser usado tanto como uma ferramenta única de diagnóstico e monitoramento ambiental ou como uma ferramenta complementar juntamente com parâmetros limnológicos e bióticos. Resumo pesquisas cidadã i (i (PAR al 2011, 2011 , (2011) ii (ii arenítica 3 n=30 n30 n (n=30 n=9, n9 n=9 9 (n=9) respectivamente profissionais 29 profundidade larguras turbidez raso retilíneos degradação preservação, preservação preservação) sistema bióticos 201 (2011 n=3 n3 (n=3 n= (n=9 2 20 (201 (n= (20 (n (2 (

Abstract: Aim In this study we validated a tool to assess and monitor streams ecosystems to subsidize future research, governmental surveillance and citizen science activities. Our primary objective was to (i) provide improvements and adaptations of the Rapid Assessment Protocol (RAP) proposed by Cionek et al. (2011) and provide a new RAP, and then (ii) evaluate the association among the RAP scores and limnological parameters. Methods The RAP was adapted to streams draining through a sandstone geological formation, and the final validation process was conducted in 30 streams. We used linear models and correlation analysis to understand the association of the RAP scores with in-stream limnological and physical parameters (n=30) and nutrient concentrations in the water (n=9), respectively. Two parameters have been adjusted according to our professional’s judgment which have provided feedback since 2011. Results The RAP scores explained 29% of the variability of in-stream limnological and physical characteristics of the streams. Streams with higher RAP scores were those with higher dissolved oxygen and higher depths. Streams with lower RAP scores were those with higher widths, conductivity, and turbidity. Streams with higher orthophosphate and ammonium loads were those with the predominance of slow and shallow flow regimes, while streams with higher nitrate concentration were those with straight channels. Limnological and physical indicators showed the same tendency of ecosystems quality (degradation or preservation), and yet are complementary because they evaluate distinct features of the system. Conclusions The RAP adapted for the Arenito Caiuá streams provide a good interpretation on the physical habitat features of streams and can be used both as a single diagnostic and monitoring environmental tool or a complementary tool along with limnological and biotic parameters. Abstract research activities i (i (RAP al 2011 (2011 ii (ii formation 3 instream stream n=30 n30 n (n=30 n=9, n9 n=9 , 9 (n=9) respectively professionals professional s 29 depths widths conductivity turbidity regimes channels degradation preservation, preservation preservation) system 201 (201 n=3 n3 (n=3 n= (n=9 2 20 (20 (n= (2 (n (

Abstract Purpose Hierarchically superior bodies develop normative instructions to induce the diffusion of innovations, stimulating the adoption of management practices in supervised public bodies and seeking public administration efficiency increase. Despite this, the effectiveness of these normative instructions is unknown, as well as its inducing and lasting effects in the diffusion of these innovations, especially in Brazil. This study aims to understand the effects of normative induction. Design/methodology/approach The adoption of risk management, integrity & ethics and information security practices was evaluated over a decade (2009 to 2019), including the adoption behavior of more than 200 Brazilian federal agencies. Public open data were collected and analyzed with multinomial logistic regression. Findings The normative instructions’ effectiveness in propagating the evaluated practices is remarkable; however, its mere development by the superior bodies cannot be considered enough since the general adoption index can be considered good but not excellent. No evaluated practice reached a saturation level above 75%. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to bringing the international literature’s generic knowledge on the adoption of innovation to the specific Brazilian public administration context, providing insightful implications for policymakers, public managers and researchers. Practical implications This work is unique, as it systematically analyzes multiple innovation adoption and presents excellent opportunities for future researchers by reproducing all scripts and automation developed. Furthermore, all data are available and hosted on public platforms with detailed steps and documentation. Social implications The use of open data from governmental sources allows enhanced transparency and the discovery of affecting variables while observing innovation adoption in the public administration. Originality/value The presence of normative instructions and their adoption rate is rarely measured in the Brazilian public administration.

