Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas, citotoxicidade e bioatividade de um novo material biocerâmico pronto para uso, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), em comparação com MTA Branco (Angelus) e Biodentine (Septodont). Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-químicas de tempo de presa, radiopacidade, pH, solubilidade, alterações dimensionais e volumétricas. A biocompatibilidade, bioatividade e capacidade de reparo foram avaliadas em culturas de células de osteoblastos Saos-2 pelo ensaio MTT brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio), vermelho neutro (NR), vermelho de alizarina ( ARS) e testes de migração celular. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes ANOVA, Tukey ou Bonferroni (α = 0,05). Bio-C Repair apresentou o maior tempo de presa (p < 0,05), mas radiopacidade e solubilidade de acordo com as normas ISO 6876/2012, além de expansão linear. Bio-C Repair e MTA tiveram variação volumétrica semelhante (p > 0,05), menor que Biodentine (p < 0,05). Todos os materiais avaliados apresentaram pH alcalino. Bio-C Repair foi citocompatível, além de promover deposição de nódulos mineralizados em 21 dias e migração celular em 3 dias. Em conclusão, o Bio-C Repair apresentou radiopacidade adequada acima de 3mmAl, solubilidade menor que 3%, expansão dimensional e baixa perda volumétrica.. Além disso, o Bio-C Repair promoveu um pH alcalino e apresentou bioatividade e biocompatibilidade semelhantes ao MTA e Biodentine, mostrando potencial para uso como material reparador

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of a ready-to-use bioceramic material, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), in comparison with White MTA (Angelus) and Biodentine (Septodont). The physicochemical properties of setting time, radiopacity, pH, solubility, dimensional and volumetric changes were evaluated. Biocompatibility and bioactivity were assessed in Saos-2 osteoblast cell cultures by the MTT assay 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Neutral Red (NR), Alizarin Red (ARS), and cell migration tests. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey or Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Bio-C Repair had the longest setting time (p < 0.05), but radiopacity and solubility were accordance with the ISO 6876/2012 standards, besides linear expansion. Bio-C Repair and MTA had similar volumetric change (p > 0.05); lower than Biodentine (p < 0.05). All the materials evaluated had an alkaline pH. Bio-C Repair was cytocompatible and promoted mineralized nodule deposition in 21 days and cell migration in 3 days. In conclusion, Bio-C Repair had adequate radiopacity above 3mm Al, solubility less than 3%, dimensional expansion, and low volumetric change. In addition, Bio-C Repair promoted an alkaline pH and presented bioactivity and biocompatibility similar to MTA and Biodentine, showing potential for use as a repair material.

Resumo Opresente trabalho busca analisar numericamente a transferência de calor em prismas de alvenaria com blocos cerâmicos em situação de incêndio. Três tipos de abordagens foram consideradas: modelo homogeneizado com base na NBR 15220-2:2022, modelo detalhado com propriedades termofísicas constantes e modelo detalhado com propriedades térmicas variando em função da temperatura. Para o processo da homogeneização é proposto um programa denominado “THC NBR15220-2”. Esse programa foi desenvolvido em Matlab e calcula a homogeneização das propriedades segundo a NBR 15220-2:2022. Os modelos numéricos foram realizados utilizando o método dos elementos finitos (MEF) no software Abaqus. O incêndio foi simulado utilizando a curva padronizada ISO 834:1999. Foram coletadas as temperaturas na face não exposta ao fogo no tempo final de exposição de 4 horas. Os resultados mostraram que o prisma com maior número de vazios e menor relação área líquida e área bruta apresentou melhor desempenho térmico em situação de incêndio. O modelo detalhado com propriedades térmicas variando com a temperatura, como sugerido por normas internacionais.

