ABSTRACT Du e to the concern with the contamination of food by pesticides, especially coffee, the aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and glyphosate residue in Conilon coffee beans with and without defects and harvested at different times after applying the herbicide. The experiment was in a split-plot design, with the presence or absence of defects in the beans comprising the subplots, and the periods of 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after applying the herbicide corresponding to the split plots. We analyzed the volatile compounds, bioactive compounds, and glyphosate residue in the beans. Regardless of the presence or absence of defects, there was an increase in the concentrations of bioactive compounds in the raw Conilon coffee beans as the interval between applying the herbicide and harvesting the beans was increased. The most abundant volatile compounds per percentage area belonged to the pyrazines, furans and phenols. The amount of glyphosate residue found in the beans exceeded the maximum detectable limit by the ELISA method regardless of the time between application and harvest, corresponding to values that are unacceptable to several purchasing countries, and making the samples unsuitable for export and a risk to food safety. pesticides splitplot plot design subplots 15 30 4 6 plots increased pyrazines phenols harvest countries safety 1 3

ABSTRACT Phosphorus is a major limiting nutrient for crops in tropical regions. In addition, another major challenge for the future agriculture will be to maintain water levels in the soil to ensure satisfactory crop development. This study inserted in this context aimed to evaluate the conditioning caused by phosphorus fertilization and water availability in the soil over the biomass production and nutritional efficiency of plants of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst). To this end, the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with four levels of phosphorus fertilization and three levels of water availability, along of 45 days, in order to obtain information about the production of biomass, nutritional contents, and the patterns of the nutritional efficiency of crambe plants. The results show that increasing the phosphorus supply in the soil promotes greater biomass production in crambe plants. In addition, the increase in water availability and levels of phosphorus fertilization near the recommended level promotes greater nutritional efficiencies in absorb, translocate and use the phosphorus available in the soil.

RESUMEN La disponibilidad de agua y fósforo es una limitante para los cultivos en las regiones tropicales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización fosfatada y la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo sobre la producción de biomasa y la eficiencia nutricional de las plantas de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst). Las plantas fueron cultivadas en un invernadero, con cuatro niveles de fertilización de fósforo y tres niveles de disponibilidad de agua, para estudiar el comportamiento vegetativo entre emergencia y floración. Se evaluó la biomasa, contenido nutricional y patrones de eficiencia nutricional de las plantas. Los resultados muestran un aumento de biomasa al fertilizar con fósforo. Se observa un efecto sinérgico al aumentar la disponibilidad de agua y fósforo, mejorando la eficiencia en la absorción del fósforo disponible en el suelo.

RESUMO A modificação do manejo hídrico na cultura do café Conilon (Coffea canephora) pode ser uma estratégia para melhorar a eficiência do manejo nutricional e garantir um melhor aproveitamento por parte dos genótipos para região de altitude de transição. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as características nutricionais de 27 genótipos de C. canephora, submetidos a dois manejos de água no solo, visando identificar genótipos que apresentam evidências de maiores teores foliares, exportações e potencial de reciclagem de nutrientes em seus ramos produtivos. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema de parcelas subdividida, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram nos 27 genótipos de C. canephora e dois manejos de água no solo (“Irrigado” e “Suprido apenas pela chuva”). Foram avaliados os teores nutricionais foliares, os conteúdos nutricionais exportados pelos frutos e os conteúdos nutricionais potencialmente recicláveis após a poda (folhas e caule dos ramos plagiotrópicos), dos macronutrientes: nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio. Houve diferenciação entre os genótipos para todas as características avaliadas em ambos os manejos de água no solo. Porém, houve formação de um maior número de grupos homogêneos entre os genótipos no manejo irrigado. Os genótipos apresentaram distinção nas características nutricionais em resposta aos manejos de água no solo. Os genótipos 108 e 302 acumularam maiores conteúdos nutricionais exportado pelos frutos, independentemente do manejo de água no solo.

