Resumen: El comercio electrónico del sector de la moda ha aumentado en los últimos años en Latinoamérica, especialmente a raíz de la pandemia, sin embargo, todavía existen problemas en la aceptación de este canal de compra. La presente investigación se centra en algunos factores que podrían influir en la intención de compra y tiene como objetivos comprobar cómo en ella influyen la confianza, los riesgos percibidos, los costos y la conveniencia. Para esto, se suministró un cuestionario a 223 estudiantes de cuatro universidades del Ecuador. Para el análisis de los datos obtenidos se desarrolló un modelo PLS-SEM, en el cual la confianza en el vendedor actúa como variable mediadora en la relación entre los otros tres factores y la intención de compra. Los resultados muestran que dicho modelo tiene un aceptable poder predictivo y explicativo. Asimismo, se comprueba que los riesgos, la conveniencia y la confianza afectan significativamente a la intención de compra, pero no los costos. Además, la confianza mediaría la relación entre las tres variables y la intención de compra en línea. Se concluye que el modelo propuesto puede servir de base para estudios similares y, a su vez, se considera que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados por las empresas en el sector de la moda que quieren vender a través de plataformas de e-Commerce para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing.

Abstract: E-commerce in the fashion sector has increased in recent years in Latin America, especially in the wake of the pandemic, however, there are still issues in the acceptance of this shopping channel. The present research focuses on some factors that could influence purchase intention and aims to test how it is influenced by trust, perceived risks, costs and convenience. For this purpose, a questionnaire was given to 223 students from four universities in Ecuador. A PLS-SEM model was developed for the analysis of the data, in which trust in the seller has a mediating role in the relationship between the other three factors and purchase intention. Results show that this model has acceptable predictive and explanatory power. Likewise, it validates that risks, convenience and trust significantly affect intention, but not costs. In addition, trust would mediate the relationship between the other variables and online shopping intention. It is concluded that the proposed model can serve as a basis for similar studies, and, at the same time, it is considered that the results obtained can be used by business in the fashion sector that pursue to sell through e-commerce platforms for marketing strategies development.

ABSTRACT Financing is relevant to deal with business crises, even more after the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, the objective of the study is to determine the influence of the characteristics of the companies and the managers of the organizations registered in the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Azogues on the decision of additional financing during the health crisis, for this a questionnaire was applied to 135 partners. Using Spearman's correlation and binary logistic regression, it is evident that the characteristics of the companies (economic sector, legal structure, experience, number of workers, paralysis of activities and capital structure) partially influence the decision of additional financing, given that only the capital structure has a positively significant relationship with the treatment variable, while the characteristics of the manager (age, sex, level of education and years of experience) have no influence.

RESUMEN El financiamiento es relevante para afrontar las crisis empresariales, más aún luego de la pandemia por la COVID-19, por tanto, el objetivo del estudio es determinar la influencia de las características de las empresas y de los directivos de las organizaciones registradas en la Cámara de Comercio e Industrias de Azogues en la decisión de financiamiento adicional durante la crisis sanitaria, para lo cual, se aplica un cuestionario a 135 socios. Mediante el uso de correlación de Spearman y regresión logística binaria, se evidencia que las características de las empresas (sector económico, estructura legal, experiencia, número de trabajadores, paralización de actividades y estructura de capital) influyen parcialmente en la decisión de financiamiento adicional, dado que únicamente la estructura de capital tiene una relación positivamente significativa con la variable de tratamiento, mientras que las características del administrador (edad, sexo, nivel de educación y años de experiencia) no tienen ninguna influencia.

Abstract This article analyzes the influence of several immigrant merchants arrival in Yucatan during the context of trade opening in the Caribbean. Likewise, it examines the mechanisms for strengthening the Yucatecan mercantile sector and the social, political and economic interference of these agents that allowed the commercial elite of Mérida and Campeche to position themselves as a power group in the region at the end of the Colonial era.

