Abstract Textile sludge is a waste from the effluent treatment of textile laundries and its incorporation into alternative materials has been proposed as a possibility for its disposal. A systematic search was carried out in literature from this perspective, aiming to observe concentrations of waste material and its preparation, matrices used, technological performance and immobilization of textile waste. The matrices used were mortars, concretes and ceramic bricks, in general, deleterious effects were observed on mechanical characteristics of the materials produced. In concrete and mortars, the fineness had an impact on increase in water demand, which increased mixtures porosity; and organic matter and heavy metals, in cement hydration. Recent studies therefore proposed waste material pre-treatment as a favorable alternative. Increases in porosity also occurred in ceramic bricks, however, due to high organic matter content. Regarding waste immobilization, cementitious materials showed satisfactory performance; ceramic bricks, on the other hand, obtained some results outside the normative limits. Therefore, it is necessary to expand discussions regarding the pre-treatment carried out on textile sludge, as well as its impacts on mechanical and environmental performance.

Resumo Olodo têxtil é um resíduo do tratamento do efluente das lavanderias têxteis e sua incorporação em materiais alternativos tem sido proposta como possibilidade para sua destinação. Foi realizada uma busca sistemática na literatura nesta perspectiva, visando observar as concentrações de material residual e seu preparo, as matrizes utilizadas, o desempenho tecnológico e imobilização do resíduo têxtil. As matrizes empregadas foram argamassas, concretos e tijolos cerâmicos, sendo observados, de maneira geral, efeitos deletérios nas características mecânicas dos materiais produzidos. Em concretos e argamassas, a finura impactou no aumento da demanda de água, o que elevou a porosidade das misturas; e a matéria orgânica e metais pesados, na hidratação do cimento. Estudos recentes propuseram, então, o pré-tratamento do material residual como uma alternativa favorável. Incrementos na porosidade também ocorreram nos tijolos cerâmicos, porém, devido ao elevado teor de matéria orgânica. Quanto a imobilização do resíduo, os materiais cimentícios apresentaram desempenho satisfatório; já os tijolos cerâmicos, obtiveram alguns resultados fora dos limites normativos. Portanto, é necessário ampliar as discussões quanto ao pré-tratamento realizado no lodo têxtil, bem como seus impactos no desempenho mecânico e ambiental.

Abstract This study performed LSV simulation of two-step irreversible electron oxidation with the intermediate (E↓E), which was immobilized on the electrode surface. The response exhibited either one or two peaks, depending on the intermediate stability. The first electron transfer depended on the reactant diffusion, while the second one was a function of the accumulated intermediate. For this reason, the second Ip was higher than the first one, and the single peak split into two peaks, under the influence of an increased SR. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters influence on the two components of the response were analyzed.

Abstract Large quantities of residual cooking oil are being increasingly generated in various sectors, as it is often improperly disposed of and causes serious environmental problems. A commonly used alternative is the use of lipases in enzymatic hydrolysis, since it is rather attractive to several sectors, in addition to allowing the use of products generated thereof, such as: free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and free glycerol, moreover, it is capable of operating in mild temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate alternatives for the hydrolysis of residual frying oil by evaluating the efficiency of different types of supports and heating systems using free and immobilized forms of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (BCL) and Porcine pancreas (PPL) as biocatalyst. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), niobium oxide (Nb2O5) and chitosan (CHIT) were evaluated as support for immobilizing BCL and PPL lipases, and superior results were found regarding the hydrolytic activity of immobilization derivatives using PHB and Nb2O5. Among the heating systems under evaluation, the highest percentage of residual oil hydrolysis was found using the ultrasound system for both free and immobilized lipases, reaching 57.91% hydrolysis for lipases immobilized on Nb2O5 and 61.11% hydrolysis for the derivative immobilized on PHB. The operational stability of both biocatalysts was evaluated using similar half-life time values for both. Thus, it was observed that the ultrasound system was efficient in improving lipase performance in the hydrolysis of free fatty acids, once this unconventional heating system is quite promising for accelerating such enzymatic reactions.

