ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and the repeatability coefficient and to select clones of elephant grass from full-sib families. Fifteen clones and two commercial controls were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Three measurements were taken at regular 10-month intervals. Genotypic variance was significant. The observed heritability based on the mean of the genotypes (0.58), coupled with the results of repeatability (0.53) and selection accuracy (0.76), demonstrates that the genotypes performance is constant between measurements. Thus, only three measurements are necessary to reliably select genotypes and obtain real genetic gains with selection. Among the 15 clones evaluated, six showed higher new means than those of the BRS Capiaçu and BRS Canará controls and can be used as parents and/or to compose value for cultivation and use experiments aimed at the release of cultivars for bioenergy production. fullsib full sib families replications 10month month 10 intervals significant 0.58, 058 0.58 , 0 58 (0.58) 0.53 053 53 (0.53 0.76, 076 0.76 76 (0.76) Thus 1 andor or production 05 0.5 5 (0.58 (0.5 07 0.7 7 (0.76 0. (0. (0.7 (0 (

ABSTRACT The mixed-model methodology is an alternative to select genotypes for traits highly influenced by the environment. In addition, this method allows FOR estimating the repeatability coefficient and predicting the number of assessments needed for a selection process to increase reliability. This study aimed to determine the minimum number of evaluations necessary for a reliable selection process and to estimate the variance components used for predicting genetic gains between and within half-sib families of elephant grass ( Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone ) using the mixed-model methodology. Half-sib families were generated using genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of Elephant Grass. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with nine half-sib families, three replicates, and eight plants per plot. We evaluated 216 genotypes (individual plants) of elephant grass. The deviance analysis was carried out, genetic parameters were estimated, gains between and within families were predicted, and repeatability coefficients were obtained using Selegen software. There was genetic variability for selection within the families evaluated. The reliability values found above 60 % for plant height and number of tillers and above 80 % for dry matter yield suggest that only two evaluations are required to select superior genotypes with outstanding reliability. Sixteen genotypes were identified and selected for their productive potential, which can be used as parents in elephant grass breeding programs for bioenergy production. mixedmodel mixed model environment addition halfsib half sib Schumach. Schumach (Schumach. Halfsib Half Grass replicates plot 21 individual out estimated predicted software 6 8 potential production (Schumach 2

ABSTRACT One of the challenges of the energy sector is the identification of renewable resources with less impact on the environment and that are economically viable. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity of eleven full-sib families of elephant grass, using quantitative traits associated with bioenergy production. The trial followed a randomized blocks design, with four replications and each plot (family) consisting of five plants, totaling 220 genotypes. Five quantitative traits were measured: dry matter yield, dry matter percentage, plant height, stem diameter and number of tillers. The genetic diversity was estimated using multivariate methods (principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering). The analysis revealed a significant genetic diversity among the full-sib of elephant grass, with a greater variability observed for dry matter yield and number of tillers. The families 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8 exhibited superior genotypes for bioenergy production-related traits. The grouping analysis generated twenty clusters, enabling the differentiation of genotypes. Eight clusters comprised genotypes with a high dry matter yield and plant height, simultaneously, surpassing the overall mean for number of tillers. viable fullsib full sib grass production design family (family plants 22 measured percentage height tillers principal clustering. clustering . clustering) 1 2 5 productionrelated related simultaneously

RESUMO Um dos desafios do setor energético é a identificação de recursos renováveis com menor impacto ao meio ambiente e que sejam economicamente viáveis. Objetivou-se estimar a diversidade genética de onze famílias de irmãos completos de capim-elefante, utilizando-se características quantitativas associadas à produção de bioenergia. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela (família) composta por cinco plantas, totalizando 220 genótipos. Cinco características quantitativas foram mensuradas: produção de matéria seca, porcentagem de matéria seca, altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo e número de perfilhos. A estimativa da diversidade genética foi realizada por meio de métodos multivariados (componentes principais e agrupamento hierárquico). Observou-se que há diversidade genética em irmãos completos de capim-elefante, com maior amplitude de variabilidade para produção de matéria seca e número de perfilhos. As famílias 1, 2, 5, 7 e 8 apresentam genótipos superiores para características relacionadas à produção de bioenergia. Vinte grupos obtidos no agrupamento maximizaram a distinção dos genótipos. Oito grupos continham genótipos com alta produção de matéria seca e altura de planta, simultaneamente, além de valores acima da média geral para número de perfilhos. viáveis Objetivouse Objetivou se capimelefante, capimelefante capim elefante, elefante capim-elefante utilizandose utilizando bioenergia acaso repetições família (família plantas 22 mensuradas planta perfilhos componentes hierárquico. hierárquico . hierárquico) Observouse Observou 1 2 5 simultaneamente