RESUMO - RACIONAL: O Tumor estromal gastrointestinal (Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - GIST) é a neoplasia mesenquimal mais comum do trato digestivo, possui comportamento biológico variado e a principal forma de tratamento é a ressecção cirúrgica. OBJETIVO: analisar as características clínico-patológicas e a sobrevida de pacientes com GIST em uma instituição de referência para doenças oncológicas. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, longitudinal e retrospectivo de pacientes com diagnóstico de GIST de janeiro de 2011 a janeiro de 2020, analisando variáveis epidemiológicas e clínicas, estadiamento, ressecção cirúrgica, recidiva, uso de imatinibe e curvas de sobrevida global (SG) e sobrevida livre de doença (SLD). RESULTADOS: foram incluídos 38 pacientes, a maioria (58%) do sexo masculino, idade mediana de 62 anos. Os principais órgãos primários foram estômago (63%) e intestino delgado (17%). 24% tinham doença metastática ao diagnóstico. 76% receberam tratamento cirúrgico e 13% tratamento neoadjuvante. 47% dos pacientes receberam Imatinib como terapia adjuvante ou paliativa. A recorrência tumoral foi de 13%, mais comum no fígado. SG de 5 anos foi de 72,5% e SLD 47,1%. Os operados tiveram melhor SG (87,1% vs. 18,5%) e SLD (57,1% vs. 14,3%) em 5 anos. O tamanho do tumor igual ou maior que 5 cm não teve diferença na SG em 5 anos, mas SLD foi de 24,6%, em comparação com 92,3% dos tumores menores. Pacientes em terapia neoadjuvante e/ou em uso de imatinibe não apresentaram diferenças significativas. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento cirúrgico com margens adequadas permite o melhor ganho de sobrevida, e o uso de Imatinibe em casos mais avançados tem equidade prognóstica com tumores em estágio menos avançado. O tratamento de tumores metastáticos parece promissor, necessitando de mais estudos.

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the digestive tract and has a wide variation in biological behavior; surgical resection remains the main form of treatment. AIM: This study aimed to analyze clinicopathological characteristics and survival of patients with GIST in a reference institution for oncological diseases. METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study of patients diagnosed with GIST from January 2011 to January 2020 was carried out by analyzing epidemiological and clinical variables, staging, surgical resection, recurrence, use of imatinib, and curves of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: A total of 38 patients were included. The majority (58%) of patients were males and the median age was 62 years. The primary organs that were affected by this tumor were stomach (63%) and small intestine (17%). Notably, 24% of patients had metastatic disease at diagnosis; 76% of patients received surgical treatment and 13% received neoadjuvant treatment; and 47% of patients received imatinib as adjuvant or palliative therapy. Tumor recurrence was 13%, being more common in the liver. The 5-year OS was 72.5% and DFS was 47.1%. The operated ones had better OS (87.1% vs. 18.5%) and DFS (57.1% vs. 14.3%) in 5 years. Tumor size ≥5 cm had no difference in OS at 5 years, but DFS was 24.6%, when compared with 92.3% of smaller tumors. Patients who were undergoing neoadjuvant therapy and/or using imatinib did not show any significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment with adequate margins allows the best gain in survival, and the use of imatinib in more advanced cases has prognostic equity with less advanced-stage tumors. Treatment of metastatic tumors seems promising, requiring further studies.

Abstract Analyses of potential sources and products that aim to balance nutrients in soil and plants; improve physical, mineral, and biological attributes of soil; and reduce environmental impacts require greater attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of organomineral fertilizers (OMFs) in Atlantic potato cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with four treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of NPK mineral fertilizers (recommended according to soil analysis and nutritional crop requirements) as a control and NPK plus OMF according to composition and form of application (planting, ridging, and leaf), referred to as managements A and B, which indicate the amount of nutrients that the plants received. Therefore, treatments with OMF were designated as follows: P-OMF(A): organomineral fertilizer management applied through the planting furrow; PR-OMF (B): organomineral fertilizer management applied through the planting and ridging, and PR-OMF (B) + L-OMF (B): organomineral fertilizer management applied through the planting and ridging and by leaf application. The applications of P-OMF (A) and PR-OMF (B) + L-OMF (B) resulted in positive effects on special class production and total productivity of Atlantic potato tubers, which increased by 12% to 16% and 11% to 15.5%, respectively. The application of PR-OMF (B) + L-OMF (B) improved the soluble solid content by 2.7% compared to the control (absence of OMF application). Therefore, organomineral fertilizers have the potential to improve the quantitative and qualitative attributes of potatoes.

