ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the inductive capacity of F18 bioglass putty on the induced membrane technique in a segmental bone defect of the rabbit’s radius. Methods: Ten female Norfolk at 24 months of age were used. The animals were randomly separated based on postoperative time points: five rabbits at 21 and four at 42 days. A 1-cm segmental bone defect was created in both radii. The bone defects were filled with an F18 bioglass putty. Results: Immediate postoperative radiographic examination revealed the biomaterial occupying the segmental bone defect as a well-defined radiopaque structure with a density close to bone tissue. At 21 and 42 days after surgery, a reduction in radiopacity and volume of the biomaterial was observed, with particle dispersion in the bone defect region. Histologically, the induced membrane was verified in all animals, predominantly composed of fibrocollagenous tissue. In addition, chondroid and osteoid matrices undergoing regeneration, a densely vascularized tissue, and a foreign body type reaction composed of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells were seen. Conclusions: the F18 bioglass putty caused a foreign body-type inflammatory response with the development of an induced membrane without expansion capacity to perform the second stage of the Masquelet technique. Purpose F F1 rabbit s radius Methods 2 used points 4 1cm cm 1 radii Results welldefined well defined tissue surgery observed region Histologically addition regeneration seen Conclusions bodytype

Abstract Anthropogenic disturbances affecting forest areas can increase disease prevalence and susceptibility in several species of arboreal mammals, such as sloths. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the most common conditions in body systems of free-ranging sloths admitted at the Wildlife Triage and Rehabilitation Center of Amazonas of the Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources. A total of 227 individuals (139 retrospective cases from 2015 to 2019, and 88 prospective cases from July 2020 to July 2021) were evaluated over a six-year period. Cases from the genus Bradypus showed involvement of the following body systems: 44% respiratory, 29% integumentary, 15% musculoskeletal, 5% digestive, 3% visual, 2% auditory, 1% circulatory and 1% genitourinary, while that distribution in the genus Choloepus was: 39% musculoskeletal, 27% integumentary, 19% respiratory, 9% digestive, 3% circulatory, 1% visual, 1% auditory and 1% genitourinary. The results reveal significant differences between the condition detected and the genus (Bradypus and Choloepus), age and case outcome. These results can provide data for future investigations of sloth diseases, confirming lesions, as well as motivating and suggesting adequate management methods. mammals Thus freeranging free ranging Resources 22 139 (13 201 2019 8 202 2021 sixyear six year period 44 respiratory 29 integumentary 15 musculoskeletal 5 digestive 3 visual 2 1 genitourinary was 39 27 19 9 Choloepus, , Choloepus) outcome diseases lesions methods 13 (1 20 4 (

Resumo Distúrbios antrópicos que afetam áreas florestais podem aumentar a prevalência de afecções e a suscetibilidade às doenças em diversas espécies de mamíferos arborícolas, como as preguiças. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições mais comuns nos sistemas orgânicos de preguiças de vida livre admitidas no Centro de Triagem e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres do Amazonas. Um total de 227 indivíduos (139 casos retrospectivos de 2015 a 2019 e 88 casos prospectivos de julho de 2020 a julho de 2021) foram avaliados durante um período de seis anos. Para o gênero Bradypus foram diagnosticadas 44% de afecções do sistema respiratório, 29% tegumentar, 15% musculoesquelético, 5% digestório, 3% visual, 2% auditivo, 1% circulatório e 1% genitourinário. Por sua vez, para o gênero Choloepus foram detectadas 39% de afecções do sistema musculoesquelético, 27% tegumentar, 19% do sistema respiratório, 19% do sistema respiratório, 9% digestório, 3% circulatório, 1% visual, 1% auditivo e 1% genitourinário. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas na prevalência da afecção e gênero das preguiças (Bradypus e Choloepus), a faixa etária e desfecho do caso. Esses resultados podem fornecer subsídios para investigar as doenças de preguiças, confirmando afecções, motivo e sugerir métodos adequados de manejo. arborícolas forma Amazonas 22 139 (13 201 8 202 2021 anos 44 respiratório 29 tegumentar 15 musculoesquelético 5 digestório 3 visual 2 1 genitourinário vez 39 27 19 9 Choloepus, , Choloepus) caso manejo 13 (1 20 4 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate in-vivo degradation of two bioabsorbable interference screws. Methods: Twenty-two crossbred Santa Inês ewes were used. A poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA) screw (70%/30%) was inserted in the right pelvic limb, and a PDLLA screw (70%) + β-tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) (30%) in the left pelvic limb. Animals were euthanized at one, four, seven and a half and 18 months after surgery. Plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), microCT, and histological analysis were accomplished. Results: PDLLA screw was hypodense at all evaluation moments, but with progressive density increase along the central axis, whereas PDLLA/β-TCP was initially hyperdense and progressively lost this characteristic. No adverse reactions were observed on histological evaluation. Conclusions: The inclusion of β-TCP favors screw degradation since the PDLLA/β-TCP screws evidenced a more intense degradation process than the PDLLA screws at the last evaluation. PDLLA screws showed higher bone production, evident around the screw thread, inside the lateral perforations, and in the central canal, whereas the PDLLA/β-TCP screws presented less bone tissue at the implantation site.

