Abstract Introduction: The Wood Thrush is a migratory bird that has experienced dramatic declines in its populations in recent decades. This species overwinters in forest fragments with intermediate levels of habitat modification in Central America. However, more studies detailing the use of remnant forests through time are needed to elucidate the threats this species faces in the wintering grounds. Objective: To understand the effects of environmental and forest structure variables on the occupancy of Wood Thrush in Northern Costa Rica. Methods: The study area was the Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), located in Northern Costa Rica, in December 2016, and during the 2018-2019 migration season. We estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and detection probability in four locations of ACG (dry forest, cloud forest, and two locations in the wet forest) using single-season occupancy models. We also estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and probability of persistence in different months in three vegetation types (open area, secondary forest, and old-growth forest) in the wet forest of ACG using a multi-season occupancy model approach. Results: Wood Thrush occupancy was best described by precipitation in the four locations of the ACG; the probability of occupancy increased with precipitation. The average occupancy of Wood Thrushes varied with vegetation type: open area with shrubs and forest edge (0.69 ± 0.09), secondary forest (0.46 ± 0.1), and old-growth forest (0.61 ± 0.1). Wood Thrush probability of persistence responded partially to changes in precipitation, with an unexpected increase in persistence when the rainfall continued decreasing in the season. Conclusion: Wood Thrush occupancy was best predicted by changes in precipitation considering a larger spatial scale. Its probability of persistence partially varied with precipitation. An increase in persistence closer to Spring migration might be explained by the start of the breeding season of resident birds, potentially reducing territorial conflicts and conserving energy before migration. The long-term protection of wet forests in Northern Costa Rica is of paramount importance for the conservation of Wood Thrushes in their wintering grounds.

Resumen Introducción: El Zorzal del Bosque es un ave migratoria que ha experimentado caídas dramáticas en sus poblaciones en las últimas décadas. Esta especie pasa el invierno en fragmentos de bosque con niveles intermedios de modificación de hábitat en Centroamérica. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios que detallen el uso de los bosques remanentes a lo largo del tiempo para dilucidar las amenazas que enfrenta esta especie en las zonas de invernada. Objetivo: Comprender los efectos de variables ambientales y de estructura del bosque en la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque en el Norte de Costa Rica. Métodos: El área de estudio fue el Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), ubicada en el Norte de Costa Rica, en diciembre de 2016, y en la temporada migratoria 2018-2019. Estimamos la ocurrencia y la probabilidad de detección del Zorzal del Bosque en cuatro ubicaciones de ACG (bosque seco, bosque nuboso y dos ubicaciones en el bosque húmedo) utilizando modelos de ocurrencia de una sola temporada. También estimamos la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque y la probabilidad de persistencia en diferentes meses en tres tipos de vegetación (área abierta, bosque secundario y bosque primario) en el bosque húmedo de ACG utilizando un enfoque de modelo de ocurrencia multi-estacional. Resultados: La ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque estuvo mejor descrita por la precipitación en las cuatro localidades del ACG; la probabilidad de ocurrencia aumentó con las precipitaciones. La ocurrencia media de zorzales varió con el tipo de vegetación: área abierta con arbustos y borde de bosque (0.69 ± 0.09), bosque secundario (0.46 ± 0.1) y bosque primario (0.61 ± 0.1). La probabilidad de persistencia del zorzal respondió parcialmente a cambios en la precipitación, con un aumento inesperado en la persistencia cuando las precipitaciones continuaron disminuyendo en la temporada. Conclusión: La ocurrecia del Zorzal del Bosque varió con la precipitación considerando una escala espacial mayor. Su probabilidad de persistencia varió parcialmente con la precipitación. Un aumento en la persistencia más cerca de la migración de primavera podría explicarse por el inicio de la temporada de reproducción de las aves residentes, lo que podría reducir los conflictos territoriales y conservar energía antes de la migración. La protección a largo plazo de los bosques húmedos en el norte de Costa Rica es de suma importancia para la conservación de los Zorzales del Bosque en sus zonas de invernada.

