São relatados os resultados de experiência de irrigação e adubação de mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz), realizada em área do Centro Experimental de Campinas, SP. A necessidade de irrigação só ocorreu quando as plantas já se encontravam no início e durante o "repouso fisiológico". Não se verificou influência da irrigação sobre a produção de raízes, ramas ou amido; observou-se, entretanto, ser a variedade IAC 105-66, mais resistente à seca que a branca-de-santa-catarina. Aquela Variedade, quando adubada, também apresentou cerca de 2% a mais de amido. A adubação provocou efeito negativo na produção de raízes, para ambas as Variedades, irrigadas ou não.

This paper reports and discusses the first results obtained in a field trial set up in the Centro Experimental de Campinas, SP, to determine the effects of sprinkler irrigation and fertilization on cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). The statistical analysis of the data showed not significant increase in cassava production due to irrigation or to fertilization. The use of fertilizer contributed to a small decrease in the root production.

Os autores apresentam neste trabalho os resultados de experimento de enraizamento de estacas de amoreira (Morus alba L., var. Catânia 1) com o emprego de hormônio vegetal sintético, ácido Beta indolacético (100 ppm) e soluções de cloreto de cálcio (2,5 5,00 10,00 iônios Ca++/1.000 ml) . Aquela variedade, uma das mais produtiva em folhas que por sua vez se apresentam mais ricas em elementos nutritivos à alimentação do bicho-da-seda (Bombyx mori L.), dificilmente se propaga pela estaquia natural, o que impede seu cultivo no sistema de "cepo". Depois das estacas da amoreira (Morus alba L., var. Catânia 1) terem sido preparadas e tratadas durante 24 horas em vasilhames de polietileno, foram no dia 24 de outubro de 1973, plantadas na posição invertida em substrato ,areia grossa lavada) contido em estufim. A retirada das estacas e consequentemente a conclusão do experimento, verificou-se 110 dias após seu plantio.

In this work we present results of an experiment on the rooting process in Catânia 1 mulberry trees stakes, employing beta idolacetic acid and calcium chloride. The mentioned mulberry tree cultivar, which presents the highest leaves production, is propagated only by grafting, resulting from this that it can't be cultivated in the stump system (branches croping is done a the level of the soil); this does not occur regarding common cultivars, as their multiplication is normally done through stakes. Eight treatments were studied, as follows : a) The 1st one was the test. b) in the 2nd one we had the synthetic vegetable hormone, beta indolacetic acid (100 ppm). c) in the 3rd, 4th and 5th ones, we 've associated beta indolacetic acid to 2.5 ions mg Ca++ per 1,000 ml, 5.0 ions mg Ca++ per 1,000 ml, 10.0 ions mg Ca++ per 1,000 ml, respectively. d) 6th, 7th and 8th ones correspondend to the mentioned solutions of hydra ted calcium chloride. Results shown troughout statistical analysis were as follows: 1 - Thre was not a significative difference among treatments using beta indolacetic when associated or not to calcium chloride. 2 -Treatmensts in which beta indolacetic acid was used were superior to the other treatments on the average. 3 - Considering the conditions the experiment was carried over, we can conclude that the treatment with beta indolacetic acid associated to 10.0 mg Ca++ per 1,000 ml was superior to the other ones, followed by the reament in wich only beta indolacetic acid was employed. 4 - Variation coeficient was 19.08% - considere medium.

São apresentados os resultados de ensaio de competição de novas variedades de morangueiro (Fragaria híbridos), em Monte Alegre, do Sul, no Estado de São Paulo, região com altitude aproximada de 800 m e latitude de 22º e 40', S. A colheita se estendeu de junho a dezembro. As maiores produções no período foram das seguintes variedades: Monte Alegre IAC-3113, Mantiqueira IAC-3976, Camanducaia IAC-3530 e Híbrido IAC-4110. Apenas Monte Alegre IAC-3113 e Campinas IAC-2712 deram boas produções precoces. As melhores produções tardias, em novembro e dezembro, foram obtidas com as variedades: Monte Alegre IAC-3113, Híbrido IAC-4110 e Híbrido IAC-2529. As melhores características comerciais do produto - tamanho, paladar, coloração, firmeza dos frutos - obtiveram-se com as variedades Monte Alegre IAC-3113, Campinas IAC-2712 e Mantiqueira IAC-3976.

