RESUMO Introdução: Aparelhos ortodônticos fixos facilitam a adesão microbiana e o acúmulo de placa bacteriana. Embora a clorexidina tenha provado ser o agente antiplaca e antigengivite mais eficaz, ela apresenta vários efeitos colaterais. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a eficácia dos enxaguantes bucais com nanopartículas de prata (NPP) e com clorexidina (CHX) na redução da contagem microbiana e na melhoria da saúde bucal durante o tratamento ortodôntico fixo. Desenho do estudo: ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego, paralelo, controlado por placebo, de quatro braços, com proporção de alocação de 1:1:1:1. Métodos: Foram avaliados: a Contagem Microbiana de Streptococcus spp., o Índice de Placa, Índice Gengival, Índice de Sangramento Gengival e a Profundidade de Sondagem da Bolsa, em 80 pacientes ortodônticos em T0 (Pré-tratamento), T1 (quatro semanas após a colagem) e T2 (quatro semanas após a prescrição dos enxaguantes bucais). Em seguida, os pacientes foram randomizados em quatro grupos: G1) NanOlife (contendo NPP), G2) Chlorhex (contendo clorexidina 0,2%), G3) Placebo, e G4) controle negativo (sem prescrição de enxaguante bucal) (n=20 cada grupo). Os efeitos do tratamento ortodôntico e dos enxaguantes bucais foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: A contagem microbiana e todos os quatro índices aumentaram entre T0 e T1 (P<0,05). Eles diminuíram abaixo dos níveis basais no Gp2 e voltaram aos níveis basais no Gp1 em T2 (P<0,05), exceto pelo índice de sangramento gengival e a profundidade de sondagem da bolsa. Ambos os enxaguantes bucais mostraram efeitos terapêuticos significativamente melhores em comparação com o placebo e o controle negativo. Conclusões: Embora o enxaguante bucal com NPP tenha sido eficaz na redução de todos os parâmetros avaliados, não conseguiu reduzi-los aos níveis basais, sugerindo uma eficácia limitada. O enxaguante bucal com CHX provou ser extremamente eficaz em diminuir a contagem microbiana, o índice de placa e o índice gengival abaixo do nível basal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fixed orthodontic appliances facilitate microbial adhesion and plaque accumulation. Although chlorhexidine has proven to be the most effective antiplaque and antigingivitis agent, it has several side effects. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (SNP) and Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on reducing the microbial count and improving oral health during fixed orthodontic treatment. Trial design: 4-arm parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized clinical trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1:1:1. Methods: Microbial count of Streptococcus spp., Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Gingival Bleeding Index and Pocket Probing Depth were evaluated in 80 orthodontic patients at T0 (Pretreatment), T1 (four weeks after bonding) and T2 (four weeks after mouthwash prescription). Then patients were randomized into four groups: G1) NanOlife (containing SNP), G2) Chlorhex (containing 0.2% chlorhexidine), G3) Placebo, and G4) negative control (no mouthwash prescription) (n=20 each group). The effects of orthodontic treatment and mouthwashes were analyzed statistically. Results: The microbial count and all the four indices increased between T0 and T1 (P<0.05). They decreased below the baseline levels in Gp2, and back to baseline levels in Gp1 at T2 (P<0.05), except Gingival Bleeding index and Pocket Probing Depth. Both mouthwashes showed significantly improved therapeutic effects compared to placebo and negative control. Conclusions: Although SNP mouthwash was effective in the reduction of all the assessed parameters, it could not decrease them to the baseline levels, suggesting its limited efficacy. CHX mouthwash proved to be extremely effective by decreasing the microbial count, plaque index and gingival index below the baseline level.

