Resumo Devido à extensa aplicação de antibióticos como promotores de crescimento na alimentação animal, a resistência aos antimicrobianos aumentou. Para superar esse desafio, os microbiologistas do rúmen buscam novos probióticos para melhorar a produtividade do gado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e avaliar bactérias lácticas específicas de raças (BAL) como potenciais probióticos animais. 12 cepas foram isoladas de diferentes amostras, incluindo leite, rúmen e fezes de búfalos Nilli Ravi. Esses isolados foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial antimicrobiano contra patógenos animais comuns (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). Todos os isolados foram identificados por meio do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA e as análises filogenéticas inferiram que essas cepas apresentaram estreita relação com as espécies de vários gêneros; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis e Lactococcus lactis. O perfil probiótico dos isolados foi obtido usando critérios padrão, particularmente com propriedades probióticas animais.

Abstract Due to extensive application of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed, antimicrobial resistance has been increased. To overcome this challenge, rumen microbiologists search for new probiotics to improve the rate of livestock production. The present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate breed-specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as potential animal probiotics. The current study was conducted during 10 months from July 2020 to April 2021, in which a total of n=12 strains were isolated from different samples including milk, rumen, and feces of Nilli Ravi Buffaloes. These isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against common animal pathogens (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). All the isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the phylogenetic analyses inferred that these strains showed close relations to the species of various genera; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis, and Lactococcus lactis. NMCC-Ru2 has exhibited the enormous potential of antimicrobial activity, 28 mm, for Salmonella typhimurium;23 mm for Listeria monocytogenes 21 mm for E.coil. Highest resistance was seen in NMCC-Ru2 agasint test antbiotic, like 25.5 mm for Tetracycline. Overall results revesl that the probiotic profile of isolates was achieved using standard criteria, particularly with animal probiotic properties

Resumo O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta a importância antiviral e antibacteriana da gordura corporal de Saara hardwickii, comumente chamado de lagarto de cauda espinhosa. O óleo foi extraído de gorduras corporais localizadas na região ventral desse animal usando hidrocarbonetos, por exemplo, n-hexano, metanol, butanol e acetato de etila, como solvente. A atividade antibacteriana do óleo do lagarto foi testada em linhagens padrão e multirresistentes de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Proteus vulgaris, de forma isolada e com antibiótico ampicilina. Para o potencial antibacteriano, acetato de etila e extrato de butanol apresentaram melhor zona de inibição (7 mm) com P. aeruginosa e S. aureus, respectivamente. Para o potencial antiviral, o extrato de butanol e o extrato de metanol apresentaram melhor título de hemaglutinação de 4 com as cepas virais NDV e IBV, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o óleo do lagarto possui potencial antimicrobiano contra diferentes cepas de patógenos (vírus e bactérias).

Abstract Present research work represents antiviral and antibacterial value of body fat of Saara hardwickii commonly called as spiny tailed lizard. Oil was extracted from body fats located in the ventral region of this animal using hydrocarbons e.g., n-hexane, methanol, butanol and ethyl acetate as a solvent. The antibacterial activity of lizard oil was tested against standard as well as multi-resistant lines ofEscherichia coli, Styphalococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris alone and with antibiotic ampicillin. For antibacterial potential, Ethyl acetate and Butanol solvent extract showed best zone of inhibition (7mm) with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. For antiviral potential, Butanol and Methanol extract showed best HA (Hemagglutination) titer of 04 with NDV and IBV viral strain respectively. It is concluded that lizard oil has antimicrobial potential against different pathogens strains (virus, bacteria).