Resumo O cimento ósseo de polimetilmetacrilato é considerado um material padrão como carreador de antibiótico em cirurgias ortopédicas. A energia ultrassônica é um método capaz de gerar efeitos biológicos por mecanismos térmicos e não térmicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a dispersão de azul de metileno em pérolas de polimetilmetacrilato combinada com a exposição em campo acústico gerado por ultrassom não térmico. Foram utilizados 49 corpos-de-prova, cada um composto por uma pérola de polimetilmetacrilato (0,6 mm de diâmetro) dopada com azul de metileno e depositada em amostra de gelatina. Quarenta espécimes foram divididos em quatro grupos de 10 amostras com base nas intensidades de ultrassom (Grupo 1: 1,0 W/cm2; Grupo 2: 1,5 W/cm2) e profundidade (A - 2 cm; B - 3 cm) dos grânulos de polimetilmetacrilato na amostra de gelatina. Os outros nove espécimes constituíram o grupo controle. O grupo controle diferiu estatisticamente dos outros grupos. Todos os grupos irradiados com ultrassom apresentaram diferenças significativas, exceto os Grupos 2A e 2B. A dispersão de azul de metileno na gelatina entre os grupos foi: 1A> 1B; 2A> 1A; 2B> 1A; 2A> 1B; 2B> 1B. Ultrassom de baixa intensidade permitiu maior dispersão de azul de metileno com polimetilmetacrilato posicionado mais superficialmente, e não ocorreu influência da profundidade da pérola com ultrassom de alta intensidade.