ABSTRACT Elephant grass stands out among lignocellulosic biomass plants utilized for second-generation biofuel production due to several advantageous characteristics compared to other raw materials. Its short production cycle and ability to thrive in adverse soil and climate conditions contribute to its appeal. Additionally, breeders seek genotypes with high productivity potential and adaptability to various favorable cultivation environments. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters, predict genetic values using mixed models (REML/BLUP), and evaluate stability and adaptability for energy biomass production in elephant grass genotypes. The experiment was conducted in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, utilizing a two-replicate experimental block design that included 40 elephant grass genotypes. Four harvest assessments were performed between 2016 and 2019. Genetic parameter estimation and selection of superior genotypes based on genetic value using the REML/BLUP procedure were performed using Selegen software. Stability and adaptability analyses were obtained through the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), enabling the identification of stable and highly productive genotypes. Genotypes 17, 18, 32, 16, 36, 6, 15, 31, and 34 exhibited outstanding performance in terms of HMGV, indicating enhanced stability, adaptability, and simultaneous productivity, thus ensuring robustness in cultivation. These selected genotypes hold potential for future breeding programs aimed at improving elephant grass yield for biomass production. secondgeneration second generation materials appeal Additionally environments parameters REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) Goytacazes RJ Brazil tworeplicate two replicate 4 201 2019 software HMGV (HMGV) 17 18 32 16 36 6 15 31 3 (REML/BLUP 20 (HMGV 1 2

RESUMO: A interação genótipo x ambiente representa um grande desafio na identificação e seleção de genótipos responsivos às diversas condições de clima e solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e selecionar pré-cultivares de feijão carioca e feijão carioca precoce com base na adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de grãos. Na safra 2014 foram conduzidos dois ensaios regionais de competição no estado de Pernambuco: feijão carioca (14 genótipos em Arcoverde, Belém de São Francisco, Caruaru e São João) e feijão carioca precoce (11 genótipos em Araripina, Arcoverde e Caruaru) e na safra de 2015 com feijão carioca precoce (11 genótipos, em Araripina, Arcoverde e Brejão). Os parâmetros foram estimados por meio de modelos mistos e a seleção foi realizada pelo método da Média Harmônica do Desempenho Relativo dos Valores Genéticos (MHPRVG), adotando-se três estratégias: i) seleção com base no valor genético predito, sem interação; ii) seleção com base no valor genético predito, considerando cada local; iii) seleção simultânea quanto à produtividade de grãos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Observou-se que os ambientes influenciaram na expressão fenotípica dos genótipos de feijão carioca e carioca precoce, configurando adaptação específica. Os genótipos BRS Notável, BRS Estilo e BRS Pérola, de feijão carioca, e CNFC 15875, BRS Notável e CNFC 15630, de feijão carioca precoce, apresentaram os melhores desempenhos nos ambientes testados, considerando-se, simultaneamente, a adaptabilidade a diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, estabilidade de desempenho e produtividade de grãos.