Resumen Este estudio sobre migración latinoamericana asentada en la ciudad de Tijuana, México, pretende explorar, describir y analizar la influencia de la condición fronteriza en la creación, desarrollo y persistencia de un emergente empresariado étnico y sus respectivos negocios de y para inmigrantes de las periferias mundiales. Para ello, se propone una investigación etnográfica en cinco unidades de observación distribuidas en diversos puntos de la trama urbana fronteriza, pertenecientes a empresarios gastronómicos de tres grupos nacionales: hondureños, salvadoreños y venezolanos. La observación participativa se realiza como comensal y se instrumentan varias técnicas de conversación con los administradores de dichos restaurantes típicos. Finalmente, mediante un análisis interactivo se determina la presencia de sinergias entre los negocios de inmigrantes y la región fronteriza, la cuales facilitan la existencia de estos. El resultado en su conjunto supone un primer acercamiento al fenómeno, inédito en estudios previos en México.

Abstract This study on Latin American migration settled in the city of Tijuana, Mexico, aims to explore, describe and analyze the influence of the border condition in the creation, development and persistence of an emerging ethnic entrepreneurship and its respective businesses of and for immigrants from the global peripheries. To this end an ethnographic research is proposed in five observation units distributed in as various points of the border urban weave, belonging to gastronomic entrepreneurs from three national groups: Hondurans, Salvadorans, and Venezuelans. Participatory observation is carried out as a diner and several conversation techniques are implemented with the managers of these typical restaurants. Finally, through an interactive analysis, the presence of synergies between immigrant businesses and the border region is determined, which facilitate the existence of such businesses. The overall result is a first approach to the phenomenon, unpublished in previous studies in Mexico.

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to examine the dimension of persistence as an analytical category for collective action. For this, the results of a doctoral thesis are presented. There, the processes of political subjectivation of young people who organize and support -for more than fifteen years- popular mobilizations against police violence in Córdoba, Argentina, were studied. The collective action considered was the so-called Marcha de la Gorra, on which an ethnographic work was carried out with a psychosocial perspective. In addition to the preparation of field notes, in-depth interviews and short interviews, called ongoing conversations, were conducted. More than sixty young activists participated in these instances. From the production of data and analysis in a sustained manner, the dimension of the persistence of the March was gaining analytical significance. After eight years of duration, the longitudinal study allowed to consider the qualitative value of the persistence of collective action and its implication on the subjectivity of young people. Likewise, it was shown as a key dimension in the establishment of connections between the action in the public space and their daily territories.

Resumen El propósito del trabajo es examinar la dimensión de la persistencia como categoría analítica de la acción colectiva. Para ello, se presentan los resultados de una tesis de doctorado en la que se abordaron los procesos de subjetivación política de jóvenes que organizan y sostienen -desde hace más de quince años- movilizaciones populares frente a la violencia policial en Córdoba, Argentina. La acción colectiva estudiada fue la llamada Marcha de la Gorra, sobre la que se realizó un trabajo etnográfico con una perspectiva psicosocial. Además de la elaboración de notas de campo, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y entrevistas breves, denominadas conversaciones en marcha. En estas instancias participaron más de sesenta jóvenes activistas. A partir de la producción de datos y análisis de manera sostenida, la dimensión de la persistencia de la Marcha fue cobrando significatividad analítica. Tras ocho años de duración, el estudio longitudinal permitió considerar el valor cualitativo de la persistencia de la acción colectiva y su implicancia en la subjetividad de las y los jóvenes. Asimismo, se mostró como una dimensión clave en el establecimiento de conexiones entre la acción en el espacio público y sus territorios cotidianos.

Abstract: In 1991 the dissolution of the Soviet Union marked the orthodox end of the cold war, whose main ideological axis, containment of communism under the logic of being an “external threat”, lost its main antagonist. However, this work exposes the continuity of that logic in the post-Soviet period. Using primary sources this article traces the historical origin of the anti-communist imaginary against an “external threat”, its instrumental exacerbation in the cold war in Latin America and exposes the presence of this practice in a post-bipolar conflict scenario: Mexicoʼs presidential race in 2006.