Resumen El análisis de las posibles fuentes y productos que apuntan a equilibrar los nutrientes en el suelo y las plantas, mejorar los atributos físicos, minerales y biológicos del suelo y reducir los impactos ambientales necesitan más atención. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia agronómica de los fertilizantes organominerales (OMF) en papa, cultivar Atlantic. El diseño experimental fue un bloque completo aleatorizado, con cuatro tratamientos y seis repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en el control -fertilizantes minerales NPK (recomendado de acuerdo con el análisis del suelo y los requerimientos nutricionales del cultivo); y NPK más OMF de acuerdo con: composición y forma de aplicación (plantación, crestas y hojas), que fue llamado a lo manejo A y B. Lo manejo A y B se relaciona con las tasas de nutrientes que recibieron las plantas. Por lo tanto, los tratamientos con OMF se designaron como: P-OMF (A): manejo de fertilizantes organominerales (A) aplicado en el surco de siembra; PR-OMF (B): manejo de fertilizantes organominerales (B) aplicada en la siembra y la formación de surcos y PR-OMF + L-OMF (C): manejo de fertilizantes organominerales (B) aplicada en la siembra, la formación de surcos y la aplicación de hojas. Las aplicaciones de P-OMF (A) y PR- PR-OMF (B)+ L-OMF (B) dan como resultado una acción positiva para la producción de Clase Especial y la productividad total de los tubérculos del cultivar Atlantic, con incrementos entre 12 y 16% y 11 a 15.5%, respectivamente. La aplicación de PR-OMF (B)+ L-OMF (B) mejora en un 2.7% el contenido de sólidos solubles, en comparación con la ausencia de aplicación de OMF. Por lo tanto, los fertilizantes organominerales presentan potencial para mejorar los atributos cuantitativos y cualitativos de las papas.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of grasses in sewage sludge (SS) with aeration has the potential for stabilization of sludge organic matter in the production of organic fertilizer. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cultivation of Urochloa brizantha and Pennisetum purpureum under aerated system on the chemical and biological attributes of SS to obtain a matured organic fertilizer. The study was conducted in a randomized block design in a 2x2+2 factorial scheme with four replications. Factors consisted of cultivation of P. purpureum or U. brizantha in SS, with or without intermittent aeration. Control treatments were SS without cultivation, with or without aeration. Sewage sludge was collected in layers and the chemical and microbial attributes were evaluated. There was no significant difference between treatments for grass dry matter. The C/N ratio was not matched with organic fertilizer stabilization due to similar losses of C and N (~7%). However, microbial activity was reduced in the presence of plant cultivation demonstrating improvement in the properties of the organic fertilizer produced. Through uni- and multivariate analysis, organic fertilizer produced from SS aerated and cultivated with P. purpureum showed matured organic matter.

Abstract Ontogenetic shifts in food preference reduces intraspecific competition as immature individuals eat different food types than adults. This diet plasticity could facilitate species’ ability to successfully invade and establish itself in a new environment, even when co-occurring with phylogenetically close species. Here, ontogenetic diet shifts of a non-native piranha species (Serrasalmus marginatus) was tested by analyzing the relationship between its body length and the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures. Carbon stable isotope was not correlated to fish length, but positive significant correlation between δ15N values and fish length was found for the non-native piranha. Also, immature and adult S. marginatus showed low isotopic niche overlap. The correlation between fish length and δ15N, and the low trophic overlap between immature and adult, indicate that the non-native S. marginatus had ontogenetic shifts in food preference, which may be viewed as an additional mechanism underlying its successful establishment in the upper Paraná River. Our findings indicate that ontogenetic shifts in food preference may be an invasive trait that facilitates the establishment of non-native fish species in tropical aquatic systems.