ABSTRACT The appropriate bond strength between the layers with different concrete strengths is considered the most important concern for the layered elements. An experimental study has been approved to produce structural lightweight concrete with a compressive strength not decreasing by 18 MPa and a unit weight not increasing by 2000 kg/m3 and high-strength concrete with a compressive strength not decreasing by 60 MPa and then investigate the bond strength between new high-strength concrete and old lightweight concrete with different treatment cases and different compressive concrete strengths. Mix with 0% perlite meets the requirements of the targeted high-strength concrete, and mixes with 30%, 40%, and 50% perlite meet the requirements of the targeted structural lightweight concrete, and they can be used for testing bond strength with different treatment methods. The new concrete jackets have a concrete strength of 62.5 MPa, and the old concrete cube's strength is varied between 18.4, 21.8, and 38.08 MPa. A total of eleven bond strength test specimens were cast with different parameters. The specimen interface was arranged by different systems: roughness, agent material, and nails. The roughness techniques used were hand-wire brushing, grinding, or hand chiseling. Theoretical results were compared with the experimental data. It was concluded that using a new high-strength concrete with two times the strength of the old lightweight concrete and treating it with nails is the best technique to achieve an economic and acceptable value of bond strength. The nails achieved a good bond between the fresh and hardened concrete owing to the developed shear friction. The hand-chiseling roughness method gives the best bond strength results. The high difference in concrete strengths between the fresh high-strength jackets and the hardened lightweight cube isn’t mandatory to enhance the interface bond strength between them. elements 1 200 kgm3 kgm kg m3 m kg/m highstrength 6 0 30 30% 40 40% 50 methods 625 62 5 62. cubes s 184 4 18.4 218 21 8 21.8 3808 38 08 38.0 parameters systems material handwire wire brushing grinding chiseling data friction handchiseling isnt isn t them 20 3 18. 2 21. 380 38.

Abstract Introduction Almost 25% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have synchronous colorectal liver metastasis (SCLM) coinciding with the disease diagnosis. Liver-first approach for the treatment of SCLM involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy, subsequent liver resection, and then primary tumor resection. This strategy is adopted as the prognosis of the disease depends mainly on the metastases, not the primary tumor. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the liver-first approach and clinical prognosis in managing SCLM. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 25 patients with SCLM from July 2015 to July 2020. All patients were subjected to a liver-first approach with an "intention-to-treat" approach. Follow-up was planned for at least 3 years. Data were collected from the hospital records and included survival rates and univariate analyses of the prognostic factors, such as gender, age, and number of chemotherapy cycles to evaluate their effect on the survival probability. Results Nineteen patients completed the treatment paradigm. Long-term outcomes reported a median overall survival (OS) of 32 months. One-year and 3-year survival probabilities were 89.5% and 42.1%, respectively. The median disease-free survival was 13 months. The number of metastatic lesions, unilobar versus bilobar disease, and the frequency of administered chemotherapy cycles significantly affected survival (p < 0.05). Seven patients (36.84%) remained disease free (no recurrence) while 2 patients (10.53%) survived with recurrence. The overall mortality included 10 deaths (52.63%) due to recurrence. Conclusion Synchronous colorectal liver metastasis treated with the liver-first approach achieved a notable overall advantage. However, the recurrence rate remained relatively high. CRC (CRC (SCLM diagnosis Liverfirst Liver first resection metastases liverfirst 201 2020 intentiontotreat intention treat "intention-to-treat Followup Follow up years factors gender age probability paradigm Longterm Long term OS (OS months Oneyear One year 3year 895 89 5 89.5 421 42 1 42.1% respectively diseasefree lesions p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 36.84% 3684 36 84 (36.84% no 10.53% 1053 53 (10.53% 52.63% 5263 52 63 (52.63% advantage However high 20 202 8 89. 4 42.1 00 0.0 36.84 368 (36.84 10.53 105 (10.53 52.63 526 6 (52.63 42. 0. 36.8 (36.8 10.5 (10.5 52.6 (52.6 36. (36. 10. (10. 52. (52. (36 (10 (52 (3 (1 (5 (

ABSTRACT The goal of the current study was to determine how selenium-supplemented diets affected the growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry of Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens. Organic and inorganic selenium (SE) was fed to the birds at 0.30ppm, whereas the control diet was not supplemented with selenium in either organic or inorganic form. A total of 225 day-old RIR chicks were indiscriminately distributed in three groups according to the experimental diets, in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was repeated 5 times (replicates), and each replicate had 15 birds. Parameters of growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood biochemistry were assessed. Birds fed an inorganic selenium-supplemented diet had higher feed intake than those fed an organic selenium-supplemented diet or the control diet, whereas birds fed an organic selenium-supplemented diet had higher body weight gains and better feed conversion ratios. Birds fed organic SE in the diet showed higher breast and thigh weight than those receiving inorganic Se, whereas dressing percentage, drumstick yield, and weights of liver, gizzard, heart, and wing were not significantly different across treatments. The organic Se group showed higher values for total protein and globulin in the blood relative to those fed inorganic Se and the control diet. Similarly, organic Se fed birds showed higher blood Se concentration than the other two groups. However, no significant differences in albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid were observed among the diets. These results lead to the conclusion that organic Se may be utilized in diets to improve the poor performance of RIR chicken. seleniumsupplemented traits (RIR chickens (SE 030ppm ppm 0 30ppm 0.30ppm form 22 dayold day old design replicates, replicates , (replicates) 1 characteristics assessed ratios percentage yield liver gizzard heart treatments Similarly However albumin glucose cholesterol triglycerides chicken 2 (replicates