Resumen: En 1991, la disolución de la Unión Soviética supuso el fin ortodoxo de la guerra fría, cuyo eje ideológico principal, la contención del comunismo bajo la lógica de ser “amenaza externa”, perdía así a su principal antagonista. Sin embargo, este trabajo expone la continuidad de esa lógica en el marco histórico postsoviético. Mediante fuentes primarias (entrevistas con actores del proceso estudiado, material bibliohemerográfico y de archivo), este artículo rastrea el origen histórico del imaginario anticomunista contra una “amenaza externa”; su exacerbación instrumental en la guerra fría en América Latina y excepcionalidad mexicana. Sus hallazgos exponen la vigencia de esa práctica en un marco posterior al conflicto bipolar: la contienda presidencial de México en 2006.

Resumen Introducción: el dengue es una enfermedad endémica en el municipio de San José del Guaviare. En el 2010, el 2014, el 2018 y el 2022 se registraron epidemias. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser endémico, este no cuenta con una focalización que permita priorizar acciones. Objetivo: estratificar el riesgo de dengue en el municipio de San José del Guaviare en 2022, mediante el uso de variables epidemiológicas, entomológicas, socioeconómicas y ambientales para la planificación de acciones de prevención y control. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se categorizó el nivel de riesgo para dengue de los barrios del municipio, integrando la persistencia e incidencia acumulada de dengue, índice pupal de Aedes aegypti, estrato socioeconómico y acceso de agua potable. La categorización de cada una de las variables se realizó por terciles, se calcularon medidas de tendencia central (promedio, mediana). Para su análisis la información fue procesada y organizadas en tablas y cartografía de riesgo. Resultados: en la variable entomológica, el 43,5% (10/23) de los barrios presentaron un alto índice de pupas Aedes aegypti. En la variable epidemiológica, el 52,3% (23/44) de los barrios se categorizaron en alta transmisión. En la variable ambiental, el 76,2% (32/42) de los barrios se categorizaron en nivel de riesgo medio. Según la variable socioeconómica, el 83,3% (35/42) de los barrios se categorizaron en riesgo alto. Al integrar las variables analizadas, los barrios se categorizaron para la transmisión de dengue en: riesgo muy alto 23,4% (11/47), riesgo alto 31,9% (15/47), riesgo medio 8,5% (4/47) y riesgo bajo 34,0% (16/47). Conclusiones: en la integración final de riesgo aquellos barrios que se clasificaron en muy alto y alto riesgo para la transmisión de dengue, se deben focalizar las acciones de control, promoción y prevención del municipio. Igualmente, se debe continuar con la estratificación en períodos estacionales por cambios en las condiciones ecológicas del vector y dinámicas de transmisión.

Background Dengue is an endemic disease in this municipality, epidemics were recorded in 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022. Despite being endemic, it does not have a focus that allows prioritizing actions. The objective of this research was to stratify the risk of dengue in the municipality of San José del Guaviare in 2022, through the use of epidemiological, entomological, socioeconomic and environmental variables for the planning of prevention and control actions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The level of risk for dengue in the neighborhoods of the municipality was categorized, integrating the persistence and cumulative incidence of dengue, Aedes aegypti pupal index, socioeconomic stratum, and access to drinking water. The categorization of each of the variables was carried out by tertiles, measures of central tendency (mean, median) were calculated. For its analysis, the information was processed and organized into tables and risk cartography. Results: In the entomological variable, 43.5% (10/23) of the neighborhoods had a high rate of Aedes aegypti pupae. In the epidemiological variable, 52.3% (23/44) of the neighborhoods were categorized as having high transmission. In the environmental variable, 76.2% (32/42) of the neighborhoods were categorized as a medium risk level. According to the socioeconomic variable, 83.3% (35/42) of the neighborhoods were categorized as high risk. By integrating the variables analyzed, the neighborhoods were categorized for dengue transmission as: very high risk 23.4% (11/47), high risk 31.9% (15/47), medium risk 8.5% (4 /47) and low risk 34.0% (16/47). Conclusions: In the final integration of risk, those neighborhoods that were classified as very high and high risk for dengue transmission should focus on the control, promotion and prevention actions of the municipality. Continue with the stratification in seasonal periods due to changes in the ecological conditions of the vector and transmission dynamics.

