Abstract The use of wood is often indicated as a decarbonization strategy for the construction sector. However, the CO 2 footprint of native wood, that is, the emissions during wood harvesting, transportation, and processing, depends on the type of forest management practiced. This study quantifies the CO 2 footprint of native rough sawn lumber from forests with three types of harvesting: sustainable management, conventional management, and conventional selective extraction (deforestation). CO 2 emissions were analyzed from harvesting to the end of wood processing based on data from the literature and the Construction Environmental Performance Information System. The CO 2 footprint of rough sawn lumber varies between 25 and 19,860 kCO 2 /m 3 , with the lowest values for wood from sustainable management and the highest for conventional selective extraction. In addition, managed wood stores temporarily in its cell structure ~353kgC/m 3 . Native wood from sustainable harvesting can contribute to decarbonizing buildings, whereas wood from conventional harvesting and deforestation are relevant sources of CO 2 emissions, considering the wood life cycle.

Resmo O uso da madeira é frequentemente apontado como uma estratégia de descarbonização para a construção. Entretanto, a pegada de CO2 da madeira nativa, ou seja, que são as emissões decorrentes da sua exploração florestal, transporte e beneficiamento, depende do tipo de manejo florestal. Este estudo quantifica a pegada de CO2 da madeira nativa serrada bruta, proveniente de três tipos de exploração florestal: manejo sustentável, manejo convencional e extração seletiva convencional (desmatamento). Analisaram-se as emissões de CO2 da exploração florestal até o término do beneficiamento da madeira, com dados da literatura e do Sistema de Informação do Desempenho Ambiental da Construção. A pegada de CO2 da madeira serrada bruta varia entre 25 e 19.860 kgCO2/m3, com os menores valores para a madeira de manejo sustentável e os maiores para a madeira de extração seletiva convencional. Além disso, a madeira manejada estoca temporariamente, em sua estrutura celular, ~353 kgC/m3. Madeiras nativas de manejo florestal sustentável podem contribuir com a descarbonização dos edifícios, enquanto as madeiras de manejo convencional e, sobretudo, de desmatamentosão fontes expressivas de CO2 dentro do seu ciclo de vida.

Abstract Self-healing consists of closing cracks and recovering the watertight properties of cement-based materials and can occur by hydration of the materials of the mixture (autogenous) or by materials added to the mixture for this purpose (autonomous). This study consists of the use of stimulated self-healing as a way of mitigating sulfate attack (sodium and magnesium), with the evaluation of the influence of crystalline admixture in this process. For that, cycles of sulfate attack and self-healing (by wetting and drying cycles in water) were performed, aiming to evaluate the behavior of mortars with three types of cement: Portland, supersulfated, and alkali-activated. The results showed that self-healing was not sufficient to close cracks due to sulfate attack. This behavior was associated with the hypothesis that the high calcium content of the crystalline admixture reacted with the sulfates and formed expansive products, increasing the attack rate.

Resumo A autocicatrização consiste no fechamento de fissuras e recuperação da estanqueidade dos materiais à base de cimento e pode ocorrer por hidratação dos materiais da mistura (autógena) ou por materiais adicionados à mistura para esse fim (autônoma). Este estudo consiste na utilização de autocicatrização autógena estimulada como forma de atenuar o ataque por sulfatos (sódio e magnésio), com a avaliação da influência de adição cristalizante neste processo. Para isso, foram realizados ciclos de ataque sulfatado e autocicatrização (ciclos de molhagem e secagem), com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de argamassas com três tipos de cimento: Portland, supersulfatado e álcali ativado. Os resultados mostraram que a autocicatrização não foi suficiente para fechar trincas devido ao ataque por sulfatos. Esse comportamento foi associado à hipótese de que o alto teor de cálcio da adição cristalizante reagiu com os sulfatos e formou produtos expansivos, aumentando a taxa de ataque.

