Abstract The current literature on guided bone regeneration (GBR) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane contamination reports that the physicochemical characteristics of these biomaterials might influence affinity to bacteria, which appears to be a major drawback for the clinical outcome of the regenerative procedures. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, a multispecies biofilm adherence and passage of bacteria through different types of commercially available membranes for GTR/GBR. Four types of membranes were tested (n=12): LC) Lumina Coat®; JS) Jason®; BG) Biogide®; and LP) Lumina PTFE®. Aluminum foil (AL) simulated an impermeable barrier and was used as the control. The membranes were adapted to specific apparatus and challenged with a mixed bacterial culture composed of A. actinomycetemcomitans b, S. mutans, S. mitis, and A. israelii. After 2 h or 7 days, bacterial adhesion and passage of bacteria were evaluated through CFU counting, which was analyzed by two-way ANOVA e post hoc Tukey, at a 5% significance level. Representative areas of two membranes of each group were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the morphology and organization of the biofilm over the membrane fibers. LC and LP presented similar values of adhered bacterial cells (p > 0.05), significantly inferior when compared to the other groups, in both time points (p < 0.05). All the tested groups were permeable to bacterial cells, with no significant difference between the trial period of 2 h and 7 days (p > 0.05). SEM analyses demonstrated that adhered bacteria number increased throughout the time points (2 h < 7 days). Commercially available biological membranes demonstrated intense bacterial adherence and passage of bacteria, which increased throughout the trial period.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a aderência do biofilme multiespécie e a passagem de bactérias através dos diferentes tipos de membranas disponíveis comercialmente para RTG/ROG. Quatro tipos de membranas foram testados (n=12): LC) Lumina Coat®; JS) Jason®; BG) Biogide®; e LP) Lumina PTFE®. Papel alumínio (AL) simulou uma barreira impermeável e foi usado como controle negativo. As membranas foram adaptadas à um aparato específico e desafiadas com uma cultura bacteriana mista composta de A. actinomycetemcomitans b, S. mutans, S. mitis, e A. israelii. Após 2 h ou 7 dias, a aderência e passagem bacteriana foi avaliada através da contagem de UFCs. Duas membranas de cada grupo foram analisadas através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). LC e LP apresentaram valores semelhantes de células bacterianas aderidas (p < 0.05), significativamente inferiores quando comparados aos outros grupos, em ambos os períodos experimentais (p < 0.05). Desde a análise inicial, todos os grupos testados foram permeáveis às células bacterianas, sem diferença significativa entre o período experimental de 2 h e 7 dias (p > 0.05). As análises em MEV demonstraram que o número de bactérias aderidas aumentou com o tempo (2 h < 7 days). Membranas biológicas comercialmente disponíveis demonstraram intensa aderência bacteriana e passagem de bactérias, que aumentou durante os períodos experimentais.

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi identificar se os scaffolds alternativos utilizados em endodontia regenerativa contribuem para um melhor desenvolvimento radicular, em relação ao aumento do comprimento e espessura das paredes da dentina, em comparação com os scaffolds de coágulo sanguíneo (BC). A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, utilizando descritores relacionados ao tema. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 11 artigos foram selecionados e analisados de acordo com o objetivo proposto. Cinco estudos clínicos e seis in vivo, realizados em animais, compararam diferentes tipos de scaffolds alternativos com BCs, com ênfase no plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) e fibrina rica em plaquetas (PRF). Todos os scaffolds, alternativos ou BC, promoveram um aumento no comprimento da raiz e na espessura da parede dentinária, com percentuais variáveis de aumento entre os estudos. Em geral, houve um aumento significativo do comprimento da raiz e da espessura da dentina promovido pelos scaffolds PRF e PRP, em comparação com a BC. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos scaffolds testados contribuiu para o aumento do comprimento das raízes e da espessura das paredes dentinárias, com ênfase em PRF e PRP.

Abstract The aim of this integrative review was to identify whether alternative scaffolds used in regenerative endodontics contribute to better root development, in relation to the increase in root length and thickness of dentin walls, compared with blood clot (BC) scaffolds. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, SciELO and Lilacs databases, using descriptors related to the topic. After applying the eligibility criteria, 11 articles were selected and analyzed according to the proposed aim. Five clinical and six in vivo studies, conducted in animals, compared different types of alternative scaffolds with BCs, with emphasis on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). All scaffolds, alternative or BC, promoted an increase in root length and dentin wall thickness, with varying percentages of increase between studies. In general, there was a significant increase in root length and dentin thickness promoted by PRF and PRP scaffolds, compared with BC. It was concluded that the majority of the scaffolds tested contributed to the increase in root length and thickness of dentin walls, with emphasis on PRF and PRP.

<sec><title>Aim:</title><p> To analyze the influence of exposure and time of exposure to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on the push-out bond strength (BS) of Biodentine to dentine.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p> Eighty 2-mm-thick dentin discs were obtained from transversal sections of human teeth roots. The space of the canal was enlarged using #2-#5 Gates-Glidden burs to obtain 1.3-mm-diameter standardized cavities. The discs were immersed in 17% EDTA followed by 1% NaOCl and dried. The spaces of the canals were filled with Biodentine and the samples were divided into 2 groups (n=40) according to the storage: G1: exposure to moistened cotton pellet; G2: exposure to PBS. After 30 min, 1, 3 and 28 days, 10 samples of each group were subjected to the push-out test. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p> The specimens exposed to PBS had lower BS (p < 0.05), except for the 1-day period (p = 0.6017). In specimens of Group 1 the BS increased up to 3 days (p < 0.05). In specimens in Group 2, the BS increased from 30 min to 1 day (p < 0.0001) and remained stable up to 3 days (p = 0.9876). At 28 days, a significant decrease was observed in the BS values of both groups (p < 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p> The exposure of Biodentine to PBS led to lower BS values. In general, the BS increased gradually up to 3 days and reduced at 28 days.</p></sec>

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exposure of the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) - with and without calcium chloride (CaCl2) - to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on the apical microleakage using a glucose leakage system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty root segments were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n=15). After resecting the apical segments and enlarging the canals with Gates-Glidden drills, the apical cavities were filled with MTA with or without CaCl2 and the root canals were dressed with a moistened cotton pellet or PBS, as follows: 1) MTA/cotton pellet; 2) MTA/PBS; 3) MTA+10%CaCl2/cotton pellet; 4) MTA+10%CaCl2/PBS. All root segments were introduced in floral foams moistened with PBS. After 2 months, all root segments were prepared to evaluate the glucose leakage along the apical plugs. The amount of glucose leakage was measured following an enzymatic reaction and quantified by a spectrophotometer. Four roots were used as controls. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were no differences between groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05), and 3 and 4 (p>0.05). The addition of CaCl2 to the MTA significantly decreased its sealing ability (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The interaction with PBS did not improve the MTA sealing ability. The addition of CaCl2 to the MTA negatively influenced the apical seal.