ABSTRACT Conservation agriculture principles applied to peanut can reduce soil erosion and production costs when cultivated in rotation with sugarcane. Still, the problem with soil compaction is the leading cause of skepticism about the efficacy of this practice. This research aimed to study the effect of three soil management strategies compared with conventional for peanut cv. IAC-OL3, cultivated in rotation with sugarcane using the MEIOSI (method of intercropping occurring simultaneously) system for agronomic practices with additional analysis on changes in soil physics properties. The trial was conducted in 2019-2020 in Planalto municipality (São Paulo, Brazil) under a green-harvested sugarcane field, using a randomized complete block experimental design. The trial consisted of four soil management treatments (conventional tillage, minimum tillage with chisel, strip-tillage, and no-tillage) with five replications. Although no differences were verified in soil bulk density and porosity among treatments, the highest values of soil penetration resistance were observed in no-tillage treatment for all evaluations (before planting, at the beginning of flowering, and before and after harvesting) in comparison with conventional tillage. The difference in soil penetration resistance among the treatments diminished from planting to the end of the cycle. Furthermore, low soil disturbance and maximum covering with straw significantly increased the available water capacity and reduced the incidence and severity of groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) on peanut plants. Consequently, both minimum-tillage and no-tillage have increased the pod yield on average by 695 and 991 kg ha-1 more than strip-tillage and conventional tillage, respectively, without differences in terms of quality and pod losses. Still practice cv IACOL3, IACOL3 IACOL IAC OL3, OL3 OL IAC-OL3 method simultaneously properties 20192020 2019 2020 2019-202 São Paulo Brazil greenharvested green harvested field design chisel striptillage, striptillage strip notillage replications flowering harvesting cycle Furthermore GRSV (GRSV plants Consequently minimumtillage 69 99 ha1 ha 1 ha- respectively losses IAC-OL 2019202 201 202 2019-20 6 9 201920 20 2019-2 20192 2 2019-

ABSTRACT: Although the burrower bug (Cyrtomenus mirabilis) is considered a vitalsoil pest in peanut crops, Arachis hypogaea L., in South America, there is little information on its occurrence and damage characterization. This study aimed to evaluate the vertical distribution and fluctuation of the burrower bug in the soil and the damage this species causes in peanuts. Two peanut cultivars (IAC OL3 and IAC 503) were evaluated in three locations in the state of São Paulo: Pindorama, Ribeirão Preto and Votuporanga, in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 harvests. Trenches were dug 0.5 m long, 0.3 m wide and 0.3 m deep, along plant lines at four spots on each sampling date, and stratified in layers 10 cm deep. Plant samples (0.5 m) were collected and evaluated for number of pods and percentage of kernels with symptoms of insect damage. More than 85 % of the C. mirabilis population was found in depths of up to 10 cm, especially after plant fructification, and an increase in nymphs from 100 days after sowing (DAS) was seen when an increased number of maturing pods was observed. The occurrence of nymphs and adults of C. mirabilis and their damage to peanut kernels was similar in both cultivars (IAC OL3 and IAC 503), when these were harvested according to their developmental cycles.

Abstract ‘IAC Sempre Verde’ is a medium-seeded runner-type peanut highly resistant to late leaf spot and rust, the main diseases in peanut cultivation in Brazil. The newly released cultivar showed remarkable yield advantage over controls when diseases were not controlled and represents the first possibility for peanut cultivation under “Organic” management.

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a tetraploid species with an A and B genome, while the majority of wild Arachis species are diploid with distinct genomes. In pre-breeding programs, one way to introgress interesting wild genes into peanut is by producing amphidiploids. This study aimed at the hybridization between distinct amphidiploids and their characterization, to combine high crossability with peanut, observed in some amphidiploids, with high pest and disease resistances observed in others. These new hybrids were called complex hybrids. Four amphidiploids previously obtained were crossed at four different combinations, and the derived complex hybrids were crossed with four peanut cultivars. Morphological, reproductive, chromosome complement, molecular markers for hybrid identification, phytopatological, and entomological characterizations were performed on the complex hybrids. All cross combinations resulted in complex hybrids. One complete complement of each diploid progenitor was confirmed in each hybrid. Plants of six distinct hybrid combinations were obtained between the complex hybrids and peanut. Based on morphological characterization, differences among progenies from distinct cross combinations were observed. Complex hybrids were considered more resistant to all diseases and pests than peanut cultivars. The simultaneous introgression of genes from four wild Arachis species into peanut was possible through the development of complex hybrids.