Abstract Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the sixth leading causes of death worldwide; monitoring them is fundamental, especially in patients with disorders like chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs). The study aimed to describe the ADRs investigating their severity and associated factors and resulting interventions in pediatric patients with CRDs. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study was conducted on a cohort of children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). The study evaluated medical records of the patients to determine the causality and the management of ADRs. In order to investigate the risk factors that would increase the risk of ADRs, a logistic regression model was carried out on a group of patients treated with the main used drug. Results: We observed 949 ADRs in 547 patients studied. Methotrexate (MTX) was the most frequently used medication and also the cause of the most ADRs, which occurred in 63.3% of patients, followed by glucocorticoids (GCs). Comparing synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (sDMARDs) vs biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), the ADRs attributed to the former were by far higher than the latter. In general, the severity of ADRs was moderate and manageable. Drug withdrawal occurred in almost a quarter of the cases. In terms of risk factors, most patients who experienced ADRs due to MTX, were 16 years old or younger and received MTX in doses equal or higher than 0.6 mg/kg/week. Patients with JIA and JDM had a lower risk of ADRs than patients with JSLE. In the multiple regression model, the use of GCs for over 6 months led to an increase of 0.5% in the number of ADRs. Conclusions: Although the ADRs highly likely affect a wide range of children and adolescents with CRDs they were considered moderate and manageable cases mostly. However, triggers of ADRs need further investigations.

Resumo: A Escarpa Devoniana (APAED), localizada no sul do Brasil, representa uma importante área de preservação ambiental composta por campos, matas de galeria, além de afloramentos rochosos e sítios arqueológicos. Atualmente, tramita na câmara dos deputados do estado do Paraná um projeto de lei estadual (PL 527/2016) que sugere a redução da área da APAED em aproximadamente 70% de sua área original (de 393.579 para 125.895 ha). Tal redução parece estar relacionada com interesses econômicos (principalmente agropecuária e mineração) no estado do Paraná. Caso aprovado, o PL 527/2016 permitirá que agricultores expandam suas atividades deliberadamente, tendo como consequência principal a supressão de áreas de floresta nativa. Com isso, espera-se perda de diversidade faunística, contaminação de água e solos e alteração nos ciclos de nutrientes, dado o aumento no uso de agroquímicos. Além das consequências ambientas diretas, podemos esperar o desaparecimento de elevado interesse geológico, reduzindo a geodiversidade local, além de substanciais perdas econômicas com ecoturismo. O Brasil é um dos países signatários da Convenção da Diversidade Biológica das Nações Unidas, onde se compromete a desenvolver estratégias que evitem a perda da biodiversidade e a degradação de ecossistemas até 2020. Assim, a aprovação desse projeto de lei é, no mínimo, contraditória considerando que existem poucas áreas de vegetação natural nessa região do país. Destacamos que a proposta de tais projetos vai contra a sustentabilidade no país e desconsideram o conhecimento científico gerado até então. Dessa forma, é necessário o desenvolvimento de objetivos políticos regionais e federais que garantam o desenvolvimento econômico de forma equilibrada, considerando a bio e geodiversidade local, e não a proposta de mecanismos que as destruam.

Abstract: The Devonian Escarpment (DEEPA), located in the south of Brazil, represents an important area of environmental preservation composed by grasslands, gallery forests, as well as rock outcrops and archaeological sites. A law project (LP 527/2016), which suggests a reduction of the DEEPA area in approximately 70% of its original area (from 393,579 to 125,895 ha), is currently being processed in the Paraná State House of Representatives. Such reduction seems to be related to economic interests (mainly agriculture and mining) in the state of Paraná. If approved, LP 527/2016 will allow farmers to deliberately expand their activities, with the suppression of natural forest as main consequence. Additionally, loss of faunal diversity, contamination of water and soils, and alteration in nutrient cycles are expected, due the intensive use of agrochemicals. In addition to the direct environmental consequences, we expect the disappearance of areas of high geological interest, reducing local geodiversity, as well as substantial economic losses with ecotourism. Brazil is a signatory to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, where it undertakes to develop strategies to prevent biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation by 2020. An approval of the LP would be contradictory, considering that there are few natural vegetation areas in this region of the country. We emphasize that the proposal of such projects goes against the sustainability in the country and disregard the scientific knowledge generated until then. Thus, it is necessary to develop regional and federal political objectives that guarantee economic development in a balanced way, considering the local bio and geodiversity, not the proposal of mechanisms that destroy them.