RESUMO Objetivo principal: Conhecer a epidemiologia das fraturas do quarto distal do rádio no esqueleto em crescimento e o tratamento realizado no CHPR nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Objetivos específicos: Avaliar re-deslocamento, necessidade de remanipulação, complicações, refratura. Metodologia: Estudo observacional descritivo retrospectivo. Critérios de inclusão: pacientes de 0 a 14 anos com fratura do rádio distal (fisário, metafisário e suprametafisário) avaliados no CHPR entre 1º de janeiro de 2017 e 31 de dezembro de 2018. Critérios de exclusão: pacientes com radiografias normais, fraturas em membros com malformações, osso infecções, patologia tumoral maligna ou benigna. Coleta de dados: Avaliação das radiografias de punho e antebraço realizadas no CHPR em 2017 e 18, inicial e evolutiva. Foram analisados: idade, sexo, data da fratura, topografia da fratura, deslocamento inicial, tratamento, evolução radiográfica e complicações. Resultados: 662 pacientes foram incluídos. Sendo maioritariamente do sexo masculino (65%), com média de 9 anos, membro direito (61%), nos meses de verão (36%). Em relação à topografia, foi evidenciada maior frequência nas fraturas da borda e metafisárias (31,72% e 31,57%), seguidas das suprametafisárias (18.43%) e fisárias (18.28%). O tratamento realizado foi ortopédico em 86.56% dos casos, enquanto cirúrgico em 12.84%, sendo a maioria com fios de Kirschner (11,2%). O tempo médio de imobilização foi de 6 semanas, com percentual de complicações de 14.05%. Conclusões: Foram avaliadas as características dos pacientes e fraturas do rádio distal no CHPR nos anos de 2017 e 18, com um total de 662 fraturas (0,9 por dia), em que a maioria foi submetida a tratamento ortopédico com índice de complicações que fica em torno de 14%, sendo maior quanto maior for o deslocamento inicial da fratura.

ABSTRACT: Title: Fractures of the distal end of the radius in the immature skeleton. Epidemiological study at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center. Main objective: To know the epidemiology of fractures of the distal fourth of the radius in the growing skeleton and the treatment carried out in the CHPR in the years 2017 and 2018. Specific objectives: To assess re-displacement, need for re-manipulation, complications, re- fracture. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive observational study. Inclusion criteria: patients aged 0 to 14 years with distal radius fracture (physeal, metaphyseal and suprametaphyseal) evaluated at the CHPR between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. Exclusion criteria: patients with normal radiographs, fractures in limbs with malformations, bone infections, malignant or benign tumor pathology. Data collection: Assessment of fist and forearm X-rays performed at the CHPR in 2017 and 18, initial and evolutionary. The following were analyzed: age, sex, fracture date, fracture topography, initial displacement, treatment, radiographic evolution and complications. Results: 662 patients were included. Being mostly male (65%), with an average of 9 years, right limb (61%), in the summer months (36%). Regarding the topography, a higher frequency was evidenced in rim and metaphyseal fractures (31.72% and 31.57%), followed by suprametaphyseal (18.43%) and physeal (18.28%). The treatment performed was orthopedic in 86.56% of the cases, while surgical was 12.84%, mostly with Kirschner wires (11.2%). The average immobilization time was 6 weeks, with a percentage of complications of 14.05%. Conclusions: The characteristics of the patients and fractures of the distal radius in the CHPR in the years 2017 and 18 were evaluated, with a total of 662 fractures (0.9 per day), in which the majority underwent orthopedic treatment with an index of complications that is around 14%, being greater the greater the initial displacement of the fracture.