Abstract When a building is demolished, its cohesive and planned structure fractures into countless fragments. These heterogeneous and disorganised fragments blur the boundaries between what was once private - the domestic space - and what is now public - the formerly occupied land. In 2019, I stumbled upon a family photograph amidst the rubble left by the demolition of the last towers of the Bairro do Aleixo in Porto. Constructed in the 1970s, this was a public housing estate designed to accommodate families from Ribeira-Barredo who had been displaced due to urban redevelopment. Throughout the years, the five towers have hosted a sizable and fluctuating population that has adapted and made use of this previously unconventional housing model. From 2011 to 2019, Aleixo underwent three demolition operations, politically supported by arguments citing its structural and social deterioration as justification. The first two were striking implosions broadcasted on television, whereas the final demolition, which I witnessed, unfolded as a slow deconstruction spanning several months. In the photograph, the woman dressed in white poses on a balcony of Tower 1 within the old Bairro do Aleixo. In the background stands the phallic skeleton of Tower 4, which would be imploded decades later. Upon its unearthing, the photograph, weathered by time and circumstance, hinted at a conceptual connection with the debris surrounding it. In this article, my focus centres on this found photograph, aiming to unveil the processes and tensions encapsulated within this fragment. I draw on the ontological connections between photography and death, as well as between photography and ruin, to analyse the spectral image of this obliterated site. I delve into what the encounter with this image might reveal about the memory of the neighbourhood, its public image, and the extensive and violent process of displacing its residents. I reach the concept of a "rubble-image" as pivotal in interpreting this nearly vanished imprint that stubbornly affirms the persistence of a dissenting and complex place, supposedly erased from public space and suppressed from urban memory by dominant sensibilities.

Resumo Quando uma edificação é demolida, a sua estrutura, unitária e planeada, é desintegrada em incontáveis fragmentos. Heterogéneos e desordenados, estes fragmentos borram os limites entre o que era privado - o espaço doméstico - e o que é público - o terreno antes ocupado. Em 2019, encontrei uma fotografia familiar entre os escombros da demolição das últimas torres do Bairro do Aleixo, no Porto. Este foi um conjunto de habitação pública construído na década de 1970 para realojar famílias da Ribeira-Barredo, deslocadas por uma reabilitação urbana. Ao longo do tempo, as cinco torres abrigaram uma população numerosa e mutável que se apropriou desse modelo de habitação até então incomum. Entre 2011 e 2019, o Aleixo foi alvo de três operações de demolição, politicamente justificadas por sua degradação estrutural e social. As duas primeiras foram implosões espetaculares e televisionadas, enquanto a última, que presenciei, foi uma lenta desconstrução que durou meses. Na fotografia, uma mulher vestida de branco posa numa varanda da Torre 1 do antigo Bairro do Aleixo. Ao fundo, paira o esqueleto fálico da Torre 4, implodida décadas depois. Quando encontrada, a fotografia, arruinada pelo tempo e pelas circunstâncias, sugeria uma afinidade conceptual com os escombros que a cercavam. Neste artigo, detenho-me sobre essa fotografia encontrada, objetivando desvelar os processos e as tensões armazenadas nesse fragmento. Recorro às relações ontológicas entre fotografia e morte, também entre fotografia e ruína, para analisar a imagem espectral desse sítio obliterado. Desenvolvo o que o encontro com ela pode indicar sobre a memória do bairro, a sua imagem pública, assim como o longo e violento processo de remoção dos seus moradores. Chego à noção de “imagem-escombro” como chave de leitura para esse vestígio quase desaparecido que afirma teimosamente a persistência de um lugar dissidente e complexo, pretensamente apagado do espaço público e suprimido da memória urbana pelas sensibilidades dominantes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although most individuals recover after acute infection by SARS-CoV-2, others may suffer from persistent symptoms with potential medium and long-term consequences on the performance of activities and participation, with possible implications for their fitness for work. Objective: To analyze the persistence of symptoms twelve months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the perception of the performance level in activities and participation in life situations, of workers in a company of the industrial sector in the Aveiro Region. Methodology: An observational study, developed in an Occupational Health Service of an industrial company in the region of Aveiro, including workers with positive SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR/TRAg test, between October/2020-January/2022. After signaling the infection, the Occupational Health Team applied a questionnaire collecting sociodemographic variables, a list of common symptoms during the acute phase of infection by SARS-COV-2, and the perceived functionality assessed by the Portuguese version of WHODAS 2.0-PT12 (where '12 points' means the most functionality). At twelve months, they filled out another list of persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection and again WHODAS 2.0-PT12. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate linear regression. The analysis was conducted with the software JASP 0.16.3. Results: Eighty-five workers were infected with SARS-CoV-2, with a mean age of 36.1± 9.8years, 77.7% were male, 36.7% had higher education and 17.7% reported at least one chronic condition. At twelve months, thirty workers (35.3%) reported persistent symptoms, with fatigue (27.7%) and arthralgia (14.4%) being the most mentioned. The mean WHODAS 2.0 in the two evaluation moments was 19.2±8.0 vs 15.7±5.0. Significant associations between WHODAS 2.0 items and persistent symptoms of fatigue, headache, cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and previous chronic disease were found. Conclusions: Persistent symptoms twelve months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection have repercussions on workers' self-perception of performance in some activities and participation in life situations. The occupational health team can implement continuous surveillance of the infected worker's health, assess the presence of persistent symptoms of this infection, and implement an individualized rehabilitation program, which minimizes the impact of the persistence of symptoms on their work performance, and in activities and participation in life situations.

