Worldwide, millions of people suffer from neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are often linked to hyperactivity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain, and inhibiting this enzyme can reduce oxidative stress, stabilize neurotransmitter levels, and alleviate symptoms. In this context, a pharmacophoric model was created using PharmaGist with 31 hits extracted from BindingDB to enable a pharmacophoric-based search of potential MAO-B inhibitors in ZincPharmer’s chemical space, followed by the building of 10 conformers for each molecule in the software OMEGA, screening for structural and electrostatic similarity to safinamide using ROCS (Rapid overlay of chemical structures) and EON (Electrostatic similarity for lead-hopping), respectively. In addition, the molecular docking with Gold using the score function was performed to rank the ligands with the highest probabilities of affinity to MAO-B and then discriminate those with suitable physical chemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological features using the tools QikProp, SwissADME, and DEREK. Four potential ligands with selective MAO-B inhibitor properties were identified, which show promise as future therapeutic agents for MAO-B-related disorders. Worldwide schizophrenia depression diseases MAOB MAO (MAO-B brain stress levels symptoms context 3 pharmacophoricbased based ZincPharmers ZincPharmer s space 1 OMEGA Rapid structures Electrostatic leadhopping, leadhopping lead hopping , lead-hopping) respectively addition pharmacokinetic QikProp SwissADME DEREK identified MAOBrelated related disorders lead-hopping

Abstract Purpose: To adapt and validate in Sonora the scale to measure Attitudes towards Transgender People in University Students (EATU), which measures the inclusion of trans people in Higher Education Institutions (HEIS). Methodological design: Quantitative, cross-sectional and non-experimental study. 860 participants were selected among three HEIS, with non-probabilistic and intentional sampling. A 4-point Likert-type scale survey was applied that evaluates transinclusive attitudes. Reliability was obtained with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. For validity, the sample was randomly divided into two; In subsample 1, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out and in subsample 2, the model resulting from the EFA was tested using a Structural Equation Model (SEM). Results: The EFA yielded a final solution EATU of 32 items grouped into 3 dimensions called sensitivity, coexistence and cisexist stigma, with values that demonstrate validity and reliability. The SEM generated a model with indices of fitness in a final solution of 17 items and 3 correlated dimensions with acceptable coefficients. Research limitations: The measurement of transinclusion attitudes in a society where it has been documented that such construct is barely being developing, and the failure to collect demographic data on the sample about their religious beliefs. Findings: A measurement instrument on transinclusive attitudes for key social actors interested in promoting the inclusion of trans people, their human rights and substantive equality.

Resumen Objetivo: Adaptar y validar en el contexto sonorense la Escala para medir Actitudes hacia las Personas Transgénero en Estudiantes Universitarios (EATU) que mide la inclusión de personas trans en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). Diseño metodológico: Es un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y no experimental. De tres IES, participaron 860 personas seleccionadas con muestreo no probabilístico e intencional. Se aplicó una escala tipo Likert de 4 puntos que evalúa actitudes transincluyentes. La fiabilidad se obtuvo con alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald. Para la validez la muestra se dividió al azar en dos; en la submuestra 1 se llevó a cabo un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y en la submuestra 2 se probó el modelo resultante del AFE mediante un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE). Resultados: El AFE arrojó una solución final de la EATU de 32 ítems agrupados en 3 dimensiones denominadas sensibilidad, convivencia y estigma cisexista, con valores de fiabilidad superiores a .90 y de cargas factoriales superiores a .36. El MEE generó un modelo con índices de bondad de ajuste en una solución final de 17 ítems y 3 dimensiones correlacionadas con coeficientes superiores a .46. Limitaciones de la investigación: La medición de actitudes de transinclusión en una sociedad donde se ha documentado que tal constructo está en desarrollo y el no recabar datos demográficos en la muestra sobre sus creencias religiosas. Hallazgos: Un instrumento de medida sobre actitudes transincluyentes para actores sociales clave interesados en la promoción de la inclusión de las personas trans, sus derechos humanos y la igualdad sustantiva.