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, tem havido um interesse crescente no uso de probióticos como uma alternativa aos antibióticos. Pesquisadores conduziram estudos para investigar cepas bacterianas quanto ao seu potencial probiótico. Como outros animais, os peixes também têm várias cepas bacterianas em seus intestinos que possuem propriedades probióticas, embora isso seja limitado a espécies de Bacillus. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi isolar e caracterizar espécies probióticas de Bacillus do intestino de peixe Masheer (Tor Puititora). Quatro isolados bacterianos puros foram selecionados como potenciais cepas probióticas com base em critérios de seleção, incluindo taxa de sobrevivência em ácido e sal biliar. Os isolados exibiram atividade antimicrobiana significativa contra bactérias patogênicas, incluindo Escherichia coli (ATCC8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC9027) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538). MF2 e MF3 demonstraram zonas claras, incluindo atividade antimicrobiana contra todos os três patógenos indicadores. MF1 e MF4 exibiram atividade antimicrobiana contra E. coli (ATCC8739) e P. aeruginosa (ATCC9027). Além disso, as sequências do gene 16S rRNA de todos os isolados exibiram uma associação próxima com Bacillus tequilensis (KCTC13622), com similaridade de nucleotídeos de 98,63%, 98,25%, 98,80% e 98,35%, respectivamente. Nossos resultados demonstram que esses isolados bacterianos mostram-se promissores como uma alternativa aos antibióticos no sistema alimentar da pesca. Neste estudo, todos os isolados identificados no intestino dos peixes eram subespécies de B. tequilensis. décadas probiótico animais Portanto Tor Puititora. Puititora . Puititora) seleção biliar patogênicas ATCC8739, ATCC8739 ATCC , ATCC9027 (ATCC9027 ATCC6538. ATCC6538 (ATCC6538) MF claras indicadores E (ATCC8739 P ATCC9027. disso S KCTC13622, KCTC13622 KCTC (KCTC13622) 9863 98 63 98,63% 9825 25 98,25% 9880 80 98,80 9835 35 98,35% respectivamente mostramse mostram se pesca B ATCC873 ATCC902 (ATCC902 ATCC653 (ATCC6538 (ATCC873 KCTC1362 (KCTC13622 986 9 6 98,63 982 2 98,25 988 8 98,8 983 3 98,35 ATCC87 ATCC90 (ATCC90 ATCC65 (ATCC653 (ATCC87 KCTC136 (KCTC1362 98,6 98,2 98, 98,3 ATCC8 ATCC9 (ATCC9 ATCC6 (ATCC65 (ATCC8 KCTC13 (KCTC136 (ATCC (ATCC6 KCTC1 (KCTC13 (KCTC1 (KCTC

Abstract Over the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in using probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics. Researchers have conducted studies to investigate bacterial strains for their probiotic potential. Like other animals, fish also have several bacterial strains in their gut that possess probiotic properties, although this is limited to Bacillus species. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and characterize probiotic Bacillus species from the gut of Masheer fish (Tor Puititora). Four pure bacterial isolates were selected as potential probiotic strains based on selection criteria, including survival rate in acid and bile salt. The isolates exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (ATCC8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC9027), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538). MF2 and MF3 demonstrated clear zones, including antimicrobial activity against all three indicator pathogens. MF1 and MF4 exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli (ATCC8739) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC9027). Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene sequences of all isolates exhibited a close association with Bacillus tequilensis (KCTC13622), with nucleotide similarity of 98.63%, 98.25%, 98.80%, and 98.35%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that these bacterial isolates show promise as an alternative to antibiotics in the fisheries food system. In this study, all isolates identified in the fish gut were subspecies of B. tequilensis. decades animals properties Therefore Tor Puititora. Puititora . Puititora) criteria salt bacteria ATCC8739, ATCC8739 ATCC , ATCC9027, ATCC9027 (ATCC9027) ATCC6538. ATCC6538 (ATCC6538) MF zones pathogens E (ATCC8739 P ATCC9027. Furthermore S KCTC13622, KCTC13622 KCTC (KCTC13622) 9863 98 63 98.63% 9825 25 98.25% 9880 80 98.80% 9835 35 98.35% respectively system B ATCC873 ATCC902 (ATCC9027 ATCC653 (ATCC6538 (ATCC873 KCTC1362 (KCTC13622 986 9 6 98.63 982 2 98.25 988 8 98.80 983 3 98.35 ATCC87 ATCC90 (ATCC902 ATCC65 (ATCC653 (ATCC87 KCTC136 (KCTC1362 98.6 98.2 98.8 98.3 ATCC8 ATCC9 (ATCC90 ATCC6 (ATCC65 (ATCC8 KCTC13 (KCTC136 98. (ATCC9 (ATCC6 (ATCC KCTC1 (KCTC13 (KCTC1 (KCTC