Resumen El presente artículo analiza la influencia de varios comerciantes inmigrantes que llegaron a Yucatán durante el contexto de apertura comercial en el Caribe. Asimismo, se examinan los mecanismos de fortalecimiento del sector mercantil yucateco y la injerencia social, política y económica de estos agentes que permitieron a la élite de negociantes de Mérida y Campeche posicionarse como grupo de poder en la región a fines de la época colonial.

ABSTRACT The consistent underperformance of the Brazilian economy in the 21st century, despite some years of higher gross domestic product (GDP) growth in the 2000s, has coincided with positive outcomes in its financial system. This contradiction is examined in the article through the concepts of hegemony and financialization. The aim is to establish a connection between financial hegemony, economic structure, and aggregate profitability, to identify how the former affects negatively the latter. The weight of the financial sector and its ability to influence economic policies and sustain its gains in different contexts are evaluated. Additionally, the determinants of the profit rate and its relationship with structural factors are examined. The evidence points to a significant influence of financial capital, which, through adverse structural changes, affects long-term profit rate trends, and consequently affects the industry and foreign trade, while also allowing the financial sector to maintain its gains over time.

RESUMEN El bajo rendimiento constante de la economía brasileña en el siglo XXI, a pesar de algunos años de mayor crecimiento del producto interno bruto (PIB) en la década del 2000, ha coincidido con resultados positivos en su sistema financiero. Esta contradicción se examina en el artículo mediante los conceptos de hegemonía y financiarización. El objetivo es establecer una conexión entre la hegemonía financiera, la estructura económica y la rentabilidad agregada, a fin de identificar cómo lo primero impacta negativamente en lo segundo. Se evalúa el peso del sector financiero, así como su capacidad para influir en las políticas económicas y mantener sus ganancias en diferentes contextos. Además, se examinan los determinantes de la tasa de beneficio y su relación con los factores estructurales. La evidencia apunta a una influencia significativa del capital financiero, que mediante cambios estructurales adversos afecta las tendencias de la tasa de beneficio a largo plazo, lo que en consecuencia impacta en la industria y el comercio exterior, y permite al sector financiero mantener sus ganancias con el tiempo.

ABSTRACT The research exposes the initial phase of a project for the introduction of photovoltaic technology connected to the users' low voltage network. The article was structured in such a way that the fulfillment of the research objective and verification of the hypothesis was demonstrated. The deductive method was applied, observation, the research is qualitative, the bibliographic review related to the use of solar potential through the introduction of photovoltaic technology connected to the grid was used software QGIS was used for spatial data management and solar potential data management. The results were an examination of energy consumption by the sector studied and the repercussions linked to photovoltaic technology connected to the low voltage grid were analyzed.

RESUMEN La investigación expone la fase inicial de un proyecto para la introducción de la tecnología fotovoltaica conectada a la red de baja tensión de los usuarios. El artículo se estructuró de una manera tal que se demostró el cumplimiento del objetivo de la investigación y la verificación de la hipótesis. Se aplicó el método deductivo, la observación, la investigación es cualitativa, se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica relacionada con el aprovechamiento del potencial solar mediante la introducción de la tecnología fotovoltaica conectada a la red. Se utilizó el software QGIS para la gestión de datos espaciales y el manejo de los datos del potencial solar. Se tuvo como resultados un examen del consumo de energía por parte del sector estudiado y se analizaron las repercusiones vinculadas con la tecnología fotovoltaica conectada a la red de baja tensión.

Resumen: En un contexto de creciente globalización y digitalización, las ventanillas únicas para el comercio han adquirido un papel fundamental como herramienta para agilizar y facilitar las operaciones comerciales a nivel internacional. Este artículo científico se centra en el análisis de las tendencias más recientes en la implementación de las ventanillas únicas para el comercio, poniendo de relieve cuatro áreas de particular interés que están moldeando la actualidad de este campo. La primera tendencia se relaciona con la aplicación de una ventanilla única nacional en un país en vez de implementar distintas ventanillas únicas «limitados». La siguiente tendencia implica incluir diversos sectores de servicios en la ventanilla única nacional, desde los servicios regulatorios hasta los servicios privados, en la esfera de la logística y el transporte. La tercera tendencia se relaciona con la transformación de los sistemas nacionales en las plataformas globales de facilitación del comercio que permiten realizar el comercio sin interrupción, en comparación con la ventanilla única, las plataformas para el comercio ofrecen múltiples soluciones y capaces de abarcar un gran número de bienes, servicios y participantes del comercio internacional no sólo en un sector específico, sino abarcar toda la cadena de suministro. Estas tendencias representan una evolución constante en la búsqueda de simplificar y mejorar el comercio internacional, adaptándolo a las demandas cambiantes de la economía globalizada.

