This article establishes a dialogue between the essay “The crisis in education” by the philosopher Hannah Arendt and her book The human condition. In this, the thinker presents a phenomenology of elementary human activities – labor, work and action – or, as she says, the vita activa. The essay, in turn, qualifies education as an elementary activity of human society. From this interface between the two contemporary texts, I reflect on the question: what are we doing when we educate? – thus paraphrasing the central question of The human condition: “What are we doing when we are active?”. The intention is not to find an exact correspondence between education and one of the three activities of the vita activa, but to think about some aspects that approximate or distinguish the educational activity from them. In particular, I seek approximations between Arendt's thinking about education and her approaches to labor and work that have less attracted the interest of education scholars. The dialogue takes place with several voices, as I also bring narratives about teaching, literary ones and other experiences, seeking to read them in the light of Arendtian thought, which, in turn, is questioned based on school experiences. Finally, with no intention of exhausting the topic addressed, this article is an exercise in polyphonic thinking, which emphasizes some excerpts from The human condition that have not been explored so far in order to think about educational activity.

Este artículo establece un diálogo entre el ensayo “La crisis en la educación” de la filósofa Hannah Arendt y su libro La condición humana. En este, la pensadora presenta una fenomenología de las actividades humanas elementares – la labor, el trabajo y la acción – o, como ella dice, la vita activa. El ensayo, a su vez, califica a la educación como una actividad elementar de la sociedad humana. A partir de esta interfaz entre los dos textos contemporáneos, reflexiono sobre la pregunta: ¿qué hacemos cuando educamos? – parafraseando así la pregunta central de La condición humana: “¿Qué hacemos cuando estamos activos?”. No se pretende encontrar una correspondencia exacta entre la educación y una de las tres actividades de la vita activa, sino reflexionar sobre algunos aspectos que aproximan o distinguen la actividad educativa de ellas. En particular, busco aproximaciones entre el pensamiento de Arendt sobre la educación y sus enfoques sobre la labor y el trabajo que han atraído menos el interés de los estudiosos de la educación. El diálogo se da con varias voces, pues también traigo relatos sobre experiencias docentes, literarias y otras, buscando leerlas a la luz del pensamiento arendtiano, el cual, a su vez, es cuestionado a partir de las experiencias escolares. Finalmente, se trata de un ejercicio de pensamiento polifónico, sin pretensiones de agotar el tema abordado, que enfatiza algunos fragmentos de La condición humana que no han sido explorados hasta ahora para pensar la actividad educativa.

Este artigo estabelece um diálogo entre o ensaio “A crise na educação” da filósofa Hannah Arendt e seu livro A condição humana. Neste, a pensadora apresenta uma fenomenologia das atividades humanas elementares – o trabalho, a obra e a ação – ou, como ela afirma, da vita activa. O ensaio, por sua vez, qualifica a educação como uma atividade elementar da sociedade humana. A partir dessa interface entre os dois textos coetâneos reflito sobre a questão: o que fazemos quando educamos? – parafraseando, assim, a pergunta central de A condição humana: “o que fazemos quando estamos ativos?”. O intuito não é encontrar uma correspondência exata entre a educação e uma das três atividades da vita activa, mas pensar sobre alguns aspectos que aproximam ou distinguem a atividade educativa delas. Em especial busco aproximações entre o pensamento de Arendt sobre educação e suas abordagens do trabalho e da obra que tem atraído menos o interesse dos estudiosos da educação. O diálogo ocorre a várias vozes, pois para ele trago também narrativas sobre experiências docentes, literárias e outras, buscando lê-las à luz do pensamento arendtiano, o qual, por sua vez, é questionado a partir das experiências escolares. Enfim, trata-se de um exercício de pensamento polifônico, sem pretensões de exaurir o tema abordado, que dá relevo a alguns trechos de A condição humana ainda pouco explorados para se pensar sobre a atividade educativa.