ABSTRACT: Genotype x environment interactions represent a major challenge in identifying and selecting genotypes responsive to different climate and soil conditions. This research evaluated and selected pre-cultivars of carioca bean and early carioca bean based on adaptability, stability, and grain yield. In the 2014 crop season, two regional competition trials were conducted in the state of Pernambuco: carioca beans (14 genotypes in Arcoverde, Belém de São Francisco, Caruaru and São João) and early carioca beans (11 genotypes in Araripina, Arcoverde, and Caruaru) and, in the 2015 crop season, with early carioca beans (11 genotypes in Araripina, Arcoverde, and Brejão). Parameters were estimated by mixed models, and the selection was performed using the Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genetic Values (HMRPGV) method following three strategies: i) selection based on predicted genetic value with no interaction; ii) selection according to predicted genetic value considering each location; and iii) simultaneous selection for grain yield, adaptability, and stability. The environments influenced the phenotypic expression of the carioca and early carioca bean genotypes, representing a specific adaptation. The genotypes BRS Notável, BRS Estilo and BRS Pérola, of carioca beans, and CNFC 15875, BRS Notável and CNFC 15630, of early carioca beans, had the best results in the environments tested, regarding, simultaneously, adaptability to different soil and climate conditions, performance stability, and grain yield.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a variação do teor de açúcar (°Brix) existente entre 95 acessos do banco ativo de germoplasma de capim-elefante da Embrapa Gado de Leite, localizado no campo experimental de Coronel Pacheco. Foram identificados os acessos com maior teor de açúcar, bem como avaliado o efeito da idade da planta sobre a variação da concentração de açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso com duas repetições, 95 genótipos, duas idades de planta, 70 e 100 dias de crescimento, e análise do teor de açúcar em duas secções amostradas à 30 cm da base e na metade do colmo. A análise de variância considerou modelo de parcela subdividida no tempo, sendo os acessos, as parcelas e a idade da planta as subparcelas. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott. Observou-se variação no teor de açúcar entre os acessos, porém não foi observado efeito significativo no teor de açúcar devido ao aumento da idade da planta. Entretanto, alguns acessos apresentaram interação significativa com aumento ou redução do teor de açúcar em decorrência do aumento da idade da planta. O acesso de maior média de teor de açúcares entre as duas idades foi BAG80, com 6,96%, e o de menor foi BAG13, com 4,03%.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to estimate sugar content variation (°Brix) in 95 accessions from the elephant grass germplasm active bank of Embrapa Dairy Cattle research center, located in Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil. The accessions with the highest sugar content were identified, and the effect of plant age on sugar concentration was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with two replications. Sugar content analysis occurred twice during the growth-cycle (at 70 and 100 days) along two points of the stem, one 30 cm from the base and the other at the midpoint. The analysis of variance considered the split plot model, with accessions as main plots and plant age as subplots. The means were compared using the Scott Knott test. While there was sugar content variation between accessions, increased plant age had no significant effect on the sugar content. However, some accessions did have a significant increase or decrease in sugar content as they aged. The highest and lowest mean sugar content was 6.96% (in the accession BAG80) and 4.03% (in the accession BAG13) °Brix, respectively.

RESUMO A seleção dos melhores genótipos é dificultada devido ao efeito da interação genótipos x ambientes. Na existência dessa interação, o estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fornece subsídios para a seleção dos melhores genótipos. Sendo assim, os genótipos selecionados deverão associar alta produtividade, adaptabilidade às diversas condições ambientais e estabilidade de produção. Objetivou-se avaliar e selecionar pré-cultivares de feijão preto e roxo com base na adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de grãos. Os parâmetros foram estimados por meio de modelos mistos e a seleção pela Média Harmônica da Performance Relativa dos Valores Genotípicos (MHPRVG). Os ambientes infuenciaram na expressão fenotípica dos genótipos de feijão preto e roxo, confgurando adaptação específica. Os genótipos de feijão preto BRS Esteio, BRS FP 403, CNFP 15681 e CNFP 16459 e as linhagens de feijão roxo CNFRx 16340, CNFRx 16346 e CNFRx 16353 apresentaram as melhores performances, considerando-se, simultaneamente, a produtividade de grãos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade. O método MHPRVG proporcionou seleção otimizada de genótipos com elevada produtividade de grãos, previsibilidade e responsividade à melhoria do ambiente, e deve ser utilizado como estratégia de seleção de genótipos de feijão para plantios comerciais.

ABSTRACT Selecting the best genotypes is difficult, due to the genotype × environment interaction effect. When this interaction is present, the study of adaptability and stability can provide the selection of the best genotypes. Thus, the selected genotypes should associate high yield, adaptability to diferent environmental conditions, as well as production stability. This study aimed to evaluate and select black and purple bean precultivars based on adaptability, stability and grain yield. The parameters were estimated via mixed models and the selection using the Harmonic Mean of the Relative Performance of Predicted Genetic Values (HMRPGV) method. The environments infuenced the phenotypic expression of the black and purple bean genotypes, characterizing a specific adaptability. The black bean genotypes BRS Esteio, BRS FP 403, CNFP 15681 and CNFP 16459 and the purple bean inbred lines CNFRx 16340, CNFRx 16346 and CNFRx 16353 showed the best performance, when considering, simultaneously, grain yield, adaptability and stability. The HMRPGV method provided an optimized selection of genotypes with high grain yield, predictability and responsiveness to environmental improvements, and should be used as a selection strategy for common bean genotypes for commercial growing.

