Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Acustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography in mammary parenchyma and supramammary lymph nodes, for detection of active mastitis in sheep with naturally infected chronic fibrous lesions. 27 female sheep were included and B-mode ultrasound and ARFI elastography images were obtained, acquiring qualitative (echogenicity and echotexture) and quantitative (shear rate, depth and short/long axis ratio) variables of 48 mammary glands. The glands were divided into three experimental groups: control group (CG) - healthy animals; LSCC- animals that presented fibrous lesions and SCC (somatic cell count) less than 500 x 103 cls/mL; HSCC: animals that presented fibrous lesions and SCC (somatic cell count) more than 500 x 103 cls/mL; The qualitative variables using B-mode ultrasonography, including echotexture and echogenicity, showed no significant differences between the evaluated groups and tissues (p = 0.9336 and p = 0.233, respectively) .In healthy areas of the gland, it was an increasing in shear wave velocity (SWV) in LSCC than in HSCC (p=0.04). When comparing the fibrosis in the LSCC and HSCC groups with their respective normal areas, the velocity increased in both groups: LSCC (p= 0,0007) and HSCC (p= 0,0001). When comparing the areas of fibrosis in LSCC and HSCC with the CG parenchyma, there was an increase in LSCC (p=0.001) and HSCC (p=0.0001). B-mode ultrasound indicate predominance of hypoechoic echogenicity in lymph nodes and reduced short/long axis ratio in cases of active subclinical mastitis. The supramammary lymph node showed increased SWV when comparing the CG with HSCC groups (p=0.02) and GC with LSCC (p=0.04). B-mode ultrasonography is useful for evaluating the mammary parenchyma, however, its application as a standalone diagnostic technique is not recommended. ARFI elastography indicates potential cutoff points for differentiating subclinical mastitis from healed mastitis, highlighting its importance as a tool for distinguishing normal areas from fibrous parenchymal areas. While this study did not establish specific cutoff points due to sample size limitations, further research with larger sample sizes could explore and define these critical thresholds. (ARFI 2 Bmode B mode obtained rate shortlong short long 4 (CG somatic count 50 10 cls/mL clsmL cls mL 09336 0 9336 0.933 0233 233 0.233 respectively In gland (SWV p=0.04. p004 p=0.04 . 04 (p=0.04) p= 0,0007 00007 0007 0,0001. 00001 0,0001 0001 0,0001) p=0.001 p0001 001 (p=0.001 p=0.0001. p00001 p=0.0001 (p=0.0001) p=0.02 p002 02 (p=0.02 however recommended limitations thresholds 5 1 0933 933 0.93 023 23 0.23 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.04 0,000 0000 000 p=0.00 p000 00 (p=0.00 p0000 p=0.000 (p=0.0001 (p=0.0 093 93 0.9 0.2 p0 p=0. 0,00 (p=0.000 (p=0. 09 9 0. p=0 0,0 (p=0 0,

ABSTRACT Purpose: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for the treatment of gallbladder (GB) disease in small animals. The aims of this study were to investigate and compare the effect of different types of dissectors during LC in rabbits; electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing device (EBVS-LigaSure) and standard electrosurgical dissection (bipolar Maryland) for dissection of the GB in LC, correlating liver function tests (LFTs) in pre and postoperative periods (days 0, 3, 7, 15); macroscopic checking 15 days after surgery through necropsy; histopathological, bacteriological through bacterial growth by culture and intraoperative complications. Methods: Twenty rabbits were used, group (n = 10) using EBVS for GB dissection and cystic duct seal (GLL), and group (n = 10) using bipolar dissecting forceps and EVBS for cystic duct seal (GLE). Results: A higher concentration of alkaline phosphatase was observed on GLL 15 days after surgery when compared to GLE. In addition, GLE resulted in a higher concentration of alanine aminotransferase at three days when compared to GLL. Conclusion: In LC no significant statistical differences were found between EBVS and bipolar Maryland; both devices are equally safe and effective in LC. Further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of these devices in animals with gallbladder pathologies. Therefore, clinical studies are necessary. Purpose (LC (GB EBVSLigaSure LigaSure (EBVS-LigaSure Maryland LFTs (LFTs 0 3 7 15) 1 necropsy histopathological complications Methods used n 10 GLL, , (GLL) . (GLE) Results addition Conclusion pathologies Therefore necessary (GLL (GLE

