Abstract A resilient person shows courage, adaptability, calmness, and flexibility when facing different complex and unfortunate situations, incorporating new strengths. This research aimed to diagnose students' resilience level at the nursing professional technical level, as a basis for the proposal of methodological actions that contribute to raising this capacity in those enrolled in that career. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Nursing major of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Sagua la Grande, course 2022. The population was made up of 59 students who were in the first academic year, selecting a sample of 36 students through a non-probabilistic procedure of the type of voluntary subject. The adaptation by Novella of the Wagnild and Young questionnaire was applied, in which the dimensions are evaluated: self-confidence, equanimity, perseverance, personal satisfaction, and feeling good alone. The results showed a predominance of aging 15 years (75.0%), the female sex (80.55%), white skin color (83.33%), the average level of resilience in the satisfaction dimensions (50 %), feeling good alone (44.44%) and self-confidence (38.88%), as well as a low level of equanimity (41.66%) and perseverance (47.22%). The diagnosis allowed the career faculty to develop a set of methodological actions to raise the students' resilience level.

Resumen Una persona resiliente muestra valentía, adaptabilidad, tranquilidad y flexibilidad al enfrentar diferentes situaciones complejas e infortunadas, incorporando nuevas fortalezas en el proceso. El propósito de la investigación fue diagnosticar el nivel de resiliencia de los estudiantes de nivel técnico profesional de enfermería, como base para la propuesta de acciones metodológicas que contribuyan a elevar esa capacidad en los matriculados en esa carrera. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Sagua la Grande, en la carrera de Enfermería, curso 2022. La población estuvo constituida por los 59 estudiantes que cursaban el primer año de esa oferta académica, seleccionando una muestra de 36 educandos mediante un procedimiento no probabilístico de tipo sujetos voluntarios. Se aplicó la adaptación por Novella del cuestionario de Wagnild y Young, en el que se evalúan las dimensiones: confianza en sí mismo, ecuanimidad, perseverancia, satisfacción personal y sentirse bien solo. Los resultados mostraron un predominio de la edad de 15 años (75,0%), el sexo femenino (80,55%), color de piel blanca (83,33%), el nivel de resiliencia medio en las dimensiones satisfacción (50,0%), sentirse bien solo (44,44%) y confianza en sí mismo (38,88%); además del nivel bajo en ecuanimidad (41,66%) y en perseverancia (47,22%). El diagnóstico posibilitó diseñar un conjunto de acciones metodológicas a desarrollar por el claustro de profesores de la carrera, para elevar el nivel de resiliencia de los estudiantes.

Abstract The sudden death of loved ones destabilizes the psyche of people. This research aimed to determine the correlation between grief and resilience in Chiclayo-Peru adults affected by the loss of loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic. A non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional study was carried out, with the participation of 305 adults from the city of Chiclayo aged 18 to 82 years (49.2% men and 50.8% women). Data were collected using Texas Revised Bereavement Inventory and the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale. 44.9% were between 18 and 29, and 49.3% were single. A correlation was established with a weak to moderate intensity and inversely proportional between the dimensions of grief and resilience. Women presented a higher average of resilience than men (M=134.45).

Resumen La muerte repentina de seres queridos desestabiliza la psiquis de las personas. El objetivo fue determinar la correlación entre el duelo y la resiliencia en adultos de la ciudad de Chiclayo, Perú, afectados por la pérdida de seres queridos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se hizo un estudio no experimental, correlacional y corte transversal, participaron 305 personas adultas de la ciudad de Chiclayo con edades de 18 a 82 años (49,2% hombres y 50,8% mujeres). Los datos se recopilaron utilizando el Inventario Texas Revisado de Duelo y la Escala de Resiliencia de Wagnild y Young. El 44,9% de los encuestados tenía edades entre 18 y 29 años y el 49,3% eran solteros. las mujeres presentaron un promedio más alto de resiliencia que los varones (M=134,45). Se estableció una correlación con una intensidad de débil a moderada e inversamente proporcional entre las dimensiones del duelo y las de resiliencia.