Resumen La comunidad científica internacional no tiene dudas hoy en asumir que las inscripciones son un medio de comunicación con intención de notoriedad, universalidad - dentro del grupo social que les da origen- y mayor o menor grado de perdurabilidad. De ahí que haya sido el mecanismo utilizado, entre otros, por artistas y escultores para acompañar a sus programas iconográficos con la intención de completarlos y ofrecer mayor profundidad comunicativa que la que se puede lograr únicamente con la imagen. Este es sin duda el objetivo perseguido por el artista (o los artistas) que realizaron los retablos de la Duda y la Pasión para la capilla funeraria de los Caparroso de la Catedral de Pamplona. Este mecanismo - texto+imagen -, no representa novedad alguna pero sí lo es la utilización de distintos tipos gráficos dentro de un mismo conjunto epigráfico. Este fenómeno es propio y casi exclusivo de la epigrafía de transición entre el ocaso medieval y los albores de la modernidad. Es por ello que nuestro estudio se centra en el análisis paleográfico de estos retablos tratando de arrojar luz sobre algunas incógnitas que aún permanecen sin resolver.

Abstract The international scientific community has no doubts today in assuming that the inscriptions are a means of communication with the intention of notoriety, universality -within the social group that gives rise to them- and a greater or lesser degree of durability. Hence, it has been the mechanism used, among others, by artists and sculptors to accompany their iconographic programs with the intention of completing them and offering greater communicative depth than that which can be achieved solely with images. This is undoubtedly the objective pursued by the artist (or artists) who created the altarpieces of Doubt and Passion for the Caparroso funeral chapel in Pamplona Cathedral. This mechanism - text+image -, does not represent any novelty, but the use of different graphic types within the same epigraphic group does. This phenomenon is characteristic of and almost exclusive to the epigraphy of the transition between the medieval decline and the dawn of modernity. That is why our study focuses on the paleographic analysis of these altarpieces trying to shed light on some unknowns that still remain unresolved.

Resumo Considerando apenas o caso medieval inglês, parece razoável admitir que alguns tipos ou formas, literários ou não, de escrita de viagens terão existido antes de textos canónicos como The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, o anónimo The Land of Cockaygne ou The Canterbury Tales, de Geoffrey Chaucer (Século XIV). Com efeito, os dois curtos relatos que irei apresentar foram adicionados à (e incluídos na) tradução para inglês antigo da Historiarum (ou Historiae) adversum Paganos Libro Septem, de Paulo Orósio, encomendada por (e efectuada para) Alfredo, o Grande, Rei de Wessex (871-899).

Abstract Considering just the English medieval case, it seems reasonable to assume that some sorts or forms of travel writing, literary or otherwise, must have existed before such canonical texts as The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, the anonymous The Land of Cockaygne or Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales (14th century). Indeed, the two short accounts I will present were added to, and included in, the Old English translation of Paulus Orosius’s Historiarum (or Historiae) adversum Paganos Libro Septem (5th century), ordered by, and made for, Alfred the Great, King of Wessex (871-899)

RESUMO Introdução Os profissionais de saúde estão expostos a um elevado número de fatores de risco psicossociais. Estes têm consequências a nível individual e organizacional. A psicologia da saúde ocupacional aplica princípios da psicologia na proteção e promoção da saúde e bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Neste âmbito, pode atuar a nível da organização, com intervenções que melhorem o ambiente de trabalho, e a nível individual, dotando os indivíduos de recursos para lidar com diferentes tipos de ambientes. Foi neste contexto que um serviço de saúde ocupacional de um centro hospitalar de Lisboa decidiu integrar na sua equipa um psicólogo. Objetivo Descrever uma amostra de profissionais de saúde referenciados à consulta de psicologia, com vista a gerar hipóteses quanto a características que possam constituir fatores de risco para carecer desse apoio. Metodologia Trata-se de um estudo descritivo em que a amostra corresponde ao grupo de trabalhadores referenciado à consulta de psicologia ao longo de sete meses. Foram avaliados os sintomas humor deprimido, pensamentos de morte, ansiedade e alterações do sono. Todos os dados provêm dos registos clínicos do psicólogo e do médico do trabalho, obtidos através de entrevista clínica, tendo sido previamente anonimizados. Resultados Foram acompanhados em consulta de psicologia 47 trabalhadores, correspondendo a 1% da população do centro hospitalar. O grupo profissional mais prevalente na amostra foram os assistentes operacionais. A maioria dos trabalhadores referia já ter um diagnóstico prévio de psicopatologia e 55% mantinham-se medicados. Apenas 15% dos trabalhadores identificavam o trabalho como fator determinante na sintomatologia. Discussão Verificou-se uma maior proporção do sexo feminino, em relação com a população global do centro hospitalar, um achado que poderá relacionar-se com um maior risco inerente às expectativas impostas pela sociedade relativamente ao papel da mulher como cuidadora e o acúmulo de funções na esfera social/familiar. Está ausente da amostra o grupo profissional “médicos”, hipoteticamente por uma menor afluência destes às consultas de medicina do trabalho ou eventual proteção conferida a níveis educacionais mais altos. Conclusões Ao contrário da evidência existente, nesta amostra de profissionais de saúde de um centro hospitalar de lisboa, o trabalho não foi o fator preponderante para o aparecimento de efeitos adversos na saúde e a determinar o seguimento em consulta de psicologia. No futuro, deve ser testada de forma mais robusta a relação entre género, nível educacional e grupo profissional e aumento do risco de psicopatologia.