RESUMO A cor e a rugosidade de superfície das restaurações estéticas estão relacionadas ao sucesso clínico e manutenção destes tratamentos ao longo do tempo. Objetivo Este estudo avaliou a influência de sistemas de acabamento e polimento e meios de armazenamento na rugosidade superficial e estabilidade de cor de compósitos restauradores de alta estética. Materiais e Método Foram preparados espécimes cilíndricos de acordo com os fatores em estudo (n=10): 1. Tipo de resina composta (nanoparticulada- Filtek Z350XT, suprananoparticulada- Estelite Omega, nanohíbrida- Empress Direct); 2. Tipo de sistemas de acabamento e polimento (sem polimento, discos de óxido de alumínio ou borrachas abrasivas); e 3. Tipo de meio de imersão (água ou café, 3 h/dia/30 dias). A rugosidade superficial (Ra - μm) e a estabilidade de cor (L, ΔEab e ΔE00) foram avaliadas no início (pós-polimento) e no final (pós-imersão na solução). Os dados foram submetidos aos testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon e Student-Newman-Keuls (α=0,05). Resultados As resinas compostas nanohíbrida (p>0,001) e suprananoparticulada (p=0,004) apresentaram aumento em Ra pós-polimento, independentemente do sistema de acabamento e polimento. Em relação ao pós-polimento após imersão em café, a composta nanoparticulada mostrou os maiores valores de rugosidade (p=0,032). Os valores de L aumentaram para todas as resinas pós-polimento (p>0,05). A resina suprananoparticulada apresentou a maior estabilidade de cor com os menores valores de ΔEab e ΔE00. Conclusão Os sistemas de acabamento e polimento tiveram impacto na rugosidade superficial e estabilidade de cor de todos os compósitos estéticos, e sua eficácia depende do tipo de resina composta.

ABSTRACT The color and the surface roughness of aesthetic restorations are related to the clinical sucess and longevity of these treatments. Aim This study evaluated the influence of finishing and polishing systems, and storage media on the surface roughness and color stability of aesthetic restorative composites. Materials and Method Cylindrical specimens (n=10) were prepared and treated according to: 1. Type of composite resin (nanofilled- Filtek Z350XT, suprananofilled- Estelite Omega, nanohybrid- Empress Direct); 2. Type of finishing and polishing systems (no polishing, aluminum oxide discs or abrasive rubber polishers); and 3. Type of immersion medium (water or coffee, 3 h/day/30 days). Surface roughness (Ra - μm) and color stability (L, ΔEab, and ΔE00) were evaluated at baseline (after polishing) and final time (after immersion). Data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Student- Newman-Keuls tests (α=0.05). Results Nanohybrid (p>0.001) and suprananofilled composite resins (p=0.004) showed an increase in Ra after polishing, regardless the finishing and polishing system. After immersion in coffee, the nanofilled composite had the highest roughness values (p=0.032). L values increased for all resins after polishing (p>0.05). Suprananofilled composites had the greatest color stability with the lowest values of ΔEab and ΔE00. Conclusions Finishing and polishing systems had an impact on the surface roughness and color stability of all aesthetic resins, and their effectiveness depended on the type of composite resin.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematous is unknown, it is suggested that hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors can trigger altered immune responses. The Mediterranean diet, rich in whole foods, has been studied for its anti-inflammatory effects on this pathology. Objective: to analyze the immunomodulatory effects of the Mediterranean diet in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: the research was carried out by collecting information from scientific articles in different scientific article search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Scielo, Sciencia Direct, Elseiver, MDPI, Medigraphic, Medscape, ResearchGate, BMJ Journals. The search strategy was limited to articles ranging from 2019 to 2023, in Spanish and English, about the immunomodulatory effects of the Mediterranean diet in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The search terms used in the writing were verified with the MESH and DeCS descriptors, and were: “autoimmune diseases”, “systemic lupus erythematous”, “and lupus diet”, “nutrients”, “Mediterranean diet”, intervention diet”, “immunomodulatory effect”. For inclusion and exclusion, the studies were evaluated according to the PRISMA method guidelines, 28 articles were included. Results: the mediterranean diet positively impacts inflammatory markers and endothelial dysfunction. Components such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber and micronutrients such as vitamin D, A and C exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition, the relevance of minerals such as calcium, selenium and iron is studied. Conclusions: the need to consider diet as an integral part of the management of this autoimmune disease is highlighted, which complements conventional treatment and improves the prognosis of patients.

RESUMEN Introducción: la patogenia del lupus eritematoso sistémico es desconocida, se sugiere que factores hormonales, ambientales y nutricionales pueden desencadenar respuestas inmunitarias alteradas. La dieta mediterránea, rica en alimentos integrales, se ha estudiado por sus efectos antiinflamatorios en esta patología. Objetivo: analizar los efectos inmunomoduladores de la dieta mediterránea en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Métodos: la investigación se realizó mediante una recolección de información de artículos científicos en diferentes buscadores de artículos científicos como PubMed, Google Académico, Medline, Scielo, Sciencia Direct, Elseiver, MDPI, Medigraphic, Medscape, ResearchGate, BMJ Journals. La estrategia de búsqueda se limitó a los artículos en un rango desde el 2019 hasta el 2023, en idioma español e inglés acerca de los efectos inmunomoduladores de la dieta mediterránea en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Los términos de búsqueda que se utilizaron en la redacción fueron verificados con los descriptores MESH y DeCS, y fueron: “enfermedades autoinmunes”, “lupus eritematoso sistémico”, “dieta en lupus”, “nutrientes”, “dieta mediterránea”, “intervención dietética”, “efecto inmunomodulador”. Para la inclusión y exclusión, los estudios fueron evaluados acorde a las guías del método PRISMA, se incluyeron 28 artículos. Resultados: la dieta mediterránea impacta positivamente en marcadores inflamatorios y disfunción endotelial. Componentes como ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3, fibra dietética y micronutrientes como vitamina D, A y C exhiben propiedades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes. Además, se estudia la relevancia de minerales como calcio, selenio y hierro. Conclusiones: se resalta la necesidad de considerar esta dieta como parte integral del manejo de esta enfermedad autoinmune, lo que complementa el tratamiento convencional y mejora el pronóstico de los pacientes.