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a quantitative research on the English reading and listening proficiency of students of English Language and Literature undergraduate degrees in a Brazilian public university. The objectives of the study were to map students’ proficiency level from beginning to mid-course semesters and to identify if there is level progression as students advance in the sequence of specific written-skills and oral-skills courses. A questionnaire about their academic profile and simulated reading and listening tests of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) were administered to a total of 385 students, of which 243 took the reading test and 198 took the listening test. Besides, out of those, 32 retook the listening test, and 15 the reading test. Data were analyzed with descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics. Results reveal a progression of proficiency level both in reading and listening from the beginning of the undergraduate course to the end of the specific skills course sequences.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa acerca da proficiência em leitura e compreensão oral em língua inglesa de alunos de cursos de Letras (Inglês) de uma universidade pública brasileira. Os objetivos do estudo foram mapear o nível de proficiência dos alunos do início até a metade do curso e identificar se há progressão de nível conforme avançam nas cadeias de disciplinas específicas para as habilidades escritas e para as orais. Um questionário sobre o perfil acadêmico e simulados das provas de leitura e de compreensão oral do International English Language Testing System (IELTS) foram aplicados a 385 alunos, dos quais 243 fizeram a prova de leitura e 198, a prova de compreensão oral. Ainda, destes, 32 refizeram a prova de compreensão oral, e 15, a de leitura. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva e inferencial não paramétrica. Os resultados revelam progressão de nível de proficiência, tanto em leitura quanto em compreensão oral, do início do curso para o final das cadeias de habilidades.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of a modified gingival graft technique, in which the released flap is positioned and sutured over the graft, with the conventional free gingival graft (FGG) procedure, when both are used for gingival augmentation. A 12-month, multicenter parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted. Subjects with buccal RT2 gingival recessions and keratinized tissue width (KTW) < 2 mm in at least one mandibular incisor were randomized to control group (n = 20; conventional FGG) or test group (n = 20; modified FGG; flap sutured over FGG using sling sutures). The primary outcome (KTW) was measured at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months, as was keratinized tissue thickness (KTT). Postoperative pain (POP) and analgesic intake were also recorded. Both techniques promoted a significant increase in KTW and KTT when compared to baseline (p < 0.05) with no significant differences between groups (KTW change of 6.1±1.5 mm and 5.4±1.6 mm, for control and test, respectively; p=0.16). However, test group patients reported less POP after 7 days and used less analgesic medication than control group patients (p < 0.05). We concluded that the modified FGG was comparable to conventional FGG in augmenting keratinized tissue width and thickness at mandibular incisors, but resulted in less patient morbidity.

ABSTRACT Health care workers (HCW) are the frontline workforce for COVID-19 patient care and, consequently, are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to close contact to infected patients. Here, we evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW from an infectious disease hospital, reference center for COVID-19 care in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Among 2,204 HCW, 1,417 (64.29%) were subjected to detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Out of the total, 271 (19.12%) presented anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Prevalence varied according to HCW categories. The highest prevalence was observed in workers from outsourced companies, cooks and kitchen assistants, hospital cleaning workers, and maintenance workers. On the other hand, resident physicians and HCW from the institution itself presented lower prevalence (nurses, nursing assistants, physicians, laboratory technicians). Social and environmental factors are important determinants, associated with exposure in the hospital environment, which can determine the greater or lesser risk of infection by pathogens that spread rapidly by air.

Resumo A educação oferece aos mais novos uma herança de conhecimentos e experiências, porém, com a crise da tradição, a relação das novas gerações com esse legado se torna problemática, seja porque ele perdeu sua legibilidade, seja porque é visto como ultrapassado. Este artigo sustenta que, apesar disso, cabe aos herdeiros ler, interpretar e ressignificar essa herança imperfeita. Nessa perspectiva, indaga-se, por um lado, se a tentativa de se apropriar desse legado pode provocar transformações no passado supostamente findo, e, por outro lado, questiona-se em que medida essa herança afeta os que com ela se envolvem. Ponto de partida para essa reflexão são o pensamento sobre educação de Hannah Arendt, em especial, o ensaio “A crise na educação” e a obra Tempo e narrativa de Paul Ricoeur, em particular sua abordagem da leitura no contexto da mímese III. O ato de ler, de acordo com o filósofo, se caracteriza por uma dialética que provoca transformações na narrativa e no leitor. Esse movimento mimético transformador entre leitor e texto ocorre também na dinâmica entre herdeiros e herança, que está no centro da formação dos jovens e das crianças? A partir dessa questão, busca-se estabelecer um diálogo entre a análise de Ricoeur da leitura e a reflexão sobre a tarefa da educação, segundo Arendt, de convidar os mais novos à “leitura” da herança de um mundo que os antecede. experiências porém tradição problemática legibilidade ultrapassado disso ler imperfeita perspectiva indagase, indagase indaga se, indaga-se lado findo questionase questiona envolvem Arendt especial III filósofo crianças questão buscase busca “leitura antecede