Abstract This study aims to numerically analyse heat transfer in masonry prisms with ceramic blocks under fire conditions. Four prism configurations, designated as Prism “A”, “B”, “C” and “D”, were modelled. Three different numerical approaches were considered: a homogenized model based on the NBR 15220-2:2022 standard, a detailed model with constant thermophysical properties, and a detailed model with properties varying as a function of temperature. For the homogenization process, a programme called “THC NBR15220-2” was proposed. This programme, developed in Matlab, calculates the homogenised properties according to the NBR 15220-2:2022 standard. Numerical models were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) using the Abaqus software. The fire condition was simulated using the ISO 834:1999 standardised curve. Temperatures were collected on the face not exposed to fire at the final exposure time of 4 hours. The results showed that the prism with the highest number of voids and, consequently, the lowest net to gross area ratio was the one with the best thermal performance. There is a difference of 12,79% to 29,61% when compared to the reference model, which is the detailed model with thermal properties varying with temperature, as suggested in international standards.

RESUMEN. Introducción: Integrar la ergonomía en los procesos de las empresas de manufactura, resulta indispensable, no solamente para evitar los trastornos musculoesqueléticos, sino que tiene una relación directa en la productividad. Objetivos: Evaluar el riesgo de sobrecarga biomecánica de los miembros superiores, planteando un rediseño ergonómico orientado a la reducción del nivel de riesgo y aumento en la producción. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo. El análisis y cuantificación del riesgo se realizaron según los criterios técnicos de referencia contenidos en las normas técnicas, NTC 5693-3:2018 e ISO 12228-3:2007. Resultados: Con el rediseño propuesto del puesto de trabajo se obtiene una reducción del índice de riesgo de 49.5 a 7 que corresponde al 85%, y aumento en la producción del 22%. Conclusiones: La aplicación de métodos ergonómicos resulta una herramienta útil en las empresas, para conseguir el incremento en la producción con la mejora de las condiciones de salud y trabajo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Integrating ergonomics in the processes of manufacturing companies is fundamental, not only to avoid musculoskeletal disorders, but also it has a direct relationship with productivity. Objectives: Evaluate the risk of biomechanical overload of the upper limbs, proposing an ergonomic redesign directed at reducing the level of risk and increasing production. Material and Methods: Descriptive study. The risk analysis and quantification were carried out according to the technical reference criteria contained in the technical standards, NTC 5693-3:2018 and ISO 12228-3:2007. Results: with the proposed redesign of the job, obtain a reduction in the risk index from 49.5 to 7, which corresponds to 85%, and an increase in production of 22%. Conclusions: The application of ergonomic methods is a valuable tool for companies to achieve an increment in production with the improvement of health and work conditions.

Resumo A utilização crescente de cetamina para fins terapêuticos e recreativos tem motivado preocupações ao nível ambiental. Esta substância tem sido detetada em efluentes, devido à ineficiência das técnicas aplicadas nas estações de tratamento de águas residuais. Sendo que parte destes efluentes podem ser usados como águas para reutilização em práticas agrícolas, importa perceber os efeitos que a cetamina apresenta em organismos edáficos como as minhocas, facto que constitui o objetivo deste trabalho. Várias concentrações de cetamina (0, 25, 250 e 2500 µg/kg) foram testadas e avaliados os efeitos, através de testes de fuga e reprodução, usando como modelo biológico as minhocas Eisenia fetida, tendo como endpoints o comportamento de fuga e a reprodução, de acordo com as normas da ISO e OECD. Os resultados indicaram ausência de diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre as concentrações estudadas. Em média, a cetamina promoveu a fuga e a diminuição do número de juvenis na ordem dos 11% e 26%, respetivamente, comparativamente ao tratamento controlo. Estes resultados parecem indicar que as concentrações estudadas não promovem efeitos negativos quer no comportamento como na reprodução, pelo que importa ponderar a realização de mais estudos, nos quais sejam consideradas concentrações superiores às aplicadas no presente trabalho, de modo a definir níveis de risco em ambiente edáfico.

Abstract The increasing use of ketamine for therapeutic and recreational purposes has increased the environmental concerns. This substance has been detected in treated effluents, due to the inefficiency of treatments applied in wastewater treatment plants. Since part of these effluents can be used as water for reuse in agricultural practices, it is important to understand the effects of ketamine on edaphic organisms such as earthworms, which is the objective of the present work. Various concentrations of ketamine (0, 25, 250 and 2500 µg/kg) were tested and the effects evaluate by avoidance and reproduction tests, using Eisenia fetida as a biological model, considered the avoidance behaviour and reproduction as endpoints, according to ISO and OECD guidelines. The results indicated no significant differences (p>0.05) between the concentrations studied. On average, ketamine promoted an escape and a decrease in the number of juveniles in the order of 11% and 26%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. These results seem to indicate no negative effects of the studied concentrations on behaviour and reproduction of earthworms. More studies are needed, with higher concentrations than those applied in the present work in order to define risk levels in edaphic environment.