Abstract Two quinoxalinone derivatives, namely 3- (p-tolyl)-3.4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-(1H)-one (Q1) and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3.4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-(1H)-one (Q2), were used and investigated as potential corrosion inhibitors for OS in a 1 M HCl solution, at C from 10-6 to 10-3 M, using PDP, EIS measurements and GQCD calculations. EIS results indicate that Q1 and Q2 IE(%) increased with higher C and reached maximum values of 86.2 and 92.5%, at 10-3 M, respectively. The inhibitors adsorption mechanism onto the OS surface was found to obey the Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm model. PDP data displayed that Q1 and Q2 acted as mixed inhibitors, predominantly of the cathodic type. The theoretical results showed that the obtained parameters were in good agreement with the experimental data. Q2 compound had better IE(%), due to the inductive effect of CH3 electro-donor group in dihydroquinoxaline position.

Successful endodontic treatment is achieved by a combination of factors which include acceptable instrumentation, optimal irrigation and disinfection of the root canal system. It is vital that a suitable antimicrobial agent be used during irrigation and sodium hypochlorite emerges as the optimal agent to be used as it complies with most of the criteria of an ideal irrigant. Sodium hypochlorite is a popular choice as an endodontic irrigant due to its solvent activity as well as its antimicrobial action. The tissue dissolving ability of sodium hypochlorite depends on its concentration, volume, contact time of solution with tissue remnants, refreshment and/or activation cycles of solution, as well as the surface area of exposed tissue. instrumentation system action concentration volume remnants andor or

Abstract Introduction: Increasing abdominal pressures could affect pulmonary compliance and cardiac performance, a fact based on which the aim of the present study to detect the cardiopulmonary burden of multiple retractors application during supine versus lateral abdominal surgeries. We hypothesized that surgical ring multiple retractors application would affect the pulmonary and cardiac functions during both lateral and supine abdominal surgeries. Methods: Prospective observational comparative study on forty surgical patients subdivided into two groups twenty each, comparing pulmonary compliance and cardiac performance before, during and after retractors application, group (S) supine position cystectomy surgery, and group (L) lateral position nephrectomy surgery under general anesthesia, Composite 1ry outcome; dynamic compliance C-dyn and cardiac index CI and Other outcome variables ICON cardio-meter were also recorded. Results: C-dyn and C-stat were significantly decreased late during retractor application in lateral compared to supine surgery with significant decrease compared to basal values all over the surgical time. CI was significantly increased after retractor removal in both of the study groups compared to basal values. PAW P was significantly increased in -lateral compared to supine surgery -with significant increase compared to basal value all over the surgical time in both of the study groups. significant increase in DO2I compared to basal value during both supine and lateral positions. Conclusion: Surgical retraction results in a short-lived significant decreases in lung compliance and cardiac output particularly during the lateral-kidney position than the supine position compliance. Introduction surgeries Methods each before S (S L (L anesthesia ry Cdyn C dyn cardiometer cardio meter recorded Results Cstat stat DOI DO I positions Conclusion shortlived short lived lateralkidney kidney

Abstract In this study, a hybrid control strategy is proposed to improve the tracking performance of lower limb exoskeleton system dedicated for rehabilitation the motion of hip and knee limbs in disabled persons. The proposed controller together with exoskeleton device is practically instructive to make exercises for people suffering weakness in their lower limbs. The proposed controller combined both active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) with sliding mode control (SMC) to get their powerful characteristics in terms of rejection capability and robustness characteristics. The dynamic modelling of swinging lower limbs are developed and the controller has been designed accordingly. The numerical simulations have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of proposed controller. A comparison study in performance has been performed between the proposed controller and the traditional controller ADRC based on proportional-derivative controller. The simulated results showed that the proposed controller has better tracking performance than conventional version. In addition, the results showed that the sliding mode-based ADRC can considerably reduce the chattering level and better rejection capability, fast tracking behavior and less control effort. persons (ADRC SMC (SMC accordingly proportionalderivative proportional derivative version addition modebased effort