ABSTRACT The modification of water management in the Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) crop is a possible strategy to improve nutritional management efficiency and ensure better use of the genotypes for regions of transitional altitude. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of 27 genotypes of C. canephora and submit them to two water management schemes in soil. The goal was to find evidence of higher leaf contents, exports, and nutrient recycling potential in the productive branches of various genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications in a split-plot scheme. The treatment consisted of 27 genotypes of C. canephora and two water management schemes in soil (“Irrigated” and “Rainfed”). Nutritional content in leaves, exported by fruits, and pruned (leaves and stem of plagiotropic branches) recyclable contents were evaluated for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Variations were observed among genotypes for all the parameters evaluated in both water management in soil. However, significant homogeneous groups were formed among the genotypes in the irrigated management. Furthermore, the genotypes showed distinct nutritional characteristics in response to water management in the soil. Genotypes 108 and 302 had higher nutritional content and were exported by fruits, regardless of soil water management.

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant of Andean origin currently cultivated and consumed in several parts of the world for having numerous nutraceutical properties. An increasing interest in its cultivation demands advanced technical information on this crop, still scarce. Considering this, our study aimed to evaluate the propagation of yacon by rhizophores with different bud number. The experiment was conducted in two phases: the first phase was developed in a seedling nursery, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and 50 repetitions. The treatments consisted of rhizophores with: one to two buds (T1), three to four buds (T2), five to six buds (T3), and seven to eight buds (T4). The second phase was performed in the field with random blocks, four treatments, four repetitions, and the same treatments of the first phase. The following morphological and growth characteristics were assessed: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of stems per plant, Dickson quality index (DQI), leaf area, leaf dry mass, rhizophores, tuberous root, and productivity. The following physiological features were also analyzed: chlorophyll content (FCI - Falker chlorophyll index), net carbon assimilation rate, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Seedlings from rhizophores with three to four buds presented the best morphological and growth characteristics, DQI = 0.47 and good performance in the field. In addition, the plants originated from this material (rhizophores with three to four buds) showed greater accumulation of dry matter in the aerial part and tuberous roots, and consequently higher productivity in fresh tuberous roots, constituiting a suitable propagation form for the cultivation of yacon.

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) es una planta de origen andino que actualmente se cultiva y consume en varias partes del mundo por tener numerosas propiedades nutracéuticas. El aumento en el interés por la especie ha generado una demanda de información técnica sobre su cultivo, sin embargo, esta información es escasa. Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la propagación de yacon a partir de rizóforos con diferentes números de yemas. Así, el experimento se desarrolló en dos fases. El primero fue desarrollado en un vivero de plántulas, en un diseño completamente al azar, con cuatro tratamientos y 50 repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en propágulos con: T1 (una a dos yemas), T2 (tres a cuatro yemas), T3 (cinco a seis yemas) y T4 (siete a ocho yemas). La segunda fase se realizó en campo con bloques aleatorios, con cuatro tratamientos y 4 repeticiones, teniendo los mismos tratamientos que la primera fase. Se evaluaron las siguientes características morfológicas y de crecimiento: altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, número de hojas, cantidad de tallos por planta, índice de calidad de Dickson (DQI), área foliar, biomasa foliar, rizóforos, raíz tuberosa y productividad en raíces tuberosas frescas. Las características fisiológicas evaluadas fueron el contenido relativo de clorofila (FCI - índice de clorofila Falker), la tasa neta de asimilación de carbono, la transpiración de las hojas, la conductancia estomática, la concentración interna de carbono, la eficiencia del uso del agua y la eficiencia de la carboxilación instantánea. Las plántulas de rizóforo con tres a cuatro yemas presentaron el mejor rendimiento de características morfológicas y de crecimiento, un DQI = 0,47 y un buen rendimiento en el campo. Además, las plantas originarias de este material (rizóforos con tres y cuatro yemas) mostraron una mayor acumulación de materia seca en la parte aérea y en las raíces tuberosas, en consecuencia, mayor productividad en las raíces tuberosas frescas, mostrándose como una forma adecuada de propagación para el cultivo de yacon.