ABSTRACT The ISO/IEC 17025 standard is the international reference, developed with the goal of establishing requirements to accredit the Quality Management System and Technical Competence of testing and/or calibration laboratories. The third edition of 2017 presents an important transformation, adapting to the high-level structure of the standards for ISO management systems to greater orientation of the process and the implementation of thinking and action based on risk, substituting preventive actions for risk analysis in several of your requirements. The analytical services of the Scientific-Technical Services Management DECA Group Laboratory, of the National Center for Scientific Research, are covered by a management system in accordance with NC-ISO/IEC 17025:2017, which guarantees the validity of the results test and sustainable satisfaction of customer expectations, and is accredited by the National Accreditation Body of the Republic of Cuba. The objective of this work was to implement a methodology for management of risks and opportunities associated with the activities of the Laboratory, satisfying the requirements of the standard. A brainstorming was carried out, the internal and external factors that may limit the achievement of the Laboratory's objectives were identified, a SWOT matrix was drawn up, and the interested parties and their expectations were identified. The implemented procedure makes it possible to identify risks and opportunities in the context of laboratory operations, analyze the probability of occurrence, the consequences and, according to the level of risk or opportunity, take actions proportional to the potential impact that they may have, taking into account the validity of the laboratory test results.

RESUMEN La norma ISO/IEC 17025 es la referencia internacional, desarrollada con el objetivo de establecer requisitos para acreditar el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad y la Competencia Técnica de los Laboratorios de ensayo y/o calibración. La tercera edición del 2017, presenta una transformación importante, adaptándose a la estructura de alto nivel de las normas para sistemas de gestión de ISO, con una mayor orientación del proceso, la implementación del pensamiento y la acción basados en el riesgo, sustituyendo las acciones preventivas por el análisis de riesgo en varios de sus requisitos. Los servicios analíticos del Laboratorio Grupo de Gestión de los Servicios Científico-Técnicos DECA, del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas, están cubiertos por un Sistema de Gestión de acuerdo con la NC-ISO / IEC 17025: 2017, que garantiza la validez de los resultados de ensayo y la satisfacción sostenible de las expectativas del cliente y está acreditado por el Órgano Nacional de Acreditación de la República de Cuba. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo implementar una metodología para abordar la gestión de los riesgos y las oportunidades asociados con las actividades del Laboratorio, satisfaciendo requisitos de la norma. Se realizó una tormenta de ideas, se identificaron los factores internos y externos que pueden limitar el logro de los objetivos del Laboratorio, se confeccionó una matriz de debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas y oportunidades, se identificaron las partes interesadas y sus expectativas. La metodología implementada permitió identificar los riesgos y las oportunidades en el contexto de las operaciones del Laboratorio, analizar la probabilidad de ocurrencia, las consecuencias y, de acuerdo con el nivel del riesgo o la oportunidad, tomar acciones proporcionales al impacto potencial que estos pueden tener en la validez de los resultados de ensayos del Laboratorio.

RESUMO O tempo de presa dos cimentos dentários são um parâmetro clínico importante, pois estima o tempo disponível para a realização do tratamento pós preparação do cimento, que não pode ser longo ou curto. Atualmente, esse parâmetro pode ser determinado usando as normas ISO 6876/2001 e ADA 57/2000. Essas técnicas utilizam a agulha de Gilmore e realizam apenas uma análise superficial para determinar o tempo de pega, não sendo possível indicar se o cimento secou completamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tempo de pega utilizando o método da cavidade ressonante de cimentos à base de Hidroxiapatita (Hap) e galactomanana (Gal) extraídos de sementes de Adenanthera pavonina L. Foram preparados dois compostos: HAG (75% HAp e 25% Gal em peso como fase sólida e 0,30 mL de água destilada como fase líquida) e HAGJET (75% Hap, 2% em peso de pó de Gal com 0,10 mL de catalisador comercial JET (metacrilato de metil e dimetil-p-toluidina) e 0,20 mL de água destilada). A fase sólida em cada material foi dissolvido no líquido correspondente para cada composto formado. A inserção dos cimentos HAG e HAGJET gerou uma perturbação no campo elétrico devido à presença de água livre na amostra, onde esta perturbação diminui à medida que o cimento endurece devido à a evaporação dessa água livre. De acordo com os resultados, o cimento HAG teve o maior tempo de pega devido à ausência do ativador químico na sua preparação, enquanto o cimento HAGJET, que teve ativador em seu processamento, apresentou tempo de pega menor em ambas as técnicas.