Resumen Este estudio se dirigió a evaluar la eficacia de intervenciones no farmacológicas más allá de las conocidas y efectivas intervenciones en el estilo de vida como complemento al tratamiento de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, factor de riesgo significativo para enfermedades cardiovasculares mortales. Entre las intervenciones evaluadas, se incluyeron las terapias alternativas, como la medicina tradicional china y la acupuntura (tres estudios), las terapias mente-cuerpo (diez estudios) y la suplementación con productos dietéticos/nutracéuticos (diez estudios). Los resultados sugieren que algunas de estas terapias pueden ser prometedoras como complemento al tratamiento antihipertensivo. Entre las terapias mencionadas, se destacan la acupresión auricular, el taichi, el yoga, el qigong y la meditación. Además, ciertos nutracéuticos y fitoterapéuticos, como los ácidos grasos omega 3, la coenzima Q10, la vitamina C, los probióticos, el resveratrol, las isoflavonas de soja, el extracto de ajo y el aceite de oliva extravirgen, pueden ser recomendados como parte de una dieta saludable, como la dieta mediterránea o DASH, reconocida por su impacto en el riesgo cardiovascular. En conclusión, en lo que respecta a las políticas públicas dirigidas al manejo integral de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, estas terapias, dentro del manejo no farmacológico, pueden complementar eficazmente el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial, brindando a los pacientes opciones adicionales para controlar su presión arterial y mejorar su salud cardiovascular. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para confirmar su eficacia y seguridad a largo plazo.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions beyond the known and effective lifestyle interventions, as an adjunct to the treatment of adult patients with hypertension, a significant risk factor for fatal cardiovascular diseases. The evaluated interventions included alternative therapies, like traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture (three studies), mind-body therapy (10 studies) and dietetic/nutraceutical supplements (10 studies). The results suggest that some of these therapies may be promising adjuncts to antihypertensive treatment. Among the mentioned therapies, auricular acupressure, tai chi, yoga, qigong and meditation stand out. In addition, certain nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutic agents like omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, vitamin C, probiotics, resveratrol, soy isoflavones, garlic extract and extra virgin olive oil may be recommended as part of a healthy diet, like the Mediterranean or DASH diet, known for its impact on cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, as far as public policies aimed at the comprehensive treatment of chronic noncommunicable diseases are concerned, these therapies, as part of nonpharmacological management, can effectively complement hypertension treatment, providing patients with additional options for controlling their blood pressure and improving their cardiovascular health. However, more research is needed to confirm their long-term efficacy and safety.

ABSTRACT Taurine supplementation has shown survival and feeding efficiency in larval fish development. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of adding taurine to the longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana) diet for 60 days. Fish (n = 270) were distributed in three treatments: T0 without taurine, T1, and T2, supplemented with taurine at 1 and 2%, respectively. Growth performance, blood serum biochemistry, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles in skeletal muscle were evaluated. Notable improvements (P < 0.05) were observed in T1 and T2 in terms of specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG). Survival rates (SR) did not show significant differences (P > 0.05). In addition, a decrease was observed in intraperitoneal fat (IPF). Still, an increase was observed in blood parameters, including higher total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) concentration, as well as a reduction in cholesterol (CHO) levels. Changes in fatty acid profiles were also detected in skeletal muscle with an increase in omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) and elevation in taurine concentration in T2. The results showed that adding 20 g kg-1 of taurine to the diet improved growth, skeletal muscle, and blood serum biochemistry. Therefore, the use of higher taurine concentrations is recommended in future studies to understand fully the extent of the benefits to longfin yellowtail juveniles.