Abstract Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement is a standard material used as antibiotic carrier in the orthopedic surgery. The ultrasonic energy method is capable of triggering biological effects based on both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. The aim of the current study is to analyze methylene blue dispersion in polymethylmethacrylate beads, in association with the acoustic field generated by non-thermal ultrasound. Forty-nine specimens were used, and each specimen comprised one polymethylmethacrylate bead (0.6-mm diameter) doped with methylene blue and deposited in gelatin sample. Forty test specimens were divided into four groups comprising 10 samples, each, based on different ultrasound intensities (Group 1: 1.0 W/cm2; Group 2: 1.5 W/cm2) and polymethylmethacrylate bead depths (A - 2 cm; B - 3 cm) in gelatin sample. The control group comprised other nine specimens and statistically differed from the other groups. All groups irradiated with ultrasound have shown statistically significant differences in methylene blue dispersion, except for Groups 2A and 2B. Methylene blue dispersion in gelatin among groups was 1A> 1B; 2A> 1A; 2B> 1A; 2A> 1B; and 2B> 1B. Low-intensity ultrasound enabled the highest methylene blue dispersion when polymethylmethacrylate bead was positioned superficial; bead depth associated with high-intensity ultrasound did not influence methylene blue dispersion.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the membrane induced by the Masquelet technique in rabbits. Methods: Twelve Norfolk rabbits at approximately 3 months of age were used. A 1-cm segmental defect was induced in both radii, which were filled with polymethylmethacrylate cylinder. LLLT was used postoperatively in the bone defect of one of the forelimbs every 48 hours for 15 days. Six rabbits were euthanatized on third and sixth postoperative weeks. Results: In both forelimbs, radiographs showed new bone growth from radius cut ends on the third postoperative week and more advanced stage on the sixth postoperative week. Ultrasound showed induced membrane one week after the surgery. Histologically, there were no significant differences in the semi-quantitative score of inflammation intensity, total number of blood vessels, bone metaplasia, and collagen. The average thicknesses were 2,050.17 and 1,451.96 μm for control membranes and 2,724.26 and 2,081.03 μm for irradiated membranes, respectively, on third and sixth postoperative weeks. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) expression were present in the induced membranes of control and irradiated forelimbs, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: Based on assessment methods, it was not possible to demonstrate the effect of LLLT on the induced membrane.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide, and ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbit’s stifles. Methods: Twenty-one Norfolk rabbits were submitted to cranial cruciate ligament transection of the left stifle. After six weeks of the surgery, the rabbits were randomized assigned into three groups: G1 (control) – saline solution (0.9%); G2 – hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone; G3 – ozone gas, submitted to three intra-articular applications every seven days. Results: Significant differences occurred: osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3) on radiography exam; thickening of the medial condyle (G1 > G3, G2 > G3) on ultrasound exam; osteophytes at lateral tibial condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3), and medial femoral condyle (G1 > G2, G3 > G1) on computed tomography. Histologically, mean values of chondrocytes in the femur and tibia in G3 and G2 were statistically lower. Conclusions: The intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone accentuated degenerative joint disease by imaging and macroscopic evaluations, and by histological findings, this treatment and the ozone gas treatment showed similar effects and were inferior to the saline solution (0.9%).

Resumo O desmatamento e a construção de estradas têm promovido uma série de problemas à fauna. Visando contribuir com informações que podem ser usadas na compreensão e preservação das espécies, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar tamanduás-mirins atendidos em um centro de referência localizado no Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Foram avaliados retrospectivamente dados referentes a tamanduás-mirins (Tamandua tetradactyla), que foram trazidos ao Centro de Medicina e Pesquisa em Animais Selvagens (CEMPAS), durante um período de 13 anos. De um total de 46 tamanduás-mirins atendidos, 14 foram machos e 10 foram fêmeas, e 22 não possuíam identificação quanto ao sexo. Em média, os machos adultos pesaram 4,41 kg, enquanto as fêmeas adultas pesaram 4,95 kg. Com relação à circunstância que levou ao atendimento, as mais importantes foram o atropelamento (36,96%) e a mordedura de cães (21,74%), sendo que 23,91% foram considerados clinicamente saudáveis. No tocante à evolução dos casos, 36,96% (n=17) foram reintroduzidos, 34.78% (n=16) foram a óbito, 15,22% (n=7) foram transferidos para outras instituições, 6,52% (n=3) evadiram do recinto e 6,52% (n=3) não há informação. Os animais foram provenientes principalmente dos municípios de Botucatu (21,73%), São Manuel (17,39%), Lençóis Paulista (6,52%) e Bauru (4,34%), sendo a SP-300 a principal rodovia relacionada as ocorrências. Foi possível concluir que dos tamanduás-mirins avaliados a principal causa de lesão foi o atropelamento, que teve por evolução o óbito; porém ao se incluir os tamanduás-mirins saudáveis e demais, ao menos metade evoluíram positivamente.