ABSTRACT Due to the possibility of enhancing the physiological responses by modulating the architecture of coffee trees, the objective of the study was to analyze the leaf gas exchanges and biomass allocation of Arabica coffee cultivated with different numbers of orthotropic stems. The experiment was carried out in a plantation located in Santa Teresa-ES, Brazil, cultivated with spacing of 2.5×1.0 m, using the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC44. The gas exchange rates were monitored along stages of the phenological cycle (2014/2015), following a split-plot scheme, 3×3 (number of orthotropic stems per plant in three levels: 1, 2 and 3; and the phenological stages in three levels: flowering, fruit formation and maturation). The allocation of biomass in the plagiotropic branches was also analyzed during the phenological stage of fruit maturation. The management of the number of orthotropic stems affected the photosynthetic responses and biomass allocation of coffee trees. Under the studied conditions, cultivating the plants with two orthotropic stems created conditions which promoted the photosynthetic responses. Keeping more stems promotes the availability of leaves per amount of produced fruits in the plagiotropic branches, allowing the plant to sustain the production with less metabolic wearing.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dinâmica de macronutrientes em folhas e cachos de pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum), ao longo dos ciclos reprodutivos da planta. O experimento foi realizado em uma lavoura comercial de pimenta-do-reino 'Bragantina'. Folhas e cachos foram amostrados a cada 21 dias, por um ano, durante dois ciclos de cultivo. Os cachos foram amostrados desde o vigésimo oitavo dia após o lançamento das inflorescências até a maturação completa dos frutos. As amostras de folhas e cachos foram secas, e os conteúdos de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S foram determinados. N, K e Ca foram os macronutrientes mais comuns nos cachos e nas folhas de pimenta-do-reino. O acúmulo de matéria seca nos cachos de pimenta-do-reino foi similar nos dois ciclos e foi ajustado aos modelos linear e quadrático. O acúmulo e o conteúdo de macronutrientes seguiram a tendência de comportamento da matéria seca. O conteúdo de macronutrientes nas folhas oscila durante o ano, e K e Mg variam mais do que N, P, Ca e S. O conteúdo de macronutrientes em folhas e cachos de pimenta-do-reino depende do estádio vegetativo da planta, e essa variação deve ser considerada no planejamento do manejo de adubação.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the macronutrient dynamics in leaves and bunches of black pepper (Piper nigrum) throughout the plant reproductive cycles. The experiment was carried out in a commercial field of 'Bragantina' black pepper. Leaves and bunches were sampled every 21 days for one year, during two crop cycles. The bunches were sampled from the twenty eighth day after the appearance of inflorescences until the complete fruit maturation. Samples of leaves and bunches were dried, and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were determined. N, K, and Ca were the most common macronutrients found in the bunches and leaves of black pepper. The accumulation of dry matter in the bunches was similar for both cycles and it was adjusted to the linear and quadratic models. The accumulation and content of macronutrients followed the dry matter behavior trend. Macronutrient contents in leaves oscillate during the year, and K and Mg vary more than N, P, Ca, and S. The macronutrient contents in black pepper leaves and bunches depends on the plant vegetative stage, and this variation should be considered in the planning of the fertilization management.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de 54 clones de cafeeiro conilon oriundos do Programa de Melhoramento Genético do Incaper à ferrugem em condições controladas de temperatura e fotoperíodo. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, sendo cada repetição composta por 16 discos de folha cada, acondicionados em gerbox e inoculados com 104 esporos.mL-1 de H. vastatrix. Os gerbox foram colocados sob ausência de luz e 22ºC por 48 horas e então em fotoperíodo de 12 horas até o término do experimento. Foram avaliados os componentes de resistência: período de incubação, período latente, incidência, porcentagem de discos com esporulação, número de esporos e severidade. Com base nos resultados verificou-se a formação de três grupos de genótipos de café conilon: Resistentes, Moderadamente Resistentes e Suscetíveis. No grupo Resistente foram alocados 19 genótipos, no grupo Moderadamente Resistente foram alocados 19 genótipos e no grupo Suscetível foram alocados 16 genótipos. Assim, com base nos resultados, conclui-se que há variação no nível de resistência dos genótipos de C. canephora à H. vastatrix. Tal informação subsidia os programas de melhoramento na seleção adequada de progênies de C. canephora quanto à resistência à ferrugem.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of 54 conilon coffee clones from the Incaper Genetic Improvement Program to rust under controlled conditions of temperature and photoperiod. A completely randomized design with three replicates was used, and each replicate was composed of 16 leaf disks each, which were packed in gerboxes and inoculated with 104 spores.mL-1 H. vastatrix. The gerboxes were stored in the absence of light at 22ºC for 48 hours and subsequently at 12-hour photoperiod until the end of the experiment. The evaluated resistance components were: incubation period, latent period, incidence, percentage of disks with sporulation, number of spores and severity. Based on the results, three groups of conilon coffee genotypes were identified: Resistant, Moderately Resistant and Susceptible. To the Resistant group, 19 genotypes were allocated; to the Moderately Resistant group, 19 genotypes were allocated and to the Susceptible group 16 susceptible genotypes were allocated. Thus, results led to the conclusion that there is a variation in the resistance level of C. canephora genotypes to H. vastatrix. Such information subsidizes breeding programs in properly selecting C. canephora progenies for resistance to rust.

