Abstract In the community of Santiago Ecatlán, Jonotla, Puebla, located in a cultural region inhabited by Totonacos, the residents take advantage of various plant species with different uses. Among the edible species, some of the Begonia genus (Begoniaceae) stand out, valued mainly for their cultural importance. The petioles of these begonias are consumed as "quelites" and are appreciated both for their flavor and for the economic income they generate through their sale. Factors such as cultural erosion, climate change, the exchange of species between communities from different states, in addition to advances in taxonomic studies, can modify the existing information from previous works about plants. Therefore, the objective of this work was to update the information on edible begonias, their propagation and form of consumption in the community of Ecatlán, through an ethnobotanical study. The information was collected through participant observation, open and semi-structured interviews, and the collection of botanical samples. The following species were identified: Begonia thiemei and B. manicata as the most used, B. heracleifolia with two variants, a probable hybrid between B. heracleifolia and B. manicata, which had possibly been reported by other authors as B. barkeri or B. aff. barkeri and another identified only to the genus, whose morphological characteristics suggest that it could be a new species for science. Regarding the species mentioned by other authors as edible in the area, there was agreement on the use of Begonia heracleifolia, B. manicata and the probable hybrid mentioned above. However, no evidence was found of the presence and/or use of B. fusca, B. incarnata and B. glabra, reported in previous works. Finally, it was recorded that B. nelumbonifolia is not appreciated as food by the local inhabitants. The identified species were found in family gardens, coffee plantations, "ranches" and along roads. Based on the information collected, it was found that the propagation of begonias is carried out in two ways: 1) through the rhizomes and 2) in the case of B. thiemei, by cutting the mature leaf, approximately 2 -3 cm below the leaf blade, and its subsequent planting in soil. These species are available throughout the year, and the preparation of the traditional dish includes various ingredients, including species from the Apiaceae and Piperaceae families.

Resumen En la comunidad de Santiago Ecatlán, Jonotla, Puebla, ubicada en una región cultural habitada por totonacos, los pobladores aprovechan diversas especies vegetales con distintos usos. Entre las especies comestibles, destacan algunas del género Begonia (Begoniaceae), valoradas principalmente por su importancia cultural. Los peciolos de estas begonias se consumen como "quelites" y son apreciados tanto por su sabor como por los ingresos económicos que generan a través de su venta. Factores como la erosión cultural, el cambio climático, el intercambio de especies entre comunidades de diferentes estados, además de los avances en los estudios taxonómicos, pueden modificar la información existente de trabajos anteriores acerca de las plantas. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue actualizar la información sobre las begonias comestibles, su propagación y forma de consumo en la comunidad de Ecatlán, a través de un estudio etnobotánico. La información se recopiló mediante la observación participante, entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas y la recolección de muestras botánicas. Se identificaron las siguientes especies: Begonia thiemei y B. manicata como las más utilizadas, B. heracleifolia con dos variantes, un probable híbrido entre B. heracleifolia y B. manicata, que posiblemente había sido reportado por otros autores como B. barkeri o B. aff. barkeri y otra identificada solamente a género, cuyas características morfológicas hacen suponer que podría ser una especie nueva para la ciencia. En cuanto a las especies mencionadas por otros autores como comestibles en la zona, se coincidió en el uso de Begonia heracleifolia, B. manicata y el probable híbrido mencionado anteriormente. Sin embargo, no se encontraron indicios de la presencia y/o uso de B. fusca, B. incarnata y B. glabra, reportadas en trabajos anteriores. Por último, se registró que B. nelumbonifolia no es apreciada como alimento por los habitantes de la localidad. Las especies identificadas se encontraron en huertos familiares, cafetales, "ranchos" y a lo largo de los caminos. Con base en la información recopilada se encontró que la propagación de las begonias se lleva a cabo de dos formas: 1) a través de los rizomas y 2) en el caso de B. thiemei, mediante el corte de la hoja madura, aproximadamente 2-3 cm por debajo de la lámina foliar, y su posterior plantación en tierra. Estas especies están disponibles durante todo el año, y la preparación del platillo tradicional incluye diversos ingredientes, entre ellos, especies de las familias Apiaceae y Piperaceae.