Resumen La guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) sobresale entre las frutas tropicales, no obstante los volúmenes de sus exportaciones desde Brasil son bajos, debido al ataque de plagas cuarentenarias, entre ellas, la mosca de la fruta (Anastrepha spp.). La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la fluctuación de la población de esta plaga y la infestación de frutos causada en accesiones de guayaba cultivadas en sistema orgánico, y evaluar las posibles correlaciones con los factores cimáticos. Para estimar la fluctuación de la población, se utilizaron 20 trampas atrayentes amarillas. Las revisiones se iniciaron en abril de 2013 y se hicieron durante 378 días. Las trampas se mantuvieron en el campo durante toda la etapa experimental y fueron revisadas y reemplazadas cada 14 días. Los datos fueron analizados por correlaciones simples entre las poblaciones de moscas de la fruta, la temperatura y la precipitación. Para los conteos se utilizaron 9 frutos por accesión en la fase de de maduración, los cuales fueron llevados al laboratorio y evaluados para infestación mediante corte longitudinal. Los promedios se compararon por la prueba de Scott-Knott al 5% de probabilidad. Los resultados mostraron que, el género Anastrepha presentó una alta población en los accesos evaluados, independiente de los factores de clima. También se encontraron algunos individuos de la especie Ceratitis capitata . No obstante los accesos IAC-4-Cica y Taquaritinga Comum, ambos rojos, no presentaron frutas infestadas; por su parte, los accesos Torráo de Ouro, Supreme BA, L2P4 y Supreme, mostraron bajas cantidades de fruta atacada.

Abstract Guava (Psidium guajava L.) presented prominence among the tropical fruit. Guava exports are still unimpressive, because of the quarantine pests, among them the fruit flies. The present research had as objective to evaluate the population fluctuation of fruit flies Anastrepha spp. and the fruits infestation caused in guava accesses cultivated in organic system, and study the possible correlations between this pest and meteorological factors. To estimate population fluctuation, 20 yellow sticky traps were used. The reviews were initiated in April 2013, for 378 days. The traps were kept in the field for the entire duration of the experiment, and they were reviewed every 14 days in most cases, during replacement of traps for new ones. With the data, simple correlations were calculated between the fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha spp., the temperature, and precipitation. Nine fruits per accession, at the stage of maturation, were taken to the laboratory and evaluated for fruit fly infestation by the longitudinal cutting of fruit. The averages were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The genus Anastrepha was found in greater quantity, and there is no correlation between the meteorological factors and population fluctuation of Anastrepha . Also was found some individuals of the species Ceratitis capitata . Most of the fruits of the evaluated accesses presented high infestations by fruit flies. Accesses IAC - 4 - Cica noteworthy for not presenting any infested fruit, without differing from accesses Taquaritinga Comum, both red. The accesses Torráo de Ouro, Supreme BA, L2P4, and Supreme, also showed low numbers of fruit attacked.

RESUMO A presença de mosca-das-frutas é o maior obstáculo à produção de goiabas, sendo o monitoramento populacional de fundamental importância para seu manejo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de iscas atrativas para mosca-das-frutas em goiabeiras, produzidas em um sistema orgânico. Foram instaladas armadilhas McPhail contendo 400 mL de solução, em quatro repetições e distribuição em blocos randomizados, em seis tratamentos: isca Mosca® (5%); isca Samaritá Tradicional® (5%); levedura Torula®; Bio Anastrepha® (5%); Ceratrap® e suco de goiaba (50%), com 3 avaliações semanais. Os dados da captura foram submetidos à análise de variância e às médias comparadas (Tukey 5%). Os valores de Mosca por Armadilha por Dia (MAD) foram calculados. A correlação entre moscas e as variáveis meteorológicas foi avaliada e o custo mensal das iscas foi calculado. Foram coletados 37.917 indivíduos do gênero Anastrepha e 122 moscas da espécie Ceratitis capitata, sendo a Anastrepha spp. o principal gênero de mosca-das-frutas da região. O produto Ceratrap mostrou-se superior, seguido pelas iscas Torula, Isca Mosca e Bio Anastrepha; a Isca Samaritá e o suco de goiaba apresentaram os menores resultados de captura. O padrão de captura de fêmeas foi semelhante ao total. Verificou-se uma queda na uniformidade de atração de todos os tratamentos, sendo o Ceratrap o que apresentou maior constância após sete dias. As correlações entre os fatores meteorológicos e a flutuação populacional foram positivas e significativas apenas para a precipitação. Os tratamentos mais onerosos (Ceratrap e Torula) também foram os mais eficientes e seletivos, sendo o produto Ceratrap o que demandou menor mão de obra.