RESUMO A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agroeconômico de duas cultivares de tomate de 'mesa' ('Santa Clara' e 'Siluet'), sob cultivo orgânico e em ambiente protegido. Mediante análise dos custos de produção, da viabilidade econômica e dos riscos do projeto, buscou-se gerar uma proposta agrícola de rentabilidade e com menor impacto socioambiental, visando à agricultura familiar. Para isso, foram calculados os Custos Operacionais e Totais da Produção, o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). Em seguida, procedeu-se as análises de sensibilidade e de risco econômico. Ambas as cultivares consideradas apresentaram indicadores econômicos satisfatórios para o período analisado. Pelo critério do valor presente líquido, constatou-se viabilidade econômica para quase todas as taxas de desconto (exceto para as taxas de 10 e 12%, no caso da c.v. Santa Clara) e taxas internas de retorno superiores à taxa anual de 6% p.a., a taxa mínima de atratividade considerada. A análise de sensibilidade revelou que o preço recebido e a produtividade são as variáveis de maior interferência sobre a rentabilidade dos projetos, seguidas por custos com embalagens e mão-de-obra. Os riscos econômicos estimados foram relativamente baixos, com probabilidades de 30,31%, no caso do cultivo da 'Santa Clara', e 4,48%, no cultivo da 'Siluet', de serem obtidos VPLs negativos. Assim, conclui-se que a produção orgânica sob cultivo protegido dos tomateiros Siluet e Santa Clara são atividades economicamente viáveis, com destaque para a superioridade agroeconômica da cultivar Siluet.

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of two table-tomato cultivars (Santa Clara and Siluet), under organic cultivation and in a protected environment. Through the analysis of production costs, economic viability and project risk, it was sought to generate a proposal for agricultural profitability having less socio-environmental impact on family farming. To achieve that, the Operating and Total Production Costs, Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were calculated. A sensitivity analysis and economic risk analysis were then carried out. Both cultivars under consideration presented satisfactory economic indicators for the period being analysed. Judging by the criterion of Net Present Value, almost all discount rates (except for the rates of 10 and 12% for the Santa Clara cultivar) were found to be economically viable, with internal rates of return higher than the annual rate of 6%, the minimum rate of financial attractiveness considered. The sensitivity analysis revealed that price received and productivity have the greatest interference on project profitability, followed by packaging and labour costs. The estimated economic risk was relatively low, with a probability of obtaining a negative NPV of 30.31% in the case of the 'Santa Clara', and 4.48% for the 'Siluet'. It is therefore concluded that the organic production of 'Siluet' and 'Santa Clara' tomatoes under protected cultivation is an economically viable activity, with emphasis on the agro-economic superiority of the Siluet cultivar.

Abstract Pennisetum purpureum Schum. has been a key alternative as an energy source in Brazil because of its higher dry matter accumulation and fiber content. This research aimed to select superior individuals of P. purpureum for energy purposes using among-and-within family selection. The study was carried out in Campos dos Goytacazes- RJ (Brazil), using eight full-sib families. Plants were individually assessed during two pasture cuttings, one in 2014, and another in 2015. The dry matter production (DMP) was correlated with the number of tillers, stem diameter, plant height, and neutral detergent fiber content. Plant selection criteria in both cuts were through direct and indirect selections, and Smith and Hazel index. A joint analysis of variance showed significant differences for all five traits assessed in both cuts. The results achieved with Smith and Hazel index were promising for simultaneous selection of the evaluated traits, favoring selection of superior families and individuals them.

RESUMO: O feijão-vagem (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma hortaliça rica em nutrientes, muito apreciada no Brasil, mas pouco estudada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a natureza das características de interesse e selecionar plantas, para seguir o programa de melhoramento de feijão-vagem, por meio da análise biplot de genótipo x característica. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e 17 genótipos. Foram feitas análise de variância, análise de componentes principais e os gráficos bilots para número de vagem por planta, número de sementes por vagem, número de sementes por planta, peso de sementes por planta, peso de 100 sementes, produtividade de grãos e produtividade de vagem. A análise de variância mostrou existência de variabilidade genética entre os genótipos. Produtividade de grãos, produtividade de vagens e peso de sementes por plantas são altamente correlacionados. O número de sementes por vagem tem correlação negativa com peso de vagem, peso de grãos e peso de sementes por planta. Os genótipos Feltrin e UENF 14-30-3 foram indicadas para obtenção de ganhos para as variáveis produtividade de grãos e produtividade de vagem.