A competition trial, among nine strawberry (Fragariasp.) varieties and hybrids, was conducted at Monte Alegre Experimental Station, during the year of 1968. "Dr. Morère", also known as "Comum", formerly the most cultivated variety in the State of São Paulo, was included as standard. The planting was made in April, and the comparison was based on the total yield of fruits, from June to December. Partial productions of the periods June-July and November-December were also considered. It is noteworthy to mention that under São Paulo State market conditions, strawberry get higher prices in June-July period, because harvest is in the beginning and also the fruits are bigger. The obtained data indicated: a) If total yield from June to December was considered, the varieties Monte Alegre IAC-3113, Mantiqueira IAC-3976, Camanducaia IAC-3530 and Hybrid IAC-4110 produced significantly more than other varieties (Hybrid IAC-4109. Campinas IAC-2712, Hybrid IAC-2529, Hybrid IAC-3715 and Dr. Morère I-699); b) Considering the production on the period June-July, Monte Alegre IAC-3113 and Campinas IAC-2712 had the best performance; c) The partial production of the period November-December of the varieties Monte Alegre IAC-3113, Hybrid IAC-4110 and Hybrid IAC-2529 surpassed significantly that of the remaining varieties. Concerning commercial characteristics of the fruit such as size, taste, color and firmness, the varieties M. Alegre IAC-3113, Campinas IAC-2712 and Mantiqueira IAC-3976 exceeded that of the other varieties.

Ensaio de campo foi conduzido em solo latossolo vermelho-amarelo fase argilosa, série Barão, para estudar o efeito do espaçamento dos bulbos de cebola (Allium cepaL.), visando a produção de sementes. Compararam-se quatro espaçamentos em que os bulbos de cebola, na linha de plantio, foram distanciados entre si de 40 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm e 10 cm. O espaçamento menor, de 10 cm entre os bulbos, superou os demais em produção de sementes por área. Como implica na diminuição da área para um mesmo número de bulbos a serem plantados e em menor gasto de adubos e de água para irrigação torna-se ainda mais vantajoso.

This paper reports the results of a spacing experiment with bulbs of onion (Allium cepaL.) where production of seed was considered. Four spacings were compared in a line, i.e., a) 40 cm; b) 30 cm; c) 20 cm and d) 10 cm. The spacing of 10 cm between bulbs showed to be superior to the others in seed production by area. Some other advantages of this spacing are that less space is needed for the same number of bulbs to be planted and that less expenses are incurred in fertilizers, irrigation water and workmanship.

São apresentados os resultados de ensaios de cultivares de morangueiro sob as condições climáticas de duas regiões de clima sub-tropical do Estado de São Paulo. Estudaram-se a produção total do ano e a parcial dos primeiros meses de colheita, quando é maior a cotação do produto. Em uma das localidades a colheita se estendeu de julho a dezembro, e na outra, de junho a dezembro. Em ambas as condições a maior produção (total e parcial) foi obtida com a variedade Monte Alegre TAC-3113. Produções também elevadas foram obtidas com as variedades Campinas IAC-2712, Camanducaia IAC-3530, Híbrido IAC-3592 e outros. Com relação às características comerciais e qualidades do produto, como tamanho, paladar, coloração e firmeza dos frutos, destacaram-se os cultivares: Campinas, Monte Alegre e Camanducaia.

