Objective: The ICD-11 Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) was developed as a joint effort by researchers from several countries to evaluate post-traumatic stress (PTSD) and complex-PTSD (C-PTSD) symptoms. This study is part of a multi-center international collaborative research project that aims to provide psychometric support for this initial instrument in different languages, considering the specific contexts related to complex traumatization. This study verified the psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of the ITQ, evaluating symptoms beyond those described the existing literature. Methods: We examined the results of a convenience sample totaling 268 Portuguese and Angolan participants. Two instruments were applied: the ITQ, which evaluates symptoms resulting from a traumatic life event, and the Life Events Checklist (LEC), which evaluates stressful life events. The general characteristics of the scales are described, and reliability analysis and validity studies were performed. Results: Cronbach’s alpha varied between 0.84 and 0.88, and the exploratory factorial analysis results were consistent with the concept of C-PTSD, with five components explaining 61.58% of scale variance. Conclusion: The results suggest good psychometric characteristics for the Portuguese version of the ITQ, and thus it can be included in protocols intended evaluating complex traumatic symptoms.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os extratos liofilizados e microencapsulados obtidos a partir de resíduos de vinícola e avaliar os efeitos de sua adição na estabilidade oxidativa do patê de frango. O perfil fenólico, a atividade antioxidante e a eficiência da microencapsulação foram avaliados nesses extratos. Duas formulações de patê contendo bagaço de uva liofilizado (GPWL) e bagaço de uva microencapsulado (GPWM) foram produzidas. Além disso, uma formulação com eritorbato de sódio e uma formulação controle foram usadas para comparar os efeitos. Os patês foram avaliados pelo método de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) durante o armazenamento refrigerado (4 °C/42 dias). Apesar de a eficiência de microencapsulação ter sido de 90,03%, o GPWL foi estatisticamente mais efetivo na inibição da oxidação lipídica no patê de frango do que o GPWM. No entanto, a adição de ambos os antioxidantes naturais no patê de frango resultou em valores mais baixos de TBARS do que o patê tratado com antioxidante sintético por causa da presença de ácido gálico, ácido cafeico, ácido vanílico, ácido ferúlico, ácido cumárico e trans-resveratrol com alta atividade antioxidante. Dessa forma, a presença dos compostos bioativos com atividade antioxidante detectados no GPWL e no GPWM abre possibilidades para uso como ingrediente potencial no patê de frango e demais produtos cárneos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize spray-dried and lyophilized powders made from winery by-products and to evaluate their effect on the oxidative stability of chicken pâté. Phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and microencapsulation efficiency were evaluated in the extracts. Two pâté formulations containing grape pomace lyophilized (GPWL) and grape pomace microencapsulated (GPWM) were produced. In addition, a sodium erythorbate and a control batch were used to compare the effects. The pâtés were evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay during refrigerated storage (4 °C/42 days). Although the microencapsulation efficiency was 90.03%, the GPWL was statistically more effective in the lipid oxidation inhibition in chicken pâté than GPWM. However, the addition of both natural antioxidants in chicken pâté resulted in lower TBARS values than pâté treated with synthetic antioxidant due to the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid and trans-resveratrol with high antioxidant activity. Thus, the bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity detected in the GPWL and GPWM opened possibilities for use as a potential ingredient in chicken pâté and other meat products.

Abstract Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is known for their sensory characteristics and antioxidant properties, mainly due to the presence of several phenolic compounds. The aim of this work, was determine the antioxidant activity and apply the Rosemary lyophilized extract (RLE) in chicken burger, for assess their ability to reduce the lipid oxidation. Total antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds profile were analyzed by colorimetric tests and liquid chromatography analysis, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay was used to evaluate the ability of the RLE to prevent lipid peroxidation in chicken burger stored at 4 °C. Three treatments of chicken burgers were prepared (T1 – control, without addition of synthetic antioxidant BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene or RLE), T2 – with addition of BHT, and T3 – experimental, containing RLE). The high contents of total phenolic compounds (40.91 mg GAE g-1: Gallic Acid Equivalent) and total flavonoids (24.26 mg QE g-1: Quercetin Equivalents) were found in RLE. Rutin was the major phenolic compound identified in the RLE. The RLE showed strong antioxidant capacity and inhibited 48.29% of lipid oxidation (21 days of storage) in comparison to the control (T1), with low production of malonaldehyde, which has potential to be used in chicken burgers.