Abstract The pandemic tested the resilience of public systems, as governments faced the challenge of rapidly adapting their policies and practices. In this context, Argentina was recognized as one of the few countries that managed to mainstream a gender perspective to reach the most vulnerable populations, showing adaptive capacities and strategic orientation. This article seeks to document, systematize, and rethink the strategies deployed by the Argentine government in terms of mission-oriented innovation policies. The objective is to understand which capabilities are key to address complex social issues in the Global South and how they can be nurtured. Through a theoretical framework that articulates the literature on “dynamic public sector capacities” and “state capacities” in Latin America and the application of a qualitative methodology (case study), we find that state capacities were strengthened by reconfiguring pre-existing resources based on a government project, collective leadership, and a series of institutional and political innovations in the context of the rise of regional feminisms. This experience, which has earned Argentina global recognition, offers important lessons for addressing social challenges through innovation policies, the institutionalization of popular movement demands, and collaborations for resilient systems.

Resumen La pandemia puso a prueba la resiliencia de los sistemas públicos, pues los Gobiernos enfrentaron el desafío de adaptar rápidamente sus políticas y prácticas. En ese contexto, Argentina fue reconocida como uno de los pocos países que logró transversalizar la perspectiva de género para alcanzar a las poblaciones más vulnerables, mostrando capacidades de adaptación y orientación estratégica. En este artículo se busca captar, sistematizar y repensar -en el contexto de las políticas de innovación orientadas por misiones- las estrategias desplegadas por el Gobierno argentino. El objetivo es comprender qué capacidades resultan claves para el abordaje de problemáticas sociales complejas en el Sur Global y cómo estas pueden nutrirse. A través de un marco teórico que articula la literatura sobre “capacidades dinámicas del sector público” y “capacidades estatales” en América Latina, y la aplicación de una metodología cualitativa (estudio de caso), encontramos que las capacidades estatales se fortalecieron reconfigurando recursos preexistentes a partir de un proyecto de gobierno, liderazgos colectivos, y una serie de innovaciones institucionales y políticas en el contexto del auge de los feminismos regionales. Esta experiencia, que le ha valido a Argentina el reconocimiento mundial, ofrece importantes lecciones para abordar los retos sociales mediante políticas de innovación, la institucionalización de las demandas de los movimientos populares y las colaboraciones para lograr sistemas resilientes.

Abstract Great uncertainty prevails in the world today because of both zoo noses and geo economics. The importance of this contribution derives from the fact that it clarifies the scenarios where we are forced to make uncertain decisions but adjusted to reality. Its justification is that reconstruction in resilient economies (adaptively efficient) will be different from reorganization in vulnerable ones (adaptively inefficient). In the former, their economies and societies were resilient, implementing post-Fordism in production (business innovation), and the Welfare State in social policy (social innovation). Such dependence on the trajectory in the centers of the Western World allows us to foresee that their productive reconversion will lead to the numerical economy with as much comparative efficiency as that achieved before the pandemic. Lagging economies, on the contrary, will recycle to vulnerability particularly because they suffer from the original sin of procreating artifactual structures whose offer is rigid in the face of variations in income, and therefore propellant of the structural deficit of external financing that forces them to borrow in foreign currencies. to finance the proceeding unproductive sequence. This is a research article that applies the institutional methodology to arrive at the result that identifies how the reconstruction of resilient economies will be different from that of vulnerable ones. We conclude by emphasizing the strategic importance of social action to transform vulnerability into economic resilience.

Resumen En el mundo del presente prevalece una gran incertidumbre a causa tanto de la zoonosis como de la geoeconomía. La importancia de esta contribución deriva del hecho que aclara los escenarios donde estamos forzados a tomar decisiones inciertas pero ajustadas a la realidad. Su justificación, es que distinta será la reconstrucción en las economías resilientes (adaptativamente eficientes), de la reorganización en las vulnerables (adaptativamente ineficientes). En las primeras, sus economías y sus sociedades fueron resilientes instrumentando al postfordismo en la producción (innovación empresarial), y el Estado Benefactor en la política social (innovación social). Tal dependencia de la trayectoria en los centros del mundo occidental permite prever que su reconversión productiva llevará a la economía numérica con tanta eficiencia comparativa como la lograda antes de la pandemia. Las economías rezagadas, por el contrario, reciclarán a la vulnerabilidad particularmente porque adolecen del pecado original de procrear estructuras artefactuales cuya oferta es rígida ante las variaciones del ingreso, y por esto propulsora del déficit estructural de financiamiento externo que las obliga a endeudarse en divisas extranjeras para financiar la procedente secuencia improductiva. Este es un artículo de investigación que aplica la metodología institucional para arribar al resultado que identifica cómo la reconstrucción de las economías resilientes será diversa de la de las vulnerables. Se concluye recalcando la importancia estratégica de la acción social racional a fin de transformar la vulnerabilidad en resiliencia económica.