At the Central Experiment Station «Theodureto de Camargo», in Campinas, since 1941, as well as at the Experiment Stations of Monte Alegre do Sul and Jundiai, starting 1952 and 1964, respectively, 49 cultivars were studied and nearly 2,000 «seedlings» obtained from crossings made in the three localities, and also from imported «seeds». In this paper the results of trials made in 1965 at the Experiment Stations of Monte Alegre do Sul and Jundia! are presented. In all of them, variety «Dr. Morère», also known as «Comum», formerly the most cultivated in the State of São Paulo, was used as check plant. At the Experiment Station of Monte Alegre do Sul, 9 varieties were studied. The total yield from July up to December and also the partial one of July-August was studied at a time when prices of strawberry are at the highest, because harvest begins then and also because fruits are bigger. The statistical analysis of data obtained, showed the following results: a) concerning the total yield, cultivar Monte Alegre, without differing from cultivars Camanducaia, Hybrid IAC-3592, Hybrid IAC-3432, Campinas and Hybrid IAC-2747, was superior to all the others (Hybrid IAC-2746, Hybrid IAC-3431 and Dr. Morère) on the level of \%;b) considering the partial yield, cultivar Monte Alegre was superior to all the others to the level of 5% and cultivar Campinas IAC-2712 was superior on the same level, only with regard to variety Dr. Morère or «Comum». At the Experiment Station of Jundiai, the following 5 cultivars entered the competition trial; Monte Alegre, Campinas «Comum». The yield of June up to December was studied and that of June to August as well, the following observations having been made: a) with regard to total yield, Monte Alegre was superior to all the others on the level of 5%; concerning productivity, variety Dr. Morère or «Comum» was inferior to all others on the level of 1%; b) as to partial yield, Monte Alegre nad Campinas with no differences between them, were superior to the Hybrid IAC-2747 and «Comum» on the level of 5%. The yields of the same varieties were better at the Experiment Station of Jundiai, where the acidity of soil, pH = 5.40, which is the best for strawberries, might have influenced. On the other hand, the soil at the Experiment Station of Monte Alegre do Sul showed an acidity equal to 4.30, which is harmful to the plant.

São apresentados os resultados de ensaio em que se compararam novas variedades e híbridos de morangueiro. Foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Monte Alegre do Sul, com altitude aproximada de 800 m e latitude de 22° e 40', para estudar a produção total do ano e a parcial dos dois primeiros meses de colheita, quando é maior a cotação. A colheita se estendeu de junho a dezembro. As maiores produções, total e parcial, foram obtidas com a variedade Monte Alegre IAC-3113. Produções totais também elevadas foram obtidas com as variedades Camanducaia IAC-3530 e Campinas, IAC-2712, e híbridos IAC-3432, IAC-2748 e IAC-2529. Desses, apenas a Campinas IAC-2712 e a Camanducaia IAC-3530 deram produções precoces satisfatórias. Com relação às características comerciais e qualidades do produto, como tamanho, paladar, coloração e firmeza dos frutos, destacaram-se as variedades Campinas IAC-2712, Monte Alegre IAC-3113 e Camanducaia IAC-3530.

In this paper the results obtained in 1966 at the Experimental Station of Monte Alegre do Sul are presented about strawberry variety trials. In all of them, variety «Dr. Morère», also known as «Comum», formerly the most cultivated in the State of São Paulo, was used as check plant. Nine varieties were studied. The total yield of June to December and also the partial one of June-July was studied, when the prices of strawberry are the highest, because harvest is beginning and also because fruits are bigger. The statistical analysis of data obtained showed the following results: a) concerning the total yield, variety Monte Alegre IAC-3113 without differing from varieties Camanducaia IAC-3530, Hybrid IAC-3432 and Hybrid IAC-2748, was superior to all the others (Campinas IAC-2712, Hybrid IAC-2529, Hybrid IAC-2747, Hybrid IAC-3592 and Dr. Morère I-699) to the level of 5%; b) considering the partial production, variety Monte Alegre IAC-3113 was superior to all the others to the level of 1% and variety Campinas IAC-2712, without differing from variety Monte Alegre IAC-3113, was superior to all the others to the level of 1%. Among the varieties studied the following have shown the best qualities: Monte Alegre IAC-3113, Campinas IAC-2712 and Camanducaia IAC-3530.