RESUMO Introdução: O tratamento ortodôntico fixo é frequentemente acompanhado de acúmulo de placa ao redor dos braquetes, o que aumenta o número de bactérias periodontopatogênicas. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar as alterações ocorridas na microflora subgengival seis meses após a colocação de aparelho ortodôntico fixo. Métodos: O estudo incluiu 30 pacientes com idades entre 13 e 35 anos, dos quais foram coletadas amostras de placa subgengivaln antes do início do tratamento ortodôntico fixo e após seis meses, no espaço subgengival distovestibular dos incisivos centrais esquerdos superior (U1) e inferior (L1), e espaço subgengival mesiovestibular dos primeiros molares esquerdos superior (U6) e inferior (L6). Usando o método PCR, as amostras de materiais foram testadas quanto à presença das seguintes bactérias: Tannarela forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens e Eikenella corrodens. Resultados: Seis meses após a colocação do aparelho ortodôntico fixo, foi encontrado um aumento significativo de pacientes com presença de bactérias, especialmente na região dos molares: Tannarela forsythia (U6 T1 10%-T2 80%, L6 T1 16,67%-T2 80%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (U6 T1 60%-T2 90%, L6 T1 60%-T2 83,33%), Prevotella intermedia (U6 T1 23,33%-T2 73,33%, L6 T1 26,67%-T2 76,67%), Prevotella nigrescens (U6 T1 16,67%-T2 63,33%, L6 T1 23,33%-T2 73,33%) e Eikenella corrodens (U6 T1 26,67%-T2 63,33%, L6 T1 23,33%-T2 73,33%). Conclusão: Na fase inicial do tratamento ortodôntico fixo, foi observado um aumento no número de pacientes com bactérias periodontopatogênicas Tannarela forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens e Eikenella corrodens.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fixed orthodontic therapy is often accompanied by accumulation of plaque around the orthodontic brackets, which increases the number of periodontopathogenic bacteria. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the subgingival microflora that occurred six months after the placement of a fixed orthodontic appliance. Methods: The study included 30 patients aged 13 to 35 years, in whom samples of subgingival plaque were taken before and six months after the start of fixed orthodontic therapy from the disto-buccal subgingival space of the left upper (U1) and lower central incisors (L1), mesio-buccal subgingival space of left upper (U6) and lower (L6) first molars. Material samples were tested for the presence of the following bacteria: Tannarela forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Eikenella corrodens, using the PCR method. Results: A significant increase of patients with presence of bacteria especially in the molar region was found: Tannarela forsythia (U6 T1 10%-T2 80%, L6 T1 16.67%-T2 80%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (U6 T1 60%-T2 90%, L6 T1 60%-T2 83.33%), Prevotella intermedia (U6 T1 23.33%-T2 73.33%, L6 T1 26.67%-T2 76.67%), Prevotella nigrescens (U6 T1 16.67%-T2 63.33%, L6 T1 23.33%-T2 73.33%) and Eikenella corrodens (U6 T1 26.67%-T2 63.33%, L6 T1 23.33%-T2 73.33%) six months after the placement of the fixed orthodontic appliance. Conclusion: In the initial phase of fixed orthodontic therapy, an increase in the number of patients with periodontopathogenic bacteria Tannarela forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Eikenella corrodens was observed.

ABSTRACT. This study was focused on the investigation of the constitution of the vaginal bacterial microflora of mares, using 16Sr-RNA next generation sequencing and bio-informatics analysis. Samples were collected from the inner vaginal wall of 30 clinically healthy adult mares from various locations in central Greece. Successful reads were retrieved from 28 samples resulting to the presumptive identification of 192 bacterial species belonging to 87 genera. None of the bacterial genera or species that were detected was present in all the test samples, which indicates that the vaginal bacterial microflora of the study population is diverse. The bacterial genera detected the most in the test samples were Staphylococcus (89%) and Acinetobacter (54%). The bio-informatics analysis produced evidence of a much richer microbiota for the Greek native, compared to the Arabian and other breeds, and indicated variations in its constitution associated with the reproduction and vaccination records.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera leaf water extract on the immunity and gut microflora of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Forty female ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8) as follows: the blank control (BC) group, the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression model (CTX) group, and the low (BPL), medium (BPM), and high (BPH) dose B. papyrifera extract treatment groups. B. papyrifera leaf water extract was administered intragastrically to the BPL, BPM, and BPH groups at 2, 4, and 8 g/kg body weight, respectively, once a day for 14 days. From day 12, all except the BC group mice were injected with 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide once a day for three days. Results showed that administering B. papyrifera leaf extract significantly enhanced the levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, IgG, and IgM, compared with the CTX group. The B. papyrifera leaf extract also restored the gut microbiota composition by decreasing the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae uncultured, Lachnoclostridium, and Anaerotruncus, and increasing the relative abundances of Bacteroidales S24-7 group norank, Desulfovibrio, Akkermansia, Enterorhabdus, Blautia, and Romboutsia in the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. These findings suggest that B. papyrifera leaf extract can be used as an immunomodulator of the gut microbiota, with the potential to promote animal health.