Abstract Deforestation and road construction have inflicted negative effects on wildlife populations. To contribute to the comprehension and preservation of wildlife species, this study aimed to evaluate collared anteater presented to a reference center located in São Paulo state, Brazil. Furthermore, the locations where the animals were most frequently found were determined. Data on collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) examined at the Center for Medicine and Research in Wild Animals (CEMPAS) were evaluated retrospectively for a period of 13 years. A total of 46 collared anteaters was examined, comprised of 14 males, 10 females, and 22 without identifying information. On average, adult males weigh 4.41 kg while adult females weigh 4.95 kg. The most common admission circumstance was vehicular strikes (36.96%), followed by dog bites (21.74%); 23.91% were considered clinically healthy. Animal outcomes were 36.96% (n=17) reintroduced, 34.78% (n=16) fatalities, 15.22% (n=7) transferred to other institutions, and 6.52% (n=3) escaped from the enclosure; and 6.52% (n=3) presented no medical record information. The collared anteaters were found mainly in the municipal areas of Botucatu (21.73%), São Manuel (17.39%), Lençóis Paulista (6.52%), and Bauru (4.34%), with SP-300 being the main highway associated with the occurrences. In conclusion, the main cause of lesion in the collared anteaters evaluated in this study was vehicular strike that that led to death. However, including all collared anteaters at least half of them had a positive outcome.

This experimental in vitro study evaluated the influence of screw length on the mechanical properties of a locking reconstruction plate designed with locking rings inserted into plate holes. Synthetic bone cylinders with 10 mm fracture gap and seven-hole locking reconstruction plates were used. Two groups of bone-plate constructs were assembled: Group 1 – three monocortical screws on each fracture side, Group 2 - three bicortical screws on each fracture side. In each group nine bone-plate constructs were tested until failure, three each in bending, compression and torsion. In each group, 21 bone-plate constructs were tested for failure in fatigue testing, seven each for bending, compression and torsion. In all static testing no significant differences were found between G1 and G2, except ultimate moment in torsion test (G2>G1; P=0.008). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between groups in axial compression fatigue testing (G1>G2; P<0.05) and four-point bending fatigue testing (G1<G2; P<0.05) in maximum load, minimum load, maximum moment, and minimum moment. In conclusion, screw length can affect the mechanical properties of locking reconstruction plate. Compared to bicortical screws, monocortical screws were less resistant to bending than axial compression. This must be considered when choosing implant, particularly in fractures under high axial loads.

PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro ability the of three different biomaterials - purified hydroxyapatite, demineralized bone matrix and castor oil-based polyurethane - as biocompatible 3D scaffolds for canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) intending bone tissue engineering. METHODS: MSCs were isolated from canine bone marrow, characterized and cultivated for seven days with the biomaterials. Cell proliferation and adhesion to the biomaterial surface were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy while differentiation into osteogenic lineage was evaluated by Alizarin Red staining and Sp7/Osterix surface antibody marker. RESULTS: The biomaterials allowed cellular growth, attachment and proliferation. Osteogenic differentiation occurred in the presence of hydroxyapatite, and matrix deposition commenced in the presence of the castor oil-based polyurethane. CONCLUSION: All the tested biomaterials may be used as mesenchymal stem cell scaffolds in cell-based orthopedic reconstructive therapy.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a influência do Laser Terapêutico de Baixa Potência sobre a placa de crescimento de ratos. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar machos com 40 dias de idade foram divididos em dois grupos, G1 e G2. O grupo G1 foi submetido à irradiação com laser GaAlAs 830 nm, potência de saída de 40 mW, e densidade de energia de 10 J/cm2. A irradiação foi aplicada diariamente por um período máximo de 21 dias. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado no grupo G2, com a probe desativada. Cinco animais em cada grupo foram sacrificados nos dias 7, 14 e 21 e submetidas à análise histomorfométrica. RESULTADOS: Em ambos os grupos, o disco fisário esteve radiograficamente visível em todos os momentos nas incidências craniocaudal e médio-lateral. No 21º dia a porcentagem de comprimento longitudinal do fêmur foi maior em G1 que em G2 em relação ao valor basal, e o número de condrócitos da zona hipertrófica foi maior em G1 que em G2. A zona de cartilagem calcificada estava maior em G1 em relação a G2 em todos os momentos de avaliação. A angiogênese foi maior em G1 que em G2 nos 14º e 21º dias. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia com laser terapêutico de baixa potência influenciou negativamente o disco fisário distal do fêmur de ratos.