Abstract: In a context of increasing globalization and digitalization, single windows for trade have assumed a fundamental role as a tool to streamline and facilitate international business operations. This scientific article focuses on the analysis of the most recent trends in the implementation of single windows for trade, highlighting four areas of particular interest that are shaping the current landscape in this field. The first trend is related to the implementation of a national single window in a country instead of implementing various "limited" single windows. The following trend involves including various sectors of services in the national single window, from regulatory services to private services, in the logistics and transportation sphere. The third trend is related to the transformation of national systems into global trade facilitation platforms that allow uninterrupted trade. Compared to the single window, trade platforms offer multiple solutions and are capable of covering a wide range of goods, services, and international trade participants not only in a specific sector but across the entire supply chain. These trends represent an ongoing evolution in the pursuit of simplifying and enhancing international trade, adapting it to the changing demands of the globalized economy.

Abstract: This article analyzes the relationship between the services sector and Ecuadorian economic growth using cointegration and causality econometric techniques from 1990-2018. The results indicate that services as a whole, particularly trade and transportation, positively impact economic growth in the long run. However, in the short term, services as a whole have a negative effect, which may be explained by the continuous deterioration of their productivity. Meanwhile, there is a causality effect ranging from trade to economic growth, and from GDP per capita to services as a whole and transportation.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la relación entre el sector servicios y el crecimiento económico ecuatoriano mediante técnicas econométricas de cointegración y causalidad durante el periodo 1990-2018. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los servicios en conjunto y, en particular, el comercio y el transporte, tienen un impacto positivo en el crecimiento económico a largo plazo; sin embargo, en el corto plazo, los servicios en conjunto tienen un efecto negativo, que puede explicarse por el continuo deterioro de su productividad. Por otro lado, se observa un efecto de causalidad desde el comercio hacia el crecimiento económico y, desde el PIB per cápita hacia los servicios en conjunto y al transporte.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar cuáles son los factores que inciden en la adopción del comercio electrónico por parte de las pymes en Guayaquil. La importancia e impacto que tiene el E-Commerce en las organizaciones es de gran magnitud en diferentes aspectos, es por ello que se han estudiado varios modelos de adopción de E-Commerce. Algunos de estos modelos estudiados son los de Kabanda & Brown modelo integrado de adopción de E-Commerce donde se mencionan tres factores relevantes como el organizacional, de innovación y ambiental, por otra parte, también se tiene el modelo de adopción de E-Commerce para pymes de Wang & Hou, donde definen el contexto tecnológico, organizacional y ambiental como factores determinantes en la adopción del E-Commerce. El factor organizacional hace referencia a las características propias de la organización y de los propietarios en el momento de adoptar las tecnologías de E-Commerce, mientras que el factor de innovación analiza los aspectos del por qué un usuario acepta o rechaza las nuevas innovaciones por medio del modelo de aceptación de tecnología. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se emplea metodología de tipo descriptivo y método cuantitativo; se realiza una encuesta, a la muestra de 67 pymes comerciales de Guayaquil. En conclusión, se identifican los factores que influyen en la adopción del comercio electrónico por parte de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en Guayaquil, revelando aspectos tecnológicos, organizativos, de innovación y transaccionales. Estos factores ejercen tanto impactos positivos como negativos durante el proceso de adopción del comercio electrónico.