The widespread use of antibiotics in poultry breeding has led to drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. With long-term dependence on antibiotics, immunity in poultry has decreased, increased susceptibility and seriously affecting the quality of poultry protein products and consumer health. Chinese medicinal herbs come mainly from nature and are natural products, so are called green feed additives. It has become an important substitute for antibiotics in high-quality livestock products. In this study, Wanxi White Geese were used as the research object to explore the effects of Chinese medicinal herb feed additives on intestinal microorganisms. Semen Cassiae and Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua increased the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in intestinal microorganisms of geese, and the number of OTUs increased with dosage. Semen Cassiae or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua has great influence on the abundance of intestinal microbes. The relative abundance of Clostridiales was higher than the control (feeding only the basal diet) after treated with Semen Cassiae or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua feed additives. Chinese medicinal herb feed additives inhibited Erysipelotrichales and the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichales in all treated samples was lower than the control group. Alpha diversity analysis also showed that Chinese medicinal herb feed additives promoted the diversity of intestinal microorganisms. The purpose of this study is for future research and practical application of feed additives.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the dynamics of spoilage microflora in duck meat packed in vacuum and air during 9 days of storage. In total, 72 duck carcasses were used in the study. Samples of meat (breasts and thighs, with or without skin) were analysed on days 1, 3, 6 and 9 after packaging in two different atmospheres, at a storage temperature of 3°C ± 1°C. Enterobacteriaceae, coliform bacteria, and E. coli, Total Viable Count, psychrotrophic microorganisms, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. counts, and Brochothrix thermosphacta were determined. As expected, the type of sample and storage length had the greatest influence on microbiological quality (p<0.001). Lower significance (p<0.01) was observed for the place of sampling factor - i.e. duck breast or thigh. As expected, better microbiological parameters were achieved with vacuum-packed samples. The pH value increased during storage, but the increase was minimal for the vacuum-packed samples. In all the microbiological parameters monitored, the best results at the end of storage were obtained for duck breast muscles packed in vacuum.

Resumo Vaginite aeróbica (VA) é uma infecção vaginal recorrente definida recentemente, que é tratada com antibióticos. No entanto, o uso excessivo e prolongado de antibióticos perturba a microflora vaginal saudável e leva ao surgimento de resistência aos antibióticos entre os patógenos. Esta situação levou os pesquisadores a explorar antimicrobianos alternativos. O presente estudo descreve a eficácia antimicrobiana in vitro e in vivo e as interações farmacêuticas entre óleos essenciais vegetais (OE) e cinco bactérias lácticas (BAL), isoladas de vagina sã, contra E. faecalis, um dos principais agentes etiológicos da AV. Os experimentos in vitro confirmam a boa atividade antimicrobiana de ambos os EOs de plantas e sobrenadante livre de células (CFS) de LABs. Com base na alta eficácia antimicrobiana, o óleo essencial de Moringa (MO) foi selecionado para determinar sua natureza de interação com o sobrenadante livre de células (CFS) de cinco cepas de LAB. Sinergismo foi registrado entre MO e CFS de L. reuteri (MT180537). Para validar os resultados in vitro, as respostas profiláticas da aplicação individual e sinérgica de MO e L. reuteri (MT180537) foram avaliadas em um modelo murino AV induzido por E. faecalis (MW051601). A eficácia profilática foi evidenciada por uma redução na intensidade dos sintomas clínicos, contagem de E. faecalis (MW051601) por tecido vaginal, juntamente com uma redução nas alterações associadas a AV nos marcadores histológicos de infecção em animais que receberam óleo essencial de Moringa e L. reuteri (MT180537) sozinho ou em combinação. No entanto, não foi possível observar sinergismo significativo entre o óleo essencial de Moringa e L. reuteri (MT180537). Nossos dados confirmam a importância dos experimentos in vivo na dedução de interações farmacológicas.