ABSTRACT Fruit flies are the biggest obstacle in guava cultivation, with the monitoring of population a fundamental aspect for their management. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of attractive lures for fruit flies in guava trees, produced in an organic system. McPhail traps were installed with 400 mL of solution, in four repetitions, and distributed in randomized blocks in six treatments: Isca Mosca® (5%); Isca Samaritá Tradicional® (5%); Torula® yeast; Bio Anastrepha® (5%); Ceratrap® and guava juice (50%), with 3 weekly reviews. Data on capture were subjected to analysis of variance, and averages were compared (Tukey 5%). The values of fly trap per day (FTD) were computed. The correlation between flies and meteorological variables were evaluated, as well as the monthly cost of lures. A total of 37,917 individuals from the genus Anastrepha and 122 species of flies Ceratitis capitata were collected, being Anastrepha spp. the main genus of fruit fly in the region. The Ceratrap product proved to be superior, followed by Torula, Isca Mosca, and Bio Anastrepha; Isca Samaritá and guava juice presented the lowest results. The standard trapping of females was like the total. The uniformity of attraction presented a drop in all treatments, and Ceratrap was more constant after seven days. The correlations between meteorological factors and population variation were positive and significant only for precipitation. The most expensive treatments (Ceratrap and Torula) were also the most efficient and selective, and the Ceratrap product required less manpower.

ABSTRACT Estimating stability and adaptability parameters of cultivars is a widely used study to access the genotype × environment interaction, in order to identify the best genotypes for each cultivation area. In this study, the adaptability and stability parameters were estimated in eight high-oleic lines and two peanut cultivars in 11 experiments in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2008 to 2013, based on the data of the plots mean productivity (Kg·ha–1), with the objective of recommending the most productive genotypes in peanut producing regions in the State of São Paulo. The design used for these experiments was the randomized complete blocks, with four replications. Lines L. 599 and L. 551 were the best genotypes regarding overall adaptability and stability in yield, considering the methods of Eberhart and Russell and of Lin and Binns modified by Carneiro. Results produced by both methods were convergent as for the classification of the lines, and the use of one of them would not be detrimental to the recommendation of productive lines associated to production adaptability and stability. The overall adaptability in addition to the stability in the productivity of the lines here evaluated showed outstanding performance in relation to the cultivars IAC Caiapó and Runner IAC 886.

RESUMO. O amendoim é uma cultura de grande importância para o agronegócio brasileiro. Um dos principais fatores que afetam sua produção é a incidência de pragas como o tripes-do-prateamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de resistência ao tripes, em genótipos derivados do cruzamento entre a cultivar IAC 503 e o anfidiploide (A. magna x A. cardenasii)4x, assim como estimar os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos em tais genótipos, como auxiliares no processo de seleção. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no esquema de blocos aumentados com testemunhas intercalares em duas gerações (F3 e F4). A resistência ao tripes foi avaliada pela sua infestação natural e pelos sintomas de injúrias causadas pelo inseto. Foram avaliados também, caracteres agronômicos como indicadores da proximidade dos genótipos segregantes ao cultivado. Com base nos resultados, observou-se que as progênies selecionadas apresentaram maior resistência ao tripes quando comparadas aos genótipos cultivados, tendo o anfidiploide como fonte de resistência ao inseto. Algumas progênies selecionadas como resistentes, também apresentaram bons componentes de produção, porém, com grau de adequação aos genótipos A. hypogaea L. ainda pequeno, o que sugere o uso de retrocruzamentos como alternativa na introgressão de genes de resistência e consequente recuperação dos genótipos adaptados dos genitores recorrentes.