Resumen Objetivo: Señalar la asociación que existe entre los factores personal docente facilitador, convivencia escolar. personas tutoras supervisoras con la baja resiliencia en una institución de bachillerato militarizado en el estado de Nuevo León, México. Metodología: El estudio fue científico, no experimental, descriptivo y correlacional con una población de 484 estudiantes de los tres últimos semestres de tres planteles. Se propuso un modelo teórico que refleja las variables comprendidas en los constructos independientes y en el dependiente, así como un modelo empírico que relaciona los factores por medio de una técnica de modelado con ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: Existe correlación entre las variables o adecuación de muestreo Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), el cual fue de 0.809. Se obtuvo una Chi-cuadrada de 478.9, gl = 4.98, p-value < 0.001, el error cuadrático de medida de aproximación fue de 0.093, con intervalo de 0.085 y 0.101, lo que indica que los datos no están sesgados. Los índices de validación esperada, normado de ajuste, Tucker Lewis y ajuste normado de Parsimonia fueron: 0.743; 0.695; 0.545 y 0.906, respectivamente. Las β de los factores propuestos fueron de 0.45 para personal docente facilitador, -0,85 para la convivencia escolar y -0,31 para personas tutoras supervisoras. Conclusiones: Cuando la planta docente busca la participación del alumnado, invita al aprendizaje, da explicaciones de clase, resuelve dudas y preguntas, y se esmera por hacer la clase interesante; si el estudiantado muestra mayor enojo, lo consideran algo inesperado y piensan que no lograrán enfrentar las cosas; cuando las madres o padres supervisan los resultados, las tareas, trabajos y las actividades que sus hijas e hijos realizan fuera de casa, el estudiantado beneficia su capacidad de resiliencia. Las relaciones entre la planta docente, directiva y estudiantil favorecen la resiliencia del alumnado, lo cual disminuye sus enojos y afecciones, y favorece la capacidad de afrontar las cosas.

Abstract As the main objective, the researchers aimed to identify the association between facilitator teaching staff, school coexistence, and supervisory tutors with low resilience in a militarized high school institution in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. Regarding the methodology, the authors carried out a scientific, non-experimental, descriptive, and correlational study with a population of 484 students from the last three semesters of three schools. Likewise, a theoretical model that reflects the variables included in the independent and dependent constructs was proposed, as well as an empirical model that relates the factors through a modeling technique with structural equations. Regarding the results, there is a correlation between the variables or Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sampling, which was 0.809. A Chi-square of 478.9 was obtained, df = 4.98, p-value < 0.001, the squared error of approximation measurement was 0.093, with an interval of 0.085 and 0.101, which indicates that the data are not biased. The Expected Validation, Normed Fit, Tucker Lewis and Normed Parsimony Fit indices were 1.117; 0.743; 0.695 and 0.545, respectively. The β of the proposed factors were 0.45 for Facilitator Teachers, -0.85 for School Coexistence and -0.31 for Supervising Parents. Finally, the authors conclude that despite teachers seek student participation, encourage learning, give class explanations, resolve doubts and questions, in addition to striving to make classes interesting, students show more anger. This is considered unexpected and they think that they will not be able to face things. For their part, when parents supervise the results, tasks, jobs, and activities that their daughters and sons carry out outside the home, students benefit their resilience. Therefore, the relationships between teachers, administrators, and students favor the resilience of the students, which reduces their anger and affections, in addition to favoring the ability to face things.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the influence of innovation capacity on the business resilience of restaurants in the Toluca Valley, State of Mexico, in the face of the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: Quantitative study of non-experimental design and explanatory scope. A survey was applied to 216 workers in 75 restaurants and the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique (PLS-SEM) was used to test the research hypothesis. Results: The Covid-19 pandemic encouraged the restaurant industry to strengthen itself by exploiting and exploring knowledge and skills. Innovativeness was found to exert a positive and high influence on resilience, exhibiting strong predictive power and relevance. In addition, the ability to cope with adversities is linked to the transmission, transformation, and exploitation of existing knowledge in firms. LimitationBs: This study included a sample constituted by a small number of restaurant workers and data have only been obtained from that perspective, making the appreciation of other actors lacking. The findings should be consulted with discretion as they are part of a context where business tourism predominates. Conclusions: In terms of innovation, the approach of exploitation and exploration allowed understanding how organizational adaptation processes are generated in the face of strong changes in the environment; while the dimensions of resilience: anticipation, coping and adaptation, as successive stages grant a holistic view of the process that companies undergo to overcome crises.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de la capacidad de innovación sobre la resiliencia empresarial de los restaurantes del Valle de Toluca, Estado de México, frente a la crisis ocasionada por la pandemia de Covid-19. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo de diseño no experimental y alcance explicativo. Se aplicó una encuesta a 216 trabajadores de 75 restaurantes y se empleó la técnica de modelación de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) para someter a prueba la hipótesis de investigación. Resultados: Se comprobó que la capacidad de innovación ejerce una influencia positiva y elevada sobre la resiliencia, presentando un poder y relevancia predictiva fuerte. Aquí se vincula la transformación y el aprovechamiento del conocimiento existente en las empresas. Limitaciones: El estudio incluyó una muestra constituida por un número pequeño de trabajadores de restaurantes y solo se han obtenido datos desde esa perspectiva, haciendo falta la apreciación de otros actores. Los hallazgos deben consultarse con discreción por ser parte de un contexto donde predomina el turismo de negocios. Conclusiones: En términos de innovación, el enfoque de explotación y exploración permitió comprender cómo se generan los procesos de adaptación organizacional ante fuertes cambios del entorno; mientras que las dimensiones de la resiliencia: anticipación, afrontamiento y adaptación, como etapas sucesivas otorgan una visión holística del proceso al que se someten las empresas para superar las crisis.