ABSTRACT The objective of this project is to analyze the factors influencing the adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Guayaquil. The importance and impact of E-Commerce on organizations are significant in various aspects, leading to the study of several E-Commerce adoption models. Some of these models, such as Kabanda & Brown's integrated E-Commerce adoption model, highlight three relevant factors: organizational, innovation, and environmental. Additionally, Wang & Hou's E-Commerce adoption model for SMEs defines technological, organizational, and environmental contexts as determining factors in E-Commerce adoption. The organizational factor refers to the characteristics of the organization and owners when adopting E-Commerce technologies, while the innovation factor analyzes aspects of why a user accepts or rejects new innovations through the technology acceptance model. This work employs a descriptive methodology and quantitative method, conducting a survey with a sample of 67 commercial SMEs in Guayaquil. In conclusion, factors influencing the adoption of electronic commerce by SMEs in Guayaquil are identified, revealing technological, organizational, innovation, and transactional aspects. These factors exert both positive and negative impacts during the E-Commerce adoption process.

RESUMEN El cacao ha aportado sustanciales ingresos a la economía ecuatoriana, al punto de llamársele “pepa de oro” desde el siglo XIX, por ser la base de las primeras industrias y entidades bancarias y dinamizador del desarrollo socio-económico. En la cadena de producción y comercialización cacaotera intervienen múltiples actores, estableciéndose interrelaciones para posicionar los productos del cacao en el mercado interno, pero destinando la mayor parte a la exportación. Este estudio analiza el proceso de comercialización de productos a partir de la identificación de sus principales canales. Sobre la base de una metodología mixta con enfoque descriptivo, se caracterizó el producto y su comercialización a partir de los resultados de una encuesta a actores del sector comercio de la provincia de Manabí. Se demuestra la preferencia por el consumo de productos del cacao procedentes de distribuidoras locales con políticas de pago flexibles, ciclos operativos de reposición de productos y respetuosas de las normativas legales y sanitarias. Entre los derivados con mayor consumo se encuentra el chocolate en polvo y el chocolate en barra, con preferencias hacia los envases en funda y sachets. Los resultados pueden ser generalizados a otras localidades, para potenciar la comercialización de productos derivados del cacao.

ABSTRACT Cocoa has contributed substantial income to the Ecuadorian economy, to the point of being called “golden nugget” since the 19th century, for being the basis of the first industries and banking entities and driving socio-economic development. Multiple actors intervene in the cocoa production and marketing chain, establishing interrelationships to position cocoa products in the domestic market, but allocating the majority to export. This study analyzes the product marketing process by identifying its main channels. Based on a mixed methodology with a descriptive approach, the product and its marketing were characterized based on the results of a survey of actors in the commerce sector in the province of Manabí. The preference for the consumption of cocoa products from local distributors with flexible payment policies, operational product replacement cycles and respect for legal and health regulations is demonstrated. Among the derivatives with the greatest consumption are chocolate powder and chocolate bars, with preferences towards packaging in cases and sachets. The results can be generalized to other locations, to enhance the marketing of cocoa products.

ABSTRACT The sectorial trajectory of banking in the Province of Malleco (Southern Chile) between 1887 and 1913 is studied, seeking to contribute to regional economic and financial history studies. It is argued that there was a diversification at the beginning of the 20th century, going from focusing on cereal production in the 19th century to expanding its operations in commerce and industry in the 20th, which meant development of the specialized financial sector. An exhaustive review of notarial archives, population and production censuses, ministerial reports, press, and literature was used.

RESUMEN Se estudia la trayectoria sectorial de la banca en la Provincia de Malleco (sur de Chile) entre 1887 y 1913, buscando hacer una contribución a los estudios de historia económica y financiera regional. Se sostiene que hubo una diversificación a inicios del siglo XX, pasando de enfocarse en la producción de cereales en el siglo XIX, a expandir sus operaciones en el comercio y la industria en el XX, lo que significó un desarrollo del sector financiero especializado. Se recurrió a una exhaustiva revisión de archivos notariales, censos de población y productivos, memorias ministeriales, prensa y literatura.