Abstract Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a recently defined vaginal recurring infection, which is treated with antibiotics. However, excessive and prolonged use of antibiotics disrupts healthy vaginal microflora and leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogens. This situation has directed researchers to explore alternative antimicrobials. The current study describes in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial efficacy and pharmaceutical interactions between plant essential oils (EOs) and five lactic acid bacteria (LABs), isolated from the healthy vagina, against E. faecalis, one of the major etiological agents of AV. In vitro experiments confirm good antimicrobial activity of both plant EOs and cell free supernatant (CFS) from LABs. Based on high antimicrobial efficacy, Moringa essential oil (MO) was selected to determine its nature of interaction with CFS of five LAB strains. Synergism was recorded between MO and CFS of L. reuteri (MT180537). To validate in vitro findings, prophylactic responses of individual and synergistic application of MO and L. reuteri (MT180537) were evaluated in an E. faecalis (MW051601) induced AV murine model. The prophylactic efficacy was evidenced by a reduction in intensity of clinical symptoms, E. faecalis (MW051601) count per vaginal tissue along with a reduction in AV associated changes in histological markers of infection in animals receiving Moringa essential oil and L. reuteri (MT180537) alone or in combination. However, significant synergism between Moringa essential oil and L. reuteri (MT180537) could not be observed. Our data confirms the importance of in vivo experiments in deducing pharmacological interactions.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of adding a toxin binder (TB) to the aflatoxin-infected diet on broilers’ performances. 875 day-old broilers were used based on a completely randomized design with 5 treatments: 1) Negative control (NC): Basal diet without aflatoxin; 2) Positive control (PC): Basal diet + 0.75 (mg/kg) of aflatoxin B1; 3, 4, and 5) PC + 1, 2, and 3 (g/kg) of TB. The TB did not affect the average daily weight gain (ADWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), but the addition of TB decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared to NC (p<0.05). In the starter phase, TB addition decreased the ADWG and ADFI (p<0.05). During the grower phase, the ADFI decreased with increasing different levels of TB (p<0.05). Birds that received TB had lower ADFI and FCR than those in the NC group in the finisher phase (p<0.05). Adding TB to the diet increased the Lactobacillus count compared to the PC group and the Salmonella count in the ileum (p<0.05). The results revealed that the villus height to crypt depth ratio and the villus width increased with TB addition compared to NC and PC (p<0.05). The broilers’ liver color was lighter and less yellow when 2 (g/kg) of TB were added to the diet compared to other treatments (p<0.05). As a result, dietary TB improved performance, increased Lactobacillus count, and modified liver pathology with the addition of 2 (g/kg) of TB to the diet. However, no significant positive impact was observed on immune responses.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos dos antibióticos promotores de crescimento (AGPs), di-hidrato de oxitetraciclina e fosfato de tilosina na microflora intestinal de frangos de corte. Os AGPs foram fornecidos em diferentes concentrações isoladamente ou em combinações por 42 dias de criação. Amostras fecais foram coletadas do intestino (duodeno, jejuno e ceco) de frangos de corte no 14º, 28º e 42º dias de ensaio. As amostras foram cultivadas em diferentes meios seletivos e a identificação bacteriana foi realizada por diferentes ferramentas de diagnóstico bioquímico e molecular. Os resultados mostraram um efeito significativo dos AGPs no crescimento de microrganismos patogênicos como Escherichia coli e Clostridium perfringens no intestino. Curiosamente, um crescimento prejudicado foi observado para ambas as bactérias, mostrando um efeito significativo (P <0,05) de AGPs em E. coli e C. perfringens nos dias 14, 28 e 42. Este efeito foi observado apenas e em combinação com o uso de AGPs. Os dados mostraram ainda que o efeito foi mais proeminente em combinação e com um aumento da concentração de AGPs. Nenhum comprometimento foi observado no crescimento de L. reuteri em diferentes locais do intestino e duração (14º, 28º e 42º dias). Os resultados mostraram que o uso de AGPs na dieta não tem efeito nocivo nas bactérias benéficas, no entanto, foi observado um crescimento prejudicado nas bactérias nocivas. Sugere-se que uma combinação de AGPs (OXY-1.0+TP-0.5) seja econômica e não tenha efeito prejudicial sobre o frango de corte. O uso de AGPs em uma dose recomendada e por um período de tempo específico é seguro para uso em aves tanto como promotor de crescimento quanto para prevenção de doenças.