ABSTRACT The setting time of dental cements is an important clinical parameter, as it estimates the time available to carry out the post-cement treatment, which cannot be long or short. Currently, this parameter can be determined using the ISO 6876/2001 and ADA 57/2000 standards. These techniques use the Gilmore needle and perform only a superficial analysis to determine the setting time, and it is not possible to indicate whether the cement has completely dried. The objective of this work was to determine the setting time using the resonant cavity method of cements based on Hydroxyapatite (Hap) and galactomannan (Gal) extracted from Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds. Two compounds were prepared: HAG (75% HAp and 25% Gal by weight as solid phase and 0.30 mL of distilled water as liquid phase) and HAGJET (75% Hap, 2% by weight of Gal powder with 0.10 mL of commercial catalyst JET (methyl dimethyl methacrylate) p-toluidine) and 0.20 ml of distilled water). The solid phase in each material was dissolved in the liquid corresponding to each compound formed. The insertion of HAG and HAGJET cements generated a disturbance in the electric field due to the presence of free water in the sample, where this disturbance decreases as the cement hardens due to the evaporation of this free water. According to the results, the HAG cement had the longest setting time due to the absence of the chemical activator in its preparation, while the HAGJET cement, which had the activator in its processing, presented the lowest setting time in both techniques.

Abstract Visual inspection is the first parameter of the quality of materials, especially when it comes to wood, which has natural defects, such as Pinus wood. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the growth rings and the physical-mechanical characteristics of the Loblolly and Slash pine wood. 250 wooden specimens were used, with dimensions of approximately 89 mm³ × 39 mm³ × 90 mm³. To determine the proportion of the area and thickness of the latewood in the growth rings, the faces of the specimens were scanned, and the proportion of the area of the latewood/earlywood was quantified by means of analyzer software. The specimens were separated by the number of growth rings and their form of presentation in the transversal plane, totaling five treatments. Then, tests of compression perpendicular to grain were carried out using four different methods (ABNT - Fc, 90, ISO - F c, 90, ASTM - Fc, 90, ABNT- Ec, 90). As a result, a significant difference was found between the means of the five treatments used for compression perpendicular to grain. The mathematical models found were less fit. In conclusion, the apparent wood density was explained, in part, by the number of years of growth, as well as the proportion and thickness of the latewood. The normal compressive strength of the fibers showed a significant difference between the ISO 13910, NBR 7190, and ASTM D143 standards.

Resumo A inspeção visual é o primeiro parâmetro de qualidade dos materiais, sobretudo, quando se refere à madeira, que possui defeitos naturais, a exemplo da madeira de Pinus. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação dos anéis de crescimento e as características físico-mecânicas da madeira de Pinus taeda e Pinus elliottii. Foram utilizados 250 corpos de prova de madeira, com dimensões, aproximadamente, de 89 mm³ × 39 mm³ × 90 mm³. Para a determinação da proporção da área e espessura do lenho tardio nos anéis de crescimento, as faces dos corpos de prova foram escaneadas, e a proporção da área de lenho tardio/inicial quantificada por meio de software analisador. Os corpos de prova foram separados pelo número de anéis de crescimento e sua forma de apresentação no plano transversal, totalizando cinco tratamentos. Em seguida, foram realizados ensaios de resistência de compressão normal às fibras por meio de quatro diferentes métodos (ABNT - Fc,90, ISO - Fc,90, ASTM - Fc,90, ABNT- Ec,90). Como resultado, foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as médias dos cinco tratamentos utilizados para a resistência à compressão normal às fibras. Os modelos matemáticos encontrados foram menos ajustados. Em conclusão, a densidade aparente da madeira foi explicada, parcialmente, pelos números de anéis de crescimento, pela proporção de lenho tardio e pela espessura de lenho tardio. A resistência à compressão normal às fibras mostrou diferença significativa entre as normas ISO 13910, NBR 7190 e ASTM D143.