RESUMO Introdução: Embora a maioria dos indivíduos recupere após a infeção aguda por SARS-CoV-2, outros podem apresentar sintomas persistentes com potenciais consequências a médio e longo prazo no desempenho de atividades e participação, com eventuais implicações na sua aptidão para o trabalho. Objetivo: Analisar a persistência de sintomas aos doze meses após infeção por SARS-CoV-2 e perceção do nível de desempenho em atividades e participação em situações de vida de trabalhadores do setor industrial numa empresa da Região de Aveiro. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, desenvolvido num Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional de uma empresa industrial da região de Aveiro, incluindo trabalhadores com teste SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR/TRAg positivo, entre outubro/2020-janeiro/2022. Após sinalização da infeção, a Equipa de Saúde Ocupacional aplicou um questionário recolhendo as variáveis sociodemográficas, uma lista de sintomas comuns durante a fase aguda da infeção por SARS-COV-2 e a funcionalidade percebida avaliada pela versão portuguesa da WHODAS 2.0-PT12 (onde '12 pontos' significa a maior funcionalidade). Aos doze meses, preencheram outra lista de sintomas persistentes após a infeção por SARS-CoV-2 e novamente a WHODAS 2.0-PT12. A análise dos dados incluiu estatística descritiva e regressão logística univariada e multivariada. A condução da análise foi realizada com o software JASP 0,16.3. Resultados: Oitenta e cinco trabalhadores encontravam-se infetados com SARS-CoV-2, com idade média de 36,1±9,8anos, 77,7% eram do sexo masculino, 36,7% possuíam escolaridade superior e 17,7% relataram pelo menos uma condição crónica. Aos doze meses, trinta trabalhadores (35,3%) relataram sintomas persistentes, sendo a fadiga (27,7%) e artralgia (14,4%) os mais mencionados. A média da WHODAS 2.0 nos dois momentos de avaliação foi 19,2±8,0 vs 15,7±5,0. Foram encontradas associações significativas entre os itens da WHODAS 2.0 e os sintomas persistentes fadiga, cefaleia, tosse, mialgia, artralgia e doença crónica prévia. Conclusões: Os sintomas persistentes doze meses após a infeção aguda por SARS-CoV-2 têm repercussão na autoperceção do desempenho em algumas atividades e participação em situações de vida dos trabalhadores. A equipa de saúde ocupacional deve realizar a vigilância contínua da saúde do trabalhador infetado, avaliando a presença de sintomas persistentes desta infeção e poderá implementar um programa de intervenção individualizado, que minimize o impacto da persistência dos sintomas no seu desempenho laboral, assim como, em atividades e participação em situações de vida.

Abstract. This study shows persistence socioeconomic family level and parental education as elements that determine academic achievement in Mexico, among other reasons, due to the inequality that prevails in this country. These elements are not in students control and their influence occurs mainly in basic education. The study was made through documentary analysis of reports National Plan for the Evaluation of Learning. The findings show that these elements influence students’ scores, regardless of discipline, level or school grade; these findings corroborate corresponding research. Policies and programs to address educational quality and equity challenges have underused these reports. It is necessary to analyze these sources because help to learn more about educational processes and to find alternatives for the educational policies.