Abstract Education offers the younger ones an inheritance of knowledge and experiences, however, with the crisis of tradition, the relationship of the new generations with this legacy becomes problematic, either because it has lost its legibility or because it is seen as outdated. This paper argues that, despite this, it is up to the heirs to read, interpret and re-signify this imperfect inheritance. In this perspective it is questioned, on the one hand, if the attempt to appropriate this legacy can cause transformations in the supposedly ended past, and, on the other hand, to what extent this inheritance affects those who are involved with it. The starting point for this reflection is Hannah Arendt’s thought on education, in particular, the essay “The crisis in education” and Paul Ricoeur’s work Time and narrative, in particular his approach to reading in the context of mimesis III. The act of reading, according to the philosopher, is characterized by a dialectic that causes transformations in the narrative and in the reader. Does this transforming mimetic movement between reader and text also occur in the dynamics between heirs and inheritance, which is at the heart of the formation of young people and children? Based on this question, the paper seeks to establish a dialogue between Ricoeur‘s analysis of reading and the reflection on the task of education, according to Arendt, of inviting the youngest “to read” the inheritance of a world that precedes them. experiences however tradition problematic outdated read resignify re signify questioned hand past Arendts Arendt s education Ricoeurs Ricoeur III philosopher children question them

ABSTRACT Economic development based on cleaner industrial technologies has been increasingly studied in recent years. Cementitious composites reinforced with lignocellulosic fibers can be a sustainable alternative for use in engineering. The study aimed to evaluate the technological properties of cementitious composites produced from natural and industrial coconut fiber to compare the reinforcement with wood particles. Physical tests (density, water absorption, and thickness swelling) and mechanical tests (static bending) were carried out in four treatments, which varied the fiber and cement contents. It was found that treatment with natural coconut fiber had the lowest density value, 0.59 g/cm3, and treatment with industrial coconut fiber had the lowest water absorption value for the times and times of 2 and 24 h, 0.19, and 0.38%, respectively, and the treatment with wood particles, the highest values of modulus of elasticity and rupture, 1,897 MPa and 2.44 MPa. The study of the use of lignocellulosic materials as protection in cementitious composites is essential for applications in building constructions to reduce the environmental impacts generated by the generation of waste and use of non-renewable materials and to promote sustainable development.

Abstract Objective This is a mixed-methodology controlled clinical study that assessed the effect of the Health Lifestyle Deck of cards as a Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy tool for obese adults. Method The sample was divided into two groups: Intervention group and Intervention+Deck. The therapy was interdisciplinary handled by psychology, nutrition and physical education professionals, along 12 sessions. The following measures were performed: anthropometric assessment, indicators of binge eating, depression, anxiety and stress, quality of life, self-efficacy for eating habits, and physical activity at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Participants’ written and verbal reports’ content was analyzed. Results The results were: a reduction in body mass, binge eating, and improvement of self-efficacy to regulate eating habits in both groups. There was an improvement in the psychological domain of quality of life only in the Intervention+Deck group. Conclusion The study concluded that the intervention favored participants’ cognitive and behavioral changes.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo clínico controlado de metodologia mista avaliou o efeito do Baralho do Estilo de Vida como ferramenta da Terapia Cognitivo-comportamental em grupo de adultos com obesidade. Método A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: grupo Intervenção e grupo Intervenção+Baralho. A terapia foi interdisciplinar com profissionais da psicologia, nutrição e educação física e foram realizadas 12 sessões. As avaliações realizadas foram: avaliação antropométrica, indicadores de compulsão alimentar, depressão, ansiedade e estresse, qualidade de vida, autoeficácia para hábito alimentar e atividade física no início e no fim da intervenção. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo dos relatos verbais e por escrito dos participantes. Resultados Neste sentido, verificou-se redução da massa corporal, da compulsão alimentar e melhora da autoeficácia para regular o hábito alimentar nos dois grupos. Houve melhora no domínio psicológico da qualidade de vida apenas no grupo Intervenção+Baralho. Conclusão O estudo concluiu que a intervenção favoreceu mudanças cognitivas e comportamentais dos participantes.