RÉSUMÉ L’article présente et analyse l’histoire et les liens de différentes expériences de commerce du livre à São Paulo, Minas Gerais et Rio de Janeiro, entre 1972 et 2018, à savoir : Livraria Contexto, Livraria Eboh, Livraria Griot, Sobá Livraria e Café, Kitabu Livraria Negra , Iná Livros et Livraria Africanidades. Des librairies spécifiquement noires, avec des propriétaires noirs, dédiées à la littérature en circulation produite et éditée par des auteurs noirs et/ou africains. Parfois, avec des liens avec des associations et des mouvements noirs contemporains. Compte tenu de la rareté des recherches sur cet objet spécifique, la principale méthode utilisée a été l’entretien structuré avec les sujets impliqués dans l’activité, l’analyse des sources secondaires, ainsi que l’utilisation de la recherche dans les journaux, qui s’est avérée très importante pour comprendre certaines des les significations sociales attribuées par les commerçants noirs à leur activité, leur portée, leurs liens de sens et limites. Larticle L article lhistoire l histoire Paulo Janeiro 197 2018 Contexto Eboh Griot Café Africanidades noires etou ou africains Parfois contemporains spécifique lentretien entretien lactivité, lactivité activité l’activité lanalyse secondaires lutilisation utilisation journaux sest s est portée limites 19 201 1 20 2

RESUMEN El artículo presenta y analiza la historia y las conexiones de diferentes experiencias de comercio de libros en São Paulo, Minas Gerais y Rio de Janeiro, entre 1972 y 2018, a saber: Livraria Contexto, Livraria Eboh, Livraria Griot, Sobá Livraria e Café, Kitabu Livraria Negra, Iná Livros, Livraria Africanidades . Estas son, específicamente, librerías negras, de propietarias negras y dueños negros, que se dedicaron a hacer circular la literatura producida y editada por autoría negra y/o africana. En ocasiones, estas librerías han tenido conexiones con asociaciones y movimientos negros coetáneos. Considerando la escasez de investigaciones sobre este objeto de estudio en específico, fue utilizado como método principal la entrevista estructurada con los sujetos involucrados en esta actividad, el análisis de fuentes secundarias, así como la investigación en periódicos, que se reveló bastante importante para comprender algunos de los sentidos sociales atribuidos por los comerciantes negros a su actividad, sus alcances, conexiones de sentidos y límites. Paulo Janeiro 197 2018 saber Contexto Eboh Griot Café Negra Livros son específicamente yo o africana ocasiones coetáneos específico actividad secundarias periódicos alcances límites 19 201 1 20 2

ABSTRACT This article presents and analyzes the history and connections among various black bookstore experiences in Southeast Brazil between 1972 and 2018. Given the lack of research on the topic in Brazil, this study relies heavily on structured interviews with some of the individuals in the sector, as well as on the analysis of secondary data and news. The stores studied are Livraria Contexto, Livraria Eboh, Livraria Griot, Sobá Livraria e Café, Kitabu Livraria Negra, Iná Livros and Livraria Africanidades, located in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. They are owned by black women and men devoted to selling black and African literature, some of whom have been activists in different segments of Brazil’s black movements. Our findings have advanced a deeper understanding of the social meanings black traders assign to their activity, their reach, the connections among their purposes, and their limitations. 197 2018 sector news Contexto Eboh Griot Café Negra Africanidades Paulo Janeiro literature Brazils s movements activity reach purposes limitations 19 201 1 20 2

RESUMO O artigo apresenta e analisa a história e as conexões de diferentes experiências de comércio livreiro em São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro, entre 1972 e 2018, a saber: Livraria Contexto, Livraria Eboh, Livraria Griot, Sobá Livraria e Café, Kitabu Livraria Negra, Iná Livros, Livraria Africanidades. Especificamente livrarias negras, de proprietárias negras e donos negros, que se dedicaram a fazer circular a literatura produzida e editada pela autoria negra e/ou africana. Por vezes, com conexões com associações e movimentos negros coetâneos. Considerando a escassez de pesquisas sobre este objeto específico, foi utilizado como método principal a entrevista estruturada com os sujeitos envolvidos na atividade, análise de fontes secundárias bem como o recurso a pesquisa em jornais, que se revelou bastante importante para compreender alguns dos sentidos sociais atribuídos pelos comerciantes negros em sua atividade, seus alcances, conexões de sentidos e limites. Paulo Janeiro 197 2018 saber Contexto Eboh Griot Café Negra Livros Africanidades eou ou africana vezes coetâneos específico atividade jornais alcances limites 19 201 1 20 2