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of low-level laser therapy on femoral growth plate in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats aged 40 days were divided into two groups, G1 and G2. In G1 the area of the distal growth plate of the right femur was irradiated at one point using GaAlAs laser 830 nm wavelength, output power of 40 mW, at an energy density of 10 J/cm². The irradiation was performed daily for a maximum of 21 days. The same procedure was done in G2, but the probe was turned off. Five animals in each group were euthanized on days 7, 14 and 21 and submitted to histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: In both groups the growth plate was radiographically visible at all moments from both craniocaudal and mediolateral views. On the 21st day percentage of femoral longitudinal length was higher in G2 than G1 compared to basal value while hypertrophic zone chondrocyte numbers were higher in G1 than G2. Calcified cartilage zone was greater in G1 than in G2 at all evaluation moments. Angiogenesis was higher in G1 than in G2 at 14th and 21st days. CONCLUSION: The low-level laser therapy negatively influenced the distal femoral growth plate.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar três formas de cultivo de células-tronco mesenquimais de ratos; e analisar o potencial do polímero de mamona na forma de membrana como arcabouço para CTMs. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados quatro ratos machos Wistar, de 20 a 30 dias de idade. Aspirados da medula óssea do fêmur e da tíbia foram colhidos com DMEM alta glicose e heparina. As células foram isoladas de três formas diferentes: cultivo direto e com dois tipos de gradientes de densidade. Após 15 dias, foi feita a 1ª passagem e analisada a viabilidade celular com os marcadores Hoerscht 33342 e Iodeto de Propídio. As CTMs foram então caracterizadas por marcadores de superfície, com o auxílio de citômetro de fluxo. Após, três tipos de membrana à base de óleo de polímero de mamona associadas com as CTMS foram mantidas em cultivo por cinco dias, e analisados por microscópio ótico para confirmar o crescimento e a adesão celular. RESULTADOS: Após 15 dias, Os procedimentos que utilizaram gradientes de densidade permitiram o isolamento das CTMs e favoreceram o crescimento celular com a passagem, sendo obtido 70% de confluência após 15 dias em cultura. O procedimento direto não se mostrou eficaz para o isolamento das células. O crescimento das CTMs foi aproximadamente 80% sobre a membrana tipo 3, 20% na tipo 2 e 10% na membrana tipo 1. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois gradientes de concentração Ficoll-Hypaque permitem isolar CTMs de ratos; e especialmente a membrana de polímero de mamona tipo 3 pode ser usada como um bom arcabouço para as CTMs.

PURPOSE: To evaluate three methods to isolate rats MSCs and to analyze the potential of a castor oil polyurethane base membrane as a scaffold for MSCs. METHODS: Four male Wistar rats, aged 20-30 days were used. Bone marrow aspirates from femur and tibia were harvested using DMEM high glucose and heparin. The cell culture was performed in three different ways: direct culture and two types of density gradients. After 15 days, was made the 1st passage and analyzed cell viability with markers Hoerscht 33342 and propidium iodide. The MSCs were characterized by surface markers with the aid of flow cytometry. After this, three types of castor oil polyurethane membranes associated with the MSCs were kept on the 6-well plate for 5 days and were analyzed by optical microscopy to confirm cell aggregation and growth. RESULTS: Separation procedures 1 and 2 allowed adequate isolation of MSCs and favored cell growth with the passage being carried out at 70% confluence after 15 days in culture. The cells could not be isolated using procedure 3. When the 3 castor oil polyurethane membrane types were compared it was possible to observe that the growth of MSCs was around 80% in membrane type 3, 20% in type 2, and 10% in type 1. CONCLUSION: Both Ficoll-Hypaque densities allow isolation of rat MSCs, and especially castor oil-based membrane type 3 may be used as a scaffold for MSCs.