RESUMO O estudo do comportamento do cafeeiro arábica conduzido com mais de um ramo ortotrópico surge como fonte de alternativas de melhoria da arquitetura da copa e da produção da lavoura cafeeira. Por isso, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar a arquitetura da copa do cafeeiro arábica conduzido com diferentes números de ramos ortotrópicos por planta. Um experimento foi realizado em campo, no município de Santa Teresa, ES, em altitude de 740 m, topografia ondulado-acidentada, com precipitação e temperatura média anual de 1.282 mm e 21,1 ºC, respectivamente. O espaçamento foi de 2,5 x 1,0 m e o cultivar foi o Catuaí Vermelho IAC44. Em novembro de 2012, aos oito anos de idade, a lavoura foi recepada e as brotações que surgiram foram conduzidas para promover o estabelecimento de três tratamentos referentes ao número de ramos ortotrópicos: um, dois ou três ramos por planta. O experimento seguiu delineamento em blocos casualizados, com oito blocos e os três tratamentos. Plantas de cafeeiro arábica com dois ou três ramos ortotrópicos não se diferiram e apresentaram maior área e volume de copa, densidade de enfolhamento e área foliar dos ramos plagiotrópicos. A condução do cafeeiro arábica com dois ramos ortotrópicos por planta proporcionou maior produção de café beneficiado por hectare, bem como maior proporção de grãos graúdos (grãos maiores e com massa mais homogênea).

ABSTRACT The study of the behavior of Arabica coffee trees cultivated with more than one orthotropic branch appears as an alternative to improve the canopy architecture and may enhance the coffee crop yield. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze traits of canopy architecture of Arabica coffee trees cultivated with different numbers of orthotropic branches per plant. For this end, an experiment was carried out in a productive field located in Santa Teresa-ES, at an altitude of 740 m, the place presents wavy-rugged topography, with annual rainfall and average air temperature of 1,282 mm and 21.1 ºC, respectively. The spacing between plants was 2.5 x 1.0 m and the cultivar used was Catuaí Vermelho IAC44. In November 2012, with the plants at eight years of age, the plants were pruned and the new emerged sprouts were conducted to promote the establishment of three treatments regarding the number of orthotropic branches: one, two or three branches per plant. The experiment followed a randomized block design, with eight repetitions and three treatments. The coffee plants grown with two or three orthotropic branches did not differ among themselves and presented larger canopies in area and volume, larger foliage density and leaf area of their plagiotropic branches. The conduction of the Arabica coffee trees with two orthotropic branches per plant promoted greater production of processed coffee per hectare, as well as greater proportion of large grains (resulting in larger grains and a more homogeneous mass).

RESUMO O crescente consumo de batata yacon tem despertado interesse mundial pela cultura, o que tem gerado demanda por elucidações científicas de diversos fatores associados ao seu manejo agrícola. Entre as demandas, estão os estudos realacionados aos efeitos efeitos do alumínio (Al3 +) sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas yacon. Assim, este estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos do alumínio sobre a brotação e o crescimento inicial de mudas de yacon. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e seis teores de de alumínio no substrato: 0, 10, 25, 50, 100 e 200 mg L-1. O comportamento das plântulas de yacon foi avaliado pelo tempo e índice de velocidade de emergência, número de folhas, altura, área foliar, comprimento da radícula e massa seca de folhas, hastes e radículas. A presença de alumínio no substrato influencia negativamente a emergência e o crescimento inicial da yacon, causando redução no desenvolvimento foliar (número de folhas e área foliar), no acúmulo de biomassa, crescimento e restringindo, especialmente, o desenvolvimento da radícula. A toxicidade do alumínio inibe completamente o crescimento radicular em concentrações acima de 83 mg L-1, nas condições controladas usadas neste experimento.