Em levantamento do uso do solo por fotointerpretação, em cinco municípios do Estado de São Paulo, foram determinadas as porcentagens de floresta, cerrado, pastagem, campo, terra de cultura e área urbana. Complementarmente foram realizadas amostragens de campo em áreas de pasto sorteadas nos mosaicos, com determinação da área basal e sombreamento. As áreas com pastagem variaram de 55 a 78%. Os municípios de Lagoinha e Rancharia, tipicamente pastoris, apresentaram-se com 3 a 8% de agricultura e 78 a 57% de pasto. O município de Pinhal apresentou equilíbrio entre pastagem e agricultura quando tomadas as normas conservacionistas. Nos estudos de sombreamento, áreas basal e colonizada, encontraram-se variações dentro da mesma espécie de gramíneas, entre municípios, e entre as referidas espécies no mesmo município. A baixa densidade de plantas forrageiras nos pastos revela técnicas de manejo diferentes.

Five counties in the State of São Paulo were studied by photo interpretation for land use. Forests, "cerrado" (savanna), grassland, pastures, crop fields and urban areas were determined and located in maps. Field samples, selected by statistical methods, were collected in four counties in order to study the vertical projection of green cover ("sombreamento"), the "basal area", i. e. the soil surface occupied by vegetation, and the "colonized area", that is the area occupied by plant species. The extent of pastures in these counties oscillates between 55 and 78%. Lagoinha and Rancharia counties are typical pasture regions with 78 to 57% of the area occupied by this land use, with 3 to 8% by field crops. Pinhal county presents a balanced use of pastures and crops, according to the land capability. Variations were found in the green covered, in the basal and occupied areas for the same species among counties and among species in the same county. The low density of forage plants in all pastures suggest that a better management is required to improve herb colonization so as to increase cattle production and avoid erosion problems.

São apresentados os resultados da produção de fôlhas de três variedades comuns de amoreira: Calabreza, Fernão Dias e Lopes Lins, conduzidas no sistema de formação em cepo, com mudas plantadas em diferentes espaçamentos e épocas de poda de produção. No primeiro ano agrícola, as melhores produções foram obtidas com a variedade Calabreza, no espaçamento de 1,50 X 1,00 m e com a época de poda mais atrazada, de 20 de julho.

Preliminary results are presented in this paper of an experiment with Morus albaL. designed for the purpose of leaf production and laid out as a factorial 3³ experiment (Cochran - 2 replications), in which were studied three common varieties of mulberry trees : Calabreza, Fernão Dias and Lopes Lins, same being grown and shaped through the "cepo" system and planted in the three spacings 1.5 by 1.0, 1.5 by 1.5 and 1.5 by 2.0 meters, the pruning time having been in three different seasons, i. e., June 10, June 30 and July 20. The first crop year (1964/1965) proved that this trial, installed at the Experiment Station of Pindorama, of the Instituto Agronômico, showed the best production of leaves obtained with the variety Calabreza, when using the 1.5 X 1.0 m spacing and the latest pruning season, namely July 20.

São apresentados resultados experimentais da produção de fôlhas em amoreiras de variedades comuns, durante o período de formação das mudas, com os sistemas denominados de cepo e fuste, em duas regiões, Limeira e Tatuí, do planalto paulista. Os resultados quanto à produção de fôlhas, em dois anos em cada região, permitiram as conclusões: Em Limeira, para a variedade Calabreza, o sistema de fuste foi muito superior ao de cepo. Para as variedades Fernão Dias e Lopes Lins, o sistema de fuste foi também superior, porém, de forma menos acentuada. Em Tatuí, no caso das variedades Calabreza e Fernão Dias, o sistema de cepo mostrou-se, ao contrário, mais produtivo. Para a variedade Lopes Lins, não houve diferença entre os dois sistemas de cultivo experimentados.