ABSTRACT. Peanut is an oilseed crop of great importance for Brazilian agribusiness. A major factor affecting its production is pest incidence, mainly thrips. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for resistance to Enneothrips flavens in genotypes derived from the cross between IAC 503 and the amphidiploid (A. magna x A. cardenasii)4x and to estimate the genetic and phenotype parameters in these genotypes, allowing for better targeting in the selection. The experiments were conducted in a Federer augmented block design with additional checks in two generations (F3 and F4). Resistance to thrips was evaluated by its natural infestation and the symptoms of attacks by the insect. They were also evaluated using agronomic trait indicators of interspecific segregating with cultivated species. The results indicated that the selected progeny exhibited high resistance to thrips compared to commercial genotypes, and they had the amphidiploid as the insect resistance source. Some progenies selected as resistant also had good production traits, but with the degree of suitability to the A. hypogaea L. genotypes still low, the use of a backcross as an alternative for the introgression of resistance genes and the consequent recovery of adapted genotypes of superior recurring parents is suggested.

Abstract IAC OL 5 is a new peanut cultivar recommended to growers of peanut regions of the state of São Paulo as another option for planting during the intervals of sugarcane renewal. Its main traits are its runner growing habit, its moderate resistance to virus and foliar diseases, and the high oleic trait.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os danos ocasionados pelo besouro amarelo em 85 acessos de goiabeira e as correlações dos mesmos com os elementos climatológicos e a produção, em um pomar de goiaba conduzido em sistema orgânico. Foram analisadas 10 folhas por acesso contendo a injúria do ataque do inseto. Cada folha foi medida com medidor de área foliar e, após a obtenção da área total, a folha foi coberta com fita adesiva, e medida novamente. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. Os 15 acessos com maior média de danos tiveram os dados submetidos à correlação com a temperatura mínima e máxima, a precipitação e a umidade relativa. A produção foi obtida pelo número de frutos/planta. Os danos mostraram-se correlacionados negativamente com a média da umidade relativa das 7 h no período de 14 dias que antecedem as avaliações, afetando negativamente a produção de frutos. Os acessos Saito, L4P16, Monte Alto Comum 1 e L5P19 são promissores na agricultura orgânica, por apresentarem boa produção e menor dano ao ataque do inseto, quando comparados aos demais.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was evaluate the damage caused by the yellow beetle on 85 guava accessions and correlations of the damage with the climatological elements and the production of fruit in an orchard of guava conducted in organic system. Ten leaves by access were analyzed containing the injury of insect attack. Each leaf had its foliar area measured by leaf area meter and, after obtaining the total area, the leaf was covered with duct tape, and measure again. The averages were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The 15 accessions with highest average damage had the data submitted to the correlation with the minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation and relative humidity. The production was obtained by the number of fruits/plant. The damages are negatively correlated with the mean relative humidity of 7:00h (local time) in the period of 14 days prior to the assessments, and negatively affect production. The accessions Saito, L4P16, Monte Alto Comum 1 and L5P19 are promising in organic agriculture, for presenting good production and minor damage to insect attack, when compared to others.

RESUMO Diversas tecnologias de milho geneticamente modificado (Bt) foram liberadas comercialmente desde 2007 visando principalmente o controle da lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de híbridos transgênicos (Bt) e convencionais (não Bt) no controle lagarta-do-cartucho, submetidas ou não a inseticidas. Para isso, foram conduzidos ensaios em três localidades do estado de São Paulo nas safrinhas de 2009, 2010 e 2011, com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x4, 5x4 e 8x4, respectivamente. O primeiro fator correspondeu ao número de híbridos comerciais de diferentes empresas. O segundo fator foi constituído pela utilização de diferentes manejos de controle do inseto. Para a avaliação dos danos ocasionados pela lagarta-do-cartucho, foram realizadas amostragens ao acaso de 20 plantas por parcela, aplicando-se uma escala de notas visuais, atribuindo notas que variam de 0 (sem dano) a 9 (cartucho totalmente destruído) e obtido a produtividade de grãos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, para cada parâmetro avaliado em cada localidade. Os híbridos transgênicos proporcionaram redução nas notas de danos atribuídas a lagarta-do-cartucho e as proteínas Cry 1F, Cry 1A105 e VIP3Aa20 foram as mais eficientes na redução do dano foliar. A pulverização mostrou-se uma estratégia eficiente em reduzir os danos foliar provocados pela praga. A combinação da pulverização com híbrido transgênico, de modo geral, mostrou ser uma boa estratégia para redução de dano foliar, especialmente quando foi utilizada a proteína Cry 1Ab, comprovadamente de menor eficiência para redução dos danos causados pela praga.