RESUMEN Objetivo principal: Conocer la epidemiologia de las fracturas del cuarto distal del radio en el esqueleto en crecimiento y el tratamiento realizado en el CHPR en los años 2017 y 2018. Objetivos específicos: Valorar re-desplazamiento, necesidad de re manipulación, complicaciones, re-fractura. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes de 0 a 14 años con fractura de radio distal (fisaria, metafisaria y suprametafisaria) valorados en el CHPR entre 1 enero del 2017 y 31 diciembre del 2018. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes con radiografía normal, fracturas en miembros con malformaciones, infecciones óseas, patología tumoral maligna o benigna. Obtención de datos: Valoración de radiografías de puño y antebrazo realizadas en el CHPR en 2017 y 18, iniciales y evolutivas. Se analizaron: edad, sexo, fecha fractura, topografía de la fractura, desplazamiento inicial, tratamiento, evolución radiográfica y complicaciones. Resultados: se incluyeron 662 pacientes. Siendo en su mayoría de género masculino (65%), con una media de 9 años, miembro derecho (61%), en los meses de verano (36%). En cuanto a la topografía se evidenció una frecuencia mayor en fracturas tipo rodete y metafisarias (31.72% y 31.57%), seguido por suprametafisaria (18.43%) y fisaria (18.28%). El tratamiento realizado fue ortopédico en el 86.56% de los casos, mientras que quirúrgico fue el 12.84%, en su gran mayoría con alambres de Kirschner (11,2%). El tiempo de inmovilización promedio fue de 6 semanas, con un porcentaje de complicaciones del 14.05% del total de las fracturas. Conclusiones: Se valoraron las características de los pacientes y fracturas de radio distal en el CHPR en los años 2017 y 18, siendo un total de 662 fracturas, en las que su mayoría se realizó tratamiento ortopédico con un índice de complicaciones que ronda el 14%, siendo mayor cuanto mayor es el desplazamiento inicial de la fractura.

In this work, some of the synthesis methods already reported for aluminum(III) hydroxide polymorphs with layered structure like gibbsite are revisited. Gibbsite was synthesized with high purity and yield by a simple route developed from modifications of a heating method proposed in the literature, making it possible to prepare gibbsite in regular glassware, avoiding the use of hydrothermal reactor and oven, as described in the literature. The proposed synthesis was conducted with a heating system under reflux conditions in a glass heating flask, using an oil bath, without the need for more sophisticated equipment. This is an accessible alternative method for crystalline gibbsite synthesis, with yield (76 wt.%). The obtained gibbsite was used as a precursor for the synthesis of a lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) from the intercalation method of Al(OH)3 in aqueous solution of lithium chloride. Gibbsite and the obtained LDH Li/Al were used for the immobilization of an anionic porphyrin with a loading on the order of 10-5 mol g-1 of solid, thus being alternative solid supports for catalytic species such as porphyrins.

The study evaluated the solvent-free oxidation of 1-hexene utilizing supported ruthenium catalysts and a small amount of terbutyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a radical initiator. The characteristics of the supported catalysts were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results of the study revealed that 1% Ru/TiO2 had favorable catalytic performance when subjected to environmentally friendly reaction conditions. This behavior was thought to be a result of Ru spreading and loading on the TiO2. To obtain optimal reaction parameters, the catalyst manufacturing process, temperature, reaction time, type of support, and activating amount were tuned. Compared to catalysts generated using wet-impregnation and precipitation techniques, those produced using sol-immobilization have greater activity.

Abstract Immobility hypercalcemia is a rare diagnosis of exclusion that requires thorough evaluation. We present a case of hospitalized patient in Hospital General de México who on day 90 of hospitalization started acute hypercalcemia, with a low response to hyperhydration. During the approach, other causes of hypercalcemia with normal to low parathormone and vitamin D were excluded. The increase in serum calcium levels was sudden from 8.89 mg/dL to 13.05 mg/dL in 48 hours, which supports the diagnosis. He was treated with hyperhydration with crystalloid solutions and zoledronic acid, normalizing 72 hours after administration.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo. La pérdida de función o la ausencia congénita de músculos del miembro superior puede afectar seriamente a la calidad de vida del paciente, limitando actividades cotidianas que requieren flexión o extensión del codo. Describimos nuestra experiencia con la técnica para reconstrucción dinámica de la flexión y extensión del codo mediante transferencia pediculada del músculo latissimus dorsi (LD). Material y método. Empleamos esta técnica en 2 casos y presentamos el protocolo de rehabilitación kinesiológica subsiguiente. Este protocolo se inicia de manera inmediata tras la cirugía con apoyo de férulas de inmovilización para la extremidad superior y progresa gradualmente hacia la movilización autoasistida según tolerancia del paciente. Después, se avanza a la movilización activa sin carga, dirigida a mejorar las actividades de la vida diaria y aumentar la movilidad articular del codo, cuantificada a través de goniometría. Finalmente, progresa hacia la movilización contra resistencia. Resultados. Los pacientes operados que sufrían pérdida traumática del músculo bíceps brachii y del tríceps brachii respectivamente, mostraron rápida recuperación funcional y satisfactoria reinserción laboral y social. Conclusiones. En nuestra experiencia, esta técnica ha sido una opción efectiva y segura en la restauración de la función del codo y la cobertura de extensos defectos cutáneos, evitando la necesidad de recurrir a colgajos libres