ABSTRACT Determining the bioactivity of essential oils extracted from plants is crucial for the development of alternatives for controlling insect pests in stored grains. This study aimed to investigate the bioactivity of Piper aduncum L. essential oil for the control of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Bioassays were conducted to determine the oil toxicity, sublethal effects, attractiveness and flight initiation behavior. Toxicity tests were carried out to determine the lethal concentrations for 50 and 95 % of the insects (LC50 and LC95). Tests were also performed with sublethal exposures to C. ferrurineus, S. oryzae and S. zeamais, using their respective LC5 values (0.0002, 0.097 and 0.11 µL cm-2), to investigate effects on the attraction or repellency activity, as well as flight tests. C. ferrugineus showed greater LC50 (0.0005 µL cm-2) and LC95 (0.0012 µL cm-2) susceptibility, in relation to S. oryzae LC50 (0.35 µL cm-2) and LC95 (1.26 µL cm-2), and S. zeamais LC50 (0.39 µL cm-2) and LC95 (1.40 µL cm-2). The exposure to the sublethal LC5 concentration influenced the behavioral responses of attractiveness/repellency and flight activity. The oil had a neutral effect on C. ferrugineus LC5 (0.0002 µL cm-2) and an attractive effect on S. oryzae and S. zeamais LC5 (0.097 and 0.11 µL cm-2), and can be considered a potential insecticide for controlling pest weevil species of stored grains.

RESUMO Determinar a bioatividade de óleos essenciais extraídos de plantas é primordial para o desenvolvimento de alternativas de controle de insetos-praga em grãos armazenados. Objetivou-se investigar a bioatividade do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. para o controle de Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Foram realizados bioensaios para determinar a toxicidade do óleo, efeitos subletais, comportamento de atratividade e iniciação de voo. Testes de toxicidade foram realizados, determinando-se as concentrações letais para 50 e 95 % dos insetos (CL50 e CL95). Também foram realizados testes com exposições subletais para C. ferrurineus, S. oryzae e S. zeamais, utilizando-se as suas respectivas CL5 (0,0002; 0,097; e 0,11 µL cm-2), para averiguar efeitos na atividade de atração ou repelência, e testes de voo. C. ferrugineus apresentou maior susceptibilidade CL50 (0,0005 µL cm-2) e CL95 (0,0012 µL cm-2), em relação a S. oryzae CL50 (0,35 µL cm-2) e CL95 (1,26 µL cm-2) e S. zeamais CL50 (0,39 µL cm-2) e CL95 (1,40 µL cm-2). A exposição à concentração subletal CL5 influenciou nas respostas comportamentais de atratividade/repelência e atividade de voo das espécies. O óleo apresentou efeito neutro para C. ferrugineus CL5 (0,0002 µL cm-2) e atrativo para S. oryzae e S. zeamais CL5 (0,097 e 0,11 µL cm-2), podendo ser considerado potencial inseticida para o controle de espécies de gorgulhos-praga de grãos armazenados.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of three species of plants from the Piperaceae family on reducing necrosis and enhancing wound healing in an animal model of degloving injuries. Methods: The animals were divided into six groups, each consisting of six animals: sham, negative control, EEPA (Piper amalago ethanolic extract), EEPG (Piper glabratum ethanolic extract), EEPV (Piper vicosanum ethanolic extract), and positive control receiving hyperbaric oxygenation. The animals underwent surgery to induce excision wounds, and the extent of cutaneous necrosis was evaluated using graphic software, while wound healing was assessed through histopathology. Results: Skin necrosis percentage area was: sham group = 62.84% 6.38; negative control group = 63.03% 4.11; P. vicosanum = 40.80% 4.76 p < 0.05; P. glabratum 32.97% 4.01 p < 0.01; P. amalago = 32.40% 4.61 p < 0.01; hyperbaric oxygenation = 33.21% 4.29 p < 0.01. All treated groups showed higher collagen deposition and less intense, plus predominantly mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, suggesting improved healing process. Conclusions: The three tested extracts demonstrated efficacy in reducing the extent of cutaneous necrosis caused by degloving injuries and also showed evidence of improvement in the wound healing process.