ABSTRACT Achieving the alignment of information technology and business is a current problem for organizations due to accelerated changes in the business and technological context. Based on this, tools have been designed that focus, fundamentally, on conceptualizing, measuring or evaluating alignment, considering it as a management process that can be used in improvement projects. The methods used were the review and analysis of the literature, observation and sequential experimentation. The main result was the model and procedure that allows its execution in accordance with good practices to align IT-business, international standards ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 and models of excellence in management.

RESUMEN Lograr la alineación de las tecnologías de la información y el negocio es un problema actual de las organizaciones debido a los cambios acelerados del contexto empresarial y tecnológico. En función de ello, se han concebido herramientas que se centran, fundamentalmente, en conceptualizar, medir o evaluar la alineación, considerándola como un proceso de gestión que puede ser utilizado en los proyectos de mejora. Los métodos utilizados fueron la revisión y el análisis de la literatura, la observación y la experimentación secuencial. Como resultado principal se obtuvo el modelo y el procedimiento que permite su ejecución en correspondencia con las buenas prácticas para alinear TI-negocio, las normas internacionales ISO 9001 e ISO 9004 y los modelos de excelencia en la gestión.

Resumen El comisionamiento de plantas nuevas es una parte fundamental del proceso de producción energía, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar una metodología que permita Mejorar el Comisionamiento de las plantas eólicas y solares fotovoltaicas, para esto se tomaron las normas ISO 55000:2014 e ISO 14224:2016 y con esto se tiene como resultado una metodología de cuatro fases: Fase 1: Norma ISO 14224 Taxonomía. Fase 2: Norma ISO 31000 Criticidad. Fase 3: Metodología RCM (Reliability Centred Maintenance). Fase 4: Aportes de las fases a los requisitos de norma ISO 55001. Se concluye que al aplicar esta metodología se mejora el comisionamiento de las plantas eólicas y solares fotovoltaicas.

Abstract The commissioning of new plants is a fundamental part of the energy production process, the objective of this article is to present a methodology that allows Improving the Commissioning of wind and solar photovoltaic plants, for this the ISO 55000: 2014 and ISO 14224 standards were taken: 2016 and this results in a four-phase methodology: Phase 1: ISO 14224 Taxonomy Standard. Phase 2: ISO 31000 Standard Criticality. Phase 3: RCM (Reliability Centred Maintenance) Methodology. Phase 4: Contributions of the phases to the requirements of the ISO 55001 standard. It is concluded that by applying this methodology the commissioning of wind and solar photovoltaic plants is improved.

Resumo O comissionamento de novas usinas é parte fundamental do processo de produção de energia, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma metodologia que permita o Melhoria do Comissionamento de usinas eólicas e solares fotovoltaicas, para isso foram adotadas as normas ISO 55000: 2014 e ISO 14224: 2016 e isso resulta em uma metodologia de quatro fases: Fase 1: Padrão de Taxonomía ISO 14224 Fase 2: Criticidade do padrão ISO 31000 Fase 3: Metodologia RCM (Manutenção Centrada em Confiabilidade) Fase 4: Contribuições das fases aos requisitos da norma ISO 55001. Conclui-se que com a aplicação desta metodologia melhora-se o comissionamento de usinas eólicas e solares fotovoltaicas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to clarify some terms that are commonly used when talking about quality, since there are untimely terms that produce a confusion in the linkage of the quality culture. The text uses descriptive studies based on a logical historical method that allows treating quality as a system with well-defined sections in space and time. The study includes actions in favor of quality that are not part of the philosophy of quality, but they helped to formalize important documents for human beings. An outline is made of the ISO 9000 family and its emergence and further development. Finally, the different quality terms were clarified, and the stages are differentiated without confusion.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es esclarecer algunos términos que comúnmente se utilizan cuando se habla de la calidad pues hay términos a destiempo que producen una confusión en el eslabonamiento de la cultura de la calidad. En el texto se utiliza estudios descriptivos basado en un método histórico lógico que permite tratar a la calidad como un sistema con secciones bien definidas en espacio y tiempo. El estudio abarca acciones en favor de la calidad que no forman parte de la filosofía de calidad pero ayudaron a la formalización de documentos importantes para los seres humanos. Se hace un esbozo de la familia ISO 9000 y su surgimiento y desarrollo posterior. Finalmente queda esclarecido los diferentes términos de la calidad y se diferencias las etapas sin confusión.