Abstract This article analyzes the biological factors of the most common elasmobranchs in Bahía Santa Elena, in the Guanacaste Conservation Area in the north Pacific of Costa Rica. Due to a lack of marine-coastal scientific information there is a system failure of management, leaving without a resilience approach to the populations subject to conservation. The monthly sampling method was used from September 2015 to August 2016, diversity, relative abundance, species distribution, biometric aspects, reproductive biology and catch size structure were determined by means of an underwater census, the use of a trammel net and a visit to the Cuajiniquil fish reception posts. A survey was applied to 120 fishermen to know the social perception regarding the factors of sustainable development. I worked with a sample of 289 individuals, among the main results, it was obtained that the months with the highest rainfall are related to peaks of the diversity indices, with little spatial distribution. A seasonal replacement of species is presented, highlightingthe arrival of Rhinopterasteindachneri, Mobulamunkiana, during the rainy months and Mustelushenlei and Sphyrnalewini during the Trade Winds. The main spawning period for Myliobatiformes is located before December, however Urotrygonnana presents a second period in July. It is concluded that biometry indicates a greater number of juvenile organisms for sharks and adults for rays, bottom gillnet fishing was characterized by low economic performance, which affects the capture of juveniles of S. lewini, this economic income does not benefit from the intangible natural assets present in BSE that are State assets.

Resumen Este artículo analiza los factores biológicos de los elasmobranquios más comunes en Bahía Santa Elena, en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste en el Pacifico norte de Costa Rica. Debido a un vacío de información científica marino-costera que origina un fallo del sistema de manejo, no hay enfoque de resiliencia en las poblaciones sujeto de conservación. Se utilizó el método de muestreo mensual desde septiembre de 2015 hasta agosto de 2016. Mediante censo subacuático, uso de un trasmallo y visita en los puestos de recibo de pescado de Cuajiniquil se determinó la diversidad, abundancia relativa, distribución de las especies, aspectos biométricos, biología reproductiva y estructura de tallas de captura; también se aplicó una encuesta a 120 pescadores para conocer la percepción social en factores del desarrollo sostenible. Se trabajó con una muestra de 289 individuos que dio como resultado que los meses de mayor precipitación se relacionan con picos de los índices de diversidad, con poca distribución espacial, donde se presenta un remplazo estacional de especies, entre las que destaca el arribo de Rhinopterasteindachneri, Mobulamunkiana, durante los meses lluviosos y Mustelushenlei junto con Sphyrnalewini durante los vientos alisios. El periodo de desove principal para Myliobatiformes se ubica antes de diciembre, pero Urotrygonnana presenta un segundo periodo en julio. Se concluye que la biometría indica un mayor número de organismos juveniles para tiburones y adultos para rayas. La pesca con trasmallo de fondo se caracterizó por bajo rendimiento económico, lo que incide en la captura de juveniles de S. lewini, y este ingreso económico no se beneficia de los bienes naturales intangibles presentes en BSE que son patrimonio del Estado.