Resumo Os pesticidas piretróides são comumente usados para controle de pragas na agricultura, veterinária e hortas domésticas. Atualmente eles apresentam riscos aumentados para organismos não-alvo associados a seres humanos devido ao seu uso considerável. O presente trabalho analisou o isolamento de bactérias com tolerância a altas concentrações de bifentrina e cipermetrina de solo contaminado. A técnica de cultura de enriquecimento (concentração de bifentrina = 50-800 mg/L) foi utilizada para o isolamento bacteriano. Bactérias que apresentaram crescimento em meio mínimo com bifentrina também foram subcultivadas em meio mínimo com cipermetrina. Bactérias apresentando crescimento luxuoso em ambos os piretróides foram triadas com base em seus parâmetros morfológicos, bioquímicos e pelo Kit API 20NE. Estudos filogenéticos revelaram que, um isolado bacteriano (MG04) pertencente a Acinetobacter lwoffii e outros cinco isolados bacterianos (MG06, MG05, MG01, MG03 e MG02) agrupam-se com Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida respectivamente. Membros isolados dos gêneros Pseudomonas e Acinetobacter podem ser usados para estudos de degradação mais detalhados usando análises de FTIR, HPLC-MS ou GC-MS. agricultura domésticas nãoalvo não alvo considerável contaminado concentração 50800 50 800 50-80 mg/L mgL mg L morfológicos 20NE NE MG04 MG (MG04 MG06, MG06 (MG06 MG05 MG01 MG0 MG02 agrupamse agrupam se aeruginosa respectivamente FTIR HPLCMS HPLC MS GCMS. GCMS GC MS. GC-MS 5080 5 80 50-8 (MG0 508 8 50- (MG

Abstract Pyrethroid pesticides are commonly used for pest control in agriculture setup, veterinary and home garden. They are now posing increased risks to non-targeted organisms associated to human beings due to their considerable use. The present work deals with the isolation of bacteria with tolerance to high concentrations of bifenthrin and cypermethrin from contaminated soil. Enrichment culture technique (bifenthrin concentration = 50-800 mg/L) was used for bacterial isolation. Bacteria that showed growth on minimal media with bifenthrin were also sub-cultured on minimal media with cypermethrin. Bacteria showing luxurious growth on both the pyrethroid, were screened out based on their morphological, biochemical parameters and by API 20NE Kit. Phylogenetic studies revealed that, one bacterial isolate (MG04) belonging to Acinetobacter lwoffii and other five bacterial isolates (MG06, MG05, MG01, MG03 and MG02) cluster with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida respectively. Isolated members of genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter could be used for further detailed degradation studies by using FTIR, HPLC-MS or GC-MS analysis. setup garden nontargeted non targeted use soil 50800 50 800 50-80 mg/L mgL mg L subcultured sub cultured pyrethroid morphological NE Kit MG04 MG (MG04 MG06, MG06 (MG06 MG05 MG01 MG0 MG02 aeruginosa respectively FTIR HPLCMS HPLC MS GCMS GC analysis 5080 5 80 50-8 (MG0 508 8 50- (MG

The antibacterial activity of root canal sealers may contribute to the eradication of remaining bacteria in root canals following canal shaping and debridement. AIM: The aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial effect of 3 endodontic sealers: Sealapex™, EndoREZ™ and Guttaflow bioseal™ against Enterococcus faecalis Materials and Methods: This was a laboratory-based comparative study testing the antimicrobial activity of three endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis. The endodontic sealers were tested unset 20 minutes after mixing and after setting. Testing after setting enabled the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of aged sealers after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. A total of 150 samples were used for the study. The tested sealers were divided into 3 groups: • Group 1 (EndoREZ™) n = 45 plates, n = 5 control plates. • Group 2 (Guttaflow bioseal™) n = 45, n = 5 control plates. • Group 3 (Sealapex™) n = 45, n = 5 control plates. RESULTS: All the materials exhibited some activity against the bacteria. The overall greatest antibacterial activity can be seen by Guttaflow bioseal™ (4.46, 0.01) on day 21, followed by Sealapex™ (5.12, 0.05) on day 7 and EndoREZ™ (6.37,0.08) on day 14. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of this study all the endodontic sealers exhibited some antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis with different behaviour patterns at different times.