ABSTRACT Introduction Healthcare workers are exposed to many psychosocial risk factors. These have consequences at an individual and organizational level. Occupational health psychology applies the principles of psychology to the protection and promotion of workers' health and well-being. Here, it can act at the organizational level, with interventions that improve the working environment, and at the individual level, providing individuals with resources to deal with different types of settings. It was in this context that the occupational health service of a Lisbon hospital center decided to incorporate a psychologist into its team. Objective To describe a sample of health professionals referred for a psychology consultation, looking to generate hypotheses about characteristics that may constitute risk factors for needing this support. Methodology This is a descriptive study in which the sample corresponds to the group of workers that was referred to psychology, over seven months. The following symptoms were assessed: depressed mood, thoughts of death, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. All the data came from the clinical records of the psychologist and the occupational medicine physician, obtained through a clinical interview, and were previously anonymized. Results A total of 47 workers were followed in psychology appointments, corresponding to 1% of the hospital's population. The most prevalent professional group in the sample was operational assistants. Most of the workers reported having a previous diagnosis of psychopathology and 55% were still medicated. Only 15% of the workers identified work as a determining factor in their symptoms. Discussion There was a higher proportion of women compared to the overall population of the hospital, a finding that could be related to a greater risk inherent in the expectations imposed by society regarding the role of women as caregivers and the accumulation of functions in the social/family sphere. The "doctors" professional group is absent from the sample, hypothetically due to their lower attendance at occupational medicine consultations or the possible protection afforded to higher levels of education. Conclusions Contrary to the existing evidence, in this sample of health professionals from a hospital center in Lisbon, work was not the preponderant factor for the appearance of adverse health effects and determining follow-up in psychology consultations. In the future, the relationship between gender, educational level and professional group and increased risk of psychopathology should be tested more robustly.

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo es la verificación de la existencia y el análisis del prejuicio en la campaña del periódico A Gazeta de São Paulo contra el movimiento modernista entre 1921 y 1922. Los textos fueron encontrados gracias a una investigación con palabras clave en la Hemeroteca Digital de la Biblioteca Nacional de Brasil. Peyorativamente, se determinó que A Gazeta produjo distintos tipos de textos periodísticos y divulgó contenido capacitista, homofóbico, misógino y racista. Además, los términos musicales se relacionaron despectivamente con la cultura negra, indígena y popular. Durante la campaña, varios artistas fueron mencionados, incluyendo el modernista Mário de Andrade, quien fue ampliamente criticado y perjuriado. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que el autor de este informe realizó análisis de textos con prejuicio explícito y registró consideraciones sobre el carácter y algunos efectos del prejuicio. El análisis de la 'reacción antifuturista' revela la temprana recepción de Andrade y del movimiento modernista, el uso del prejuicio en el debate artístico y la construcción social del prejuicio.