ABSTRACT Family health residencies show advances for work, especially in Primary Care, which in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic remains as a gateway to the health network. The resilience of a health system refers to its ability to absorb, adapt, transform, and remain functional when subjected to a crisis. The objective was to analyze the role of health residents for the resilience of Primary Care in the context of COVID-19. The study, of a qualitative and quantitative nature, through a self-administered online questionnaire, included health residents who worked in Primary Care during the pandemic as subjects. The data observed the profile of the participants and aspects related to their resilience. The Epi Info program and thematic content analysis were used for data analysis. 289 residents participated, mostly women, cisgender, white. The analytical categories were identified: Contribution to the continuity of actions in Primary Care; Responsiveness to the needs of the pandemic; and Assistance and educational innovations. The residents seem to have contributed to the resilience of health services in Primary Care during the pandemic, despite their activities not being fully developed, given the structural, financial, political, and theoretical-practical limitations.

RESUMO As residências em saúde da família demonstram avanços para o trabalho, sobretudo na Atenção Básica, que no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 permanece como porta de entrada na rede de saúde. A resiliência de um sistema de saúde se refere à sua capacidade de absorver, adaptar, transformar e se manter funcionante quando submetido a uma crise. Objetivou-se analisar o papel dos residentes em saúde para a resiliência da Atenção Básica no contexto da Covid-19. O estudo, de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, por meio de questionário on-line autoaplicável, contemplou como sujeitos as(os) residentes em saúde que atuaram na Atenção Básica durante a pandemia. Os dados observaram o perfil das(os) participantes e aspectos relativos à resiliência destas(es). Utilizaram-se o programa Epi Info e a análise temática de conteúdo para a análise dos dados. Participaram 289 residentes, a maioria mulheres, cisgênero, brancas. Identificaram-se as categorias analíticas: Contribuição para a continuidade das ações na Atenção Básica; Capacidade de resposta às necessidades da pandemia; e Inovações assistenciais e educativas. As(os) residentes parecem ter contribuído para a resiliência dos serviços de saúde na Atenção Básica durante a pandemia apesar das suas atividades não terem sido desenvolvidas integralmente, haja vista as limitações estruturais, financeiras, políticas e teórico-práticas.

Resumen Esta investigación consistió en una revisión sistemática basada en los criterios de la declaración PRISMA, configurada a través la búsqueda en bases de datos Scopus, Dialnet; y Google Académico, para el periodo comprendido entre 2005 y 2021 de investigaciones que abordan la temática de planes comunitarios de riesgos (PCR). La inclusión de las publicaciones se basó en criterios como estudios enfocados en gestión de riesgos de desastres, experiencias comunitarias, investigaciones realizadas en Suramérica, trabajos en formato textual, estudios publicados por entes gubernamentales, publicaciones de autores corporativos, trabajos conducentes de grado publicados (licenciatura, maestría, doctorados); y publicaciones con acceso abierto. El proceso de selección se desarrolló en dos fases, arrojando un total de diecinueve trabajos que fueron revisados (n=19). Los resultados se analizaron a partir de: los PCR en los Marcos de Acción de Hyogo y Sendai, por área de conocimiento, por país suramericano, y los aportes de las investigaciones sobre los PCR. Se concluyó que los planes comunitarios se presentan como un instrumento importante para la capacitación y planificación multidisciplinaria en materia de gestión de riesgos de desastres que propician la reducción de la vulnerabilidad y fortalecen la resiliencia en las comunidades.

Resumo Esta pesquisa consistiu em uma revisão sistemática baseada nos critérios da declaração PRISMA, configurada por meio da busca nas bases de dados Scopus, Dialnet; e Google Scholar, para o período entre 2005 e 2021 de pesquisa que aborda a questão dos planos de risco comunitário (PCR). A inclusão das publicações foi baseada em critérios como estudos voltados para gestão de risco de desastres, experiências comunitárias, pesquisas realizadas na América do Sul, trabalhos em formato textual, estudos publicados por entidades governamentais, publicações de autores corporativos, estudos conducentes a títulos publicados (bacharelado, mestrado, doutorado); e publicações de acesso aberto. O processo de seleção foi desenvolvido em duas fases, totalizando dezenove artigos que foram revisados (n=19). Os resultados foram analisados a partir dos PCRs nos Quadros de Ação de Hyogo e Sendai, por área de conhecimento, por país sul-americano, e as contribuições das pesquisas sobre os PCRs. Concluiu-se que os planos comunitários se apresentam como um importante instrumento de capacitação e planejamento multidisciplinar em gestão de risco de desastres que promovem a redução da vulnerabilidade e fortalecem a resiliência nas comunidades.