Abstract Background and objective. Loss of function or congenital absence of upper limb muscles can significantly impact a patient's quality of life, limiting everyday activities that require elbow flexion or extension. We describe the technique for dynamic reconstruction of elbow flexion and extension using pedicled transfer of the latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Methods. We present our experience with the use of this technique in 2 cases and describe the subsequent kinesiological rehabilitation protocol. This protocol is initiated immediately post-surgery, with the support of immobilization splints for the upper limb and gradually progresses to self-assisted mobilization based on patient tolerance. Subsequently, advancement is made to active load-free mobilization, aimed at enhancing daily life activities and increasing elbow joint mobility, quantified using goniometry. Finally, the rehabilitation regimen progresses to resistance-based mobilization. Results. Operated patients suffering traumatic loss of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles respectively, exhibited rapid functional recovery and satisfactory reintegration into work and social life. Conclusions. In our experience, this surgical technique has demonstrated itself to be an effective and safe option in restoring elbow function and providing coverage for extensive cutaneous defects, eliminating the need for free flaps.

Abstract Objective To provide a current overview of the Bristow-Latarjet surgery in Brazil. Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on an electronic questionnaire with 26 items, which was sent to active members of the Brazilian Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia do Ombro e Cotovelo, SBCOC, in Portuguese). The questionnaire addressed training, surgical technique, complications, and postoperative management. Results We sent the questionnaire to 845 specialists from April 20 to May 12, 2021, and 310 of them answered i in full. During their specialization, most specialists participated in up to ten Bristow-Latarjet procedures. The most frequent complication was graft fracture, while the most common technical difficulty was screw positioning. In total, 50.6% and 73.9% reported having experienced intraoperative and postoperative complications respectively; 57.1% declared performing subscapularis suture; 99.7% indicated postoperative immobilization; and 61.9% considered graft consolidation fundamental. Conclusion Most specialists participated in up to ten Bristow-Latarjet procedures during the specialization, but 13.5% of them graduated without participating in the surgery. The most frequent complication was graft fracture. The most common technical difficulty was screw positioning. Most participants prefer postoperative immobilization since they believe graft consolidation is essential to resume the practiced of sports. The highest complication rate occurred with specialists who have obtained their titles 11 to 15 years ago. In Brazil, the Southeast region is the largest producer of specialists and has the highest concentration of these professionals.

Resumo Objetivo Traçar um panorama atual da cirurgia de Bristow-Latarjet no Brasil. Materiais e Métodos Estudo transversal no qual um questionário eletrônico com 26 perguntas sobre aspectos de formação, técnica cirúrgica, complicações e manejo pós-cirúrgico foi enviado a membros ativos da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia do Ombro e Cotovelo (SBCOC). Resultados Entre 20 de abril e 12 de maio de 2021, o questionário foi enviado a 845 especialistas, e obteve-se 310 respostas completas. Durante a especialização, a maior parte dos especialistas participou de até dez procedimentos de Bristow-Latarjet. A complicação mais frequente foi a fratura do enxerto, e a dificuldade técnica, o posicionamento dos parafusos. Ao todo, 50,6% já tiveram complicações no intraoperatório; 73,9% já tiveram complicações no pós-operatório; 57,1% fazem a sutura do subescapular; 99,7% indicam a imobilização no pós-operatório; e 61,9% consideram a consolidação do enxerto fundamental. Conclusão A maior parte dos especialistas participou de até dez procedimentos de Bristow-Latarjet durante a especialização, mas 13,5% se formaram sem ter participado de nenhuma cirurgia. A complicação mais frequente foi a fratura do enxerto. A dificuldade técnica mais frequente foi o posicionamento dos parafusos. Imobilização no pós-operatório é a preferência da maioria dos participantes, que consideram fundamental a consolidação do enxerto para o retorno ao esporte. O maior número de complicações ocorreu com especialistas que obtiveram o título de 11 a 15 anos atrás. A região Sudeste é a maior formadora de especialistas e onde está concentrada a maior parte deles.