ABSTRACT Several genetically modified maize events expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been commercially available in Brazil, intended to control of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of transgenic (Bt) and conventional (non-Bt) hybrids in the control of fall armyworm, treated or not with insecticides throughout three late growing seasons. To this end, trials were conducted at three locations in the state of São Paulo, in a randomized complete block design, in factorial arrangements with 5x4, 5x4 and 8x4 factors, respectively. The first factor consisted of the number of commercial hybrids of different companies. The second factor was represented by the different control managements of insect (non-Bt hybrid with and without insecticide; Bt hybrid with and without insecticide). The damage caused by fall armyworm was evaluated on a visual 1-9 scale, from score 0 (no damage) to 9 (totally destroyed whorl), and grain yield (kg ha-1). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability for each parameter evaluated at each location. For the Bt hybrids, the damage scores attributed to fall armyworm were lower and the proteins Cry 1F, Cry 1A105 and VIP3Aa20 were the most efficient in reducing leaf damage. Insecticide applications proved efficient in reducing leaf damage caused by the pest. Application of insecticides to Bt hybrids generally reduced leaf damage, especially for Cry1Ab-producing hybrids, which were the least effective in reducing pest damage without insecticides.

RESUMO Dentre as doenças que ocorrem na pós-colheita da goiaba, destacam-se a antracnose, a pinta preta e as podridões pedunculares. A incidência e a diversidade dessas doenças dependem do genótipo do hospedeiro. Este trabalho objetivou identificar e quantificar as doenças pós-colheita de acessos de goiabeira cultivados em sistema orgânico. Para a caracterização das doenças, avaliaram-se 30 frutos de 48 acessos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A antracnose e a pinta preta foram as doenças pós-colheita mais frequentes na goiaba. Os acessos Vermelha Redonda (Shimoda), L5P21, L3P12, EEF-3, IAC-4 - Unesp e Monte Alto - Comum 1 destacaram-se por apresentarem as menores incidências de antracnose e pinta preta, enquanto L4P13, L1P2 e Creme Arredondada (Unesp) foram os que apresentaram as maiores incidências de antracnose, pinta preta e podridão peduncular. Os patógenos Fusicoccum sp., Phomopsis sp., Phoma sp., Dothiorella sp. e Lasiodiplodia sp. foram identificados como causadores de sintomas da podridão peduncular.

ABSTRACT Quantification of postharvest diseases of guava accessions cultivated in organic system Among the postharvest diseases that occur in guava, anthracnose, black spot and stem-end rot are the most common. The incidence and diversity of these diseases depend on the host genotype. This study aimed to identify and quantify the postharvest diseases of guava accessions cultivated in organic system. For the characterization of diseases, 30 fruits from 48 accessions were evaluated in a completely randomized design. Anthracnose and black spot were the most frequent postharvest diseases in guava. The Vermelha Redonda (Shimoda), L5P21, L3P12, EEF-3, IAC-4 -Unesp and Monte Alto -Comum 1 accessions stood out with the lowest incidence of anthracnose and black spot, while L4P13, L1P2 and Creme Arredondada (Unesp) showed the highest incidence of anthracnose, black spot and stem-end rot. The Fusicoccum sp., Phomopsis sp., Phoma sp., Dothiorella sp. and Lasiodiplodia sp. pathogens were identified as the main responsible for causing stem-end rot symptoms.