RESUMEN La pandemia por COVID-19 ha afectado en gran magnitud a la salud mental de niños y adolescentes. En el Perú, debido a las medidas de contención, los niños y adolescentes estuvieron sometidos a dos años de educación virtual, lo que afectó aún más su desarrollo socioemocional. El uso de la Lista de Verificación de Síntomas Pediátricos de 17 ítems (PSC-17) permite obtener una detección precoz de los problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes. Determinar las características psicométricas de la adaptación peruana de la PSC-17. Se recolectaron datos de 561 escolares peruanos (53,3 % mujeres; edad media = 12,23; DE = 2,65) que completaron la PSC-17 a través de llamadas telefónicas o videollamadas entre noviembre de 2021 y enero de 2022. En el análisis de consistencia interna, el coeficiente omega de McDonald fue de 0,7098, lo que indica una confiabilidad aceptable del instrumento. Dentro del análisis estructural, el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) mostró indicadores de ajuste adecuados: CFI (0,959), TLI (0,952), RMSEA (0,037) y SRMR (0,048). La adaptación peruana de la PSC-17 presenta propiedades psicométricas de consistencia interna y validez de utilidad para la medición de problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes peruanos, presentando mejores indicadores si se ajustan algunas preguntas según la edad de los participantes.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the mental health of children and adolescents. In Peru, due to containment measures, children and adolescents were subjected to two years of virtual education, further affecting their socioemotional development. The use of the 17-item Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17) allows early detection of mental health problems in children and adolescents. To determine the psychometric characteristics of the Peruvian adaptation of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17). Data were collected from 561 Peruvian schoolchildren (53.3% female; average age=12.23, SD=2.65) who completed the PSC-17 through telephone or video calls made between November 2021 and January 2022. The PSC-17 internal consistency analysis showed a McDonald omega coefficient of 0.7098, indicating acceptable reliability of the instrument. Within the structural analysis, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed acceptable fit indicators: CFI (0,959), TLI (0,952), RMSEA (0,037), and SRMR (0,048). The Peruvian adaptation of the PSC-17 presents psychometric properties of internal consistency and validity adequate for the measurement of mental health problems in Peruvian children and adolescents, presenting better indicators if some questions are adjusted according to age.

Abstract Introduction: Care towards nutrition is essential for the quality of a sustainable aquaculture product. Since the balance in food affects the growth and production of gametes. The circular economy is made possible through the use of discarded materials. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the fatty acid composition and metabolic pathways in the gametes of Arbacia dufresnii, with a focus on the implications of incorporating shrimp byproducts into aquaculture feeds. Methods: Four different treatments were designed to maintain optimal nutritional quality, particularly in lipids and proteins, based on previous studies. The fatty acid profiles of the feeds and gametes were analyzed by using gas-chromatography, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine significant differences. Results: Significant differences were observed in the abundance (%) of omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids. The (ω-3) metabolic pathway was more pronounced in the gametes of wild animals and those fed with the experimental feeds. In contrast, the (ω-6) metabolic pathway was less relevant in these groups. The (ω-3) /(ω-6) ratio was highest in the gametes of wild animals. Feeds enriched in fatty acids enhanced their bioaccumulation in the gametes reaching higher concentrations than wild animals. The availability of fatty acids in foods allowed their bioaccumulation in gametes, with concentrations equal to or higher than those observed in animals in their natural environment for certain fatty acids. Conclusions: Incorporating shrimp byproducts in aquaculture feeds demonstrated a promising strategy for resource utilization and organic input generation. The fatty acid composition in the gametes of A. dufresnii was influenced by the diet, highlighting the potential of balanced feeds to enhance the bioaccumulation of essential fatty acids. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of sustainable aquaculture practices and the production of nutritionally enriched seafood products.

Resumen Introducción: El cuidado hacia la nutrición es fundamental para la calidad de un producto acuícola sostenible. Ya que el balance en los alimentos afecta el crecimiento y producción de los gametos. A partir del aprovechamiento de materias de descarte se posibilita la economía circular. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la composición de ácidos grasos y las vías metabólicas en los gametos de Arbacia dufresnii, centrándose en las implicaciones de la incorporación de subproductos de camarones en los alimentos de acuicultura. Métodos: Se diseñaron cuatro tratamientos diferentes para mantener una calidad nutricional óptima, especialmente en lípidos y proteínas, basándose en estudios previos. Se analizaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos de los alimentos y los gametos mediante cromatografía de gases, y se realizaron análisis estadísticos para determinar diferencias significativas. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas en la abundancia (%) de ácidos grasos omega-3 (ω-3) y omega-6 (ω-6). La vía metabólica de (ω-3) fue más pronunciada en los gametos de los animales en su entorno natural y aquellos alimentados con los piensos experimentales. Por el contrario, la vía metabólica de (ω-6) tuvo menos relevancia en estos grupos. La relación (ω-3) /(ω-6) fue más alta en los gametos de los animales en su entorno natural. La disponibilidad de ácidos grasos en los alimentos permitió su bioacumulación en los gametos, con concentraciones iguales o superiores a las observadas en los animales en su entorno natural para ciertos ácidos grasos. Conclusiones: La incorporación de subproductos de camarones en los alimentos de acuicultura demostró ser una estrategia prometedora para la utilización de recursos y la generación de insumos orgánicos. La composición de ácidos grasos en los gametos de A. dufresnii fue influenciada por la dieta, destacando el potencial de los alimentos balanceados para mejorar la bioacumulación de ácidos grasos esenciales. Estos hallazgos brindan información valiosa para el desarrollo de prácticas sostenibles en acuicultura y la producción de productos marinos enriquecidos nutricionalmente.