Abstract The present study reports a rare case of avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity in an adolescent. A 14-year-old male patient sprained his left knee during a soccer match. At the first emergency-room visit, he presented pain in his left knee, 2 +/4+ edema, and inability to walk and flex the affected knee, but no neurovascular changes or signs of compartment syndrome. Radiographs revealed a physeal fracture at the left proximal tibia, classified by Ogden, Tross and Murphy, and modified by Ryu and Debenham, as type IV, and complemented by Aerts et al. as type IV-B. Immobilization was performed with a plaster cast from the inguinal to malleolar regions, followed by analgesia. The patient was operated on the next day, when open reduction and internal fixation using 4.5-mm cannulated screws were performed. The patient was discharged one day after surgery, with plaster cast immobilization and load restraint for four weeks, and bone consolidation was radiologically confirmed three months after the procedure. The patient evolved with a range of motion similar to that of the contralateral limb, no length discrepancy in the lower limbs, and no complaints after one year of follow-up.

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso raro de fratura por avulsão da tuberosidade da tíbia em adolescente. Um paciente de 14 anos, do sexo masculino, sofreu entorse de joelho esquerdo durante partida de futebol. No primeiro atendimento em pronto-socorro, ele apresentava dor no joelho esquerdo, edema 2 +/4 + , incapacidade de deambulação e de flexo-extensão do joelho acometido, sem alterações neurovasculares ou sinais de síndrome compartimental. Nas radiografias, identificou-se fratura fisária na tíbia proximal esquerda, classificada por Ogden, Tross e Murphy, com modificação por Ryu e Debenham, como tipo IV, e complementada por Aerts et al. como tipo IV-B. Foi realizada imobilização com tala gessada inguino-maleolar e analgesia, e o paciente submetido a cirurgia no dia seguinte, com redução aberta e fixação interna utilizando parafusos canulados 4,5 mm. O paciente recebeu alta no dia seguinte à cirurgia, sendo mantida a imobilização com tala gessada e a restrição de carga por quatro semanas, e apresentou consolidação óssea confirmada por radiografia com três meses do pós-operatório. O paciente evoluiu sem discrepância de comprimento dos membros inferiores, arco de movimento igual ao do membro contralateral, e sem queixas no seguimento de um ano.

ABSTRACT Little is understood about the nutritional status of manganese (Mn) in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), further research is needed to provide technological support for greater productivity, especially on the dynamics of accumulation, recycling, immobilization and export. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of accumulation, immobilization, recycling, exportation and the efficiency of Mn use in oil palm plants at different ages. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments (plant age: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 years of planting) and four replicates. The leaflets and male inflorescence were, the vegetative and reproductive organs with the highest Mn concentration, respectively. The accumulation of this nutrient in the tree crown predominated in the stipe through all years. The bunch exported the highest amount of Mn, especially in older plants. The oil palm immobilizes and recycles, more than exports, a large amount of Mn. The Mn use efficiency is increased as a function of the age of the crops in all the oil palm organs. In conclusion, the nutritional demand of oil palm is altered as a function of age, altering the dynamics of immobilization, recycling and exportation of Mn.

Abstract In the scope of sustainability, the generation of different residues through human activities requires the exploration of techniques for final disposal. Among these residues, there are agricultural residues, as well as the residues of heavy metals, both potentially polluting.This work reports the analysis on the immobilization of chromium (VI) in Portland cement pastes (PC) with the addition of silica (SiO 2 ) obtained from rice husk ash (RHA). The cement pastes were evaluated from the perspective of mechanical properties through the compression test. Regarding the hydration development, the pastes were evaluated by SEM, XRD and FTIS. Aiming at the study of Cr(VI) immobilization, solubilized extracts were obtained for analysis through UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The results suggest that the SiO 2 from the RHA showed a predominantly amorphous. Regarding the pastes, the comparison of the strength of the different traits at the same ages revealed that they are not significantly different. As to the XRD, the results suggest that, in the traits with K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , there are alterations in the hydration process. The immobilization efficiency resulted greater than 99%, but there was no favorable effect of the addition of silica to PC in the immobilization of chromium (VI).