RESUMO Considerando a importância da identificação de espécies de Colletotrichum associadas à cultura do algodoeiro, objetivou-se realizar a caracterização morfológica e patogênica de isolados de Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides e de Colletotrichum gossypii submetidos a diferentes temperaturas. Foram utilizados cinco isolados de C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides e cinco isolados de C. gossypii, os quais foram incubados a 20, 25 e 30 °C. Os dados de caracterização cultural foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey. Houve diferenças entre os isolados em relação ao crescimento micelial e esporulação das duas espécies nas diferentes temperaturas. As temperaturas de 20 e 30 °C aumentaram o comprimento dos conídios, mas não influenciaram na largura, enquanto a 25 e 30 °C houve maior crescimento micelial. Coletotrichum gossypii expressou sintomas de antracnose, enquanto sintomas de ramulose foram observados apenas em plantas inoculadas com C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides.

ABSTRACT Considering the importance of identifying Colletotrichum species associated with cotton plants, this study aimed to characterize the morphological and pathogenic isolates of C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides and C. gossypii under different temperatures. Five isolates of C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides and C. gossypii were incubated at 20, 25 and 30 °C. The cultural characteristics data were analyzed through ANOVA and the means compared by the Tukey test. There were differences between the isolates of the two species concerning mycelial growth and sporulation at different temperatures. Temperatures between 20 to 30 °C increased the length of conidia but did not influence the width, whereas between 25 and 30 °C, there was the highest mycelial growth. Colletotrichum gossypii expressed anthracnose symptoms, and ramulosis symptoms were observed only in plants inoculated with C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides.

Abstract Resistant starch (RS) has gained interesting because of its health benefits as the control of diseases, such as diabetes. Modifications in starches have been applied in order to increase RS content and consequently the range of industrial food applications. The heat-moisture treatment (HMT) combined with the addition of organic acids was the aim of this study, and also to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and other properties of corn starches. In both botanical sources, the RS content increased significantly, for the normal type and the waxy. Among organic acids used, citric, followed by lactic and acetic acid, promoted the most evident alterations and showed promising results in the increasing of RS. The results obtained by this combined method open opportunities for further applications in functional foods as well as starch based encapsulation process.

RESUMO O concreto leve tem sido utilizado para fins estruturais e para a redução do peso próprio das estruturas de concreto. A utilização da argila expandida como agregado graúdo é economicamente viável na fabricação desses concretos devido à redução de massa específica que este tipo de agregado proporciona. Em busca de um desenvolvimento sustentável, a indústria da construção civil vem utilizando resíduos gerados em empresas do setor de rochas ornamentais como uma alternativa de minimizar os impactos ambientais. Assim, nesta pesquisa foram produzidos concretos leves com a incorporação do resíduo proveniente do corte de granito em substituição parcial ao agregado miúdo (areia), nas proporções de 5%, 10% e 15%. Foram produzidas uma mistura de referência do concreto leve utilizando-se argila expandida, areia e cimento, e misturas com substituição do agregado miúdo natural por porcentagens do resíduo do corte do granito, mantendo-se constante o fator água/cimento, a sílica ativa e o superplastificante. Os corpos de prova produzidos foram caracterizados por meio de ensaios físicos (determinação da absorção de água, índice de vazios e massa específica), ensaio de resistência mecânica (compressão axial) e durabilidade. As formulações realizadas apresentaram valores de massa específica e resistência à compressão compatíveis com o concreto leve estrutural. Com os resultados dos ensaios, concluiu-se que a substituição de 15% do resíduo foi a que apresentou maior resistência à compressão, massa específica satisfatória (menor que 2000 kg/m³) e melhor fator de eficiência. Adicionalmente, com relação à durabilidade do concreto, as formulações com a incorporação do resíduo de granito apresentaram-se mais resistentes ao ataque por sulfatos.