Abstract Harvest time is correlated to the seed physiological quality and can be determined through germination and vigor tests. X-ray is a good technique for assessing seed quality, since it can reduce analysis subjectivity, making the process faster and more efficient. Our aim was to evaluate jiló (Solanum gilo) seed internal free area, through X-ray image analysis, and to relate results with seed germination in different stages of maturation. The variables evaluated were: object area, perimeter, standard deviation, and fraction area, which represents the internal free areas of seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized and treatments for each variety consisted of fruits harvested at: 35 d after anthesis (DAA); 40 DAA; 45 DAA and 45 DAA plus 7 d at rest in dark room. Four replicates of 50 seeds were used for each treatment. Data from germination test and seeds image analysis were used for ANOVA analysis, and treatments means were compared with the Scott-Knott test (p≤0.05). Jiló seeds came from Morro redondo and Tinguá varieties. Jiló seeds from each treatment were analyzed by X-ray test and subsequently led to germination test. X-ray images were analyzed using ImageJ software, which was efficient. There were no statistically significant differences in each maturation stage between varieties. However, there was a statistically significant difference in seeds free areas of both varieties. Seeds with free area (embryo - endosperm) ≤ 10 % produced normal seedlings, and harvest at 45DAA + 7 d was recommended and germination seeds was 100%. Thus, adiographic image analysis of eggplant seeds allows measurement of internal free areas, as well as determination of the relationship between these and germination, allowing identification of seeds with greater potential to germinate, helping to reduce jiló seeds economic losses.

Resumen El momento de cosecha se correlaciona con la calidad fisiológica de la semilla y puede definirse a través de la germinación y las pruebas de vigor. Los rayos X son una buena técnica para evaluar la calidad de la semilla, ya que pueden reducir la subjetividad del análisis, volviendo el proceso más rápido y más eficiente. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el área libre interna de la semilla de jiló (Solanum gilo), a través del análisis de la imagen de rayos X, y relacionar los resultados con la germinación de la semilla en distintas etapas de maduración. Las variables evaluadas fueron: área del objeto, perímetro, desviación estándar, y área de fracción, que representa las áreas libres internas de las semillas. El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorio y los tratamientos para cada variedad fueron frutos cosechados: 35 d después de la antesis (DDA); 40 DDA; 45 DDA; y 45 DDA más 7 d en descanso en un cuarto oscuro. Cuatro réplicas de 50 semillas se utilizaron para cada tratamiento. Los datos de las pruebas de germinación y el análisis de imágenes de semillas se usaron para realizar un análisis de ANOVA, y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba Scott-Knott (p ≤ 0.05). Las semillas de jiló (berenjena) provinieron de las variedades Morro Redondo y Tinguá. Las semillas de jiló de cada tratamiento se analizaron con la prueba de rayos X y despues se realizó la prueba de germinación. Las imágenes de rayos X se analizaron usando el programa ImageJ, que fue eficiente. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cada etapa de maduración entre las variedades. Sin embargo, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en áreas libres de las semillas de ambas variedades. Las semillas con área libre (embrión-endospermo) ≤ 10 % produjeron plántulas normales, y se recomienda la cosecha a 45 DDA + 7 d cuando la germinación de semillas fue de 100 %. Por lo tanto, el análisis de imagen adiográfico de semillas de jiló permite la medición de áreas libres internas, así como la definición de la relación entre las mismas y la germinación, permitiendo identificar las semillas con mayor potencial para germinar, y ayudando a reducir las pérdidas económicas de semillas de jiló.