Abstract This research consisted of a systematic review based on the criteria of the PRISMA statement, configured through a search in Scopus, Dialnet; and Google Scholar databases, for the period between 2005 and 2021 of research that addresses the topic of community risk plans (CRPS). The inclusion of the publications was based on criteria such as studies focused on disaster risk management, community experiences, research conducted in South America, works in textual format, studies published by government entities, publications by corporate authors, works leading to degree published (bachelor's, master's, doctoral); and publications with open access. The selection process was developed in two phases, yielding a total of nineteen works that were reviewed (n=19). The results were analyzed based on: the CRPS in the Hyogo and Sendai Frameworks of Action, by knowledge area, by South American country, and the contributions of research on the CRPS. It was concluded that community plans are presented as an important tool for training and multidisciplinary planning in disaster risk management that promote vulnerability reduction and strengthen resilience in communities.

Resumen: Los sistemas socio-ecológicos evolucionan en ciclos de adaptación ecológica aumentando la resiliencia de los lugares. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los procesos de diseño e implementación del Proyecto de Área de Actividades y Cine al Aire Libre que se aplica en uno de los valles del Campus Principal de la Universidad Mugla Sitki Koçman. El proyecto se realizó utilizando el enfoque de ecodiseño como método de diseño y planificación basado en los conceptos de panarquía y transecto, que tienen sus raíces en los estudios de Patrick Geddes. Los criterios adoptados para el diseño del área del proyecto fueron determinados por el proceso de levantamiento, análisis y diseño en el marco de las oportunidades que ofrece el entorno en la interacción de la naturaleza y el ser humano. De acuerdo con los criterios básicos de diseño, se completó la fase de aplicación del proyecto y se puso en servicio el Cine al Aire Libre y el Área de Actividades.

Abstract: Social-ecological systems evolve in cycles of ecological adaptation increasing the resilience of places. The aim of this article is to present the design and implementation processes of the Outdoor Cinema and Activity Area Project which are applied on one of the valley floors in Mugla Sitki Koçman University’s Main Campus. The project was carried out by using the eco-design approach as the method of design and planning based on the concepts of panarchy and transect having roots in the studies of Patrick Geddes. The criteria adopted for the design of the project area were determined by the survey-analysis-design process within the framework of the opportunities offered by the land in the interaction of nature and human beings. In line with the basic design criteria, the application phase of the project was completed and the Outdoor Cinema and Activity Area were put into service.

Resumen La resiliencia es una característica individual que posibilita el reajuste biopsicosocial y espiritual que ayuda al bienestar psicológico y al desenvolvimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la invarianza de medición según el sexo, de dos versiones breves de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) y determinar si existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Se evaluó con la CD-RISC-10, que incluye la CD-RISC-7, a una muestra de 491 universitarios arequipeños (312 mujeres; 179 hombres) con edad promedio de 20.56 años (DE = 3.18), de una institución privada. Inicialmente se realizó un análisis factorial multigrupo con cada versión para valorar el grado de invarianza de medición alcanzado, y luego de ello se compararon las medias latentes de resiliencia entre hombres y mujeres. En cuanto a los resultados, la CD-RISC-7 presentó indicadores estructurales más favorables (e.g., λ > .50; en mujeres: CFI = .981, RMSEA = .087, WRMR = 0.683; en hombres: CFI = .966, RMSEA = .124, WRMR = 0.783), que la CD-RISC-10 (e.g., λ < .50, índices de ajuste en mujeres: CFI = .974, RMSEA = .073, WRMR = 0.774; en hombres: CFI = .960, RMSEA = .095, WRMR = 0.803) incluyendo la invarianza de medición (invarianza estricta: ΔCFI = .003; ARMSEA = .001), y al comparar las medias latentes fueron halladas diferencias significativas a favor de los hombres (d = .471). Finalmente, se discuten las implicancias teóricas y metodológicas de los hallazgos, así como la necesidad de ampliar los estudios considerando otros aspectos relevantes para una mejor comprensión del constructo resiliencia.