RESUMEN Los ecosistemas andinos constituyen uno de los más importantes centros de biodiversidad del mundo, sin embargo, sus coberturas boscosas tienden a desaparecer rápidamente debido a que están sometidas a una fuerte presión antrópica. En este estudio, se caracterizan las angiospermas presentes en los parches de bosque, sus bordes y en zonas de vegetación abierta o potrero de un área andina de la Cordillera Central de Colombia. Entre marzo de 2017 y febrero de 2018 se realizaron recolecciones de material fértil mediante recorridos del área. Se obtuvo información complementaria de colecciones históricas depositadas en herbarios. El material herborizado se depositó en el Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL). Se registran 431 especies, agrupadas en 92 familias y 239 géneros, se encontraron cinco familias de magnólidas con siete géneros y 29 especies, 18 de monocotiledóneas (66/131) y 69 eudicotiledóneas (166/271). La mayor riqueza a nivel de especies la presentan Orchidaceae (54), Rubiaceae (24), Asteraceae (22), Araceae (22) y Piperaceae (20). Las hierbas terrestres son la forma de vida más numerosa (31,8 %), seguidas por arbustos (26,5 %) y árboles (17,6 %). A pesar de tratarse de áreas rodeadas por actividades productivas, principalmente agropecuarias, se encontraron 30 especies endémicas de Colombia, 170 taxones representan nuevos registros para la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Central del departamento de Antioquia, dos nuevos registros para el departamento y cuatro nuevas especies.

ABSTRACT The Andean ecosystems constitute one of the most important centers of biodiversity in the world; however, their forest covers tend to disappear rapidly as they are subjected to strong anthropic pressure. In this study, the angiosperms present in the forest patches, its edge, and in areas of open vegetation or pasture of an Andean area of the Central Cordillera of Colombia are characterized. General collections of fertile material were made through tours between March 2017 and February 2018. Complementary information was obtained from historic collections deposited in herbaria and the botanical material was deposited in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL). A total of 431 species are recorded, grouped into 92 families and 239 genera, five families of magnolids were found with seven genera and 29 species, 18 monocotyledons (66/131) and 69 eudicotyledons (166/271). The highest species richness is presented by Orchidaceae (54), Rubiaceae (24), Asteraceae (22), Araceae (22), and Piperaceae (20). Terrestrial herbs is the most numerous life form (31.8 %), followed by shrubs (26.5 %) and trees (17.6 %). Despite being areas surrounded by productive activities, mainly agricultural, 30 species are endemic to Colombia, 170 taxa are new records for the eastern slope of the Central mountain range of the department of Antioquia, two are new records for the department, and four new species are reported.

Abstract The melisopalinological and physicochemical analysis of six honeys was performed, three correspond to the bee species Melipona beecheii and three to Scaptotrigona mexicana, all from the municipality of Teocelo, Veracruz, Mexico. We determined 81 pollen types, belonging to 32 botanical families, the most important for both species of bees were Anacardiaceae (Spondias sp.), Malvaceae (Heliocarpus appendiculatus), Piperaceae (Piper sp.), Salicaceae (Salix sp.) and Urticaceae (Cecropia sp.). Two honey samples were monofloral, one from each bee species and the remaining multifloral. As for its classification by pollen content, four of the honeys correspond to category V, this is honeys with a high pollen content. The diversity index (H') of the honeys was 0.74, in one of the monofloral samples to 2.73 in a multifloral; the Pielou equity index (J') indicated a heterogeneous pecoreo for monofloral honeys and homogeneous for multifloral honeys. The physicochemical characteristics determined did not show marked differences between the honeys of both bee species, the humidity was from 25.25 to 26.98; pH from 3.36 to 3.43; ash content from 0.006 to 0.047; electrical conductivity from 0.15 to 0.22 mS cm-1; and in terms of color all the honeys were clear.