ABSTRACT Lightweight concrete has been used for structural purposes and to reduce the self-weight of concrete structures. The use of expanded clay as a coarse aggregate is economically viable in the manufacture of these concretes due to the reduction in specific mass that this type of aggregate provides. In search of sustainable development, the civil construction industry has been using waste generated by companies in the ornamental stone sector as an alternative to minimize environmental impacts. Thus, in this research, lightweight concrete was produced with the incorporation of waste from granite cutting in partial replacement of fine aggregate (sand), in proportions of 5%, 10% and 15%. A reference mixture of lightweight concrete was produced using expanded clay, sand and cement, and mixtures with replacement of the fine natural aggregate by percentages of waste from the cutting of the granite, keeping constant the water/cement factor, silica fume and the superplasticizer. The produced test specimens were characterized by physical tests (determination of water absorption, void index and specific mass), mechanical resistance test (axial compression) and durability. The formulations performed presented specific mass and compressive strength values compatible with structural lightweight concrete. With the results of the tests, it was concluded that the replacement of 15% of the residue was the one with the highest compressive strength, satisfactory specific mass (less than 2000 kg/m³) and the best efficiency factor. Additionally, with regard to the durability of concrete, the formulations with the incorporation of granite waste were more resistant to attack by sulfates.

Abstract Objectives Copy Number Variations (CNVs) in the human genome account for common populational variations but can also be responsible for genetic syndromes depending on the affected region. Although a deletion in 5p is responsible for a syndrome with highly recognizable phenotypical features, other chromosomal abnormalities might overlap phenotypes, especially considering that most studies in 5p use traditional cytogenetic techniques and not molecular techniques. Methods The authors have investigated 29 patients with clinical suspicion of 5p- syndrome using Chromosomal Microarray (CMA), and have gathered information on previous tests, clinical signs, symptoms, and development of the patients. Results The results showed 23 pure terminal deletions, one interstitial deletion, one deletion followed by a 3 Mb duplication in 5p, three cases of 5p deletion concomitant to duplications larger than 20 Mb in chromosomes 2, 9, and 18, and one 5p deletion with a chromosome Y deletion. CMA showed relevant CNVs not typically associated with 5p- that may have contributed to the final phenotype in these patients. Conclusions The authors have identified three novel rearrangements between chromosomes 5 and 2 (Patient 27), 5 and 18 (Patient 11), and 5 and Y (Patient 22), with breakpoints and overlapped phenotypes that were not previously described. The authors also highlight the need for further molecular investigation using CMA, in different chromosomes beyond chromosome 5 (since those cases did not show only the typical deletion expected for the 5p- syndrome) to explain discordant chromosomal features and overlapped phenotypes to unravel the cause of the syndrome in atypical cases. HIGHLIGHTS The authors The authors have described three novel rearrangements between chromosomes 5 and 2, 5 and 18, and 5 and Y with chromosomal breakpoints and overlapped phenotypes that were not previously described. One of the main atypical features for 5p- syndrome that the authors report was the presence of seizures that was found in the three patients with rearrangements between different chromosomes and in a patient with a deletion followed by duplication in 5p. The authors suggest physicians conduct further molecular investigation in the presence of atypical clinical features for patients with 5p- syndrome suspicion.