Abstract A number of studies have focused on the evaluation of the relationship between pre-pregnancy overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. However, given the complexity of potentially confounding risk factors, the use of graphical tools is recommended to identify possible biases. This article aims to propose a theoretical model of causality using the directed acyclic graph between pre-pregnancy overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. Methods: An extensive literature review was performed to identify variables with causal relationships with exposure and/or outcome. The choice of variables for adjustment followed the graphic algorithm that comprises six criteria for selecting a minimum set of potentially confounding variables. Socioeconomic conditions, interpartum interval, maternal age and food consumption pattern were the variables that would have to be adjusted in order to estimate the total effect of pre-pregnancy overweight on polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. The minimum set of variables found in the present study can be used in the analysis of other studies that evaluate this association. prepregnancy pre pregnancy milk However factors biases Methods andor or outcome conditions interval association

Resumo Inúmeros estudos têm se detido na avaliação da associação entre o excesso de peso pré-gestacional e os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. Todavia, diante da complexidade de fatores de risco potencialmente confundidores, é recomendável a utilização de ferramentas gráficas para identificar possíveis vieses. O objetivo deste artigo é propor um modelo teórico de causalidade utilizando o gráfico acíclico direcionado entre o excesso de peso pré-gestacional e os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. Foi realizada ampla revisão da literatura para identificar as variáveis com relações causais com a exposição e/ou desfecho. A escolha das variáveis para ajuste seguiu o algoritmo gráfico que compreende seis critérios para a seleção de um conjunto mínimo de variáveis potencialmente confundidoras. Condições socioeconômicas, intervalo interpartal, idade materna e padrão de consumo alimentar foram as variáveis ajustadas a fim de se estimar o efeito total do excesso de peso pré-gestacional sobre o conteúdo dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. O conjunto mínimo de variáveis encontrado pelo presente estudo pode ser utilizado na análise de outros estudos que avaliem essa associação. prégestacional pré gestacional poliinsaturados poli insaturados humano Todavia confundidores vieses eou ou desfecho confundidoras socioeconômicas interpartal

Abstract This study was carried out to analyze the fatty acid and amino acid compositions of three economically important freshwater fish species, Mali (Wallago attu), Raho (Labeo rohita), and Mahseer (Tor putitora), indigenous to Indus River, Pakistan.. Amino acid profiling was done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while gas chromatography (GC) was used for fatty acid analysis. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, alanine, leucine, lysine and isoleucine were the most predominant amino acid while palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1c), palmitoliec acid (C16:1c), linolenic acids (C18:2c) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA C22:6) were the notable fatty acids present in these species. Our results indicated that all species have comparable nutritional composition and are good source of healthy human diet. Our findings will help the people to make informed choice while selecting fish for consumption and will pave the way for future researchers in planning new strategies to enhance the growth and production of commercial fish species. It will also be helpful for theFrom the current finding it was concluded that all fish species under discussion are rich in amino acids and fatty acids. These species contain essential amino acids and important fatty acid such as omega3 and omega 6, thus raising the nutritional quality of these species. Wallago attu, attu , attu) Labeo rohita, rohita rohita) Tor putitora, putitora putitora) River Pakistan Pakistan. highperformance high performance HPLC (HPLC GC (GC analysis arginine alanine leucine C160, C160 C C16 0 (C16:0) C181c, C181c Cc C18 1c c (C18:1c) C161c, C161c (C16:1c) C182c 2c (C18:2c DHA C226 C22 6 C22:6 diet C1 (C16:0 (C18:1c (C16:1c C2 C22: (C16: (C16 (C1 (C