Abstract The study was aimed to analyse the effects of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), Oxytetracycline di-hydrate and Tylosin phosphate on the intestinal microflora in broiler chicken. The AGPs were provided in different concentrations solely or in combinations for 42 days of rearing. Faecal samples were collected from the intestine (duodenum, jejunum and caeca) of broiler chicken on 14th, 28th and 42nd days of trial. Samples were cultured on different selective medium and bacterial identification was performed by different biochemical and molecular diagnostic tools. Results showed a significant effect of AGPs on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens in the intestine. Interestingly, an impaired growth was observed for both bacterium showing a significant effect (P<0.05) of AGPs on E. coli and C. perfringens on day 14th, 28th, and 42nd. This effect was observed solely and in combination while using AGPs. Data further showed that the effect was more prominent in combination and with an increase concentration of AGPs. Remarkably, no impairment was seen on the growth of L. reuteri at different sites of intestine and duration (14th, 28th, and 42nd days). The results showed that the use of AGPs in diet has no harmful effect on beneficial bacteria, however, an impaired growth was seen on the harmful bacteria. It is suggested that a combination of AGPs (OXY-1.0+TP-0.5) is economical and have no harmful effect on the broiler chicken. The use of AGPs in a recommended dose and for a specific period of time are safe to use in poultry both as growth promoter and for the prevention of diseases.

Resumo A microbiota gastrointestinal regula as funções do corpo e desempenha um papel importante na sua saúde. A disbiose leva a uma série de doenças crônicas, como diabetes, obesidade, inflamação, aterosclerose, etc. No entanto, essas doenças podem ser prevenidas pelo uso de probióticos − microrganismos vivos que beneficiam a microflora e, portanto, melhoram a saúde do organismo hospedeiro. Os probióticos mais comuns incluem bactérias do ácido láctico dos gêneros Bifidobacterium e Propionibacterium. Nós estudamos as propriedades probióticas das seguintes cepas: Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Bifidobacterium longum infantis АС-1912, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, Propionibacterium freudenreichii В-11921, Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082 В-6082 acid e Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082 В-6082 acidibion. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método de 'blocos de ágar' contra as seguintes culturas de teste: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B6643, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 63 e Listeria monocytogenes moderada atividade ATCC 7644. Uma atividade antimicrobiana moderada contra todas as culturas de teste foi registrado em Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085 e Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método de inibição do DPPH em todas as cepas de ácido lático. Nosso estudo indicou que algumas cepas de Propionibacterium e Bifidobacterium − ou, teoricamente, seus consórcios − poderiam ser usadas como culturas probióticas em suplementos dietéticos ou alimentos funcionais para prevenir uma série de doenças crônicas.