Resumen Se realizó el análisis melisopalinológico y fisicoquímico de seis mieles, tres corresponden a la especie de abeja Melipona beecheii y tres a Scaptotrigona mexicana, todas del municipio de Teocelo, Veracruz, México. Se determinaron 81 tipos polínicos, pertenecientes a 32 familias botánicas, las más importantes para ambas especies de abejas fueron Anacardiaceae (Spondias sp.), Malvaceae (Heliocarpus appendiculatus), Piperaceae (Piper sp.), Salicaceae (Salix sp.) y Urticaceae (Cecropia sp.). Dos muestras de miel fueron monoflorales, una de cada especie de abeja y las restantes multiflorales. En cuanto a su clasificación por contenido de polen cuatro de las mieles corresponden a la categoría V, esto es mieles con gran contenido de polen. El índice de diversidad (H´) de las mieles fue de 0.74, en una de las muestras monoflorales a 2.73 en una multifloral; el índice de equidad (J´) de Pielou señaló un pecoreo heterogéneo para mieles monoflorales y homogéneo para multiflorales. Las características fisicoquímicas determinadas no mostraron marcadas diferencias entre las mieles de ambas especies de abejas, la humedad fue de 25.25 a 26.98; pH de 3.36 a 3.43; el contenido de cenizas de 0.006 a 0.047; la conductividad eléctrica de 0.15 a 0.22 mS cm-1; en cuanto al color todas las mieles fueron claras.

ABSTRACT Piper is a large genus in the Piperaceae family, with the subgenus Ottonia having about 30 species distributed in the Neotropics, most of which occur in Brazil (26 species). Ottonia is characterized by the flower densely papillate, pedicellate or sessile, with four stigmas, four stamens and 4-ribbed fruits with persistent stigmas. The recent global studies of Piper propose that all the species of Ottonia should be considered a subgenus of Piper. Beacause Brazil doesn’t have a revisionary study with the subgenus or with Piper, most of the names of the Piper subgenus Ottonia, about 100 names, need to be re-evaluated. We presented 26 species of Piper subgenus Ottonia, which one three are new species from Brazil Piper brumadinense M. Carv.-Silva & E.F. Guim., Piper cariacicaense M. Carv.-Silva & E.F. Guim., and Piper moringanum E.F. Guim. & M. Carv.-Silva. A synopsis of the Piper L. subgenus Ottonia Spreng. (Piperaceae) is presented, including diagnostics aspects and comments on species, descriptions of the new species, synonyms, lectotypes, and a key to the species and illustrations.

Abstract Several Piper species accumulate piperamides as secondary metabolites, and although they have relevant biological importance, many details of their biosynthetic pathways have not yet been described experimentally. Experiments involving enzymatic reactions and labeled precursor feeding were performed using the species Piper tuberculatum and Piper arboreum. The activities of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzymes, which are involved in the general phenylpropanoid pathway, were monitored by the conversion of the amino acid L-phenylalanine to cinnamic acid. The activity of the 4-hydroxylase (C4H) enzyme was also observed in P. tuberculatum by converting cinnamic acid to p-coumaric acid. L-[UL-14C]-phenylalanine was fed into the leaves of P. tuberculatum and incorporated into piperine (1), 4,5-dihydropiperine (2), fagaramide (4), trans-piplartine (7), and dihydropiplartine (9). In P. arboreum, it was only incorporated into the piperamide 4,5-dihydropiperiline (3). L-[UL-14C]-lysine was successfully incorporated into the 4,5-dihydropiperine piperidine group (2), dihydropyridinone, and trans- (7) and cis-piplartine (8). These data corroborate the proposal of mixed biosynthetic origin of piperamides with the aromatic moiety originating from cinnamic acid (shikimic acid pathway) and key amide construction with amino acids as precursors.

Resumo Diversas espécies do gênero Piper acumulam piperamidas como metabólitos secundários e, embora tenham relevante importância biológica, detalhes de suas vias biossintéticas ainda não foram descritos experimentalmente. Experimentos envolvendo reações enzimáticas e incorporação de precursores marcados foram realizados utilizando as espécies Piper tuberculatum e Piper arboreum. As atividades das enzimas fenilalanina amônia liase (PAL), que estão envolvidas na via geral dos fenilpropanoides, foram monitoradas pela conversão do aminoácido L-fenilalanina em ácido cinâmico. A atividade da enzima 4-hidroxilase (C4H) também foi observada em P. tuberculatum pela conversão do ácido cinâmico em ácido p-cumárico. L-[UL-14C]-fenilalanina foi administrada em folhas de P. tuberculatum e incorporada em piperina (1), 4,5-di-hidropiperina (2), fagaramida (4), trans-piplartina (7) e diidropiplartina (9). Em P. arboreum, foi incorporado apenas à piperamida 4,5-dihidropiperilina (3). L-[UL-14C]-lisina foi incorporada com sucesso em 4,5-diidropiperina (2), trans-piplartina (7) e cis-piplartina (8). Esses dados corroboram a proposta de origem biossintética mista de piperamidas com a porção aromática originada do ácido cinâmico (via do ácido chiquímico) e construção de amida chave com aminoácidos como precursores.