Neste trabalho avaliou-se, em condições de campo, o potencial de resistência à mancha preta (Cercosporidium personatum) em plantas F4, selecionadas de cruzamentos entre genótipos de Arachis hypogaea (acessos VGaRoSv 12549 e VGaRoSv 12548 e a cultivar IAC Caiapó) e um anfidiplóide sintético (Arachis ipäensis x Arachis duranensis)4x. O experimento foi desenvolvido no ano agrícola de 2007/2008, em Pindorama (SP). Avaliaram-se noventa e três famílias de plantas em F4, em parcelas com dez plantas distribuídas em linhas de três metros de comprimento, espaçadas de dois metros, bem como os controles, as cultivares IAC Caiapó e Runner IAC 886, a espécie A. ipäensis e o anfidiplóide. Foram realizadas três avaliações da doença durante o ciclo, utilizando uma escala diagramática de notas visuais de sintomas de lesões e desfolha. Avaliaram-se também alguns caracteres morfoagronômicos, como indicativos da proximidade do material silvestre com o cultivado. A variabilidade da resistência à doença foi estudada através das médias de ASCPD (Área sob a Curva de Progresso da Doença). Pelos resultados constata-se que o anfidiplóide utilizado é interessante fonte de resistência. A seleção pelo método genealógico propiciou obter indivíduos com resistência ao nível do parental silvestre, mas as chances de se obter indivíduos resistentes e com caracteres agronômicos desejáveis é pequena, sugerindo a necessidade de retrocruzamentos.

Resistance to late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum) was evaluated under field conditions in F4 plant populations selected from crosses between Arachis hypogaea genotypes (accessions VGaRoSv 12549 and VGaRoSv V12548 and the cultivar IAC Caiapó) and a synthetic amphydiploid (Arachis ipäensis x Arachis duranensis)4x. The experiment was carried out during 2007/2008 in Pindorama, State of São Paulo. Ninety and three F4 families were evaluated in plots of ten plants distributed along three-meter rows, with two meters spacing between rows. Cultivars IAC Caiapó and Runner IAC 886, as well as the wild species A. ipäensis and the amphydiploid were used as references (control). Some morphological and agronomic attributes were also evaluated as indicators of proximity between the wild parent and the cultivated peanut. Disease resistance variability was studied through estimates of AUCDP (Area Under the Curve of Disease Progress). The results showed that the amphydiploid used in these crosses is an interesting source of resistance. Selection by the pedigree method yielded F4 resistant individuals at the level of the wild resistant parent, but the chances of obtaining resistant plants with agronomic desirable traits is small, indicating the need for backcrossings.

No Brasil, diversas pragas podem atacar o amendoinzeiro, sendo o tripes-do-prateamento, Enneothrips flavens Moulton (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a principal delas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a infestação e os sintomas dessa praga em diferentes acessos de espécies silvestres, anfidiplóides e cultivares de amendoinzeiro, foi instalado um experimento em campo, no município de Pindorama (SP ), no ano agrícola de 2007/2008. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 48 tratamentos e cinco repetições. A formação das mudas foi feita em copos com substrato em casa de vegetação, sendo o plantio realizado em outubro/novembro de 2007. Foram realizadas amostragens a partir dos 30 dias após o plantio das mudas no campo, repetidas a cada 15 dias, num total de cinco avaliações, em cinco folíolos fechados por planta. Foram anotadas a presença e ausência de tripes em folíolos ainda fechados e atribuídas notas dos sintomas de dano aos folíolos recém-abertos, baseando-se em uma escala de notas variando de 1 a 5, sendo nota 1 sem dano de ataque; nota 2 limbo foliar com 1% a 25% da superfície com estrias e deformações; nota 3, 26 a 50%; nota 4, 51 a 75%; e, nota 5, 76% a 100%. Os acessos com menor porcentagem de presença de tripes e notas de sintomas foram VS 14957 (A. gregoryi), V13832 (A. stenosperma), V8979 (A. kuhlmannii), V9912 (A. kuhlmannii), V7639 (A. kuhlmannii) e VMiIrLbGv14309 (A. villosa). Dentre os acessos mais sensíveis ao tripes situaram-se V12549 (Arachis hypogaea),Ac2562 (A. hypogaea) e as cultivares IAC Caiapó (A. hypogaea) e IA C Runner 886 (A. hypogaea).