The study aimed to analyze the riverside population’s access to urgent and emergency services in Maués, Amazonas, Brazil, through the methodology of participatory approach and the analysis of talking maps and narratives. The relevance of the Community Health Agent came was highlighted, as well as the importance of mechanisms to deliver care in the riverside territory, such as the Fluvial Primary Care Unit and launches known as ambulanchas. However, challenges also came to light, like transportation in urgent and emergency situations and lack of a professional with a higher education degree to provide initial care in the territory. In addition, articulation and communication between sectors and the referral process are still deficient. Thus, strategies are needed to integrate the different points of the Healthcare Network, enabling communication and articulation. Moreover, new strategies to promote healthcare access must be developed in meetings between management and workers, grounded on reflective dialogue.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la producción del acceso de la población ribereña a los servicios de emergencia en Maués, Amazonas, Brasil. Teniendo como metodología el abordaje participativo, el uso de mapas orales y el análisis de las narrativas. Se subrayó la importancia del Agente Comunitario de Salud y de los mecanismos de actuación en territorio ribereño, como UBS Fluvial y “ambulanchas”. Pero también expone desafíos con relación al transporte sanitario en situaciones de urgencia y emergencia y la falta de un profesional de nivel superior en el territorio para la atención inicial. Además, la articulación y comunicación entre los sectores y el proceso de referencia todavía es deficiente. Por lo tanto, es esencial la elaboración de estrategias que integren los diferentes puntos de la red, viabilizando esa comunicación y articulación. Y que por medio de encuentros con diálogo reflexivo entre la gestión y los trabajadores se piensen nuevas estrategias que viabilicen ese acceso.

O estudo objetivou analisar a produção do acesso da população ribeirinha aos serviços de urgência e emergência em Maués, Amazonas, Brasil, tendo como metodologia a abordagem participativa, uso de mapas falantes e análises das narrativas. Destacou-se a importância do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS) e dos mecanismos de atuação em território ribeirinho, como Unidade Básica de Saúde Fluvial e “ambulanchas”. Mas expõe ainda desafios com relação ao transporte sanitário em situações de urgência e emergência e a falta de um profissional de nível superior em território para o atendimento inicial. Além disso, a articulação e a comunicação entre os setores e o processo de referenciamento ainda são deficientes. Assim, é essencial que sejam elaboradas estratégias que integrem os diferentes pontos da Rede, viabilizando essa comunicação e a articulação. E, por meio de encontros com diálogo reflexivo entre a gestão e trabalhadores, sejam pensadas novas estratégias que viabilizem esse acesso.

O estudo objetivou analisar a produção do acesso da população ribeirinha aos serviços de urgência e emergência em Maués, Amazonas, Brasil, tendo como metodologia a abordagem participativa, uso de mapas falantes e análises das narrativas. Destacou-se a importância do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS) e dos mecanismos de atuação em território ribeirinho, como Unidade Básica de Saúde Fluvial e “ambulanchas”. Mas expõe ainda desafios com relação ao transporte sanitário em situações de urgência e emergência e a falta de um profissional de nível superior em território para o atendimento inicial. Além disso, a articulação e a comunicação entre os setores e o processo de referenciamento ainda são deficientes. Assim, é essencial que sejam elaboradas estratégias que integrem os diferentes pontos da Rede, viabilizando essa comunicação e a articulação. E, por meio de encontros com diálogo reflexivo entre a gestão e trabalhadores, sejam pensadas novas estratégias que viabilizem esse acesso.

The study aimed to analyze the riverside population’s access to urgent and emergency services in Maués, Amazonas, Brazil, through the methodology of participatory approach and the analysis of talking maps and narratives. The relevance of the Community Health Agent came was highlighted, as well as the importance of mechanisms to deliver care in the riverside territory, such as the Fluvial Primary Care Unit and launches known as ambulanchas. However, challenges also came to light, like transportation in urgent and emergency situations and lack of a professional with a higher education degree to provide initial care in the territory. In addition, articulation and communication between sectors and the referral process are still deficient. Thus, strategies are needed to integrate the different points of the Healthcare Network, enabling communication and articulation. Moreover, new strategies to promote healthcare access must be developed in meetings between management and workers, grounded on reflective dialogue.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la producción del acceso de la población ribereña a los servicios de emergencia en Maués, Amazonas, Brasil. Teniendo como metodología el abordaje participativo, el uso de mapas orales y el análisis de las narrativas. Se subrayó la importancia del Agente Comunitario de Salud y de los mecanismos de actuación en territorio ribereño, como UBS Fluvial y “ambulanchas”. Pero también expone desafíos con relación al transporte sanitario en situaciones de urgencia y emergencia y la falta de un profesional de nivel superior en el territorio para la atención inicial. Además, la articulación y comunicación entre los sectores y el proceso de referencia todavía es deficiente. Por lo tanto, es esencial la elaboración de estrategias que integren los diferentes puntos de la red, viabilizando esa comunicación y articulación. Y que por medio de encuentros con diálogo reflexivo entre la gestión y los trabajadores se piensen nuevas estrategias que viabilicen ese acceso.