Resumen. En este artículo se muestra la persistencia del nivel socioeconómico de la familia y la escolaridad de los padres como elementos que condicionan el logro académico en México, entre otras razones, por la desigualdad que impera en el país. Esos elementos están fuera del control de los estudiantes e influyen en su desempeño, principalmente en la educación básica. El trabajo se realizó mediante un análisis documental de los reportes de las pruebas del Plan Nacional para la Evaluación de los Aprendizajes. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los elementos mencionados influyen en los puntajes obtenidos por los estudiantes, sin importar disciplina, nivel o grado escolar. Estos hallazgos corroboran lo que ha mostrado la investigación correspondiente. Las políticas y los programas para atender los desafíos de calidad y equidad educativas han subutilizado ese tipo de reportes, por lo que es recomendable estudiar estos insumos para conocer más sobre los procesos educativos y delinear alternativas para la acción pública.

Abstract: This work studies social mobility by gender at the regional and state level in Mexico. Two surveys designed to measure social mobility in Mexico are used, the 2016 Module of Intergenerational Social Mobility (Módulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional) and the 2017 ESRU Social Mobility Survey (Encuesta ESRU de Movilidad Social). An index of socioeconomic status is constructed both for the current household (children) and the household of origin (parents) based on retrospective questions from when the respondent was 14 years old. Using rank-rank regressions, we find that at the national level, women have lower intergenerational persistence and lower expected rank than men. At the regional and state level, those results are not so statistically clear. In the lower end of the socioeconomic distribution, expected ranks are approximately the same across states; however, at the upper end, it is observed that men have higher expected ranks than women in 13 states.

Resumen: Este trabajo estudia la movilidad social por género a nivel regional y en las entidades federativas de México. Se utilizan dos encuestas diseñadas para medir la movilidad social en el país, el Módulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional 2016 y la Encuesta ESRU de Movilidad Social en México 2017. Se construye un índice de estatus socioeconómico en el hogar actual (hijos) y en el hogar de origen (padres), con base en preguntas retrospectivas cuando la o el respondente tenían 14 años. Por medio de una regresión rango-rango se encuentra que, a nivel nacional, las mujeres tienen menor persistencia intergeneracional y menor movilidad social esperada que los hombres. A nivel regional y por entidad federativa esos resultados no son tan claros estadísticamente. En la parte baja de la distribución socioeconómica, la movilidad esperada es aproximadamente la misma entre entidades; sin embargo, en la parte alta se observa que los hombres tienen una mayor movilidad social esperada que las mujeres en 13 entidades federativas.

Resumen Introducción: Los niños infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) tienen mayor riesgo de presentar infecciones, incluyendo hepatitis por virus A (VHA). La vacuna inactivada contra el VHA es inmunógena en el huésped inmunocompetente. No hay estudios suficientes sobre el tiempo de seroprotección en niños infectados por el VIH. Método: Estudio de cohorte, analítico. Se incluyeron niños con infección por VIH-1 que recibieron la vacuna inactivada contra el VHA (dos dosis). Se les tomaron muestras sanguíneas para medición de anticuerpos, una 28 días después de la segunda dosis y otra 7 años después del esquema de vacunación. Se obtuvo información de carga viral, categoría inmunológica, peso y talla, y respuesta al tratamiento antirretroviral desde el diagnóstico hasta la última valoración. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 pacientes con una edad media de 12.6 años (± 2.29). El 58% fueron del sexo masculino. El 80% de los pacientes presentaron anticuerpos immunoglobulin G (IgG) contra el VHA protectores a los 7 años de la vacunación. La concentración de anticuerpos se encontró entre 13 y 80 mUI/ml (mediana: 80 mUI/ml). El 52% mostraron algún grado de inmunosupresión. No existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de seroprotección y la carga viral, la falla al tratamiento, la categoría inmunológica ni la desnutrición. Doce pacientes presentaron falla al tratamiento antirretroviral; en el 33% de ellos los anticuerpos no ofrecían seroprotección satisfactoria. Conclusiones: A 7 años posvacunación, el 80% de los niños con VIH mantienen títulos de seroprotección frente al VHA.