In Brazil, various pests are reported to infest peanut crop, being the thrips Enneothrips flavens the most important. Accesses of wild peanut species, anfidiploide and peanut cultivars were evaluated in field conditions at Pindorama, São Paulo State, at the agricultural year of 2007/2008. The experiment consisted of a complete ramdomized block design with 48 treatments and five replications. The material was sown in small bags under greenhouse conditions. Plantings were carried out in October/November 2007. Starting at 30 days after planting in the field, evaluations were done at 15-day intervals, in five closed leaves of each plant. The following data were obtained: presence or absence of thrips in each leaf; symptoms of thrips damage in recently opened leaves, based on a 1-5 scale where 1 = without damage, 2 = 1 to 25% of the leaf surface with damage (grooves and deformations), 3 = 26 to 50%, 4 = 51 to 75% and 5 = 76 to 100% of damage symptoms. The accesses with the least damages and insect presence were: VS 14957 (A. gregoryi), V13832 (A. stenosperma), V8979 (A. kuhlmannii), V9912 (A. kuhlmannii), V7639 (A. kuhlmannii) e VMiIrLbGv14309 (A. villosa). The most sensitive accesses were V12549 (A. hypogaea), Ac2562 (A. hypogaea) and the commercial A. hypogaea genotypes IAC Caiapó and IAC Runner 886.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biologia do pulgão-do-algodoeiro, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), em plantas de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) sadias e infectadas com o vírus causador do mosaico das nervuras. O experimento foi realizado em câmara climatizada mantida a 25±1 ºC, umidade relativa de 70±10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Os dois tratamentos corresponderam a pulgões que se alimentaram de plantas sadias e infectadas com o vírus. As unidades experimentais consistiram de placas de Petri contendo ágar-água a 1% solidificado e um disco foliar de plantas sadias ou infectadas, com 30 repetições cada uma. Os pulgões que se alimentaram de plantas infectadas tiveram menor duração da fase ninfal (4,5 dias) em relação àqueles que se alimentaram de plantas sadias (4,9 dias). Os períodos pré-reprodutivo, reprodutivo e pós-reprodutivo e a longevidade não foram influenciados pelo vírus. A maior mortalidade também foi observada em pulgões alimentados com plantas infectadas. O tempo decorrido entre gerações (T) e o tempo necessário para duplicar em número (TD) foram menores para pulgões que se alimentaram de plantas infectadas (9,74 e 1,66 dias respectivamente), as quais também acarretaram maior mortalidade ninfal. A taxa líquida de reprodução (Ro), a capacidade inata de aumentar em número (r m) e a razão finita de aumento (λ) foram favoráveis aos pulgões que se alimentaram de folhas de algodoeiro infectadas. Conclui-se que os pulgões mantidos em folhas de algodoeiro sadias atingiram melhores índices de desenvolvimento enquanto na reprodução os melhores índices são observados em pulgões mantidos em folhas infectadas.

The objective of this work was to study the biology of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) healthy and infected by cotton vein mosaic virus. The assay was performed in climatic chambers at 25±1ºC, under relative humidity of 70±10% and photophase of 12h. The treatments corresponded to aphids fed on leaves of healthy and infected by virus plants. Cages consisted of Petri dishes containing agar-water (1%) solidified and one leaf disc from either healthy or infected plants. Aphids fed on infected cotton plant had a significantly shorter nymphal phase (4.5 days) than aphids fed on noninfected cotton plant (4.9 days). No significant differences were observed in A. gossypii prereproductive, reproductive and postreproductive periods and longevity when fed on infected or noninfected plants. The highest mortality rate of aphids occurred on infected plants. The time interval between generations (T) and the time needed for the population to double in size (TD) were lower for aphids feeding on infected plants (9.74 and 1.66 days, respectively). The net reproductive rate (Ro), the intrinsic rate of population increase (r m) and finite rate of increase (λ) were higher for aphids feeding on infected plants. Aphids that fed on noninfected cotton plants showed better indices of development. In the reproduction of aphids the best indices were observed in aphids kept in infected plants.