ABSTRACT In times of pandemic the Pymes have had to adapt, which makes evident to innovate with new investigations, this investigation is the result of carrying out a computer audit inside the company "PROMAELEC" of the city of Quevedo, in time of covid-19, allowing to know the current computer reality of the company, investigation that raised "how to know the current computer situation of the company PROMAELEC". This research proposed "how to know the current IT situation of the company PROMAELEC", through the use of IT audit methodologies, including the preliminary study, review and evaluation, scope, audit approach, helping to break down the problem and define a proposal that improved the processes allowing to maintain its activities in the market with an improvement of the administrative management in an automated way.

RESUMEN En tiempos de pandemia las Pymes han tenido que adaptarse, lo cual hace evidente innovar con nuevas investigaciones, esta investigación es el resultado de realizar una auditoría informática dentro de la empresa “PROMAELEC” de la ciudad de Quevedo, en tiempo de covid-19, permitiendo conocer la realidad actual informática de la empresa, investigación que planteó “como conocer la situación actual informática de la empresa PROMAELEC”, problemática que mediante el uso de metodologías de auditoría informática entre ellos el estudio preliminar, la revisión y evaluación, el alcance, el enfoque de la auditoria, ayudando a desglosar la problemática y definir una propuesta que mejoró los procesos permitiendo mantener sus actividades en el mercado con un mejoramiento de la gestión administrativa de manera automatizada.