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado para analisar as composições de ácidos graxos e aminoácidos de três espécies de peixes de água doce economicamente importantes, Mali (Wallago attu), Raho (Labeo rohita) e Mahseer (Tor putitora), nativas do rio Indo, Paquistão. O perfil de aminoácidos foi determinado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), enquanto a cromatografia gasosa (GC) foi usada para análise de ácidos graxos. Ácido glutâmico, ácido aspártico, arginina, alanina, leucina, lisina e isoleucina foram os aminoácidos mais predominantes, enquanto ácido palmítico (C16:0), ácido oleico (C18:1c), ácido palmitolieco (C16:1c), ácidos linolênicos (C18:2c) e ácidos docosahexaenoicos (DHA C22:6) foram os ácidos graxos notáveis presentes nessas espécies. Nossos resultados indicaram que todas as espécies têm composição nutricional comparável e são uma boa fonte de dieta saudável para seres humanos. Nossas descobertas ajudarão as pessoas a fazer escolhas informadas ao selecionar peixes para consumo e abrirão caminho para futuros pesquisadores no planejamento de novas estratégias para aumentar o crescimento e a produção de espécies comerciais de peixes. Além disso, essas informações são úteis para concluir que todas as espécies de peixes em discussão são ricas em aminoácidos e ácidos graxos. Essas espécies contêm aminoácidos essenciais e ácidos graxos importantes, como ômega 3 e ômega 6, aumentando assim a qualidade nutricional dessas espécies. importantes Wallago attu, attu , attu) Labeo rohita Tor putitora, putitora putitora) Indo Paquistão HPLC, HPLC (HPLC) GC (GC glutâmico aspártico arginina alanina leucina predominantes C160, C160 C C16 0 (C16:0) C181c, C181c Cc C18 1c c (C18:1c) C161c, C161c (C16:1c) C182c 2c (C18:2c DHA C226 C22 6 C22:6 humanos disso (HPLC C1 (C16:0 (C18:1c (C16:1c C2 C22: (C16: (C16 (C1 (C

There is no safe and effective prevention for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) mellitus, which makes it highly dependent on its treatment. This systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials investigated the overall effects of dietary supplements of vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and non-essential compounds with antioxidant properties, fatty acids, and amino acids in IDDM. Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, The Grey Literature Report, and ClinicaTrials.gov, and citations from previous reviews were used to identify reports published through July 2023. The Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool was used to analyze the risk of bias and GRADE was used to assess the quality of the results. Fifty-eight studies (n=3,044) were included in qualitative analyses and seventeen (n=723) in meta-analyses. Qualitative analyses showed few positive effects on some metabolic function markers, such as endothelial and renal function and lipid profile. Meta-analyses showed a positive effect of omega-3 on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (RMD=-0.33; 95%CI: -0.53, -0.12, P=0.002; I2=0%; GRADE: low quality; 4 studies) and of vitamin D on fasting C-peptide (FCP) (RMD=0.05; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.9, P=0.023; I2=0%; GRADE: very low quality; 4 studies). Most studies showed bias concern or high risk of bias. A recommendation for dietary supplementation in IDDM cannot be made because of the few positive results within different interventions and markers, the serious risk of bias in the included studies, and the low quality of evidence from meta-analyses. The positive result of vitamin D on FCP is preliminary, requiring further investigation. insulindependent insulin (IDDM mellitus treatment metaanalyses meta vitamins minerals elements nonessential non essential properties MEDLINE Embase CENTRAL LILACS Report ClinicaTrialsgov ClinicaTrials gov ClinicaTrials.gov 2023 RoB2 RoB (RoB2 Fiftyeight Fifty eight n=3,044 n3044 n 3 044 (n=3,044 n=723 n723 723 (n=723 metaanalyses. analyses. markers profile Metaanalyses Meta omega3 omega omega- HbA1c HbAc HbA c (HbA1c RMD=0.33 RMD033 RMD RMD= 0.33 0 33 (RMD=-0.33 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.53, 053 53 -0.53 0.12, 012 12 -0.12 P=0.002 P0002 P 002 I2=0% I20 I I2 Cpeptide C peptide (FCP RMD=0.05 RMD005 05 (RMD=0.05 001 01 0.01 09 9 0.9 P=0.023 P0023 023 studies. . preliminary investigation 202 (RoB n=3,04 n304 04 (n=3,04 n=72 n72 72 (n=72 RMD=0.3 RMD03 033 0.3 (RMD=-0.3 0.53 5 -0.5 0.12 1 -0.1 P=0.00 P000 00 I2=0 RMD=0.0 RMD00 (RMD=0.0 0.0 0. P=0.02 P002 02 20 n=3,0 n30 (n=3,0 n=7 n7 7 (n=7 RMD=0. RMD0 03 (RMD=-0. 0.5 -0. 0.1 P=0.0 P00 I2= (RMD=0. n=3, n3 (n=3, n= (n= RMD=0 (RMD=-0 -0 P=0. P0 (RMD=0 n=3 (n=3 (n (RMD=- - P=0 (RMD= P= (RMD