Resumo O objetivo do presente artigo é a verificação da existência e a análise do preconceito na campanha do jornal A Gazeta de São Paulo contra o movimento modernista entre 1921 e 1922. Os textos foram encontrados por meio de pesquisa com palavras-chave na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil. A Gazeta produziu distintos tipos de textos jornalísticos e veiculou capacitismo, homofobia, misoginia e racismo. O jornal empregou pejorativamente termos musicais vinculados à cultura negra, indígena e popular. Durante a campanha vários artistas foram mencionados, mas entre os autores que os jornalistas criticaram e injuriaram destaca-se o modernista Mário de Andrade. O autor deste informe fez análise de textos com preconceito explícito e registrou considerações sobre o caráter e alguns efeitos do preconceito. A análise da 'reação antifuturista' revela a incipiente recepção de Andrade e do movimento modernista, o uso do preconceito no debate artístico, e a construção social do preconceito.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to verify the existence and analyze the prejudiced content of the newspaper A Gazeta de São Paulo's campaign against the modernist movement between 1921 and 1922. The texts were found by searching with keywords in the Digital Newspaper Library of the National Library of Brazil. It was determined that A Gazeta produced different types of journalistic texts that conveyed ableism, homophobia, misogyny, and racism. In addition, musical terms were derogatorily linked to black, indigenous, and popular culture. During the campaign, several artists were mentioned, including modernist Mário de Andrade, who was criticized and reviled. Therefore, it was established that the author analyzed texts with explicit prejudice and recorded considerations about the character and effects of prejudice. The analysis of the 'anti-futurist reaction' reveals the incipient reception of Andrade and the modernist movement, the use of prejudice in the artistic debate, and the social construction of prejudice.

Abstract: The results of a proposal for a high-efficiency photovoltaic system with multipurpose applications implemented along a road are presented. This system is designed to address issues related to lighting, telecommunications, and electric vehicle charging. The need for an isolated system arises from sudden power outages in the country that affect road safety and reliability, as well as the lack of phone signal in some areas. In the field of lighting, an analysis is conducted using DiaLux software to ensure compliance with appropriate lighting standards for different types of roads. Furthermore, the multipurpose system includes electric vehicle charging, which is becoming increasingly relevant due to the shift towards more eco-friendly vehicles. Providing electric vehicle charging along roads resolves the issue of limited electric vehicle range and promotes their reliable use. The evaluation of the energy resource using the Glover and McCulloch method is essential for designing an efficient system capable of meeting various user needs. Additionally, reducing carbon dioxide emissions is a significant consideration, as electric vehicles can significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel vehicles. Abstract highefficiency high efficiency presented telecommunications reliability areas Furthermore ecofriendly eco friendly use needs Additionally consideration

Resumen: Se presentan los resultados de una propuesta de un sistema fotovoltaico de alta eficiencia con aplicaciones multipropósito, implementado a lo largo de una carretera. Este sistema está diseñado para abordar cuestiones relacionadas con la iluminación, las telecomunicaciones y la carga de vehículos eléctricos. La necesidad de un sistema aislado surge de los apagones repentinos en el país que afectan la seguridad vial, el excesivo uso de vehículos de combustibles fósiles que emiten gases que contaminan el planeta, así como la falta de señal telefónica en algunas zonas. En el ámbito de la iluminación, se realiza un análisis utilizando el software DiaLux para garantizar el cumplimiento de los estándares adecuados de iluminación para diferentes tipos de carreteras. Además, el sistema multipropósito incluye la carga de vehículos eléctricos livianos de uso particular, que se está volviendo cada vez más relevante debido al cambio hacia vehículos más ecológicos. La provisión de carga de vehículos eléctricos a lo largo de las carreteras resuelve el problema de la autonomía limitada de los vehículos eléctricos y promueve su uso confiable. La evaluación del recurso energético mediante el método Glover y McCulloch es fundamental para diseñar un sistema eficiente capaz de satisfacer diversas necesidades del usuario. Además, la reducción de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono es un aspecto importante, ya que los vehículos eléctricos pueden contribuir significativamente a la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en comparación con los vehículos de combustibles fósiles Resumen carretera vial planeta zonas Además particular ecológicos confiable usuario importante

Abstract This review article presents the theoretical basis of contributions, lines of research and approaches that exist from the Ibero-American point of view, with the aim of showing quantitatively the main Ibero-American exponents on Media and Information Literacy [MIL], the results are the product of a search in the WoS, in the category Arts & Humanities Citation Index [AHCI], using Media Literacy and Media and Information Literacy filters; the results are stored in a database that is debugged and then analyzed in the VOSviewer bibliometric software; the types of analysis are co-authored, with the Association Strengh and Ling/Long Modularity methods; the information is presented in tables and bibliometric networks; visualizing the level of association and density given by author and country. The results show Spain with the largest number of researchers with publications in high-impact journals, showing different approaches to MIL and its impact on contemporary society from the educational, political, economic and technological fields; its contribution combines criteria on the need to implement teaching-learning processes supported in ICT to innovate the educational field since digital media do not cause changes by themselves is necessary government collaboration in Latin America; the Ibero-American referents of the MIL are Ignacio Aguaded, Luis Miguel Romero Rodríguez, Rosa García Ruiz, Amor Pérez Rodríguez.