ABSTRACT: The green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a nutrient-rich vegetable much appreciated; although, little studied, in Brazil. The aim of the current study was to investigate the nature of traits of interest, as well as to select plants for the green bean breeding program based on genotype vs. trait biplot analysis. The experiment followed a randomized block design, with 4 repetitions and 17 genotypes. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis and biplot charts were performed to analyze the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight, as well as grain and pod yields. The analysis of variance showed genetic variability between genotypes. Grain yield, pod yield and seed weight per plant were highly correlated. The number of seeds per pod was negatively correlated with pod weight, grain weight and with seed weight per plant. Lines Feltrin and UENF 14-30-3 were indicated to increase gains in variables such as grain yield and pod yield.

Abstract In support of breeding of papaya (Carica papaya), the disease incidence and severity of powdery mildew (Ovulariopsis caricicola) were evaluated in papaya genotypes. Two experiments in complete randomized blocks were carried out, one in the field and the other in a greenhouse. In field experiments, the lowest mean disease incidence was observed on the genotypes ‘Costa Rica’ and ‘Baixinho Super’, and the lowest mean disease severity on ‘Caliman M5’, ‘GTF’, ‘SH 11-08’, and ‘JS 11’. In the greenhouse experiment, the genotypes ‘Caliman M5’, ‘Golden’, ‘Kapoho Solo’, ‘Waimanalo’, ‘Mamão Bené’, ‘SH 12-07’, ‘JS 12’, and ‘GTF’ had the lowest mean incidence in at least one evaluation. On the other hand, for severity, the genotypes ‘Diva’, ‘Sunrise Solo 72/12’, ‘Kapoho Solo PA’, ‘Waimanalo’, ‘Maradol’, ‘Maradol GL’, ‘SH 15-04’, ‘FMV, ‘JS 12-4’, ‘SH 12-07’ and ‘Sekati FLM’ had the lowest means. These results indicate these genotypes for a possible use in breeding for reduction of powdery mildew intensity.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a formação de grupos heteróticos na cultura da goiabeira com base em descritores quantitativos e utilizando uma técnica de bioinformática conhecida como redes neurais artificiais (RNA). Para tanto, foram avaliados oito descritores quantitativos. Foi encontrada ampla variabilidade genética para os oito caracteres quantitativos, em 138 genótipos de goiabeira. A técnica de redes neurais artificiais determinou que o número ideal de grupos foi três. A consistência do agrupamento foi determinada via Análise Discriminante linear, obtendo-se assim percentagem de classificação dos grupos, com valor de 86%. Foi concluído que a metodologia de redes neurais artificiais é eficiente para detectar a divergência genética e na formação de grupos heteróticos.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed at evaluating the heterotic group formation in guava based on quantitative descriptors and using artificial neural network (ANN). For such, we evaluated eight quantitative descriptors. Large genetic variability was found for the eight quantitative traits in the 138 genotypes of guava. The artificial neural network technique determined that the optimal number of groups was three. The grouping consistency was determined by linear discriminant analysis, which obtained classification percentage of the groups, with a value of 86 %. It was concluded that the artificial neural network method is effective to detect genetic divergence and heterotic group formation.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a utilização do índice de seleção de cultivares (GARCIA, 1998) na indicação de genótipos superiores de feijão-vagem para a região Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em comparação a outros índices não paramétricos comumente utilizados no melhoramento vegetal. Os índices de ELSTON (1963), MULAMBA & MOCK (1978), SCHWARZBACH (1972) e GARCIA (1998) foram empregados na avaliação de 14 linhagens (F9 e F10) de feijão-vagem de hábito de crescimento indeterminado. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos municípios de Bom Jesus do Itabapoana (2010 e 2011) e Cambuci (2011). O delineamento empregado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As características produtividade de vagens (PRODV), produtividade de grãos (PRODG), número médio de vagens por planta (NMVP), peso médio de vagem (PMV) e número médio de sementes por vagem (NMSV) foram avaliadas. O índice de GARCIA (1998) demonstrou ser mais eficiente que os demais índices, uma vez que apresentou maior correlação com a PRODV e selecionou as linhagens mais produtivas. Os genótipos recomendados foram: UENF 7-5-1 e UENF 7-6-1, seguidos pelos genótipos UENF 7-10-1, UENF 7-12-1 e UENF 7-20-1.

