ABSTRACT Objective Subacute thyroiditis is also known as subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, giant cell thyroiditis, painful thyroiditis, and De Quervain’s thyroiditis. Immature granulocytes (IG) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are new inflammatory markers that are easily detected in routine complete blood count (CBC) tests. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IG and NLR as markers of treatment response in patients with subacute thyroiditis. Subjects and methods The study included 41 patients with subacute thyroiditis treated and monitored in our outpatient clinic between April 2020 and April 2022. From a retrospective review of medical records, we recorded results of IG, NLR, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) from blood tests obtained routinely before and after treatment. Results Overall, 31 (75.6%) patients were women and 10 (21.4%) were men. The median age was 41 years (range 22-68 years). The laboratory tests showed the following median (range) results: IG, 0.03 (0.01-0.08); NLR, 3.6 (1.2-5.2); TSH, 0.02 mIU/L (0.01-3.35 mIU/L); fT4, 2.3 ng/dL (1.0-7.0 ng/dL); fT3, 5.6 pmol/L (2.6-15.2 pmol/L); ESR, 49 mm/h (17.0-87 mm/h); and CRP, 73 mg/dL (3.0-188 mg/dL). Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment of subacute thyroiditis is fundamental. In the present study, the new inflammatory markers IG and NLR, measured routinely on CBC tests, decreased significantly after subacute thyroiditis treatment relative to pretreatment values. After treatment, the NLR change correlated with ESR and CRP changes, while the IG change correlated only with CRP change. These findings suggest that the markers IG and NLR may be used to evaluate treatment response in patients with subacute thyroiditis. Quervains Quervain s (IG neutrophiltolymphocyte neutrophil lymphocyte (NLR (CBC 4 202 2022 records thyroidstimulating thyroid stimulating TSH , (TSH) fT4 fT (fT4) fT3 (fT3) (ESR) Creactive C reactive (CRP Overall 3 75.6% 756 75 6 (75.6% 1 21.4% 214 21 (21.4% men range 2268 22 68 22-6 years. . years) 003 0 03 0.0 0.010.08 001008 0.01 0.08 01 08 (0.01-0.08) 36 3. 1.25.2 1252 1.2 5.2 2 5 (1.2-5.2) 002 02 mIUL mIU L 0.013.35 001335 3.35 35 (0.01-3.3 mIU/L) 23 2. ngdL ng dL 1.07.0 1070 1.0 7.0 7 (1.0-7. ng/dL) 56 5. pmolL pmol 2.615.2 26152 2.6 15.2 15 (2.6-15. pmol/L) mmh mm h 17.087 17087 17.0 87 17 (17.0-8 mm/h) mgdL mg 3.0188 30188 3.0 188 (3.0-18 mg/dL. mg/dL) fundamental values changes 20 (TSH (fT4 (fT3 (ESR 75.6 (75.6 21.4 (21.4 226 22- 00 0. 010 0.010.0 00100 001 008 (0.01-0.08 25 1.25. 125 12 1. 52 (1.2-5.2 013 0.013.3 00133 335 3.3 (0.01-3. 07 1.07. 107 70 7. (1.0-7 615 2.615. 2615 26 152 15. (2.6-15 087 17.08 1708 170 17. 8 (17.0- 0188 3.018 3018 30 18 (3.0-1 (fT 75. (75. 21. (21. 0.010. 0010 (0.01-0.0 1.25 (1.2-5. 0.013. 0013 33 (0.01-3 1.07 (1.0- 61 2.615 261 (2.6-1 (17.0 018 3.01 301 (3.0- (75 (21 0.010 (0.01-0. (1.2-5 0.013 (0.01- (1.0 2.61 (2.6- (17. (3.0 (7 (2 (0.01-0 (1.2- (0.01 (1. (2.6 (17 (3. ( (1.2 (0.0 (1 (2. (3 (0. (0

Abstract: This study investigated the production and properties of lightweight hemp composites produced using waste industrial hemp stems cultivated in Turkey. Hemp stems were separated from their fibers and fragmented to obtain hemp shiv aggregates in the laboratory. Twelve mixtures were prepared with varied volumetric ratios of hemp: cement (H:C) and hemp: water (H: W) using different sizes of hemp shiv. The influence of mix proportions on the physical and mechanical properties of hemp composites were investigated. Besides, microstructure of hemp composites was examined. The hemp composites produced were in the apparent density range of 312 to 928 kg/m3 and exhibited 0.20 to 1.24 MPa compressive strength. The water absorptions of samples were in the range of 3.47 and 8.50 kg/m2.h1/2. The apparent density and compressive strength of hemp composites decreased with the increase of H:C ratio, but this situation is the opposite for increase of H: W ratio and hemp shiv size. Besides, increase in H:C ratio or hemp shiv size caused higher water absorptions.