Resumo Um imenso potencial para a produção de compostos secundários e potencial inseticida vem sendo estudado dentro da ampla diversidade que a flora brasileira apresenta. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou apresentar informações sobre o potencial das plantas no controle de insetos, através de uma revisão bibliográfica. Os primeiros inseticidas botânicos utilizados foram a nicotina, a piretrina, a rotenona, a sabadilla e a rianodina. A partir de então foram estudados vários compostos e espécies, como a azadiractina, extraída do nim, alcaloides das Anonaceaes, rotenona em Derris urucu, Piperaceae com as amidas, entre outros registros com as espécies amazônicas. Observa-se então que as espécies amazônicas compõem uma rica fonte de pesquisa e muitos dos exemplares estudados mostraram-se promissores para o desenvolvimento de inseticidas. Entretanto, novas pesquisas, principalmente em campo, devem ser realizadas para prospecção de novas espécies, buscando compostos seletivos e consequentemente com menor contaminação ambiental, para utilização tanto direta, quanto para o desenvolvimento de novos inseticidas comerciais.

Abstract A vast potential for the production of secondary metabolites and insecticide potential has been studied within a wide diversity of Brazilian flora. Thus, this study aimed to present information on the potential of plants to control insects through a literature review. The first botanical insecticides used were nicotine, pyrethrin, rotenone, ryanodine, and sabadilla. Since then, various compounds and species have been studied, such as azadirachtin extracted from neem, alkaloids from Annonaceae, rotenone in Derris urucu, and amides from Piperaceae, among other records of Amazonian species. Therefore, Amazonian species make up a rich source of research, and many of the specimens studied were promising for the development of insecticides. However new research, especially in the field, should be carried out to prospect for new species, seeking selective compounds with consequently less environmental contamination for both direct use and the development of new commercial insecticides.

Peperomia Ruiz amp; Pav. is the second largest genus of Piperaceae with about 1,600 to 1,700 species in the world, with greater diversity in the Neotropics and with great representation in Brazil. The objective of the work was to identify as Peperomia Ruiz amp; Pav. species present in the Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, carrying out taxonomic treatment and comments. The REBIO of Tinguá is a Federal Conservation Unit of Integral Protection, located in the State of Rio de Janeiro and inserted in the Atlantic Forest biome. There have been found 14 taxa in REBIO of Tinguá: Peperomia alata Ruiz amp; Pav.; P. catharinae Miq.; P. corcovadensis Gardner; P. dichotoma Regel; P. glabella (Sw.) A. Dietr. var. glabella; P. glabella var. nervulosa (C. DC.) Yunck.; P. glabella var. nigropunctata (Miq.) Dahlst.; P. glazioui C. DC.; P. nitida Dahlst.; P. obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr.; P. quadrifolia (L.) Kunth; P. rotundifolia (L.) Kunth; P. tetraphylla (G. Forst.) Hook. amp; Arn.; P. urocarpa Fisch. amp; C. A. Mey.

Peperomia Ruiz amp; Pav. é o segundo maior gênero de Piperaceae com cerca de 1.600 a 1.700 espécies no mundo, com 177 ocorrentes no Brasil. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificaras espécies de Peperomia Ruiz amp; Pav. presentes na Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, realizando tratamento taxonômico e comentários. A REBIO do Tinguá é uma Unidade de Conservação Federal de proteção integral, localizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e inserida no bioma Mata Atlântica. Foram encontrados 14 táxons na Reserva Biológica do Tinguá: Peperomia alata Ruiz amp; Pav.; P. catharinae Miq.; P. corcovadensis Gardner; P. dichotoma Regel; P. glabella (Sw.) A. Dietr. var. glabella; P. glabella var. nervulosa (C. DC.) Yunck.; P.glabella var. nigropunctata (Miq.) Dahlst.; P. glazioui C. DC.; P. nitida Dahlst.; P. obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr.; P. quadrifolia (L.) Kunth; P. rotundifolia (L.) Kunth; P. tetraphylla (G. Forst.) Hook. amp; Arn.; P. urocarpa Fisch. amp; C. A. Mey.