Objective: To design and validate a Brazilian version of the Animal Empathy Scale, based on the existing Portuguese version. Methods: Content validity assessment was performed by expert judges, and the adapted scale was administered to a sample of 386 participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Results: The bifactorial profile of the scale remained consistent, comprising Empathic Concern for Animals (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients: 0.75) and Emotional Attachment with Animals (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients: 0.79). Considering the One Health framework, collaborative, multidisciplinary, and intersectoral approaches are essential for achieving optimal health conditions for people, animals, and the environment given their intricate interconnections. Empathy plays a crucial role in promoting proximity between humans and animals, fostering positive connections that encourage biodiversity conservation. Conclusion: The 13 statements were retained, confirming the validity of the animal empathy scale for use in Brazil, and a Brazilian version of the Animal Empathy Scale was established. Objective Methods judges 38 participants Results consistent Cronbachs Cronbach s McDonalds McDonald coefficients 0.75 075 0 75 0.79. 079 0.79 . 79 0.79) framework collaborative multidisciplinary people animals interconnections conservation Conclusion 1 retained Brazil established 3 0.7 07 7 0.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the dietary pattern of healthy adult and adolescent women, pregnant and non-pregnant, and relate this profile to clinical and laboratory characteristics. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was carried out with 40 women who met the selection criteria: 10 non-pregnant adults, 10 pregnant adults, 10 non-pregnant adolescents, and 10 pregnant adolescents. Dietary data were collected using a registration form, a 24-h recall, and a food frequency questionnaire. Serum levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α were determined by capture ELISA. RESULTS: The majority of women were married (22.5%), had completed high school (57.5%), and were white (47.5%). Overall, only one (10%) pregnant adult reported smoking. Dietary supplement use was reported by eight (80%) pregnant adults, four (40%) pregnant adolescents, two (20%) non-pregnant adolescents, and no non-pregnant adults. Pregnant adolescents had a higher intake of omega-3 when compared to pregnant adults and non-pregnant adults (p=0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Pregnant adolescents consumed less minimally processed foods than pregnant adults, non-pregnant adults, and non-pregnant adolescents (p=0.008, 0.019, and 0.024, respectively). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 did not show statistical differences among the four groups (p=0.229 and 0.440, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The dietary patterns of healthy adult and adolescent women, whether pregnant or not, were similar, with pregnant adolescents having a higher intake of omega-3. Pregnant adolescents ate less in natura (minimally processed) food than all the other women. OBJECTIVE nonpregnant, nonpregnant non pregnant, characteristics METHODS 4 criteria 1 form 24h h 24 recall questionnaire ELISA RESULTS 22.5%, 225 22.5% , 22 5 (22.5%) 57.5%, 575 57.5% 57 (57.5%) 47.5%. 475 47.5% . 47 (47.5%) Overall 10% (10% smoking 80% 80 (80% 40% (40% 20% 20 (20% omega3 omega 3 omega- p=0.01 p001 p 0 01 (p=0.0 002 02 0.02 respectively. respectively respectively) p=0.008, p0008 008 (p=0.008 0019 019 0.019 0024 024 0.024 p=0.229 p0229 229 (p=0.22 0440 440 0.440 CONCLUSIONS similar omega3. 3. 2 22.5 (22.5% 57.5 (57.5% 47.5 (47.5% (10 8 (80 (40 (20 p=0.0 p00 (p=0. 00 0.0 p=0.008 p000 (p=0.00 001 0.01 p=0.22 p022 (p=0.2 044 44 0.44 22. (22.5 57. (57.5 47. (47.5 (1 (8 (4 (2 p=0. p0 (p=0 0. p=0.00 p=0.2 p02 04 0.4 (22. (57. (47. ( p=0 (p= (22 (57 (47 p= (p (5

Abstract The gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa, poses a significant global threat to Eucalyptus cultivation, by causing substantial economic losses. The objective of this study was to differentiate between resistant and susceptible genotypes by morphological characteristics using image analysis based on the damage caused by the gall wasp. In addition, consensus sequences derived from transposable elements (TEs) and the genome of Eucalyptus spp. Were identified by in silico analysis. Furthermore, another objective was to discriminate Eucalyptus genotypes in response to Leptocybe invasa by conducting molecular analyses involving transposable elements and inter simple sequence markers. For image analysis, the GroundEye ® system was used to collect images of 60 leaves from six genotypes, three of which were resistant and three susceptible. Eucalyptus spp. sequences were obtained from the GenBank database by in silico analysis and pairwise alignments with TE sequences were conducted using BLASTN. Multiple sequence alignment was performed with Clustal Omega, followed by the identification of conserved regions in Jalview. A motif signature was generated using Weblogo. For molecular characterization using ISSR markers and TEs, samples of young leaves were obtained from a total of 80 Eucalyptus seedlings, of which 50 were classified as resistant and 30 as susceptible to L. invasa. It was possible to distinguish gall wasp susceptible and resistant genotypes by image analysis. In silico analysis enabled the identification of conserved regions in the Eucalyptus spp. genome, which were associated with proteins involved in secondary metabolite production, e.g., terpenes, which play a role in the response to L. invasa. The discrimination capacity of TEs and ISSR primers was demonstrated and bands were generated that could be used to identify resistant genotypes. However, increasing the number of markers required to discriminate genotypes in both cases is suggested. cultivation losses addition (TEs spp Furthermore 6 BLASTN Omega Jalview Weblogo 8 seedlings 5 3 L production eg e g e.g. terpenes However suggested e.g