Abstract Background: HIV-infected children have a higher risk of presenting infections, including the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The inactivated HAV vaccine is immunogenic in immunocompetent hosts; however, there are insufficient studies on the duration of seroprotection in HIV-infected children. Methods: An analytical cohort study was conducted. HIV-1-infected children who received the inactivated HAV vaccine (2 doses) were included. Blood samples were taken for antibody measurement, the first one 28 days after the second dose and another 7 years after the vaccination schedule. Information on viral load, immunological category, weight, height, and response to antiretroviral treatment from diagnosis to the last assessment was obtained. Results: 19 patients were included, with a mean age of 12.6 years (SD ± 2.29). 58% were male. 80% of the patients presented protective immunoglobulin G antibodies against HAV 7-year post-vaccination. The antibody concentration was found to be between 13 and 80 mIU/mL (median of 80 mIU/mL). 52% showed some degree of immunosuppression. There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence of seroprotection and viral load, treatment failure, immunological category, and malnutrition. Twelve patients presented with antiretroviral treatment failure, and in 33% of them, the antibodies did not offer satisfactory seroprotection. Conclusion: 7-year post-vaccination, 80% of HIV-infected children maintain seroprotection titers against HAV.

Resumo Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever o contexto do empreendedor do estudante universitário no ambiente de aprendizagem durante a pandemia provocada pelo COVID-19, além de conhecer os padrões de pensamento empreendedor e as suas expectativas. Um questionário foi aplicado em 662 estudantes de uma aula de empreendimento ao nível de estudos de graduação. Os estudantes estavam no último ano dos seus estudos em várias disciplinas. O questionário foi feito com base em a filosofia educativa do Work Integrated Learning (WIL), mostrando uma análise geral em função do gênero, focando-se principalmente em mulheres. Mostrou-se o contexto atual da educação e ensino virtual, as tendências da orientação de empreendimentos, e o empreendimento individual. Os primeiros resultados mostraram que a experiência laboral previa e o fato de tomar riscos são essenciais para começar um empreendimento, com o temor dos riscos sendo o obstáculo maior nas mulheres. Os pontos fundamentais destacados para um empreendimento exitoso são a liderança, a persistência, a responsabilidade e o fato de dispor com a tecnologia necessária para seu desenvolvimento. JEL: I21 Análise da educação.

Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir el contexto emprendedor del estudiante universitario en un ambiente de aprendizaje dentro de la pandemia provocada por el COVID-19, así como conocer los patrones de pensamiento emprendedor y sus expectativas. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 662 estudiantes de una clase de emprendimiento que se imparte en pregrado. Los estudiantes se encuentran estudiando el último año y son de distintas disciplinas. El cuestionario está basado en la filosofía educativa del Work-Integrated Learning (WIL), y muestra un análisis general por género, enfocado principalmente en mujeres. Se muestra el contexto actual sobre educación y enseñanza virtual, las tendencias sobre la orientación emprendedora, así como el emprendimiento individual. Los primeros resultados encontrados fueron que la experiencia laboral previa, tal como el tomar riesgos, es primordial para empezar a emprender, siendo este último en las mujeres el mayor obstáculo. Se destacan, además, como aspectos fundamentales para un emprendimiento exitoso, el liderazgo, la persistencia, la responsabilidad y el contar con tecnología para su desarrollo. JEL: I21 Análisis de la educación.

Abstract This study has as its objective to describe the context of entrepreneurship in university students in a learning environment within the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as learning the patterns of entrepreneur thought and its corresponding expectations. A survey was applied on 662 students in an entrepreneurship class at the undergraduate level. The students were on their last year of studies and belonged to various fields of education. The survey was made based on the Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) education philosophy, showing a general analysis by gender, mainly focusing on women. It includes the current context on education and virtual teaching, trends on entrepreneurial guidance, as well as individual entrepreneurs-hip. The first results obtained revealed that previous work experience, as well as taking risks, are essential to start an entrepreneurial activity, with fear to risk being the greater obstacle for women. Some noteworthy aspects for a successful entrepreneurial activity include leadership skills, persistence, responsibility and holding the necessary technology for its progress. JEL: I21 Education analysis.