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as afecções ortopédicas dos membros pélvicos em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP Botucatu (São Paulo - Brasil), durante um período de 7 anos. De um total de 889 animais avaliados, 31,9% apresentaram fraturas dos ossos longos, 15,1% displasia coxofemoral, 13% luxação de patela, 11,7% ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial, 11,5% fraturas da pélvis e 7,9% luxação coxofemoral. As doenças com menor prevalência (4,4%, n=39) foram as luxações tíbio-társica e tarso-metatarsiana, a necrose asséptica da cabeça do fêmur, a osteomielite e os tumores ósseos, entre outras. As fraturas de tíbia/fíbula (14,5%) foram mais comuns que as do fêmur (14,2%,), sendo os machos (54,2%) mais afetados que as fêmeas (45,8%). Na displasia coxofemoral, 67,9% dos cães tinham idade entre 2 e 12 anos e a raça de maior prevalência foi o Pastor Alemão (21,6%), seguida pelo Rottweiler (17,2%) e Labrador (11,2%), sendo que os cães sem raça definida compreendiam 15,7% do total. Dos casos de luxação patelar, 89,6% foram classificadas como medial, com 36,2% pertencentes à raça Poodle, 16,4% sem raça definida e 12,9% da raça Pinscher. A ruptura do ligamento cruzado foi mais observada naqueles das raças Pit Bull (14,4%), Boxer (11,5%), Poodle (10,6%) e Rottweiler (10,6%), com 29,8% do total sem raça definida. Quanto à idade, 62,5% deles tinham menos que 7 anos. A causa principal da fratura da pélvis foram os acidentes automobilísticos (89,2%), sendo 52,0% dos cães com idade menor que 3 anos e 45,1% machos. Em 86,3% dos casos, a pélvis estava polifraturada. Das luxações coxofemorais, 57,1% foram associadas a atropelamentos, com idade de apresentação variando de 2 a 18 anos, e maior prevalência nos cães sem raça definida (44,3%), seguido pelos da raça Poodle (32,9%). Baseado nos dados obtidos, foi possível concluir que, na população estudada, em ordem decrescente, as doenças ortopédicas mais prevalentes foram: fraturas por acidentes automobilísticos, displasia coxofemoral, luxação de patela medial, ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial, polifratura da pélvis e luxação coxofemoral traumática.

The aim of this study was to characterize the orthopedic diseases of the hind limbs in dogs examined at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Botucatu (São Paulo - Brasil), during a period of 7-years. A total of 889 dogs were evaluated: 31.9% had fractures of the long bones, 15.1% hip dysplasia, 13% medial patellar luxation, 11.7% cranial cruciate rupture, 11.5% multiple pelvic fractures, and 7.9% hip dislocation. The low-prevalence disorders (4.4%, n=39) were tibiotarsal and tarsometatarsal luxations, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, osteomyelitis and bone tumors, among others. Fractures of the tibia/fibula (14.5%) were more common than femoral fractures (14.2%), and males (54.2%) were more affected than females (45.8%). Considering the dogs with hip dysplasia, 67.9% were aged between 2 and 12 years, and the most common breed was the German shepherd (21.6%) followed by Rottweiler (17.2%) and Labrador (11.2%), while the mixed-breed dogs were 15.7% of total. Of the dogs with patellar luxation, 89.6% had medial luxation, and 36.2% were Poodle, 16.4% were mixed-breed and 12.9% were Pinscher. Cranial cruciate rupture was observed especially in Pit Bull (14.4%), Boxer (11.5%), Poodle (10.6%) and Rottweiler (10.6%) dogs, and mixed-breed dogs constituted 29.8% of the total. According to the age, 62.5% of them had less than 7 years. The most important cause for pelvic fractures was motor vehicle accidents (89.2%), being 52% of the dogs less than 3 years old and 45.1% of them were males. In 86.3% of the cases there were multiple fractures of the pelvis. Considering the dogs with hip dislocation, 57.1% of the cases were associated with motor vehicle accidents. The age ranged from 2 to 18 years, with high prevalence in mixed-breed dogs (44.3%), followed by Poodles (32.9%). In conclusion, the most often orthopedic diseases in decreasing order of occurrence were fractures of the long bones, automobile-induced; hip dysplasia, medial patellar luxation, cranial cruciate rupture, multiple pelvic fractures, and traumatic hip dislocation.

