ABSTRACT Global positioning and geographic information systems are essential for studying foraging animal behavior. This study aims to implement a fractal self-similarity and chaos game computational efficient methodology to determine the behavior-associated fractal using GPS data of activity sequences in spatial ranges of livestock movement trajectories in interaction with habitat factors. Six cows were randomly selected with an average weight of 480 kg, maintained under the same conditions, and a GPS-equipped collar was installed, programmed at intervals of 1 min and an average of 9 h daylight. Roughly 192810 registries and an average of 32135 signals per cow from trajectory tracking in spatial activity sequencing were used as a variable of interest in the fractal characterization methodology. Spatial patterns were evaluated using the Morán’s spatial autocorrelation indices, cluster, and non-parametric statistics, evaluating deterministic spatial patterns of preferential activities associated to spatial ranges of less than 7.1 m (resting 42 %, grazing 38 %). GPS information was refined through spatial ranges and changes in activities under resting, eating, traveling, and complementary schemes associated to the fractal displacement behavior of grazing cattle. This information was processed and mapped using fractal self-similarity rules in the Sierpinski triangle to determine the typical fractal of spatial activities per animal in the habitat. The particular fractal record of each bovine as a function of trajectory sequences was mapped for binary image matrices, registering a good classification (83 %) of the animals by breed and climatological cycle, using information from the sequencing of spatial activities associated to the preferred behavior in the habitat.

En pasturas con composición botánica diversa, como es el caso de las pasturas naturalizadas en el municipio de Muy Muy (Nicaragua), es fundamental el conocimiento de las especies presentes en las pastura, en virtud que estas constituyen parte de la dieta del ganado. Dicha composición florística varía en pasturas bajo diferentes regímenes de pastoreo. La cobertura, composición florística y tipo de vegetación leñosa y herbácea presente en dos tipos de paisaje (planicies onduladas y vegas de ríos) fueron evaluadas; con dos tipos de manejo (vacas lactantes y vacas secas), en las épocas seca y húmeda. Tres tratamientos fueron evaluados: tratamiento vega (vacas lactantes en potreros de vegas), tratamiento leche y tratamiento horro (vacas lactantes y vacas horras respectivamente en potreros de planicies onduladas), con ocho repeticiones (potreros) por tratamiento. Para el inventario de especies se adaptó la metodología utilizada por Jansson en estudios de selectividad de vacas en diferentes escalas espaciales. La composición botánica de la vegetación herbácea en los sitios de vegas fue diferente a la de las planicies onduladas, tanto en época seca (p<0.01) como en húmeda (p<0.01). En las vegas de río la especie más frecuente fue el pasto Asia (Panicum maximum).

In pastures with very diverse botanical composition, as is the case of naturalized pastures in Muy Muy (Nicaragua), it is important to know which species are present in the pasture, because they constitutes a part of the diet for the cattle. That floristic composition change in the pastures managed under different grazing conditions. We evaluated cover, floristic composition and type of the arboreal and herbaceous vegetation under two landscape condition (undulating lands and riverbanks), and two animal management systems, during the dry and wet seasons. Three treatments studied were: “vega” (milking cows grazing in the riverbanks), “leche” and “horro” (milking and dry cows, respectively, grazing in undulating lands), each with eight paddocks as replicates. A simple random sampling was done of treatments in 24 units (paddocks). Inventory of species was carried out adapting the methodology described by Jansson used to study cows’ selectivity at different spatial scales. Species diversity was greater in the undulating lands than in the riverbanks. In the latter, Panicum maximum grass was the most common species. Botanic composition of herbaceous vegetation in vegas was different to of undulating lands, in dry season (p<0.01) and wet season. The most frequent specie on the riverbanks was Asia grass (Panicum maximum).

Em pastagens com diversa composição botânica, como é o caso de naturalizado pastagens en Muy Muy (Nicaragua), é fundamental o conhecimento da espécie na pastagem, em que os mesmos fazem parte da dieta dos animais. Esta composição floral varia sob diferentes regimes de pastejo. A capa, composição floral e tipo de vegetação lenhosa e herbácea presente em dois tipos de paisagem (material planícies e vales de rios), foram avaliados; com dois tipos de gestão (vaca em lactação e vacas secas) na estação seca e chuvosa. Foram testados três tratamentos: vega (vacas para pastar em Vegas), leite e horra (vacas para pastar em planícies do rolamento) com oito repetições (piquetes) por tratamento. Para o inventário de espécies foi adaptada a metodologia utilizada por Jansson em estudos de selectividade das vacas em diferentes escalas espaciais. A composição botânica da vegetação herbácea em sites em vegas foi diferente da planície do rolamento, tanto na estação seca (p<0.01) e úmido (p<0.01). Nos vales fluviais dos mais freqüente foi a erva Asia (Panicum maximum).