Abstract Starch is an important energy reserve polysaccharide for vegetables, found in large quantities in nature. From a renewable and low-cost source, it is considered an excellent raw material for the production of biopolymers. Biodegradable films can be obtained from different starch sources and can be an alternative to the damages caused by petroleum products, since they have the properties of conventional plastics and are easily degraded in the environment. However, starch-based films have limitations such as poor mechanical properties. To overcome this weakness, the addition of secondary additives is used to improve its resistance. This review highlights how different materials used in the production of biodegradable polymers, the importance of incorporating reinforcement content in the polymer matrix and as the main characterization techniques of bio composites.

Abstract: Lightweight concrete has as main characteristic its low density due to the incorporation of light materials such as expanded clay, or even the incorporation of air whose function is to reduce the density, characteristic of cellular concrete. In Aracaju city, there are companies that promote tire reconditioning, generating large amounts of waste dust. The aim of this work is to study the reuse of tire rubber waste in light concrete from expanded clay. An experimental program was developed for the analysis of these concretes, varying the percentage of 1%, 2.5% and 5% of the tire rubber waste to replace the natural fine aggregate and 100% replacing the natural coarse aggregate by expanded clay (50% of expanded clay C1506 and 50% of C2215). The materials (cement, sand, expanded clays and tire rubber waste) were characterized through tests of particle size analysis and unit mass. The hardened concrete was evaluated through mechanical tests of axial compression strength, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength by diametrical compression, physical tests of water absorption and specific mass, in addition to image analysis by scanning electron microscopy. The use of expanded clay with incorporation of 1% of tire rubber waste guaranteed better results in mechanical resistance, lower water absorption and greater specific mass than the mixtures with 2.5 and 5%, reaching values close to the reference concrete. Thus, the residue can be an alternative for reuse, avoiding disposal.

Resumen: El hormigón ligero tiene como característica principal su baja densidad debido a la incorporación de materiales ligeros como la arcilla expandida, o incluso la incorporación de aire cuya función es reducir la densidad, característica del hormigón celular. En la ciudad de Aracaju, existen empresas que promueven el reacondicionamiento de llantas, generando grandes cantidades de polvo de desecho. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la reutilización de residuos de caucho de neumáticos en hormigón ligero a partir de arcilla expandida. Se desarrolló un programa experimental para el análisis de estos hormigones, variando el porcentaje de 1%, 2.5% y 5% de los residuos de caucho de llantas para reemplazar el agregado fino natural y el 100% de reemplazo del agregado grueso natural por arcilla expandida (50% de arcilla expandida C1506 y 50% de C2215). Los materiales (cemento, arena, arcillas expandidas y residuos de caucho de neumáticos) se caracterizaron mediante pruebas de análisis de tamaño de partícula y masa unitaria. El hormigón endurecido se evaluó mediante pruebas mecánicas de resistencia a compresión axial, módulo de elasticidad y resistencia a tracción por compresión diametral, pruebas físicas de absorción de agua y masa específica, además de análisis de imagen por microscopía electrónica de barrido. El uso de arcilla expandida con incorporación del 1% de residuos de caucho de neumáticos garantizó mejores resultados en resistencia mecánica, menor absorción de agua y mayor masa específica que las mezclas con 2,5 y 5%, alcanzando valores cercanos al hormigón de referencia. Por tanto, el residuo puede ser una alternativa de reutilización, evitando su eliminación.