Resumo A vespa-da-galha, Leptocybe invasa, representa uma ameaça global significativa para o cultivo de Eucalyptus, causando consideráveis prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi diferenciar entre genótipos resistentes e suscetíveis por meio de características morfológicas, usando análise de imagem com base nos danos causados pela vespa-da-galha. Além disso, sequências de consenso derivadas de elementos transponíveis (TEs) e do genoma de Eucalyptus spp. foram identificadas por análise in silico. Outro objetivo foi discriminar genótipos de Eucalyptus em resposta a L. invasa, por meio de análises moleculares envolvendo elementos transponíveis e marcadores de sequências simples intercaladas (ISSR). Para a análise de imagem, o sistema GroundEye® foi utilizado para coletar imagens de 60 folhas de seis genótipos, sendo três resistentes e três suscetíveis. Sequências de Eucalyptus spp. foram obtidas do banco de dados GenBank por análise in silico, e alinhamentos de sequências em pares com sequências de TE foram conduzidos usando o BLASTN. Alinhamento de múltiplas sequências foi realizado com Clustal Omega, seguido pela identificação de regiões conservadas no Jalview. Uma assinatura de motivo foi gerada usando o Weblogo. Para a caracterização molecular usando marcadores ISSR e TEs, amostras de folhas jovens foram obtidas de um total de 80 mudas de Eucalyptus, das quais 50 foram classificadas como resistentes e 30 como suscetíveis a L. invasa. Foi possível distinguir genótipos suscetíveis e resistentes à vespa-das-galhas por meio da análise de imagem. A análise in silico permitiu a identificação de regiões conservadas no genoma de Eucalyptus spp., associadas a proteínas envolvidas na produção de metabólitos secundários, como terpenos, que desempenham um papel na resposta a L. invasa. A capacidade de discriminação de TEs e iniciadores ISSR foi demonstrada, e bandas foram geradas que poderiam ser usadas para identificar genótipos resistentes. No entanto, sugere-se aumentar o número de marcadores necessários para discriminar genótipos em ambos os casos. vespadagalha, vespadagalha vespa galha, galha vespa-da-galha invasa econômicos morfológicas vespadagalha. galha. disso (TEs spp L ISSR. . (ISSR) GroundEye 6 BLASTN Omega Jalview Weblogo 8 5 3 vespadasgalhas galhas secundários terpenos demonstrada entanto sugerese sugere se casos (ISSR

Abstract Objectives Montelukast is a well-known leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used in treating allergic rhinitis and asthma. Omega-3 fatty acid is also known as an antiallergic and immunomodulator molecule. This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of systemic montelukast and omega-3 fatty acid treatment in allergic rhinitis models in Wistar Hannover rats. Methods This research was conducted on 28 healthy Wistar Hannover rats weighing 250-350 g. After establishing the allergic rhinitis model, nasal symptoms were observed and scored, and the nasal mucosa of all rats was investigated histologically. Light microscopy was utilized to evaluate the degree of ciliary loss, goblet cell hyperplasia, vascular congestion, vascular proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil infiltration, and hypertrophy in chondrocytes. Results As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the study, it was determined that typical allergic rhinitis symptoms such as nasal scratching and sneezing were significantly reduced in the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 treated group, and these symptoms did not increase after repeated intranasal OVA-protease applications. Histological examinations after fish oil treatment did not reveal typical inflammatory changes in allergic rhinitis. None of the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 groups had any increase in goblet cells, whereas 14.3% of the rats in the control group and 28.6% of the rats in the allergic rhinitis group had mild increase. Last but not least, 71.4% of rats in the allergic rhinitis group had a moderate increase. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p< 0.001). Conclusion Regarding the outcomes of this research, it was observed that w-3 fatty acids had antiallergic effects, both histopathological and clinical, in the allergic rhinitis model. We believe that further randomized controlled trials incorporating larger cohorts are warranted to verify the use of omega-3 fatty acids in treating allergic rhinitis. The level of evidence of this article is Level 2. wellknown well asthma Omega3 Omega 3 Omega- molecule omega3 omega omega- 2 250350 250 350 250-35 g model scored histologically loss hyperplasia congestion proliferation infiltration chondrocytes OVAprotease OVA protease applications cells 143 14 14.3 286 6 28.6 least 714 71 4 71.4 p< p (p 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 0.001) w3 w w- effects clinical 25035 25 35 250-3 1 14. 28. 7 71. 000 0.00 00 2503 250- 0.0 0.