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a resposta tecidual à implantação de discos de poliuretana derivada do óleo de mamona confeccionados de duas formas distintas, na forma pré-moldada fornecida pela indústria e em biomassa moldada no momento da aplicação, de forma a observar se haveria algum tipo de reação local tardia associada à possível continuidade do processo de endurecimento final do biomaterial. Foram utilizados 20 ratos, linhagem Wistar, fêmeas, com peso de 300-350g, nos quais foi inserido o disco pré-moldado no tecido subcutâneo do flanco direito e o de biomassa moldada no flanco esquerdo. Ambos os discos tinham 0,8cm de diâmetro por 0,5cm de espessura. Para o procedimento histológico, cinco ratos foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 3, 7, 15 e 30 dias de pós-cirúrgico. Os implantes e tecidos circundantes foram colhidos, processados e corados pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina. Foi observada inicialmente uma reação inflamatória moderada, composta especialmente por células polimorfonucleares e macrófagos. Os linfócitos variaram de ausentes a discretos. A reação inflamatória diminui de intensidade à medida que se intensificou a formação de tecido conjuntivo fibroso ao redor dos implantes, porém sem modificação dos números de macrófagos. Sendo assim, conclui-se que ambos os discos de poliuretana induzem uma reação inflamatória similar, que varia de moderada a discreta na dependência do momento de avaliação.

The aim of this study was to histologically evaluate the tissue reaction to implantation of polyurethane disks containing castor oil produced in premolded form, supplied commercially, and biomass molded at the moment of application; since a late tissue reaction may occur during the total hardening process of the biomaterial. Twenty female Wistar rats, about 3 months of age, weighing 300-350g, and polyurethane disks 0.8cm in diameter and 0.5cm in thickness were used. The premolded disk was implanted into the subcutaneous tissue at the right flank and the molded biomass disk at the left flank. Five rats each were submitted to euthanasia at 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after surgery, and the polyurethane disks and surrounding tissue were collected. The specimens were processed for HE staining and examined microscopically. A moderate inflammatory reaction was primarily composed of polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages. The lymphocytes varied from absent to discreet. The intensity of the inflammatory reaction decreased at the same time the formation of fibrous conjunctive tissue increased around the implants. However, the numbers of macrophages remained the same. In conclusion, both polyurethane disks induce the same type of inflammatory reaction that varies from slight to moderate according to evaluation time.