Abstract The gastrointestinal microflora regulates the body’s functions and plays an important role in its health. Dysbiosis leads to a number of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, etc. However, these diseases can be prevented by using probiotics – living microorganisms that benefit the microflora and, therefore, improve the host organism's health. The most common probiotics include lactic acid bacteria of the Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium genera. We studied the probiotic properties of the following strains: Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Bifidobacterium longum infantis АС-1912, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, Propionibacterium freudenreichii В-11921, Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici В-5723. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the ‘agar blocks’ method against the following test cultures: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B6643, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 63, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Moderate antimicrobial activity against all the test cultures was registered in Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, and Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH inhibition method in all the lactic acid strains. Our study indicated that some Propionibacterium and Bifidobacterium strains or, theoretically, their consortia could be used as probiotic cultures in dietary supplements or functional foods to prevent a number of chronic diseases.

Resumen La hesperidina es un flavonoide derivado de los cítricos con usos potenciales en la alimentación animal. Se investigaron los efectos de la suplementación con hesperidina en dietas para codorniz japonesa (Codornix codornix japonica) sobre la química sanguínea, los niveles de enzimas antioxidantes en ciertos tejidos, la histomorfología intestinal y la microflora fecal. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo de alimentación durante 35 días utilizando 300 codornices. Se dividieron en tres tratamientos según la dieta administrada: Control (0 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento); HES1 (1 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento); y HES2 (2 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento). En cada tratamiento se llevaron a cabo cinco réplicas de veinte animales cada una. Al final del periodo de estudio, se tomaron muestras de heces, sangre, hígado y tejido muscular del muslo. En sangre, la alanina transaminasa (ALT) y la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) fueron más bajas en HES1 que en el Control, pero aumentaron en HES2 (P<0.05). La aspartato transaminasa (AST) en la sangre aumentó en HES1, pero disminuyó en HES2 (P<0.05). La amilasa aumentó tanto en HES1 como en HES2 (P<0.05). Las enzimas antioxidantes GSH, CAT y SOD en los tejidos aumentaron (P<0.05). En el ciego y el colon, los tratamientos con hesperidina produjeron vellosidades más altas y criptas menos profundas que en el Control (P<0.05). La presencia de la hesperidina en la dieta para codornices no afectó la microflora en las heces. La adición de la hesperidina mostró efectos positivos en los niveles de enzimas antioxidantes en lípidos, muslos, hígado y suero, sobre la histomorfología intestinal y en la microflora fecal.

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of hesperidin, a flavonoid added to quail diets, on blood serum, enzymes in tissues, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microflora. In the study, first treatment [(control) (0g hesperidin/kg feed)], second treatment [(HES1) (1 g hesperidin/kg feed)], third treatment [(HES2) (2 g hesperidin/kg feed)] was added to with the basal diet through 35 d. The study was carried out with 3 main groups, 20 quails with 5 sub-repeats in each group and a total of 300 quails. At the end of the study, blood, liver and thigh muscle tissue and fecal samples were taken. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased in the HES1 group but increased in the HES2 group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Aspartate transaminase (AST) increased in the HES1 group compared to the control group and decreased in the HES2 group (P<0.05). Amylase, on the other hand, showed a regular increase in HES1 and HES2 groups to which hesperidin was added to the control group in hesperidin added groups (P<0.05). The tissue antioxidant GSH, CAT and SOD enzyme parameters showed a significant increase in the hesperidin added groups compared to the control group, and this increase was found to be significant compared to the control group (P<0.05). In intestinal histomorphology, in hesperidin treatment groups increased the height of villus in the cecum tissue; in colon tissue, it was determined that hesperidin added groups increased villus height but decreased crypt depth (P<0.05). Consequently, diets hesperidin with treatments positively is thought to affect the lipid, thigh, liver and serum antioxidant enzyme levels, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microflora in quail.

Resumen El síndrome de autodestilación alcohólica se define como el síndrome de destilación intestinal y es probablemente dado por el sobrecrecimiento de microorganismos que metabolizan los carbohidratos a etanol. En este reporte se describe el caso de un paciente con un cuadro clínico con síntomas clásicos del síndrome de auto destilación alcohólica, sin ingesta previa de alcohol y con mejoría clínica posterior al tratamiento médico instaurado. Es un caso muy raro y debido a su deficiente descripción en la literatura médica se intenta exponer los fundamentos básicos de la enfermedad y el desafío diagnóstico que representa. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2565).

