Abstract The objective of this study was to prepare three donkey milk yoghurt formulations mixed with goat, cow and buffalo milk. The formulations were developed with 50% donkey milk and 50% cow, buffalo or goat milk. Concentrated mango pulp was added for flavouring. An evaluation was performed on the chemical composition of each milk sample and the formulated yoghurts. The donkey milk showed the lowest values for fat, protein, casein, total solids and non-fat solids. In turn, goat milk reached higher levels of fat and total solids. Furthermore, buffalo milk stood out with the highest values of protein and non-fat solids. Yoghurt made with donkey and buffalo milk showed higher concentrations of protein, lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. In contrast, the yoghurt that contained donkey and cow milk in its formulation obtained a higher fat percentage and a lower percentage of lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. The low content of fat and total solids in donkey milk, in addition to the structure of the casein micelles and small fat globules favor low consistency in fermented products. Thus, mixing donkey milk with milks from other animal species can result in better chemical composition and better consistency.

Abstract The objective of this study was to correlate the gender and behavior of consumers of organic foods enriched with functional properties. The study was carried out by investigating the profile of organic and functional food consumers through the application of a questionnaire. A total of 1230 responses (of the questionnaire) were collected from people from all Brazilian states through social networks and e-mails following the snowball technique during the months of February and March 2017. The results showed that women expressed greater interest in consuming organic foods enriched with functional properties compared to men. Men and women agree that organic food are produced in a sustainable. Their high price, difficult access, irregular supply and availability in few establishments were highlighted as the main limiting factors for not consuming organic food, while an increased motivation (of consumption) was related to the awareness that organic foods are healthier and can improve quality of life. Fruits and vegetables are the most consumed organic foods among men and women, however women consume more functional foods than men. Thus, there are few differences in behavior and eating habits of organic foods between men and women.

Abstract This literature review discusses the concepts and factors that influence industrial cheese yield and compiles the latest studies conducted in Brazil involving this theme. In seeking to support managerial decision-making, cheese yield can be measured at the end of processing or estimated prior to this. In research and industry, measuring and estimating yield can be evaluated under the effect of processing, from different proportions and characteristics of ingredients (mainly milk quality), to processing factors involving the steps of the actual production (handling of the raw material and the curd coagulation conditions, salting, maturation, etc.) and the equipment. The number of Brazilian studies that have sought to answer questions about this topic in recent years was reasonable. The vast majority of them considered yield in its most basic aspect, which is obtained by measuring what was produced. Few studies used the perspective of prediction, indicating that there is room for a more empirical approach that allows for obtaining other types of answers regarding efficiency in the production of cheese, and which is shown as an opportunity for Brazilian research to advance.

Abstract Adverse reactions to food intake have very diverse etiology and symptomatology. Regarding milk, its food allergy is presented as lactose intolerance, the sugar in milk, or allergy to milk protein. Despite having different symptomatology, confusions among allergic conditions to dairy and its mediators are common. Milk protein allergy originates from protein components present in milk, causing reactions to either the protein fractions in emulsion (caseins) or in whey (milk albumin). The allergic reaction is type IV mediated by T lymphocytes. The allergic reaction produces severe cellular damage and it triggers physical, mental and emotional symptomatology that may vary in time, intensity and severity. Lactose intolerance is originated by total or partial absence of the enzyme that digests this disaccharide. Lactose intolerance can be primary or congenital and secondary; the former being more rare and severe, the latter being more common. Lactase deficiency can be diagnosed by symptoms associated with cramping and diarrhea. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a review of available literature on cow’s milk protein allergy and lactose intolerance.