In this paper the experimental results are reported on trials with leaf production carried out with common varieties of mulberry trees (Morus alba)during the period of seedlings formatioin by the systems known as "cepo" and "fuste", in two regions of the Paulista Plateau, namely Limeira and Tatuí. Regarding leaf production, in two years, for the regions, results allowed to reach the following conclusions: In Limeira, for the variety Calabreza, the system "fuste" showed highly superior to that named "cepo". As to the varieties Fernão Dias and Lopes Lins, the "fuste" system was also very satisfactory but not in a remarkable manner. In Tatui, as for the varieties Calabreza and Fernão Dias, the "cepo" system, on the contrary, showed to be more productive. Considering the variety Lopes Lins, there was not found any difference between the two tested cultivation systems.

São apresentados os resultados de um ensaio para estudar o efeito da calagem sôbre a produção do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) em solo areno-argiloso, ácido, da formação Glacial, em Campinas. Compararam-se os seguintes tratamentos: a) testemunha (sem calcário); b) com 200 gramas de calcário por metro quadrado; c) com 400 gramas de calcário por metro quadrado e d) com 600 gramas de calcário por metro quadrado. Todos os tratamentos receberam adubação mineral NPK. Embora tivesse sido grande o efeito da calagem sôbre a correção da acidez, e tivesse havido aumento de produção nos tratamentos com calagem, êsses aumentos não se mostraram estatisticamente significativos.

The results obtained with the application of lime (CaO-47.1% MgO- 3.0%) to an acid soil (pH = 4.8) planted to tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at lhe «Theodureto de Camargo» Experiment Station, Campinas, are reported. Four treatments with six replications were compared: check, without lime and with 200, 400 and 600 grams of lime per square meter. The results of these tests indicated that there was no significant difference between the treatments, although the production with 600 g of lime per square meter is 12.7% more than the control.

Nas Estações Experimentais do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas desde 1941, e em Monte Alegre do Sul a partir de 1952, estudaram-se 48 variedades introduzidas e cêrca de 1600 seedlings" obtidos de cruzamentos locais em Campinas e de sementes importadas. As variedades introduzidas e os híbridos criados foram preliminarmente estudados em estufa, e os melhores levados para observações de campo. Os exemplares que apresentaram melhores qualidades e característicos, entraram em ensaios de campo. A variedade Monte Alegre IAC-3113, quanto à produtividade, foi superior a tôdas as outras variedades comparadas. Baseando-se em outros fatôres igualmente importantes, como tipo, tamanho e paladar, destacaram-se as variedades: Campinas IAC-2712; Monte Alegre IAC-3113; Híbrido IAC-2747 e Híbrido I-2005.

In Brazil the strawberry plant has been grown on a domestic scale in kitchen gardens for quite a number of years. As a commercial crop, however, it is of fairly recent date. In the states of Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo, this crop has already attained a decisive level of importance. At the Central Experiment Station "Theodureto de Camargo", in Campinas, since 1941, and at the Experiment Station Monte Alegre, as from 1952 onward, not less than 48 varieties and 1,600 seedlings were studied, the latter being hybrids obtained locally or introduced from other countries. A new series of strawberry variety trials was carried out from 1960 through 1962 at the Monte Alegre Experiment Station, on massape soil type, where experiments with the 13 best varieties had the purpose to compare results with those of variety Dr. Morère I-699. The results allowed the following conclusions: a) variety Monte Alegre IAC-3113, recently introduced by Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, showed vigorous plants, very productive, statistically superior over all studied varieties; the berries are medium to large, globose-conic, glossy, dark red, attractive and of good quality; b) variety Campinas IAC-2712, introduced in 1959, showed vigorous plants, productive, statistically superior to Dr. Morère, but the foliage is susceptible to leaf spot. The berries are large, conical, glossy, medium red, attractive and of very good quality; the fruit maintain their size throughout the season; c) variety IAC-2747, introduced in 1952, had vigorous plants, productive, statistically superior to Dr. Morère, and shows no difference compared to Campinas IAC-2712; the berries are large, globose-conic, medium red, and of median quality; d) variety Dr. Morère I-699, the most cultivated variety in the State of São Paulo and introduced in this state probably from France about 50 years ago, shows plants of medium vigor, not very productive. The berries are medium, conical, glossy, medium red, and of very good quality; the fruit do not keep their size throughout the season; the foliage is susceptible to leaf spot.