Abstract Objective: Periodontitis is associated with endothelial dysfunction, which is clinically characterized by a reduction in endothelium-dependent relaxation. However, we have previously shown that impairment in endothelium-dependent relaxation is transient. Therefore, we evaluated which mediators are involved in endothelium-dependent relaxation recovery. Material and methods: Rats were subjected to ligature-induced experimental periodontitis. Twenty-one days after the procedure, the animals were prepared for blood pressure recording, and the responses to acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside were obtained before and 30 minutes after injection of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME), cyclooxygenase inhibitor (Indomethacin, SC-550 and NS- 398), or calcium-dependent potassium channel blockers (apamin plus TRAM- 34). The maxilla and mandible were removed for bone loss analysis. Blood and gingivae were obtained for C-reactive protein (CRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurement, respectively. Results: Experimental periodontitis induces bone loss and an increase in the gingival MPO and plasmatic CRP. Periodontitis also reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation, a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, 14 days after the procedure. However, the response was restored at day 21. We found that endothelium-dependent vasodilation at day 21 in ligature animals was mediated, at least in part, by the activation of endothelial calcium-activated potassium channels. Conclusions: Periodontitis induces impairment in endothelial-dependent relaxation; this impairment recovers, even in the presence of periodontitis. The recovery is mediated by the activation of endothelial calcium-activated potassium channels in ligature animals. Although important for maintenance of vascular homeostasis, this effect could mask the lack of NO, which has other beneficial properties.

Resumo Este estudo investigou a dieta de quatro caracídeos [Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner, 1882), Odontostilbe pequira (Steindachner, 1882), Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann, 1903) e Serrapinnus calliurus (Boulenger, 1900) ], que coexistem em duas lagoas, e verificaram-se possíveis diferenças espaciais no fitness dessas populações. O objetivo principal foi analisar se essas espécies demonstram melhor fitness de acordo com o valor nutricional do recurso consumido. Desta forma, espera-se que as espécies demonstrem melhores condições nutricionais (demonstrado pelo fator de condição relativo) durante o forrageamento de itens de origem animal, assim como o contrario é esperado ao consumir itens de origem vegetal e detritos. A amostragem foi realizada em agosto de 2011. A dieta foi avaliada através da análise do conteúdo estomacal e o fator de condição relativo foi calculado para cada indivíduo amostrado, obtendo-se um valor médio para cada população. As espécies exibiram elevada plasticidade alimentar; H. eques e P. kennedyi alteraram a maioria dos itens alimentares de suas dietas entre as lagoas estudadas. Apesar destas variações, o fator de condição não variou espacialmente para qualquer espécie. Os resultados indicam que estas espécies possuem adaptações fisiológicas que lhes permitem obter o máximo de energia a partir do alimento, mesmo que tenha baixo valor nutricional, ou que o peixe pode compensar o consumo de alimentos com baixo valor nutricional, aumentando a taxa de consumo. Assim, independentemente do tipo de recursos consumidos, estes recursos cumpriram as necessidades metabólicas dos peixes nas lagoas estudadas.

Abstract This study investigated the diet of four characids [Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner, 1882), Odontostilbe pequira (Steindachner, 1882), Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann, 1903) and Serrapinnus calliurus (Boulenger, 1900) ] coexisting in two lagoons and checked for possible spatial differences and the influence on population fitness. The main goal was check if these species show better fitness according to the nutritional value of the food resource consumed. In this way, it is expected that the species show improved nutritional conditions (evidenced by the relative condition factor) when foraging for items of animal origin, and the reverse is expected when consuming items of plant origin and detritus. Sampling was conducted in August 2011. The diet was evaluated by analyzing contents and calculating the relative condition factor for each sampled individual, obtaining a mean value for each population. Species exhibited high food plasticity; H. eques and P. kennedyi altered most their diets from a lagoon to another. Despite these variations, the condition factor showed no significant spatial variation for any species. The results indicated that these species have physiological adaptations that allow them to obtain the maximum energy from food, even if it has low nutritional value, or that fish can compensate for the consumption of low nutritional food by increasing the consumption rate. Thus, regardless of the type of resources consumed, these have met the metabolic needs of the fish in the studied lagoons.