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar, por meio de estudo retrospectivo, a evolução de 48 cães de porte médio a toy com luxação patelar medial de desenvolvimento submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos corretivos. Dos membros com grau 1 (n=15), 46,7% foram tratados apenas com a superposição do retináculo lateral, e 53,3%, com a superposição do retináculo lateral e o aprofundamento do sulco troclear, não sendo detectadas complicações. Nos membros com grau 2 (n=35), as técnicas predominantes foram aprofundamento do sulco troclear e superposição do retináculo lateral (100% dos casos), desmotomia medial (28,6%) e sutura fabela-patela (2,8%), com 14,3% de recidiva da luxação. O período final de avaliação variou de três a nove meses, e sinais clínicos de claudicação ainda foram observados em 20% dos membros. Em todos os casos de grau 3 (n=11), foram realizados aprofundamento do sulco troclear, superposição do retináculo lateral, liberação parcial do quadríceps, desmotomia medial e transposição lateral da crista da tíbia, que foi fixada com fio de Kirschner ou parafuso. Em 27,3% dos membros, ocorreu reluxação e esses membros foram reoperados. Nesse grupo, foi detectada ausência de claudicação em 72,7% dos membros. Nos membros com grau 4 (n=10), além das técnicas citadas para o grau 3, foi também necessária a ostectomia femoral em quatro membros. Houve reluxação em 30% dos membros, que foram novamente operados. Embora 60% dos membros tenham apresentado uma evolução positiva, ou seja, habilidade de apoio e locomoção com os membros após o período de avaliação de 5,2 meses, em geral, os cães adotavam uma postura com os membros pélvicos em flexão, em razão da inabilidade de estender totalmente o joelho. Com base nos dados obtidos, foi possível concluir que os procedimentos cirúrgicos adotados permitiram uma melhora da locomoção; porém, com exceção do grau 1, há possibilidade de recidivas nos demais, o que indica a necessidade de realização de estudos acerca de novas condutas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively 48 medium to toy breed dogs with developmental medial patellar luxation submitted to corrective surgical procedures. In the grade 1 limbs, 46.7% were treated by lateral retinacular overlap and 53.3% by lateral retinacular overlap and deepening of the femoral groove with no complications. In the grade 2 limbs (n=35) were used the techniques of deepening of the femoral groove and lateral retinacular overlap (100% of the cases), medial desmotomy (28.6%), fabello-patellar sutures (2.8%) with 14.3% of reluxation. The last evaluation varied from 3 to 9 months, and clinical signs of lameness were still observed in 20% of the limbs. In all grade 3 cases (n=11) were performed deepening of the femoral groove, lateral retinacular overlap, partial quadriceps released, medial desmotomy and lateral transposition of the tibial tuberosiy that was fixated with Kirschner wire or screw. Reluxation occurred in 27.3% of the limbs that were reoperated. In this group 72.7% of the limbs had absence of lameness. In the grade 4 limbs (n=10) were used the same techniques of grade 3, but it was also necessary the femoral corrective osteotomy in 4 limbs. Reluxation was observed in 30% of the limbs that were reoperated. Although 60% of the limbs showed a positive evolution of the locomotion after 5.2 months of evaluation, in general the dogs showed a posture with the hind limbs in a semi-flexed position, due to the inability to fully extend the stifle. In conclusion, the surgical procedures used allowed an improvement of the locomotion, but except to grade 1, the patellar reluxation may occur in the other degrees suggesting the necessity of other protocols.

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar por meio de estudos goniométricos os membros pélvicos de pacas criadas em cativeiro. Foram utilizadas oito pacas (Cuniculus paca), sendo três fêmeas e cinco machos, com peso entre 6,0 kg e 8,2 kg, nos quais foi aferido o movimento de extensão e flexão das articulações coxofemoral, joelho e tarsocrural utilizando-se um goniômetro de plástico. Foram realizadas duas aferições para cada membro pelo mesmo avaliador, com intervalo de uma semana entre cada aferição, com os animais sob anestesia dissociativa. Não houve diferença estatística nas aferições dos ângulos entres os momentos. As variações entre as medidas de flexão e extensão, efetuadas em cada momento pelo mesmo avaliador, foi entre 1º e 5º para cada membro. Os valores goniométricos médios foram: flexão de 43,96º±7,62 e extensão de 118,31º±9,79 para a articulação coxofemoral; flexão de 54,25º±10,24 e extensão 131,53º±7,89 para o joelho; flexão de 45,94º±7,16 e extensão de 145,03º±5,06 para a articulação tarsocrural. Sendo assim, observou-se que a amplitude de movimento das pacas é maior na articulação tarsocrural, seguida respectivamente do joelho e da articulação coxofemoral.

The aim of this study was to evaluate by goniometry the hind limbs of pacas raised in captivity. Eight mature pacas (Cuniculus paca), three females and five males, weighing 6.0-8.2 kg, were used. The quantity of joint flexion and extension motion of the hip joint, stifle joint and tarsocrural joint was measured using a plastic standard goniometer. Under dissociative anesthesia, two measures were made for each member in each animal by the same observer at an interval of one week. There were no statistical differences of the quantity of joint motion between the moments. The flexion and extension angles varied from 1º to 5º in each moment for the same observer. The mean values of the angles of flexion and extension were, respectively, 43.96º±7.62 and 118.31º±9.79 for hip joint, 54.25º±10.24 and 131.53º±7.89 for stifle joint, and 45.94º±7.16 and 145.03º±5.06 for tarsocrural joint. Thus, it was observed that the range of motion of the pacas is greater in the tarsocrural joint, followed respectively by stifle and hip joints.