ABSTRACT The objective of the work was to study the technical-operational parameters of the electric central pivot machines and their relationship with the norms of water delivery to crops. For the analysis, seven central pivot machines were selected in three productive entities of Güira de Melena Agricultural Enterprise, which were hydraulically evaluated to know their operating status according to NC ISO 11545. The parameters studied were the uniformity coefficient, distribution uniformity and discharge efficiency as indicators of irrigation quality. The results showed that the wind has a marked influence on the evaluated technical-operational parameters, deteriorating the quality of irrigation to average values of Heermann and Hein Uniformity Coefficient of 79,39%, Distribution Uniformity25% of 64,90% and Discharge Efficiencies of 74,08%, which directly affects the low percentage of area adequately irrigated. When the gross partial norms of the operation tables for efficiencies of 85% were compared with those obtained in the field evaluations, it was possible to know that deficits in deliveries between 6 and 23 m3 ha-1 can occur in each irrigation duty.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar los parámetros técnicos - operacionales de las máquinas de pivote central eléctrica y su relación con las normas de entrega de agua a los cultivos. Para el análisis fueron seleccionadas siete máquinas de pivote central en tres entidades productivas de la Empresa Agropecuaria Güira de Melena, las cuales fueron evaluadas hidráulicamente para conocer su estado de funcionamiento según la NC ISO 11545, los parámetros estudiados fueron el Coeficiente de Uniformidad, la Uniformidad de distribución y la Eficiencia de descarga como indicadores de la calidad el riego. Los resultados mostraron que el viento tiene una influencia marcada en los parámetros técnicos-operacionales evaluados, deteriorando la calidad del riego, al obtenerse valores promedios de Coeficiente de Uniformidad de Heermann y Hein de 79,39%, Uniformidad de Distribución25% de 64,90% y Eficiencias de descarga del 74,08%, lo que incide directamente en el bajo porciento de área regada adecuadamente. Al comparar las normas parciales brutas de las tablas de explotación para eficiencias del 85% con las obtenidas en las evaluaciones de campo se pudo conocer que se pueden producir déficit en las entregas entre 6 y 23 m3 ha-1 en cada riego.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Current applications for liquid waste treatment are directed towards the study of new renewable materials, with high availability to be used as supports that act as a natural filter with very high porosity and adsorbent properties. The wastewaters of the oil activity complex composition demands the adoption of methods that use more efficient adsorbent materials to facilitate the management and final disposal of its effluents. Objective: To determine the apparent adsorption capacity of different natural materials for the treatment of oil activity wastewater. Materials and Methods: The contamination indicators determined were the Chemical Oxygen Demand, sulfides, fats and oils, for which international APHA and ISO standards were used, as well as the adsorption and kinetic isotherms of materials such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, agromena, zeolite and active mud. Results and Discussion: All the materials presented the highest adsorption capacity after 20 min of contact, with values of this parameter standing out for COD of 67 and 70 mg/g with bagasse and rice straw; and removals greater than 95% for sulfides, fats and oils with all materials. Conclusions: The highest values of COD adsorption capacity (26-63 mg/g) and sulfides (10-12 mg/g) were reached at 20 min of contact with the residual and under packing conditions, the best results correspond to bagasse cane, rice straw and improver product.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las aplicaciones actuales de tratamiento de residuales líquidos se dirigen hacia el estudio de nuevos materiales renovables, con elevada disponibilidad para ser aprovechados como soportes que actúan como filtro natural con muy alta porosidad y propiedades adsorbentes. La compleja composición de las aguas de producción y residuales de la actividad petrolera demanda la adopción de métodos que utilicen materiales adsorbentes más eficientes para facilitar el manejo y disposición final de sus efluentes. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad de adsorción aparente de diferentes materiales naturales para el tratamiento de aguas residuales de la actividad petrolera. Materiales y Métodos: Los indicadores de contaminación determinados fueron la Demanda Química de Oxígeno, sulfuros, grasas y aceites, para lo cual se siguieron normas internacionales APHA e ISO, así como las isotermas de adsorción y cinética de materiales como bagazo de caña, paja de arroz, agromena, zeolita y lodo activo. Resultados y Discusión: Todos los materiales presentaron la mayor capacidad de adsorción a los 20 min de contacto, destacándose bajo condiciones de empaque valores de este parámetro para DQO de 67 y 70 mg/g con el bagazo y la paja de arroz; y remociones superiores al 95% para sulfuros, grasas y aceites con todos los materiales. Conclusiones: Se alcanzaron los mayores valores de capacidad de adsorción de DQO (26-63 mg/g) y de sulfuros (10-12 mg/g) a 20 min de contacto con el residual y bajo condiciones de empaque, los mejores resultados corresponden al bagazo de caña, la paja de arroz y el producto mejorador.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas, a citocompatibilidade e a atividade antibiofilme de um novo cimento endodôntico à base de silicato de cálcio, Sealer Plus BC (MK Life, Brasil), em comparação com TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, Suíça) e AH Plus (Dentsply, Alemanha). O tempo de presa e o escoamento foram avaliados com base nas normas ISO 6876. O pH foi avaliado após diferentes períodos, e a radiopacidade por análise radiográfica (mmAl). A solubilidade (% de perda de massa) e alteração volumétrica (por micro-CT) foram avaliadas após 30 dias de imersão em água destilada. Citocompatibilidade foi avaliada pelos ensaios metiltetrazólio (MTT) e vermelho neutro (NR), após exposição das células Saos-2 ao extrato de cimento por 24 horas. Análise adicional foi realizada através do ensaio MTT após 1, 3 e 7 dias de exposição das células Saos-2 aos extratos dos cimentos na diluição de 1:8. Atividade antibiofilme contra Enterococcus faecalis e/ou Candida albicans foi avaliada pelos ensaios cristal violeta e contato direto modificado. As propriedades físico-químicas foram analisadas utilizando os testes ANOVA e Tukey; MTT e NR foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA e Bonferroni; os ensaios antimicrobianos foram analisados pelos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (α=0.05). Sealer Plus BC apresentou tempo de presa, radiopacidade e escoamento adequados, além de capacidade de alcalinização. Sealer Plus BC foi significantemente mais solúvel que AH Plus (p<0.05) e apresentou alteração volumétrica similar à de AH Plus e TotalFill BC (p>0.05). Sealer Plus BC apresentou atividade antibiofilme, sem efeito citotóxico. Como conclusão, embora Sealer Plus BC apresente maior solubilidade, este cimento apresentou propriedades físico-químicas adequadas, citocompatibilidade e atividade antibiofilme.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility and antibiofilm activity of a new calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer, Sealer Plus BC (MK Life, Brazil), in comparison with TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, Switzerland) and AH Plus (Dentsply, Germany). Setting time and flow were evaluated based on ISO 6876 standard. The pH was evaluated after different periods, and radiopacity by radiographic analysis (mmAl). Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) were assessed after 30 days of immersion in distilled water. Cytocompatibility was assessed by methyltetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, after exposure of Saos-2 cells to the sealer extract for 24 h. An additional analysis was performed by using MTT assay after 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure of Saos-2 to the sealers 1:8 dilution extracts. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis and/or Candida albicans was evaluated by crystal violet assay and modified direct contact test. The physicochemical properties were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey tests; MTT and NR data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests; the antimicrobial tests were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α=0.05). Sealer Plus BC had proper setting time, radiopacity, flow and alkalization capacity. Sealer Plus BC was significantly more soluble than AH Plus (p<0.05) and presented volumetric change similar to AH Plus and TotalFill BC (p>0.05). Sealer Plus BC presented antibiofilm activity and no cytotoxic effect. In conclusion, although Sealer Plus BC had higher solubility, this sealer showed proper physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and antibiofilm activity.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The initial treatment of cervicalgia due to degeneration of the intervertebral discs is conservative, but in case of failure, discectomy is the usual surgical option, replacing the disc with a bone graft or another structure that fully or partially fulfills the functions of the former. The Neurosurgery Service of the Camilo Cienfuegos General Hospital in Cuba has designed a new cervical intervertebral disc prosthesis model to treat this disease. Objective: To evaluate the mechanical performance of the prosthesis designed through the finite element method under the usual loads of the cervical spine. Material and Methods: An experimental study was carried out using numerical simulation according to the finite element method, subjecting the prosthesis to the axial loads recommended by ASTM F2423-11e ISO 18192-1.2011 standards using Free CAD 0.18 software. Results: The greatest efforts supported by the prosthesis in the neutral position, anterior flexion and lateral flexion were 28.79 MPa, 52.29 MPa and 55.59 MPa, respectively. The prosthesis did not suffer any fracture as it did not exceed the values prior to the elastic limit of the material that constitutes it. The greatest deformation described was 1 μm. Conclusions: The highest concentration of efforts in the prosthesis was located at the point of contact of the prismatic cavity of the upper part when making contact with the prism of the lower part. The designed device did not undergo any significant deformation or fracture at the applied loads.