Abstract Resilience is an individual trait that enables biopsychosocial and spiritual readjustment, helping the psychological well-being and academic performance of university students. The objective of this research was to analyze the measurement invariance by sex of two short versions of the Connor - Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and to determine if there are differences between men and women. A sample of 491 Arequipa university students (63.5% women), with an average age of 20.56 years-old (SD = 3.18), from a private institution in Arequipa-Peru was evaluated with the CD-RISC-10, which includes the CD-RISC-7. First, a multi-group factor analysis was carried out with each version to assess the degree of measurement invariance achieved, and then the latent means of resilience between men and women were compared. Regarding the results, the cD-Risc-7 presented more favorable structural indicators (e.g., λ > .50; in women: CFI= .981, RMSEA= .087, WRMR = 0.683; in men: CFI= .966, RMSEA= .124, WRMR= 0.783), than THE CD-RISC-10 (e.g., λ < .50, fit indices in women: CFI = .974, RMSEA = .073, WRMR = 0.774; in men: CFI = .960, RMSEA = .095, WRMR = 0.803), including measurement invariance (strict invariance: ΔCFI= .003; ARMSEA = .001), and when comparing latent means, significant differences in favor of men were found (d = .471). Finally, the theoretical and methodological implications of the findings are discussed, as well as the need to extend the studies considering other relevant aspects for a better understanding of the resilience construct.

Soft skills são definidas como um conjunto de habilidades emocionais relacionadas à atividade social. Nos alunos do ensino médio, é fundamental praticar e fortalecer essas habilidades para concretizar seu projeto de vida. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar descritivamente os critérios dos alunos do ensino médio básico da Unidade Educacional Sicalpa sobre seu projeto de vida e quais soft skills eles possuem para alcançá-lo. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma metodologia transversal descritiva e quantitativa, onde se utilizou como instrumento de recolha de dados o inquérito, aplicado a uma população de 69 alunos, cujos resultados evidenciam a predisposição para ter um projeto de vida, bem como as qualidades para atingir esse objetivo. Conclui-se que os alunos têm uma comunicação e visão sobre o seu futuro com o seu círculo mais próximo. Além disso, as soft skills e o processo educacional servem como base fundamental para a concretização do seu projeto de vida.

Soft skills are defined as emotional skills related to social activity. In high school students, practicing and strengthening these skills is essential for achieving their life project. This research aims to analyze descriptively the criteria of high school students of the Sicalpa Educational Unit about their life project and what soft skills they have to achieve it. The research was carried out with a descriptive methodology of transversal and quantitative cut, where the survey was used as an instrument of data collection, applied to a population of 69 students, whose results show the predisposition of having a life project, as well as the qualities to achieve this objective. It is concluded that students have a communication and vision about their future with their closest circle. In addition, soft skills and the educational process are fundamental for achieving their life project.

Las habilidades blandas se definen como un conjunto de destrezas de carácter emocional relacionadas con la actividad social. En estudiantes de educación media resulta fundamental la práctica y fortalecimiento de estas destrezas para la consecución de su proyecto de vida. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar descriptivamente el criterio de los estudiantes de educación básica media de la Unidad Educativa Sicalpa sobre su proyecto de vida y qué habilidades blandas poseen para conseguirlo. La investigación fue ejecutada con una metodología descriptiva de corte transversal y cuantitativa, donde se usó la encuesta como instrumento de recogida de datos, aplicada a una población de 69 estudiantes, cuyos resultados muestran la predisposición de contar con un proyecto de vida, así como las cualidades para alcanzar dicho objetivo. Se concluye que los estudiantes poseen una comunicación y visión sobre su futuro con su círculo más cercano. Además, las habilidades blandas y el proceso educativo fungen como base fundamental para alcanzar su proyecto de vida.

RESUMO O alagamento é um fator estressante e promove danos ao aparato fotossintético, afetando negativamente o crescimento de mudas de espécies frutíferas, dentre elas a jatobazeiro Estudos sobre o manejo fisiológico, tal como aplicação exógena de fitohormônio, para aliviar o estresse abiótico tem aumentado. Assim, objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de concentrações de ácido salicílico (AS) em mudas de H. courbaril submetidas ao alagamento. As mudas receberam aplicação via foliar de quatro concentrações de AS: 0, 100, 200 e 400 mg L-1, e submetidas a dois regimes hídricos: a) controle: - não alagadas e irrigadas diariamente e b) alagamento - acondicionamento das mudas em piscina com lâmina d’água (5.0 cm) acima do nível do substrato. Decorridos 35 dias avaliamos as trocas gasosas, crescimento inicial, qualidade e o potencial de resiliência ecológica das mudas. Observou-se que todas as mudas alagadas sobreviveram, mas tiveram redução da fotossíntese, eficiência instantânea de carboxilação da Rubisco e de uso da água e condutância estomática e quando receberam aplicação entre 100-300 mg L-1 de AS. As mudas que receberam aplicação das concentrações entre 100 e 300 mg L-1 de AS tiveram maiores características de crescimento, qualidade e plasticidade fenotípica. A aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico não mitigou o efeito do alagamento sobre as trocas gasosas, mas contribuiu no crescimento das mudas de H. courbaril.