Resumen Este artículo de revisión muestra el fundamento teórico de aportes, líneas de investigación y enfoques que existen desde el punto de vista Iberoamericano, con el objetivo de mostrar cuantitativamente los principales exponentes iberoamericanos sobre Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional [AMI], los resultados son producto de una búsqueda en la WoS, en la categoría Arts & Humanities Citation Index [AHCI], con el uso de filtros Media Literacy y Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional, los resultados se almacenan en una base de datos que se depura y luego se analiza en el software bibliométrico VOSviewer. Los tipos de análisis son coautoría, con los métodos Association Strengh y Ling/Long Modularity, la información se presenta en tablas y redes bibliométricas; y se visualiza el nivel de asociación y densidad que existe por autor y país. Los resultados muestran a España con el mayor número de investigadores con publicaciones en revistas de alto impacto con diferentes enfoques sobre la AMI y la incidencia en la sociedad contemporánea desde el ámbito educativo, político, económico y tecnológico; su contribución aúna criterios sobre la necesidad de implementar procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje con soporte en TIC para innovar el ámbito educativo, ya que los medios digitales no suscitan cambios por sí mismos, es necesaria la colaboración gubernamental en América Latina; los referentes iberoamericanos de la AMI son Ignacio Aguaded, Luis Miguel Romero Rodríguez, Rosa García Ruiz, Amor Pérez Rodríguez.

Abstract The accentuated population aging is a contemporary phenomenon with a particular incidence in Western and European countries. It is estimated that by 2050 the population aged over 65 will double and that with this increase will come important social, relational, and personal challenges for the elderly. Research in health care and safety for the elderly has grown significantly in recent decades, including studies in violence against the elderly, however violence due to negligence has been undervalued. Despite being one of the types of violence that most impacts the elderly, it is also one of the most difficult to detect and study. The purpose of the present study was to develop a narrative review of the literature that addressed violence due to negligence in the elderly and the risk factors associated with it. The search for studies was carried out in the EBSCO Host, PubMed, Scopus and Scielo databases, including 29 final articles. There were five major risk factors for violence due to negligence: Sociodemographic characteristics, degree of dependence, low social support, low sense of community and social stereotypes/ageism. Specific phenomena were also identified that can increase vulnerability to violence by neglect, such as retirement or significant physical and cognitive losses. The urgency of studies that assess the risk of violence due to negligence in the elderly and particularly in non-institutionalized elderly people is highlighted.

Resumo O acentuado envelhecimento populacional é um fenómeno contemporâneo com incidência particular nos países ocidentais e europeus. Estima-se que até 2050 a população com idade acima de 65 anos duplique e que com esse aumento advenham importantes desafios sociais, relacionais e pessoais para os idosos. A investigação na área dos cuidados de saúde e da segurança dos idosos tem crescido significativamente nas últimas décadas, incluindo os estudos na área da violência contra os idosos, contudo a violência por negligência tem sido subvalorizada. Apesar de ser dos tipos de violência que mais impacta os idosos, é também dos mais difíceis de detetar e estudar. O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver uma revisão narrativa da literatura que abordou a violência por negligência nos idosos e os fatores de risco que se associam à mesma. A pesquisa dos estudos foi efetuada nas bases de dados EBSCO Host, PubMed, Scopus e Scielo, incluindo-se 29 artigos finais. Verificaram-se cinco grandes fatores de risco para a violência por negligência: As caraterísticas sociodemográficas, o grau de dependência, o baixo suporte social, o baixo sentido de comunidade e os estereótipos sociais. Identificaram-se também fenómenos específicos que podem aumentar a vulnerabilidade para a violência por negligência, como a entrada para a reforma ou perdas física e cognitivas significativas. Destaca-se a urgência de estudos que avaliem o risco de violência por negligência nos idosos e particularmente em idosos não institucionalizados.