A Ciclosporina A (CsA) é uma droga imunossupressora amplamente utilizada que está associada a diversos efeitos colaterais, dentre eles hepatotoxicidade. Heteropterys tomentosaé uma planta brasileira eficiente na redução dos danos causados pela CsA nos testículos e próstata de ratos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da CsA e H. tomentosa(administrados isolada ou simultaneamente) no fígado de ratos Wistar. Os animais foram tratados diariamente com água (controle), CsA (15mg/kg/dia), infusão de H. tomentosa ou CsA+H. tomentosa, por 21 ou 56 dias. Os tratamentos não alteraram a morfologia do fígado nem causaram fibrose. A administração de H. tomentosapor 21 dias aumentou o número de núcleos de hepatócitos e proporção volumétrica de células de Kupffer. Após 56 dias de tratamento, a administração de H. tomentosanão alterou os parâmetros analisados. As dosagens bioquímicas plasmáticas e a estereologia do fígado revelaram danos causados pelo tratamento com CsA por 21 dias; estes resultados não foram observados após 56 dias de tratamento. O tratamento simultâneo com CsA e H. tomentosapor 21 e 56 dias não atenuou ou acentuou os efeitos hepáticos da CsA. O presente estudo revelou que o tratamento com a CsA por 21 dias causou mais alterações ao fígado que o tratamento durante 56 dias; isso pode estar relacionado a recuperação hepática após o tratamento a longo prazo.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a widely employed immunosuppressive drug that is associated with several side effects, among then hepatotoxicity. Heteropterys tomentosais a Brazilian plant efficient in reducing damage caused by CsA on the rat testis and prostate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CsA and H. tomentosa(administered isolated or simultaneously) on the liver of Wistar rats. The animals were treated daily with water (control), CsA (15mg/kg/day), H. tomentosainfusion or CsA+H. tomentosa, for 21 or 56 days. The treatments did not alter liver morphology or cause fibrosis. H. tomentosaadministered for 21 days increased the number of hepatocyte nuclei and Kupffer cell volumetric proportion. After 56 days of treatment, H. tomentosaadministration did not alter the parameters analyzed. Biochemical plasma dosages and liver stereology showed impairment caused by CsA-treatment after 21 days; these results were not observed after 56 days of treatment. The simultaneous treatment with CsA and H. tomentosafor 21 or 56 days did not alleviate nor accentuate CsA hepatic effects. The present study showed that the 21 days treatment with CsA caused more alteration to the liver than the 56 days treatment; this could be related to hepatic recovery after the long term treatment.

O trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para a micropropagação da minirosa. Foram realizados dois experimentos utilizando explantes retirados de plantas mantidas in vitro. No primeiro experimento, para multiplicação, os explantes foram inoculados em meio MS com BAP, CIN e TCT isoladamente, nas concentrações de 0,00; 0,01; 0,10; 1,00 e 10,00 mg L-1 com 15 tratamentos e 20 explantes por tratamento. Verificou-se aos 80 dias, que o BAP na concentração de 1,0 mg L-1 favoreceu a emissão de gemas e o maior peso fresco dos explantes. Para o enraizamento, foram utilizadas diferentes concentrações da formulação dos sais macronutrientes do meio MS (25; 50; 75 e 100%) combinado com diferentes concentrações de AIB (0,0; 0,1 e 1,0 mg L-1), constituindo um fatorial 4 x 3, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado para os dois experimentos. Aos 60 dias o melhor desenvolvimento das plantas com raízes normais foi observado quando se utilizou o meio MS na sua concentração normal (100%) sem AIB. Dessa forma, para a multiplicação e enraizamento in vitro de minirosa, deve ser utilizado o meio MS com 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP e o meio MS com 100% dos sais sem hormônio, respectivamente.

The objective of this work was to develop a method for the micro-propagation of the China Rose. Two experiments were conducted using explants from plants grown in vitro. In the first experiment, to test multiplication, the explants were separately seeded onto an MS medium with BAP, CIN and TCT, at concentrations of 0.00, 0.01, 0.10, 1.00 and 10.00 mg L-1 with 15 treatments and 20 explants per treatment. After 80 days it was found that BAP at a concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 favoured the emission of buds and the greatest fresh weight of the explants. For rooting, different formulation concentrations of the macronutrient salts in the MS medium (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were used, combined with different concentrations of AIB (0.0, 0.1 and 1.0 mg L-1), forming a 4 x 3 factorial in a completely randomised design for both experiments. After 60 days, the best development of those plants with normal roots was observed when using the MS medium in its normal concentration (100%) without AIB. For multiplication and rooting in vitro of the China Rose therefore, MS medium with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, and MS medium with 100% of hormone free salts should be used, respectively.

PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effects of pentoxifylline against lung injury observed after dorsal scald in aged animals. METHODS: Adult (eight months old) and aged (20 months old) rats were subjected to thermal injury or sham procedure. The six hours post-trauma animals received pentoxifylline and after 24 hours were euthanatized and lung tissue samples collectedted. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was evaluated for total protein content and tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine. Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activety in the lung homogenate were measured and a histological lung examination was undertaken. RESULTS: Burn injury induced oxidative stress in lung homogenate was higher in elderly-burned rats compared to adult-burned rats (p<0.001). Total protein and cytokine in bronchoalveolar lavage increased in the elderly-burned group when compared to the adult-burned group (p<0.001). All parameters decreased in bolth groups treated with pentoxifylline (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The injury was augmented in elderly rats when compared to adult rats. Damage was reduced with the use of pentoxifylline, however further studies are needed to evaluate the dose-response of the drug.

A micropropagação é uma ferramenta promissora que pode ser utilizada para propagação e preservação de muitas espécies de plantas medicinais que vêm sendo exploradas de forma indiscriminada e que estão em vias de extinção. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de induzir o crescimento in vitro de brotações de macela, em meio de cultura MS com diferentes concentrações de GA3 (0; 0,1 e 0,5 mgL-1) e BAP (0; 1 e 2 mgL-1). Foram utilizadas brotações de macela com diâmetro médio de 1,5 cm, retiradas de plantas preestabelecidas in vitro, inoculadas em frascos contendo 40 ml do meio de cultura e mantidas em sala de crescimento com temperatura média de 26 ± 1oC, fotoperíodo de 16 h e intensidade luminosa em torno de 2000 lux fornecida por lâmpada tipo fluorescente branca fria. Utilizou-se como delineamento experimental um fatorial 3 x 3, num total de nove tratamentos com 15 explantes por tratamento. Aos 30 dias, verificou-se o maior crescimento em altura das plantas, no tratamento com 0,5 mgL-1 de GA3 na ausência de BAP. O maior número de brotações ou crescimento em diâmetro foi observado com maiores concentrações dos reguladores. Porém, na presença dos reguladores ocorreu um maior número de plantas com folhas hiperhídricas e malformadas.

Micropropagation is a promising tool that can be utilized for propagation and preservation of many medicinal species that are being explored in an indiscriminated form and are under the risk of extinction. This work had as an objective to induce the growth in vitro of macela clusters in MS culture medium with different concentrations of GA3 (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mgL-1) and BAP (0, 1.0 and 2.0 mgL-1). Macela clusters or buddings with 1.5 cm of average diameter obtained from in vitro established plants were inoculated in glass containing 40ml of culture medium and keept in a growing room with light (2000 lux) supplied by cool white fluorescent lamps for 16 hours daily at 26 ± 1oC. The experiment design was 3 x 3 fatorial using a total of nine treatments with 15 explants each. On the 30th day, the highest plant was observed in the treatment with 0.5 mgL-1 GA3 in the absence of BAP. The greatest number of buddings or diameter growing was observed in the highest levels of growing regulators. However in the presence of growing regulators there was a great number of ill-shaped and vitrified leaves.

Segmentos de folhas de plântulas de urucum (Bixa orellana L), foram cultivados in vitro, em um meio básico idealizado por Murashige & Skoog (1962), suplementado com 0,5mg/l dos reguladores do crescimento, benzilaminopurina (BAP), cinetina (KN) e isopentenil-adenina (2iP), isolados ou combinados entre si, com o objetivo de avaliar qual a melhor citocinina ou combinação destas para indução de brotações de boa qualidade visando à micropropagação. Após 60 dias de cultivo, as gemas obtidas foram transferidas para um meio MS modificado, contendo a metade da formulação de sais minerais, sem a suplementação de reguladores do crescimento. Gemas de melhor qualidade foram obtidas nos tratamentos onde a KN e o BAP estavam em combinação. A KN sozinha não foi eficiente na indução de brotações. O maior número de gemas por explante foi obtido com KN, BAP e 2iP e no tratamento com apenas BAP.

Excised leaf explants of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seedlings were cultivated on a Murashige & Skoog basal medium containing benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KN) and isopentenyl-adenine (2iP) individually or in combination, each at concentration of 0.5mg/l, with the purpose of evaluated the best cytokinins or cytokinins combination for shoot bud formation. After 60 days, regenerated shoots were transferred to half strenght MS medium without growth regulators. Best shoots were observed where KN and BAP were added in combination. Isolated KN was ineffective for shoot bud formation. The maximum average number of shoot buds per leaf explant was obtained on medium with BAP, KN and 2iP in combination and on medium supplied of isolated BAP.