RESUMEN CEATECSOFT E.I.R.L enfrenta un desafío que requiere una evaluación. A través del análisis de actores involucrados en la organización, se ha detectado una disminución en la rentabilidad económica. Esta situación está vinculada a diversos factores, como los costos laborales y las horas extras del personal técnico, la facturación de licencias y los gastos asociados con las actualizaciones del sistema de escritorio. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en qué medida la implementación de la arquitectura multi-tenant en un software como servicio (SaaS) incrementa su usabilidad en las MYPES del sector comercio del Nor Oriente del Peruano. Para ello, se realizó una investigación pre-experimental con una muestra de 32 MYPES a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario para medir el grado de usabilidad del software puesto en producción. En promedio, el 92 % de los encuestados reconoció mejoras en la solución propuesta, lo que marca una gran diferencia entre el pre y pos-test. En conclusión, el software como servicio (SaaS) desarrollado bajo la arquitectura multi-tenant ha aumentado la usabilidad del sistema implementado, generando beneficios significativos en términos de rentabilidad para la empresa CEATECSOFT E.I.R.L. En primer lugar, se ha logrado una reducción en los costos relacionados con el personal técnico, al eliminar la necesidad de gestionar múltiples versiones y al minimizar los gastos asociados con las visitas técnicas a los clientes, así como los costos relacionados con el registro de nuevos clientes.

ABSTRACT CEATECSOFT E.I.R.L. faces a challenge that requires an evaluation. Through the analysis of stakeholders in the organisation, a decrease in economic profitability has been detected. This situation is linked to several factors, such as labour costs and overtime for technical staff, licence invoicing and expenses associated with desktop system upgrades. The objective of this research was to determine to what extent the implementation of multi-tenant architecture in software as a service (SaaS) increases its usability in MSEs in the commerce sector of North Eastern Peru. For this purpose, pre-experimental research was carried out with a sample of 32 MSEs to whom a questionnaire was applied to measure the degree of usability of the software put into production. On average, 92 % of the respondents recognised improvements in the proposed solution, which significantly differs between the pre-and post-test. In conclusion, the software as a service (SaaS) developed under the multi-tenant architecture has increased the implemented system's usability, generating significant profitability benefits for the CEATECSOFT E.I.R.L. company. Firstly, technical staff costs have been reduced by eliminating the need to manage multiple versions and minimising the costs associated with technical visits to customers, and the costs associated with registering new customers.

ABSTRACT: Agriculture plays a leading role in the economic growth and development process. Ensuring the continuity of production depends on the purchasing power of the producers. The sustainability of production and the development of the rural welfare index in favor of the producers will increase the driving role of the agricultural sector, which is also a resource for other sectors. This study determined the variables affecting the Domestic Terms of Trade of the greenhouse tomato producers in Antalya, Türkiye. The product price has been determined as the major factor affecting the Domestic Terms of Trade. In addition, it was concluded that a one-unit increase in the product price increases the Domestic Terms of Trade by 34.99 units. Interviews revealed that the continuity of consumption needs is more important than the continuity of production. It has been determined that the high and variable input costs cause erosion in the incomes of the producers. Agricultural policies will be more effective both in the short and long term when the aim is to improve the welfare and purchasing power of producers, rather than intervening in agricultural prices or reducing prices. ABSTRACT process sector sectors Antalya Türkiye addition oneunit one unit 3499 34 99 34.9 units 349 3 9 34.