Resumen En fechas recientes, el Secretario General de Naciones Unidas, António Guterres, presentaba una nota técnica sobre ciencias del comportamiento (United Nations, 2021) y su aplicación por parte de distintas organizaciones de Naciones Unidas, para lograr cubrir los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenibles 2030. Asimismo, otras organizaciones de ámbito supranacional están también creando o bien unidades propias de «análisis y diseño del comportamiento» o bien liderando iniciativas específicas. Hasta la fecha, no se ha analizado la estructura de este tipo de unidades. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es conocer, a través de un estudio observacional de sus sitios web, tanto la estructura de las unidades de análisis de determinantes del comportamiento de organizaciones supranacionales como su composición, así como los principales tipos de proyectos que llevan a cabo y las implicaciones y oportunidades que representan para los profesionales de la psicología.

Summary Recently, the United Nations Secretary-General, António Guterres, presented a technical note on behavioral science (United Nations, 2021) and its application by different UN organizations, in order to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Other supranational organizations are also setting up their own «behavioral analysis and design units» or leading specific initiatives. So far, the structure of such behavioral analysis units has not been examined. The aim of our work is to find out, through an observational study of their websites, both the structure of the behavior analysis and design units of supranational organizations and their composition, as well as the main types of projects they carry out and the opportunities and implications created for psychology professionals.

Resumen El uso clínico del mindfulness adaptado a la psicosis ha sido rechazado por algunos profesionales de la Salud Mental debido a prejuicios y falta de información. Sin embargo, la evidencia actual ha demostrado que las Intervenciones Basadas en Mindfulness (MBI) son seguras y tienen numerosos beneficios en los trastornos del espectro psicótico. Las MBI son adaptables a diferentes contextos y situaciones clínicas, incluido el deterioro cognitivo, y aunque no constituye su objetivo principal, pueden facilitar la reducción de la sintomatología negativa en la psicosis. Las MBI permiten a las personas con psicosis enfrentar las experiencias alucinatorias desde una perspectiva diferente, fomentando la flexibilidad, la regulación emocional y la aceptación. Es importante adaptar las intervenciones a las características de la psicosis, así como distinguir entre los diferentes tipos de prácticas, para aplicarlas de manera diferencial según la sintomatología específica y las características de la persona.

Abstract The clinical use of psychosis-adapted mindfulness has been rejected by some mental health professionals due to biases and lack of information. However, current evidence has demonstrated the safety and numerous benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in psychotic spectrum disorders. MBIs are adaptable to diverse clinical contexts and situations, including cognitive impairment, and although it is not their primary objective, they can facilitate the reduction of negative symptomatology in psychosis. MBIs enable individuals with psychosis to approach hallucinatory experiences from an alternative perspective, fostering flexibility, emotional regulation, and acceptance. It is crucial to tailor interventions to the characteristics of the psychosis, as well as to differentiate between the different types of practices, in order to apply them differentially depending on the specific symptoms and characteristics of the individual.

Resumen La orientación vocacional y profesional de los estudiantes de educación superior es esencial para garantizar el éxito en el aprendizaje y la práctica profesional. El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar las carreras autodeclaradas y los resultados del test de orientación vocacional y profesional según los tipos de orientación vocacional. Utilizando investigación descriptiva, documental y de campo con un enfoque mixto, exploramos el test de orientación vocacional de 3.692 estudiantes de 13 colegios públicos de la ciudad de Ibarra en Ecuador. La prueba consistió en 98 ítems dicotómicos que identificaron intereses y aptitudes vocacionales mediante un cuestionario computarizado en Kobotoolbox. La validez del instrumento se evaluó mediante el Alfa de Cronbach y la fiabilidad se estimó mediante los coeficientes Omega de McDonald. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para comparar las carreras autoinformadas y los resultados de la prueba CHASIDE por orientación vocacional y profesional de los estudiantes mediante el software R-studio. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre las carreras autoinformadas por los estudiantes y el CHASIDE. De hecho, la correspondencia entre ambas mostró valores inferiores al 50% ya que un miembro de la familia realizaba principalmente procesos de orientación vocacional, y la orientación profesional debía estar más presente. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de la orientación vocacional realizada por un profesional antes de ingresar a las instituciones de educación superior para minimizar el riesgo de deserción entre los estudiantes después de elegir erróneamente una carrera.