ABSTRACT Flooding is a stressful condition that causes damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, negatively affecting the growth of seedlings of fruit species, including Hymenaea courbaril L. Studies on physiological management, such as exogenous application of phytohormones, to alleviate abiotic stress have increased. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on H. courbaril seedlings subjected to flooding. The seedlings received foliar application of four concentrations of SA (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg L-1) and were subjected to two water regimes: a) control - non-flooded and irrigated daily and b) flooded - seedlings were placed in a plastic pool, keeping the water depth at ± 5.0 cm above the substrate level. After 35 days, we evaluated the gas exchange, initial growth, quality, and potential ecological resilience of the seedlings. All flooded seedlings survived, but had reduced photosynthesis, carboxylation of Rubisco efficiency, and water-use and stomatal conductance when they received 100-300 mg L-1 SA. The seedlings that received between 100 and 300 mg L-1 SA had greater growth, quality, and phenotypic plasticity. Foliar application of SA did not mitigated the effect of flooding on gas exchange but contributed to the growth of H. courbaril seedlings.

Abstract The objective of the article is to analyze the situation of the last twenty years in the region of Vale do Paranhana/Rio Grande do Sul, located in southern Brazil, and to verify if there is a process of regional resilience. The theoretical and empirical contribution of the work consists of analyzing a region with productive specialization in a peripheral country, since many existing studies are controlled in contexts different from those found in a territory with these characteristics. To conduct the study, it was decided to characterize the region in relation to several socioeconomic indicators, such as population evolution, GDP, employment, main accelerated activities and Human Development Index of the municipalities that comprise it, analyzing secondary statistical data from official databases. After analysis, we found that the region demonstrated resilience until 2014, perceptible through the analysis of the databases, and subsequent decline, quite significant in terms of formal jobs, establishments and GDP per capita, and then it became weakened. It is understood that the Vale do Paranhana region has possibilities to develop resources that make it resilient, despite the negative indicators presented. However, a more assertive understanding of the Paranhana Valley could also be obtained using primary data, which highlights the need for a mixed approach in the study of regional resilience.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar a situação dos últimos vinte anos da região do Vale do Paranhana/Rio Grande do Sul, localizada no sul do Brasil, e verificar se há um processo de resiliência regional. A contribuição teórica e empírica do trabalho consiste em analisar uma região com especialização produtiva de um país periférico, uma vez que a maioria dos estudos existentes é conduzida em contextos distintos do que se encontra num território com essas características. Para a condução do estudo, optou-se por caracterizar a região em relação a diversos indicadores socioeconômicos, como evolução da população, PIB, emprego, principais atividades econômicas e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano dos municípios que a compõem, analisando dados estatísticos secundários de bases oficiais. Após análise, verifica-se que a região demonstrou capacidade de resiliência até 2014, perceptível através da análise das bases de dados, e posterior declínio, bastante significativo em termos de empregos formais, estabelecimentos e PIB per capita, e depois esta tornou-se enfraquecida. Entende-se que a região do Vale do Paranhana conta com possibilidades de desenvolver capacidades que a tornem resiliente, apesar dos indicadores negativos apresentados. Contudo, uma compreensão mais assertiva sobre o Vale do Paranhana poderia ser obtida com a utilização também de dados primários, o que ressalta a necessidade de abordagem mista no estudo da resiliência regional.

Abstract This research focused on the Mexico City Climate Change Action Program 2014-2020 case study, examines how resilience has been embedded into planning instruments. Part 1 introduces prominent themes and concepts related to the incorporation of resilience in planning practice. Part 2 analyses concepts, methodologies, and strategies for building resilience in this program. Part 3 presents a critical assessment of the framework adopted. By doing so, it aims to highlight the challenges and opportunities embedding resilience offers to building a comprehensive urban resilience strategy within a planning for sustainability framework.

Resumen Esta investigación, centrada en el estudio de caso del Programa de Acción contra el Cambio Climático de la Ciudad de México 2014-2020, examina cómo la resiliencia se integra en los instrumentos de planeación. Se analizan conceptos relacionados con la incorporación del pensamiento de la resiliencia en la práctica de la planeación de las ciudades; así como los términos enfoque, metodologías y estrategias para construir resiliencia en este programa; finalmente, se presenta una evaluación crítica del marco adoptado. El objetivo es resaltar los desafíos y las oportunidades que implica construir una estrategia integral de resiliencia urbana en el marco de una planeación para la sustentabilidad.