RESUMO: A agricultura tem um papel preponderante no processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico. Garantir a continuidade da produção depende do poder de compra dos produtores. A sustentabilidade da produção e o desenvolvimento do índice de bem-estar rural em favor dos produtores aumentarão o protagonismo do setor agropecuário, que também é um recurso para outros setores. O objetivo principal deste estudo é determinar as variáveis que afetam os Termos de Comércio Domésticos dos produtores de tomate de estufa em Antalya, Turquia. O preço do produto foi determinado como o principal fator que afeta os Termos de Comércio Domésticos. Além disso, concluiu-se que um aumento de uma unidade no preço do produto aumenta os Termos de Troca Domésticos em 34,99 unidades. As entrevistas revelaram que a continuidade das necessidades de consumo é mais importante do que a continuidade da produção. Constatou-se que os altos e variáveis custos dos insumos causam erosão na renda dos produtores. As políticas agrícolas serão mais eficazes, tanto no curto quanto no longo prazo, quando o objetivo for melhorar o bem-estar e o poder de compra dos produtores, em vez de intervir nos preços agrícolas ou reduzir os preços. RESUMO econômico bemestar bem estar agropecuário setores Antalya Turquia disso concluiuse concluiu se 3499 34 99 34,9 unidades Constatouse Constatou eficazes prazo 349 3 9 34,

Abstract The pandemic generated one of the biggest crises in the world, with a reduction in the population's purchasing power and difficulties in accessing food. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the conditions of flour production and its relation with the food security of family farmers in the cassava chain, in the Recôncavo Baiano Region, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was carried out, with data collection using a questionnaire and treatment using descriptive statistics and association tests. Of the total number of participants (n=86), 64% indicated changes in flour production volume and income. There was a reduction in monthly production, in the number of workers and hours worked in the flour houses, in addition to a reduction in the diversity of buyers. The increase in income from flour was associated with small number of more experienced producers (p=0.047). Despite the maintenance of fairs in the cities studied, there were changes in customer behavior. Online commerce and delivery were not very representative. Of those interviewed, 50% reported concern that food would run out. Government measures to support family farmers did not have a satisfactory reach among the participants. Most received emergency aid, and were also beneficiaries of social programs, which highlights vulnerabilities in the sector. world populations population s context chain Region COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 crosssectional cross sectional out tests n=86, n86 n n=86 , 86 (n=86) 64 houses buyers p=0.047. p0047 p p=0.047 . 0 047 (p=0.047) studied behavior representative interviewed 50 aid programs sector COVID1 1 COVID- n8 n=8 8 (n=86 6 p004 p=0.04 04 (p=0.047 5 n= (n=8 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.04 (n= p0 p=0. (p=0.0 (n p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