Abstract In order to characterize the vegetation of the montane yunga forests in the south of the Río Abiseo National Park (La Sata sector), we installed 14 0.1 ha plots in four vegetation types: grassland, forests with trampled understory, forest on slope and remnant forest. The first three forests had a variable anthropogenic use before the establishment of the national park in 1983. We calculated Woody plant abundance basal área and the distribution of Woody plants by diameter and height classes, we also determined the importance value index for each species. We registered 96 especies (in 48 genera and 33 families) in the four vegetation types. The most species rich families were Asteraceae, Chloranthaceae, Cyatheaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae Rubiaceae, Piperaceae and Rosaceae. The most abundant species were Weinmannia latifolia C. Presl, followed by Miconia aff. firma J. F. Macbr. and Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. The most species rich genera were Cyathea, Miconia, Persea, Axinaea, Solanum and Piper. The distribution by diameter classes showed reversed-J distribution for all forests studied, suggesting an adequate regeneration process. Ecologically important species included Escallonia myrtilloides, Weinmannia latifolia, Miconia cf. neriifolia, Miconia aff. jahnii, Myrsine coriacea and Gynoxis cf. congestiflora. Our results showed that the floristic patterns for the La Sata forests are similar in composition and structure to other forest present in this ecosystem in Peru.

Resumen Con el objetivo de caracterizar la vegetación de los bosques altimontanos de yunga de la zona sur del Parque Nacional Río Abiseo (sector La Sata), instalamos 14 parcelas de 0,1 ha en cuatro tipos de vegetación: pajonal, bosque con sotobosque apisonado, bosque de ladera y bosque remanente, los tres primeros con diferente grado de alteración por actividades antrópicas realizadas previo a la creación del Parque en 1983. Calculamos la abundancia, el área basal y la distribución del número de árboles por clases diamétricas y de altura, y determinamos el índice de valor de importancia a nivel de especie. Registramos 96 especies (en 48 géneros y 33 familias) en los cuatro tipos de vegetación. Las familias más diversas fueron Asteraceae, Chloranthaceae, Cyatheaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae Rubiaceae, Piperaceae y Rosaceae. Las especies más abundantes fueron Weinmannia latifolia C. Presl, seguida de Miconia aff. firma J. F. Macbr. y Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. y los géneros con mayor número de especies fueron Cyathea, Miconia, Persea, Axinaea, Solanum y Piper. En la distribución de abundancia por clase diamétrica notamos que los bosques tuvieron una distribución de tipo J invertida, lo que sugiere adecuados proceso de regeneración. Las especies ecológicamente importantes fueron Escallonia myrtilloides, Weinmannia latifolia, Miconia cf. neriifolia, Miconia aff. jahnii, Myrsine coriacea y Gynoxis cf. congestiflora. Los resultados florísticos muestran que los bosques evaluados presentan patrones de composición y estructura similares a otros bosques presentes en este ecosistema en el Perú.

ABSTRACT Zalepidota distincta sp. nov. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) is described based on male, female, pupa and larva morphological characters. The new species induces galls on Piper vicosanum (Piperaceae), an endemic plant to Brazil. Types (mounted on slides) were deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Illustrations of the most relevant morphological characters are provided. The new species has some morphological characters that differ from those of the genus diagnosis. Therefore, the concept of Zalepidota was broadened.

RESUMO Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. é o segundo maior gênero de Piperaceae com cerca de 1.600 a 1.700 espécies no mundo, com 177 ocorrentes no Brasil. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificaras espécies de Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. presentes na Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, realizando tratamento taxonômico e comentários. A REBIO do Tinguá é uma Unidade de Conservação Federal de proteção integral, localizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e inserida no bioma Mata Atlântica. Foram encontrados 14 táxons na Reserva Biológica do Tinguá: Peperomia alata Ruiz & Pav.; P. catharinae Miq.; P. corcovadensis Gardner; P. dichotoma Regel; P. glabella (Sw.) A. Dietr. var. glabella; P. glabella var. nervulosa (C. DC.) Yunck.; P.glabella var. nigropunctata (Miq.) Dahlst.; P. glazioui C. DC.; P. nitida Dahlst.; P. obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr.; P. quadrifolia (L.) Kunth; P. rotundifolia (L.) Kunth; P. tetraphylla (G. Forst.) Hook. & Arn.; P. urocarpa Fisch. & C. A. Mey.