RESUMEN Introducción: El tratamiento inicial de la cervicalgia por degeneración de los discos intervertebrales es conservador, pero en caso de fallo la discectomía es la opción quirúrgica habitual, sustituyendo el disco por un injerto óseo u otra estructura que cumpla total o parcialmente las funciones del primero. El Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital General “Camilo Cienfuegos” de Cuba ha diseñado un nuevo modelo de prótesis de disco intervertebral cervical para tratar esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño mecánico de la prótesis diseñada a través del método de los elementos finitos bajo las cargas habituales de la columna cervical. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental mediante la simulación numérica, según el método de los elementos finitos, sometiendo la prótesis a las cargas axiales recomendadas por las normas ASTM F2423-11e ISO 18192-1.2011 mediante el software Free CAD 0.18. Resultados: Los mayores esfuerzos soportados por la prótesis en la posición neutral, flexión anterior y flexión lateral fueron de 28.79 MPa, 52.29 MPa y 55.59 MPa respectivamente. La prótesis no sufrió ninguna fractura al no sobrepasar los valores anteriores al límite elástico del material que la constituye. La mayor deformación descrita fue de 1 μm. Conclusiones: La mayor concentración de esfuerzos en la prótesis se ubicó en el punto de contacto de la cavidad prismática de la pieza superior al hacer contacto con el prisma de la pieza inferior. El dispositivo diseñado no sufrió ninguna deformación significativa ni se fracturó ante las cargas aplicadas.