Abstract Auto-brewery syndrome is defined as intestinal distillation syndrome and is probably caused by an overgrowth of microorganisms which metabolize carbohydrates to ethanol. In this report, we describe the case of a patient with classical symptoms of auto-brewery syndrome, with no prior alcohol ingestion and clinical improvement after medical treatment was instituted. It is a very rare case and, due to its inadequate description in the medical literature, we attempt to describe the essentials of the disease and the diagnostic challenge it represents. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2565).

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of salep species grown in different regions of Turkey on the rheological and microstructural properties of ice cream mix and the thermal and sensory properties of ice cream. For this purpose, ten different types of salep grown in different regions (Mersin, Yozgat, Muğla, Kahramanmaraş, Adana, Van, Muş) in the natural microflora of Turkey were used in a formulation of an ice cream mix. The flow behavior, frequency sweep, and 3-ITT rheological properties of ice cream mixes were studied. All samples showed shear thinning, viscoelastic solid-like, and recoverable character. The K and n values for the ice cream mixes were determined as 0.03-35.08 Pasn and 0.33-0.80, respectively, and significantly differed according to salep varieties (p < 0.05). The zeta potential values of ice cream mix samples ranged from -25.87 mV to -33.95 mV and were significantly affected by salep varieties (p < 0.05). The use of different salep varieties significantly affected the thermal properties of ice cream such as freezing point temperature (Tf), temperature range (ΔT), and enthalpy of fusion (ΔHf). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the use of different salep varieties can significantly affect the rheological, thermal, and sensory properties of ice cream, and the selection of salep varieties may be vital for the desired quality of ice cream.

Abstract This study explored effects of microbial preparation (MIP, developed by our research team) on production performance and body health of Boer goat to reveal the function of it in goat breeding industry. Compound yeast and enzyme preparation (CYP) was used to compare the function of MIP. Healthy male Boer goats (n = 15, BW = 25.31±4.06 kg) were allocated randomly into three groups as NC (Basal diet), MI (Basal diet + MIP) and CY (Basal diet + CYP). This study lasted for 71 days including 15 days for adaptation and 56 days for growth trial. Both MIP and CYP enhanced production performance such as average daily gain of goats, MIP enhanced the level of fat synthesis such as total cholesterol level significantly on day 28. As for rumen fermentation and microbial communities of goat, MIP decreased rumen pH. PCoA analysis showed that the rumen bacterial community on day 28 was significantly separated. In conclusion, MIP increased production performance, ameliorating rumen fermentation and shifting microflora. Our findings provide the evidence for the influence of probiotics on goat production performance as well as health condition. MIP, (MIP team industry (CYP n 2531406 25 31 4 06 25.31±4.0 kg Basal diet, , diet) CYP. . CYP) 7 1 5 trial pH 2 separated conclusion microflora condition 253140 3 0 25.31±4. 25314 25.31±4 2531 25.31± 253 25.31 25.3 25.

Abstract This study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus isolated from Chinese fermented food on antibiotic-induced intestinal microflora disorder during the early life of mice. The experimental strain Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) CQPC04 was isolated from naturally fermented pickles in Chongqing, China. Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) KFY02 was isolated from naturally fermented yogurt from Korla in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The results showed that LF-CQPC04 and LP-KFY02 alleviated the decrease in bacterial diversity caused by the antibiotics, maintained the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria. These results suggest that LF-CQPC04 and LP-KFY02 can be used as probiotics to alleviate antibiotic-induced intestinal microfloral disorder. antibioticinduced antibiotic induced mice LF (LF CQPC CQPC0 Chongqing China LP (LP KFY KFY0 Region LFCQPC04 LFCQPC LF-CQPC0 LPKFY02 LPKFY LP-KFY0 antibiotics bacteria LFCQPC0 LF-CQPC LPKFY0 LP-KFY