ABSTRACT The increasing consumption of yacon potato has raised worldwide interest in its crop and generated demand for scientific elucidations of several factors associated to its agricultural management. Among the demands, there are the studies related to the effects of aluminum (Al3+) on the development of yacon plants. Thus, this study was developed to evaluate the effects of aluminum on budding and initial growth of yacon plantlets. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design, with three replications and six aluminum contents in the substrate: 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1. The response of yacon plantlets to aluminum contents was evaluated by the emergence time, emergence speed index, number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, radicle length, and dry mass weight of leaves, stems, and radicles. The presence of aluminum in the substrate negatively influences the emergence and initial growth of yacon, causing losses in foliage development (number of leaves and leaf area), in biomass accumulation, growth and, especially, restricting the development of radicles. Aluminum toxicity fully inhibits radicle growth in substrate contents above 83 mg L-1, under the controlled conditions used in this experiment.

Crambe is a sensitive specie to exchangeable aluminum, it require a well-fertilized and corrected soil. The objective of this study was to understand the impact of aluminum presence, in different concentrations, in the substrate on the germination and development of crambe. The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with a 5x2 factorial arrangement in four replicates. The five concentrations of Al3+ were 0, 15, 40, 80 and 120 mg dm-3 Al3+ and two temperatures (20 and 30 °C), with four replications. The relative growth rate, plant height, leaf number, total leaf area, specific leaf area, dry matter in each plant compartment (root, stem and leaf), leaf area ratio, stem mass ratio and leaf mass ratio were evaluate. Germination was favored by 20 ºC. The limitation on plant growth was greater as the concentration of aluminum increased, presenting losses in growth, as well of production of dry matter and leaf development, also causing changes in the patterns of biomass allocation between the plant compartments.

Crambe es una especie sensible al aluminio intercambiable que requiere suelos bien fertilizados y corregidos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar distintas concentraciones de aluminio en la germinación y desarrollo de crambe. El experimento para germinación se realizó con un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial de 5x2, con cuatro repeticiones. Las cinco concentraciones de Al3+ fueron 0, 15, 40, 80 y 120 mg dm-3 y las temperaturas de 20 y 30° C. El experimento para desarrollo de la planta se realizó con un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cinco concentraciones de Al3+ y cuatro repeticiones. Los parámetros evaluados fueron porcentaje de germinación, crecimiento de las plántulas y biomasa. Se analizó la tasa relativa de crecimiento, altura de planta, número de hojas, área foliar total, área foliar específica, materia seca en cada compartimento de la planta (raíz, tallo y hojas), razón de área foliar, razón de masa de raíz, tallo y hojas. El porcentaje de germinación aumentó a los 2 °C. La mayor concentración de aluminio afectó el crecimiento, producción de materia seca y desarrollo de hojas. Estos resultados sugieren que el cramble es sensible al aluminio intercambiable.

Estudos de eficiência nutricional de fósforo, em cafeeiro conilon, são ferramentas importantes para contornar a elevada limitação que os baixos níveis naturais desse nutriente trazem aos cultivares dessa espécie. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, estudar a eficiência nutricional e a resposta ao fósforo por clones de cafeeiro conilon. As plantas foram conduzidas durante 150 dias em vasos, contendo 10 dm³ de solo, em casa de vegetação. Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial 13 x 2, com três repetições, sendo os fatores: 13 clones que compõem o cultivar clonal "Vitória Incaper 8142" e dois níveis de adubação fosfatada (0 e 150% do recomendado de P2O5 para a cultura), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os resultados indicam resposta diferenciada de produção de massa de matéria seca e de conteúdo de fósforo a cada nível de adubação fosfatada, para os clones de cafeeiro conilon e que os clones CV-04, CV-05 e CV-08 apresentam-se nutricionalmente eficientes e responsivos à adubação fosfatada.