INTRODUCTION: The use of bioceramic sealers may, on occasion, complicate endodontic retreatment. This is due to their hard setting nature as well as adherence to root dentine which makes them more challenging to dislodge from root canals AIM: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the retreatability of root canals sealed with a bioceramic calcium silicate-based sealer cement MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 permanent human single rooted teeth were selected for the study. After working length and apical patency determination, the teeth were prepared using iRace™ Ni-Ti rotary files. Teeth were divided into four groups (n=30) and obturated as follows: • Group 1: TotalFill BC™ points and TotalFill BC™ sealer with the master GP at WL using basic hydraulic technique • Group 2: TotalFill BC™ points and TotalFill BC™ sealer with the master GP 3mm short of WL using basic hydraulic technique • Group 3: GP and AH Plus™ with the master GP at WL using lateral condensation technique • Group 4: GP and AH Plus™ with the master GP 3mm short of WL using lateral condensation technique • D-Race™ retreatment files and Endosolv™ was used to remove obturation material. RESULTS: The Kruskal-Wallis H test, pairwise and comparison between groups showed that the type of sealer cement and the working length influenced both the retreatability of the canal and retreatment time. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.005) at a 95% CI. CONCLUSION: Fully extended GP will guarantee a passage for retreatment instruments to the apical area of the canal. The sealer and GP application technique during obturation should allow for full extension of the GP within the canal. Improper use of bioceramic sealers diminishes the chances of successful retreatment.

Resumo A presente pesquisa foi realizada para explorar a fauna de aranhas do vale Buner, em um estudo taxonômico realizado de fevereiro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019. Para esse fim, foram coletadas amostras, quatro vezes por mês, a partir de 4 subdistritos: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan e Totalai. Foram utilizados dois métodos, coleta manual e rede de varredura, para a obtenção das amostras. Durante o dia e a noite, foram pesquisados três habitats: área árida, área agrícola e área de construção. Foram coletadas 534 amostras de aranha em quatro locais de amostragem, sendo que 379 pertenciam à família Araneidae. Após a confirmação, as espécies identificadas pertenciam a 8 gêneros (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia e Poltys) e a 19 espécies (18 delas foram identificados em seu nível de espécie, enquanto uma única foi identificada em seu nível genérico). O gênero Neoscona foi dominante (26,31%), com 5 espécies, seguido pelos gêneros Argiope (21,05%), com 4 espécies, Cyclosa (15,78%), com 3 espécies, e Cyrtophora e Araneus (10,52%), com 2 espécies. Poltys e Larinia (5,26%) são os gêneros mais raros, representando a mesma espécie. A análise estatística mostrou que a riqueza de espécies (D) foi de 5,77, o índice de Simpson (1-D) foi de 0,87 e o índice de Shannon (H) foi de 2,33. A diversidade de aranhas foi distribuída uniformemente, e o valor calculado da uniformidade foi H / InS = 0,5408. Também existem poucas espécies atípicas, e o alfa de Fisher (Fisher α) estimou o valor de 4,42. Já Chao-1 estimou 22 espécies.

Abstract The present research was carried out to explore the spider fauna of Buner valley with taxonomic study from February 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose samples were collected, four times at each month from 4 tehsils: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan and Totalai. Two methods were used, hand picking and sweep net for collection of samples. During day and night, three habitats, arid area, agriculture land and building area were search for collection. A total of 534 samples of spider were collected from four sampling sites, in which 379 were belonging to family Araniedae. After confirmation, the identified species were belonging to 8 genera (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia and Poltys) and 19 species. 18 of them were identified to specie level while a single specie to its generic level. The genus Neoscona was the dominant genus 26.31% having 5 species while the genus Argiope 21.05% is the second dominant having 4 species followed by Cyclosa 15.78% having 3 species followed by Cyrtophora and Araneus 10.52% having two species both. The Poltys and Larinia 5.26% are the rarest genera represent single-single specie both. Statistical analysis show that specie richness (D) = 5.77, Simpson index (1-D) = 0.87, Shannon index (H) = 2.33. Diversity of spiders was evenly distributed and calculated Evenness value was H/InS = 0.5408. There is also few atypical species and Fisher alpha estimate high value (Fisher α) = 4.42. Chao-1 estimated we have reported 22 species.