Abstract Vocational and professional guidance for higher education students is essential to ensure success in learning and professional practice. This research aims to compare self-reported careers and vocational and professional orientation test results by types of vocational guidance. Using descriptive, documentary, and field research with a mixed approach, we explore the vocational orientation test of 3,692 students in 13 public schools in the city of Ibarra in Ecuador. The test consisted of 98 dichotomous items identifying vocational interests and aptitudes using a computer-based questionnaire in Kobotoolbox. The instrument's validity was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha, and reliability was estimated using McDonald's Omega coefficients. The Chi-square test was used to compare self-reported careers and the CHASIDE test results by vocational and professional guidance of the students using the R-studio software. Results showed significant differences between students' self-reported careers and the CHASIDE. Indeed, the correspondence between the two showed values lower than 50% since a family member mainly did vocational guidance processes, and professional guidance needed to be more present. Results suggest the importance of vocational guidance done by a professional before entering higher education institutions to minimize the risk of dropouts among students after mistakenly choosing a career.

Resumen La investigación se origina en carencias de los estudiantes sobre escritura científica, tipos de textos científicos y la relación lectura-escritura en la comunicación científica. El objetivo es exponer una propuesta de actualización del curso optativo de escritura científica en el segundo año de la carrera de medicina. Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa (modalidad investigación-acción) mediante las siguientes fases: determinación del problema de investigación, formulación de un plan o programa para resolver la problemática, reflexión crítica sobre el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, rediseño del plan del proceso docente y ajuste de la estrategia didáctica, estructuración de la propuesta didáctica, implementación y reflexión crítica sobre los resultados. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos (analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo) así como la observación participante, el análisis de contenido y el grupo de discusión. Se presenta la estructuración y descripción de la propuesta didáctica. La investigación contribuyó al ajuste del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje a las necesidades los estudiantes, propició la manifestación de indicios de motivación e interés por la relación lectura-escritura e incipientes actitudes metacognitivas en torno a los contenidos del curso. Se confirma que el modo en que el estudiante comunica sus conocimientos requiere atención didáctica en las diferentes asignaturas.

Abstract The research originates in students' deficiencies in scientific writing, types of scientific texts and the reading-writing relationship in scientific communication. The objective is to present a proposal for updating the elective course on scientific writing in the second year of the Medical School. A qualitative research (action-research modality) was developed through the following phases: determination of the research problem, formulation of a plan or program to solve the problem, critical reflection on students' learning, redesign of the teaching process plan and adjustment of the didactic strategy, structuring of the didactic proposal, implementation and critical reflection on the results. Theoretical methods (analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive) were used, as well as participant observation, content analysis and group discussion. The structuring and description of the didactic proposal is presented. The research contributed to the adjustment of the teaching-learning process to the needs of the students, it favored the manifestation of signs of motivation and interest in the reading-writing relationship and incipient metacognitive attitudes towards the contents of the course. It is confirmed that the way in which students communicate their knowledge requires didactic attention in the different subjects.

RESUMEN Introducción: el acceso a los servicios de salud en Paraguay, está determinado por varios tipos de barreras. Por ello, es preciso describir el impacto que tienen las políticas públicas y sus implicancias en la mitigación de las mismas. Objetivo: describir el acompañamiento diferenciado y su contribución al apoyo socio emocional, adhesión al tratamiento y acceso a servicios de salud en el área de atención a personas varones que viven con el VIH. Metodología: estudio de carácter cualitativo, descriptivo, con entrevistas semi estructuradas y muestra no probabilística, dirigida e intencional; Resultados: este estudio cualitativo exploró las experiencias de personas viviendo con VIH que recibieron acompañamiento psicosocial diferenciado en un servicio de atención integral. Los participantes destacaron la importancia del acompañamiento para afrontar la crisis posterior al diagnóstico. La orientación presencial, escucha empática y seguimiento facilitaron la vinculación y adherencia al servicio de salud y al tratamiento antirretroviral. El apoyo psicosocial fue clave para desmitificar ideas erróneas sobre el VIH/SIDA, empoderarse sobre su estado serológico y mejorar la calidad de vida. Se enfatizó el rol de los grupos de pares para brindar contención. Algunos participantes reportaron experiencias previas de revelación no consentida y vulneración de confidencialidad. El acompañamiento psicosocial diferenciado resultó fundamental para facilitar la inserción y permanencia de las personas con VIH en los servicios de atención integral (adhesión al tratamiento). Conclusiones: el acompañamiento psicosocial diferenciado resultó clave para facilitar la vinculación y adherencia en personas con VIH. La atención integral requiere identificar situaciones particulares, establecer relaciones de confianza y comunicación efectiva. El apoyo inicial es fundamental brindando contención ante el impacto emocional del diagnóstico. El seguimiento continuo es esencial dada la doble discriminación. La confidencialidad y capacidad de generar vínculos empáticos son elementos centrales. Los factores mencionados favorecen la adhesión al tratamiento. Los resultados sugieren que estas prácticas psicosociales pueden optimizar modelos de atención integral a personas con VIH.