Resumo A pandemia gerou uma das maiores crises mundiais, com redução do poder aquisitivo da população e dificuldades no acesso aos alimentos. Neste contexto, este estudo objetivou analisar as condições de produção da farinha e a relação desta com a segurança alimentar de agricultores familiares da cadeia da mandioca, do Recôncavo Baiano, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Realizou-se estudo transversal, com coleta de dados por meio de questionário, tratamento por estatística descritiva e testes de associação. Do total de participantes (n=86), 64% indicaram alterações no volume de produção de farinha e na renda. Registrou-se redução na produção mensal, no número de trabalhadores e nas horas trabalhadas nas casas de farinha, além da redução na diversidade de compradores. O aumento na renda advinda da farinha foi associado a um pequeno número de produtores, mais experientes (p=0,047). Apesar da manutenção das feiras dos municípios estudados, houve alterações no comportamento dos clientes. O comércio online e por delivery foram pouco representativos. Dos entrevistados, 50% relataram preocupação de que os alimentos acabassem. As medidas governamentais de apoio aos agricultores familiares não tiveram alcance satisfatório junto aos participantes. A maior parte recebeu auxílio emergencial, sendo também beneficiários de programas sociais, o que evidencia vulnerabilidades no setor. mundiais contexto mandioca Baiano COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Realizouse Realizou se transversal questionário associação n=86, n86 n n=86 , 86 (n=86) 64 Registrouse Registrou mensal compradores produtores p=0,047. p0047 p p=0,047 . 0 047 (p=0,047) estudados clientes representativos entrevistados 50 acabassem emergencial sociais setor COVID1 1 COVID-1 n8 n=8 8 (n=86 6 p004 p=0,04 04 (p=0,047 5 COVID- n= (n=8 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,04 (n= p0 p=0, (p=0,0 (n p=0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Purpose: This research aimed to evaluate the potential for resilient performance in the face of crises and adversities for companies located in the city of Santa Maria – RS (Brazil). Design/methodology/approach: We adopted a quantitative approach. The research was carried out through five sequential steps: (i) construction and validation of the research instrument; (ii) definition of the sample size and sampling procedures; (iii) data collection; (iv) data analysis and interpretation of results; and (v) elaboration of recommendations. A research instrument containing 44 questions was built and distributed among potential respondents, obtaining 87 valid answers, which corresponds to a statistically representative sample for the parameters adopted. Findings: Our sample was divided into two subsets, representing the Industrial and Commerce sectors. Resilience assessment accounted for four dimensions: the ability to respond, to anticipate, to monitor, and to learn. Results for both sectors showed scores ranging from 3.4 to 3.7 (out of 5) in the four dimensions evaluated. This reveals both sectors have been developing practices that positively contribute to the improvement of resilience, although there are opportunities for improvement. Originality/value: This research sheds light on the resilience ability of the cases surveyed, enabling managers to take action to strengthen their organizations and overcome crises and adversities. Additionally, our findings demonstrate how resilience abilities can be assessed, considering the scope of an economic sector and a geographical area. This approach can be adopted by researchers, policymakers, and development agencies to assess the resilience abilities of firms within their sphere of influence. Purpose Brazil. Brazil . (Brazil) Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology steps i (i ii (ii procedures iii (iii collection iv (iv results v (v recommendations 4 respondents 8 answers Findings subsets respond anticipate monitor learn 34 3 3. 37 7 5 evaluated Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value surveyed Additionally assessed area researchers policymakers influence (Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de desempenho resiliente diante de crises e adversidades para empresas localizadas na cidade de Santa Maria – RS (Brasil). Design/metodologia/abordagem: A abordagem quantitativa foi adotada. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco etapas sequenciais, a saber: (i) construção e validação do instrumento de pesquisa; (ii) definição do tamanho da amostra e procedimentos de amostragem; (iii) coleta de dados; (iv) análise de dados e interpretação dos resultados; e (v) elaboração de recomendações. Um instrumento de pesquisa contendo 44 perguntas foi elaborado e distribuído entre potenciais respondentes, obtendo-se 87 respostas válidas, o que corresponde a uma amostra estatisticamente representativa para os parâmetros adotados. Resultados: A amostra foi dividida em dois subconjuntos, representando os setores Industrial e de Comércio. A avaliação de resiliência considerou quatro dimensões: habilidade de responder, antecipar, monitorar e aprender. Os resultados para ambos os setores mostraram pontuações variando de 3,4 a 3,7 (escala de 5 pontos) nas quatro dimensões avaliadas. Isso revela que ambos os setores têm desenvolvido práticas que contribuem positivamente para o aprimoramento da resiliência, embora haja oportunidades para melhorias. Originalidade/valor: Esta pesquisa lança luz sobre a capacidade de resiliência dos casos estudados, permitindo que os gestores atuem para fortalecer suas organizações para superar crises e adversidades. Além disso, nossos resultados demonstram como as habilidades de resiliência podem ser avaliadas considerando o escopo de setores econômicos e uma área geográfica, o que pode ser adotado por pesquisadores, formuladores de políticas e agências de desenvolvimento para avaliar as habilidades resilientes das empresas sob sua área de influência. Objetivo Brasil. Brasil . (Brasil) Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia adotada sequenciais saber i (i ii (ii amostragem iii (iii iv (iv v (v recomendações 4 respondentes obtendose obtendo se 8 válidas adotados Resultados subconjuntos Comércio responder antecipar aprender 34 3 3, 37 7 escala pontos melhorias Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor estudados disso geográfica pesquisadores influência (Brasil