Studies on nutritional efficiency of phosphorus in conilon coffee plants are important tools to unravel the high limitation that natural low levels of this nutrient in soil impose to these species cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the nutritional efficiency and the response to phosphorus of conilon coffee clones. Plants were managed during 150 days in pots containing 10 dm³ of soil, in greenhouse. A factorial scheme 13 x 2 was used, with three replications, being the factors: 13 clones constituting the clonal cultivar "Vitória Incaper 8142" and two levels of phosphate fertilization (0% and 150% of the P2O5 usualy recommended), in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicate a differentiated response of dry matter production and of phosphorus content on each level of phosphate fertilization for the conilon coffee clones and that CV-04, CV-05 and CV-08 clones are nutritionally efficient and responsive to the phosphate fertilization.

Apesar do controle químico da ferrugem do cafeeiro e a adubação nitrogenada serem amplamente pesquisado no Brasil, não existem trabalhos na literatura que apresentam esta interação em plantas de café conilon. Desta forma, objetivou-se estudar a interação entre o efeito da adubação nitrogenada e de ciproconazol+tiametoxam, no crescimento de mudas de café conilon, cultivar "Emcaper 8151 - Robusta Tropical", em ambiente controlado. Para isso, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em esquema simples, com 13 níveis de combinações de nitrogênio e ciproconazol+tiametoxam. Os níveis de nitrogênio e ciproconazol+tiametoxam foram combinados seguindo modelo matricial Box Berard aumentada a 3(2k + 2k + 2k + 1). Os resultados mostram que as combinações do nível recomendado de ciproconazol+tiametoxam e de nitrogênio influenciaram negativamente as variáveis analisadas das plantas de café conilon, na condição de estudo.

Although the chemical control of coffee rust and the nitrogen fertilization are widely studied in Brazil, there are no documented studies that show this interaction in conilon coffee plants. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to study the interaction between the effects of nitrogen and cyproconazole+thiamethoxam in the growth of conilon coffee seedlings, cultivar "Emcaper 8151 - Robusta Tropical", in controlled environment. For this, a completely randomized design was used, with four replicates, simple layout, with 13 levels of combinations of nitrogen and cyproconazole+thiamethoxam. The levels of nitrogen levels and cyproconazole+thiamethoxam were combined following a Box Berard increased to 3 (2k + 2k + 2k + 1) matrix model. The results show that the combinations of the recommended level of cyproconazole+thiamethoxam and nitrogen influenced negatively the analyzed variables of the conilon coffee plants, in the studied conditions.

A grande quantidade de resíduos industriais que constituiu atualmente sérios problemas ambientais tem alertado para a utilização adequada desses materiais que, além de reduzir os impactos ambientais, tem demonstrado potencial para utilização na agricultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos químicos da aplicação de diferentes doses de escória de siderurgia e óxido de magnésio em dois solos sob o cultivo de café arábica. O estudo foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, em vasos de 10 dm³. O delineamento experimental foi instalado em blocos casualizados, com distribuição fatorial de 2 x 3 x 6, com três repetições, sendo os fatores: dois solos (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico de textura argilosa e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico de textura média); três insumos (calcário como controle e escória de siderurgia e óxido de magnésio como resíduos); seis doses dos materiais corretivos (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 e 125% da necessidade de calagem). Após 180 dias de cultivo, procedeu-se as análises de pH, H+ + Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+ e Mg2+. Os resultados mostraram que as aplicações de doses crescentes de escória e óxido de magnésio até o limite estudado neste trabalho favorecem um decréscimo da acidez do solo. O óxido de magnésio demonstrou maior potencial como corretivo de acidez de solo e como fonte de magnésio para o solo.

The large amount of industrial waste which currently causes serious environmental problems has demonstrated the need for the appropriate use of those materials which not only reduce environmental impact but have shown potential for agricultural use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical effects of different amounts of slag and magnesium oxide on two soils planted with coffea arabica. The study was carried out using pots of 10 dm³ in a greenhouse at the Center for Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with a factorial distribution of 2 x 3 x 6, and three replications, the factors being: two soils (dystrophic red-yellow clay loam and dystrophic red-yellow medium-texture loam), three additives (limestone as control and slag and magnesium oxide as waste), six amounts of corrective materials (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125% of the required liming). After 180 days of culture, analysis of pH, H+ + Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ was carried out. The results showed that applications of increasing doses of magnesium oxide and slag, up to the limit of this study, further a decrease in soil acidity. Magnesium oxide has shown the greatest potential for soil-acidity correction and also as a source of magnesium for the soil.