ABSTRACT Introduction: access to healthcare services in Paraguay is influenced by various barriers. Thus, it is essential to describe the impact of public policies and their implications in mitigating these barriers. Objective: to describe the differentiated support and its contribution to socio-emotional support, therapeutic adherence, and access to healthcare services in the area of care for males living with HIV. Methodology: a qualitative, descriptive study with semi-structured interviews and a non-probabilistic, directed, and intentional sample. Results: this qualitative study explored the experiences of individuals living with HIV who received differentiated psychosocial support in an integrated care service. Participants emphasized the importance of support in coping with the post-diagnosis crisis. In-person guidance, empathetic listening, and follow-up facilitated engagement and adherence to healthcare services and antiretroviral treatment. Psychosocial support played a critical role in debunking misconceptions about HIV/AIDS, empowering individuals regarding their serostatus, and improving their quality of life. The role of peer groups in providing emotional support was emphasized. Some participants reported previous experiences of non-consensual disclosure and confidentiality breaches. Differentiated psychosocial support was essential in promoting the integration and retention of people with HIV in integrated care services (therapeutic adherence). Conclusions: differentiated psychosocial support was crucial in facilitating the engagement and adherence of individuals with HIV. Comprehensive care necessitates identifying specific situations, establishing trust-based relationships, and effective communication. Initial support is vital for providing emotional support in the face of the diagnostic impact. Ongoing follow-up is essential due to the dual discrimination faced. Confidentiality and the ability to build empathetic relationships are central elements. The aforementioned factors favor adherence to treatment. The results suggest that these psychosocial practices can enhance models of comprehensive care for people with HIV.

ABSTRACT The growing development in the automation of technological processes requires process engineers to know basic aspects of automatic regulation systems. In Plan E of Chemical Engineering, the subject Instrumentation and Controls is taught so that the graduate can conceive a regulation and control scheme for a technological process. The objective of the work is: Design a support software for Topic 3 of the Instrumentation and Controls subject, for the tuning of controllers using different criteria and the analysis of continuous time automatic regulation systems of technological processes. The AnaReg_V1 software was designed, which in the main window presents the regulation system block diagram that serves as an interface for the exchange of information, allowing to obtain the parameters of the first-order approximate model, tuning of either controllers or regulators of different types via different adjustment criteria and graph the temporal behavior of the regulation system variables. It is presented how employing AnaReg_V1 is obtained the approximated model, the tuning of an integral proportional controller according to the Ziegler-Nichols criterion and the temporary behavior of the variables of the regulation system taking as a study case the heat exchanger temperature control.

RESUMEN El creciente desarrollo en la automatización de procesos tecnológicos impone que los ingenieros de procesos conozcan aspectos básicos de los sistemas de regulación automática. En el plan E de Ingeniería Química se imparte la asignatura Instrumentación y Controles para que el egresado conciba un esquema de regulación y control para un proceso tecnológico. El objetivo del trabajo es: Diseñar un software de apoyo al Tema 3 de la asignatura Instrumentación y Controles, para el ajuste de controladores bajo diferentes criterios y el análisis de los sistemas de regulación automática de tiempo continuo de procesos tecnológicos. Se diseñó el software AnaReg_V1, el cual en la ventana principal presenta el diagrama de bloques de un sistema de regulación que sirve de interfaz para el intercambio de información, permitiendo obtener los parámetros del modelo aproximado de primer orden, ajustar controladores o reguladores de diferentes tipos bajo diferentes criterios de ajuste y graficar el comportamiento temporal de las variables del sistema de regulación. Se presenta como con AnaReg_V1 se obtiene el modelo aproximado, el ajuste de un controlador proporcional integral según el criterio Ziegler-Nichols y el comportamiento temporal de las variables del sistema de regulación tomando como caso de estudio el control de la temperatura de un intercambiador de calor.