ABSTRACT Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. is the second largest genus of Piperaceae with about 1,600 to 1,700 species in the world, with greater diversity in the Neotropics and with great representation in Brazil. The objective of the work was to identify as Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. species present in the Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, carrying out taxonomic treatment and comments. The REBIO of Tinguá is a Federal Conservation Unit of Integral Protection, located in the State of Rio de Janeiro and inserted in the Atlantic Forest biome. There have been found 14 taxa in REBIO of Tinguá: Peperomia alata Ruiz & Pav.; P. catharinae Miq.; P. corcovadensis Gardner; P. dichotoma Regel; P. glabella (Sw.) A. Dietr. var. glabella; P. glabella var. nervulosa (C. DC.) Yunck.; P. glabella var. nigropunctata (Miq.) Dahlst.; P. glazioui C. DC.; P. nitida Dahlst.; P. obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr.; P. quadrifolia (L.) Kunth; P. rotundifolia (L.) Kunth; P. tetraphylla (G. Forst.) Hook. & Arn.; P. urocarpa Fisch. & C. A. Mey.

Abstract During grain storage, a considerable amount of product is lost because of insects, such as Zabrotes subfasciatus. Currently, to mitigate these risks, studies are searching for plants with potential for the control of agricultural pests, also known as botanical insecticides. In this study, the fumigant toxicity of the essential oils of Piper callosum (PC-EO), Piper marginatum (PM-EO) and Vitex agnus-castus (VA-EO) against Zabrotes subfasciatus was investigated. The essential oils of PC-EO, PM-EO and VA-EO were analysed by gas chromatography (GC-MS), and the major components were 3,4-methylenedioxypropiophenone (10.4%), bicyclogermacrene (10.1%) and germacrene D (9.9%) for PM-EO; safrol (29.3%) for PC-EO; and 1,8-cineol (23.8%) for VA-EO. In fumigation tests, VA-EO killed 100% Zabrotes subfasciatus at a concentration of 0.004 µL/L air after 24 h of treatment, whereas PC-EO and PM-EO at 0.01 µL/L air caused 100% Z. subfasciatus mortality after 48 h. The VA-EO sample provided the lowest LD50 after 24 h (0.17 µL/L air), followed by PC-EO (0.78 µL/L air) and PM-EO (1.17 µL/L air). These results demonstrate that the essential oils of these species can be an alternative to control pests in stored products. This is the first report of the fumigant potential of these species against Z. subfasciatus.

Resumen En el campo de la etnobotánica, en el Chocó biogeográfico, se han realizados muchas investigaciones que tienen como objeto los diferentes usos de las plantas. Muchas de estas investigaciones pretendían proporcionar productos comerciales a los gobiernos o empresas privadas, pero la mayoría de estas investigaciones se llevaron a cabo para compartir el conocimiento del uso de plantas medicinales a la población y para rescatar un conocimiento que está en riesgo de perderse. La importancia de estos trabajos nos permite profundizar en el conocimiento del uso y el manejo de especies vegetales en las distintas zonas origen de las mismas. Así se pueden ofrecer mejoras o alternativas de explotación. Por esta razón Se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre el uso de las plantas medicinales, usando sobre todo publicaciones relacionadas Cauca y Chocó En total se obtuvieron 1178 registros sobre el uso de plantas medicinales; 902 para el departamento del Chocó y 276 para el departamento del Cauca. Útiles en el tratamiento de 130 enfermedades o dolencias diferentes, asociadas a 17 categorías medicinales producto de la revisión bibliográfica de 17 publicaciones. Se encontraron 766 especies de plantas vasculares de las que 392 sp. para Chocó y 374sp. para Cauca, agrupadas en 132 familias. Las familias más representativas en el Chocó están: Gesneriaceae (103 usos), Asteraceae (83), Piperaceae (65), Arecaceae (46) y Araceae (41). En el Cauca se destacarón: Piperaceae (132 usos), Asteraceae (127), Fabaceae (68) Arecaceae (66), Gesneriaceae (51). Los problemas de salud con mayor número de tratamientos en Chocó fueron mordeduras de serpiente (194 registros de uso), paludismo (100), fiebre (74), desordenes y trastornos del hígado (74) y dolor de cabeza (62), mientras que, en Cauca fueron mordedura de serpiente (209), heridas en la piel con (77), diarrea (58), fiebre (58) y desordenes y trastornos renales (41). Respecto a los grupos humanos, los Afrocolombianos obtuvieron el mayor número de registros, seguidos por los indígenas y los mestizos