O estudo da eficiência nutricional de plantas enxertadas de cafeeiro é importante para a seleção de combinações enxerto/porta-enxerto, visando atingir melhor desenvolvimento e produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as diferenças na eficiência de absorção e utilização de B, Zn, Cu e Mn em mudas enxertadas de cafeeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de 20 litros contendo como substrato terra, areia e esterco na proporção de 3:1:1, onde as plantas permaneceram por um período de 18 meses. Utilizaram-se como enxerto quatro genótipos de Coffea arabica L.: os cultivares Catuaí-Vermelho IAC 15 ('Catuaí 15') e Oeiras MG 6851 ('Oeiras') e os híbridos H419-10-3-4-4 ('H419') e H514-5-5-3 ('H514') do programa de melhoramento da EPAMIG/UFV. Como porta-enxerto foram empregados cinco progênies de famílias de meio-irmãos de clones de Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froenher cv. Conilon: ES 21, ES 36, ES 26, ES 23 e ES 38 do programa de melhoramento de café robusta do Incaper. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 24 tratamentos e três repetições, sendo quatro pés-francos e 20 combinações de enxertia. A eficiência nutricional das plantas variou conforme a combinação enxerto/porta-enxerto. O cultivar Oeiras não foi beneficiado por nenhuma enxertia, apresentando redução da produção total de matéria seca em todas as combinações comparativamente ao respectivo pé-franco. O cultivar Catuaí 15 foi mais eficiente na produção de matéria seca e utilização de B e Zn quando combinado com os materiais genéticos de conilon ES 26 e ES 23.

Studying nutritional efficiency of grafted coffee plants is important for the selection of graft/ rootstock combinations, aiming to achieve better plant development and yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic differences for B, Zn, Cu and Mn absorption and utilization efficiencies of grafted coffee seedlings. The experiment was conducted with seedlings planted in 20 L pots with a substrate consisting of soil, sand, and manure in the proportion of 3:1:1, in which they kept for 18 months, until harvest. Four genotypes of Coffea arabica L. were used as grafts: cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15 ('Catuaí 15) and Oeiras MG 6851 ('Oeiras'), and hybrids H419-10-3-4-4 ('H419') and H514-5-5-3 ('H514'). All genotypes were obtained from the EPAMIG/UFV breeding program. Five half-sibling progenies of clones of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froenher cv. Conilon were used as rootstocks: 'ES 21', 'ES 36', 'ES 26', 'ES 23' and 'ES 38, which were obtained from the INCAPER robusta coffee breeding program. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design, with 24 treatments and 3 repetitions, using four control plants and 20 grafting combinations. The nutritional efficiency of coffee plants varied according to the graft/rootstock combination. Considering that all combinations promoted dry matter yield decrease when compared with the respective non-grafted plants, cultivar Oeiras MG 6851 was not benefited by any graft. Cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15 was more efficient in dry matter production and Cu and Mn utilization when combined with conilon rootstocks 'ES 26' and 'ES 23'.

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se verificar a influência da aplicação de ciproconazol+tiametoxam, via solo, no crescimento de mudas clonais de cafeeiro conilon que compõem cultivar clonal 'Vitória Incaper 8142'. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos e sob condições de ambiente controlado. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com distribuição fatorial de 13x2, com quatro repetições, sendo os fatores: 13 clones que compõem a cultivar clonal 'Vitória Incaper 8142'; tratados e não tratados com ciproconazol+tiametoxam. Nas condições avaliadas, as mudas de todos os clones apresentaram, crescimento inferior e sintomas variados de fitotoxidade, influenciados pela aplicação via solo de ciproconazol+tiametoxam.

In order to assess the influence of the cyproconazole + thiamethoxam, into the soil, the growth of clonal coffee conilon comprising clonal cultivar 'Vitória Incaper 8142'. The experiment was conducted in pots and under greenhouse conditions. We used a completely randomized design with factorial distribution of 13x2 with four replications, being the factors: 13 clones that comprise the clonal cultivar 'Vitória Incaper 8142'; treated and untreated with cyproconazole + thiamethoxam. Evaluated conditions, the seedlings of all clones were lower and varied symptoms of phytotoxicity, influenced by the application via soil cyproconazole + thiamethoxam.