The objective of this research was to analyze the use of cultivar index selection (GARCIA, 1998) in the indication of superior genotypes of common bean for the northwest region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in comparison to the other nonparametric indices used in plant breeding. The indexes of ELSTON (1963), MULAMBA & MOCK (1978), SCHWARZBACH (1972) and GARCIA (1998) were employed in the evaluation of 14 strains (F9 e F10) of common bean of indeterminate growth habit. The experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Bom Jesus do Itabapoana (2010 and 2011) and Cambuci (2011). The design employed was of randomized blocks with four repetitions. The traits pod yield (PRODV), grain yield (PRODG), average number of pods per plant (NMVP), average weight of pod (PMV) and average number of seeds per pod (NMSV) were assessed. The index of GARCIA (1998) proved to be more efficient than the other indexes, since it showed more correlation with PRODV and selected more productive strains. The recommended genotypes were: UENF 7-5-1 and UENF 7-6-1, followed by the genotypes UENF 7-10-1, UENF 7-12-1 and UENF 7-20-1.

Com o objetivo de estimar os coeficientes de trilha entre os caracteres morfológicos e componentes da produção sobre as produtividades de vagens e de grãos, trinta genótipos de feijão-de-vagem (27 linhagens e três testemunhas comerciais) foram avaliados em Bom Jesus de Itabapoana-RJ. Os experimentos foram implantados em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, no período de maio a junho, nos anos de 2009 e de 2010. Oito caracteres foram avaliados e o caráter com maior efeito direto sobre a produtividade de vagens foi o número de vagens por planta (NVP), associado à alta correlação genotípica. Existe alto índice de associação genotípica entre as produtividades de vagens e de grãos, bem como efeito direto de alta magnitude e de sinal positivo entre elas, indicando que ao se fazer seleção para o aumento do rendimento de vagens, consequentemente, aumenta-se a produtividade de grãos.

Aiming to estimate the path coefficients among morphological traits and effects of production components on the yield of grains and pods, thirty snap bean genotypes (27 lines and three commercial controls) were evaluated in Bom Jesus of Itabapoana-RJ. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications, from May to June, in 2009 and 2010. Eight traits were evaluated and the number of pods per plant, associated with high genetic correlation, is the character with the most significant direct effect on productivity. There is a high rate of genotypic association between the yields of pods and grains, as well as direct effects of high magnitude and positive signal between them, indicating that the selection for increased pod yield allows increased grain yield.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da variação de altura e diâmetro de colo de mudas clonais do híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla sobre o crescimento após o plantio nos sítios de Aracruz-ES, Mucuri-BA, Montanha-ES e Carlos Chagas-MG. As classes selecionadas foram: mudas altas e grossas (AG), mudas altas com diâmetro médio (AM), mudas médias com diâmetro grosso (MG), mudas médias com diâmetro médio (MM), mudas pequenas com diâmetro médio (PM) e mudas pequenas com diâmetro fino (PF). Os valores dessas classes foram: altura: A (31-40 cm), M (21-30 cm) e P (10-20 cm); diâmetro: G (3,1-4,0 mm), M (2,1-3,0 mm) e F (1,5-2,0 mm). As mudas, 90 dias após o transplantio nos tubetes e consideradas rustificadas, foram plantadas e as avaliações de altura (H) e diâmetro (D), feitas no 1°, 2°, 3°, 6° e 12° meses. A massa de matéria seca de folhas, lenho, casca, galhos e raízes finas, médias e grossas foram avaliadas no sexto mês. Mudas com maiores dimensões de altura e diâmetro apresentaram maior crescimento inicial, mas as diferenças tenderam a diminuir ao longo do tempo. O sítio de Carlos Chagas teve as piores condições para o crescimento das plantas.

This work aimed to evaluate the height and root collar diameter effects of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla cuttings on the growth after planting in the Aracruz-ES, Mucuri-BA, Montanha-ES and Carlos Chagas-MG sites. The selected classes were: high cuttings with thick root collar diameter (AG), high cuttings with averaged size diameter (AM), average height with thick diameter ( MG), average height and average diameter (MM) , low cutting with average size diameter (PM) and low cutting with fine diameter roots (PF). The values of the classes were: height- A (31-40 cm), M (21-30 cm) and P (10-20 cm); root collar diameter- G (3.1-4.0 cm), M (2.1-3.0 mm) and F (1.5-2.0 mm). The cuttings, 90 days after transplanting to tubes, were taken as hardened and outplanted. The evaluations were in height (A), diameters (D) were measured at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 12th months. Leaf dry mass, wood, bark, branches and fine, average size and thick roots were evaluated at the 6th month. Higher and thicker cutting presented higher initial growth, although the differences showed decreasing values over time. Carlos Chagas showed the worst growth conditions.