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this randomized study was to compare the complications and perioperative outcome of three different techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Changes in the liver function test after LC techniques were investigated. Also, we compared the degree of postoperative adhesions and histopathological changes of the liver bed. Methods: Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: group A) Fundus-first technique by Hook dissecting instrument and Roeder Slipknot applied for cystic duct (CD) ligation; group B) conventional technique by Maryland dissecting forceps and electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing (EBVS) for CD seal; group C) conventional technique by EBVS for gallbladder (GB) dissection and CD seal. Results: Group A presented a longer GB dissection time than groups B and C. GB perforation and bleeding from tissues adjacent to GB were similar among tested groups. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels increased (p ≤ 0.05) on day 3 postoperatively in group A. By the 15th postoperative day, the enzymes returned to the preoperative values. Transient elevation of hepatic transaminases occurred after LC in all groups. Group A had a higher adherence score than groups B and C and was associated with the least predictable technique. Conclusions: LC can be performed using different techniques, although the use of EBVS is highly recommended. Purpose LC. . (LC) investigated Also bed Methods Fundusfirst Fundus first (CD ligation (EBVS seal (GB Results Gammaglutamyl Gamma glutamyl p 0.05 005 0 05 th values Conclusions recommended (LC 0.0 00 0.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate modifications of vaginal mucous impedance, vulvar temperature and ultrasonographic measurements (echobiometric parameters) to parturition in pregnant Saanen does. 30 does were selected for the study and submitted to an estrus synchronization protocol and natural mating. The females were evaluated daily from Day 143 of pregnancy to parturition. For the sonographic evaluations, the following structures were measured: biparietal diameter, thoracic diameter, abdominal diameter, ocular orbit, kidney length, kidney height, cardiac area, placentome length, cervical measurement and fetal heart rate; by means of two different approaches: transrectal and transabdominal, using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. The vaginal mucous impedance was assessed using an electric estrous detector and vulvar temperature was measured using a non-contact infrared thermometer. Statistical analysis was performed using the R-project software and the significance level was set at 5% for all tests. 25 Saanen does became pregnant, resulting in 80.33% pregnancy rate. Fetal heart rate was negatively correlated to the hours to parturition (p<0,001; r-Pearson= -0,451), as well as vaginal temperature (p= 0,001; r-Pearson= -0,275), while cervical thickness was positively correlated to hours to parturition (p<0,001; r-Pearson= 0,490). The echobiometric parameters (biparietal diameter, thoracic diameter, abdominal diameter, ocular orbit, kidney length and height, cardiac area, placentome length), as well as vaginal mucous impedance did not vary throughout the timepoints of evaluation and did not correlate to the moment of parturition. It was concluded that the parameters of fetal heartbeat, vaginal temperature and cervical effacement in the last week of pregnancy provide valuable information regarding the proximity of parturition. 3 mating 14 evaluations diameter orbit height area approaches transabdominal 75 7 5 7. transducer noncontact non contact thermometer Rproject R project tests 2 8033 80 33 80.33 p<0,001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0,001 rPearson= rPearson r Pearson= Pearson r-Pearson 0,451, 0451 0,451 , 451 -0,451) p= (p 0,001 0001 0,275, 0275 0,275 275 -0,275) 0,490. 0490 0,490 . 490 0,490) length) heartbeat 1 803 8 80.3 p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 045 0,45 45 -0,451 0,00 000 027 0,27 27 -0,275 049 0,49 49 80. p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 04 0,4 4 -0,45 0,0 02 0,2 -0,27 p<0, p0 (p<0, 0, -0,4 -0,2 p<0 (p<0 -0, p< (p< -0 -