Abstract In total, 1178 records were obtained on the use of medicinal plants; 902 for the department of Chocó and 276 for the department of Cauca. Useful in the treatment of 130 different diseases or ailments, associated with 17 medicinal categories product of the literature review of 17 publications. 766 species of vascular plants were found of which 392 sp. for Chocó and 374sp. for Cauca, grouped into 132 families. The most representative families in the Chocó are: Gesneriaceae (103 uses), Asteraceae (83), Piperaceae (65), Arecaceae (46) and Araceae (41). In Cauca, the following stand out: Piperaceae (132 uses), Asteraceae (127), Fabaceae (68) Arecaceae (66), Gesneriaceae (51). The health problems with the highest number oftreatments in Chocó were snake bites (194 use records), malaria (100), fever (74), liver disorders and disorders (74) and headache (62), while, in Cauca were snake bite (209), skin wounds with (77), diarrhea (58), fever (58) and kidney disorders and disorders (41). Regarding human groups, Afro-Colombians obtained the highest number of records, followed by indigenous and mestizos.

Resumen Introducción . La pimienta es una especie de la familia de la Piperaceae, originaria de la Costa de Malabar, situada en Kerala al sur de la India. En Costa Rica, las principales plantaciones de pimienta se localizan desde Upala hasta Talamanca, e incluye toda la franja costera y la parte baja de Sarapiquí. Según estudios de factibilidad, el país cuenta con el potencial para producir pimienta con altos parámetros de calidad. Sin embargo, las enfermedades vasculares son una de las principales limitantes del cultivo. Objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el aislamiento e identificación molecular y morfológica de las especies de Fusarium asociadas al cultivo de la pimienta (Piper nigrum L.) en 2 de las principales zonas productoras del país. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron treinta muestras de plantas enfermas de distintas fincas en las zonas de Sarapiquí y Guatuso, se describieron detalladamente los síntomas observados en el sistema radical y/o la base del tallo para cada una de las plantas recolectadas. Los veintiún aislamientos de Fusarium spp. obtenidos se identificaron molecularmente con la secuencia parcial del gen Factor de Elongación 1α (EF-1α) y para la identificación morfológica se utilizaron los medios de cultivo PDA y Carnation Leaf-piece Agar (CLA). Resultados y conclusiones. Se confirmó la presencia de Fusarium oxysporum en las muestras provenientes de Sarapiquí, así como la presencia de Fusarium solani en ambas zonas muestreadas. Se reporta por primera vez, la presencia de las especies Fusarium concentricum y Fusarium proliferatum asociadas a la marchitez vascular.

Abstract Introduction. Pepper is one of the Piperaceae family, native to the Malabar Coast, located in Kerala in Southern India. In Costa Rica, main pepper plantations are located from Upala to Talamanca including the entire coastal and lower strip of Sarapiquí. According to feasibility studies, Costa Rica has the potential to produce pepper with high quality parameters; however, vascular diseases are one of the main crop limitations. Objective. To isolatate, and molecularly and morphologically identify species of Fusarium associated with the cultivation of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in 2 of the main productive areas of the country. Materials and methods. Thirty samples from diseased plants were collected from different farms located in Sarapiqui and Guatuso, symptoms observed in the radical system and/or the stem base were described in detail for each plant. The twenty one isolates of Fusarium spp. obtained were identified with the partial sequence of the molecular marker Elongation Factor 1α (EF-1α) gene and for the morphogical identification using the PDA and Carnation Leaf Agar (CLA) culture media were used. Results and conclusions. The presence of Fusarium oxysporum was confirmed in the samples from Sarapiquí, and the presence of Fusarium solani was confirmed in the samples from both areas. The presence of the species Fusarium concentricum and Fusarium proliferatum associated with vascular wilt is reported for the first time.