Abstract. The article analyzes the experiences of Yaqui women in their access and admission to the first year of university, emphasizing the cases that implied the temporary mobility from their community to the city. In this sense, tensions caused by their belonging (Saraví, 2021) and the consolidation of strategies during this stretch of their educational trajectory (Santamaría, 2016; Bourdieu, 2001) were identified. Intersectionality is used as an analysis framework (Hill and Bilge, 2019) in reason that with this, it is possible to track the circumstances faced by the indigenous women in spaces where they represent a form of otherness. For its making, ethnographic technics based on three in-depth interviews and informal conversations with professional Yaqui women from different communities where retaken. As a finding, it is proposed that the belonging, and specially the ethnic belonging, generates tensions in spaces where they represent otherness but that also allows them to break into homogeneous and exclusion processes due the strategies, which show de potential, strength and persistence that, characterize the Yaqui women. As conclusion, generating further studies from intersectionality point of view is proposed in order to understand the educational trajectory of indigenous women from a multidimensional perspective.

Resumen. El artículo analiza las experiencias de mujeres yaquis en su acceso e ingreso al primer año universitario, en particular en los casos que implicaron la movilidad temporal de su comunidad a una urbe. Se identifican las tensiones propiciadas por su pertenencia (Saraví, 2021) y la consolidación de estrategias durante este tramo de su trayectoria educativa (Santamaría, 2016; Bourdieu, 2001). Como marco de análisis, se recurre a la interseccionalidad (Hill y Bilge, 2019), pues con ello es posible rastrear las circunstancias que las mujeres indígenas enfrentaron en espacios donde representaron una forma de alteridad. Para su realización, se retomaron técnicas etnográficas basadas en tres entrevistas en profundidad y conversaciones informales con mujeres yaquis profesionistas de distintos pueblos. Como hallazgo, se plantea que la pertenencia, y sobre todo la pertenencia étnica, genera tensiones en espacios donde representan la otredad, pero que también les permite irrumpir en procesos homogéneos y de exclusión a partir de estrategias que dan muestra de la potencia, la fuerza y la persistencia que caracteriza a las mujeres yaquis. Como conclusión, se propone llevar a cabo más estudios desde la interseccionalidad para comprender, con base en una visión multidimensional, las trayectorias universitarias de las mujeres indígenas.

Abstract Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are the most common primary lung neoplasms. Clinical manifestations can be subtle, and chest radiograph usually shows non-specific findings, often leading to delayed or inaccurate diagnosis. Despite their indolent nature, NETs have metastatic potential and can cause significant morbidity. Early diagnosis is critical for optimal management, as surgical resection can be curative. The challenge is to correctly diagnose this rare entity while avoiding unnecessary testing. Patients with suspected NETs should be referred to a tertiary hospital for multidisciplinary evaluation, and bronchoscopy should not be delayed. Herein is reported the case of an adolescent with asthma who presented with nonspecific respiratory and constitutional symptoms. The persistence of symptoms and imaging alterations despite multiple treatments for recurrent pneumonia raised clinical suspicion of a more serious underlying condition, leading to the diagnosis of bronchial NET.

Resumo Os tumores neuroendócrinos (TNEs) são as neoplasias pulmonares primárias mais comuns. O diagnóstico pode ser desafiante, pois as manifestações clínicas são geralmente subtis e as alterações imagiológicas inespecíficas. Apesar da sua natureza indolente, os TNEs têm potencial metastático e podem causar morbilidade significativa. O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para uma abordagem otimizada, uma vez que a ressecção cirúrgica pode ser curativa. O desafio é estabelecer o diagnóstico desta entidade rara evitando avaliações e exames complementares desnecessários. Perante suspeita de TNE, o doente deve ser referenciado para um hospital terciário para avaliação multidisciplinar e realização de broncoscopia. É descrito o caso de um adolescente com asma que se apresentou com sintomas respiratórios e constitucionais inespecíficos. A persistência dos sintomas e alterações imagiológicas apesar da realização de múltiplos tratamentos por pneumonia recorrente motivou a continuação da investigação etiológica e possibilitou o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de TNE endobrônquico.