Resumo No âmbito da sustentabilidade, a geração de diferentes resíduos através das atividades humanas demanda a exploração de técnicas para disposição final. Dentre esses resíduos, estão os agrícolas e os metais pesados, ambos potencialmente poluidores. Este trabalho relata a análise da imobilização de cromo (VI) em pastas de cimento Portland (CP) com adição de sílica (SiO2) obtida de cinzas de casca de arroz (CCA). As pastas de CP foram avaliadas sob a perspectiva das propriedades mecânicas por ensaio de compressão. Relativo ao desenvolvimento da hidratação, as pastas foram avaliadas por MEV, DRX e FTIR. Visando o estudo da imobilização do Cr(VI), obteve-se extratos solubilizados para análise por espectrofotometria UV-VIS. Os resultados sugerem que a SiO2 de CCA apresentou-sepredominantemente amorfa. Com relação às pastas, a comparação da resistência dos diferentes traços nas mesmas idades revelou que não são significativamente diferentes. Acerca da DRX, os resultados sugerem que nos traços com K2Cr2O7 existem alterações no processo de hidratação. A eficiência de imobilização resultou maior que 99%, mas não se constatou efeito favorável da adição de sílica ao CP na imobilização do cromo (VI).

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) and Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS) are rare hereditary disorders of platelet function. Their treatment often requires platelet transfusion, which can lead to the development of alloantibodies. Objective: In this study, we aim to develop a strategy for alloantibody detection and to describe the frequency of alloimmunization in a patient population from a single center in southeastern Brazil. Methods: Samples from patients with GT or BSS were tested using the Platelet Immunofluorescence Test (PIFT). If a positive result was obtained, a confirmatory step using the Monoclonal Antibody Immobilization of Platelet Antigens (MAIPA) and Luminex bead-based platelet assay (PAKLx) was executed. Main results: Among 11 patients with GT, we detected the presence of alloantibodies in 5 using PIFT, with confirmation through MAIPA and PAKLx in 2 (1 anti-HLA and 1 anti-HPA), resulting in a frequency of 18.1%. Among 4 patients with BSS, PIFT was positive in 3, with confirmation by MAIPA and PAKLx in 1 (anti-HLA), showing a frequency of 25%. The two patients with anti-HLA antibodies exhibited a panel reactive antibody (PRA-HLA) testing greater than 97%. Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of identifying platelet alloimmunization in this patient population. The proposed algorithm for platelet alloantibodies detection allows resource optimization.

Before a framework of strategic reorientation from a new configuration of the Brazilian hegemonic political bloc given from the institutional coup of 2016, new educational policies are consolidated from the Secondary Education Counter-Reform (Law nº 13.415/2017). By analyzing the antecedents and main developments of these policies, their impacts on high school student self-organization are investigated articulating, in qualitative research, bibliographic and empirical material. For that, the specialized literature was verified in order to rescue the main fundamentals and objectives of the New High School. In the empirical analysis, interviews were carried out with leaders from Rio Grande do Sul youth movement of outstanding intervention with secondary student movement, in the hope of understanding the movement's reading of the impact of these new policies on its bases. Using Grounded Theory, codes were identified referring to trends provoked by the Counter-Reformation that aggravated a previous situation of political-organizational reflux, contributing to the significant immobilization ofthis sector in face of the processes of disinvestment in education and degradation of the living conditions of Brazilian youth.

Frente a un marco de reorientación estratégica desde una nueva configuración del bloque político hegemónico brasileño dado a partir del golpe institucional de 2016, se consolidan nuevas políticas educativas a través de la Contrarreforma de la Enseñanza Media (Ley nº 13.415/2017). Analizando los antecedentes y principales desarrollos de estas políticas, investigamos sus impactos en la autoorganización de los estudiantes de secundaria articulando material bibliográfico y empírico en una investigación cualitativa. Para ello, se verificó bibliografía especializada con el fin de rescatar los principales fundamentos y objetivos de la Nueva Preparatoria. En el análisis empírico, se realizaron entrevistas a líderes de organizaciones juveniles de Rio Grande do Sul, con destacada intervención en las entidades estudiantiles secundarias, con la expectativa de comprender la lectura del movimiento respecto al impacto de esas nuevas políticas en sus bases. Utilizando la Teoría Fundamentada, se identificaron códigos referentes a las tendencias provocadas por la Contrarreforma que agravan un reflujo político-organizativo previo, contribuyendo a la significativa inmovilización de este sector frente a los procesos de desinversión en educación y degradación de las condiciones de vida de la juventud brasileña.

Diante de um quadro de reorientação estratégica decorrente de uma nova configuração do bloco político hegemônico brasileiro dada a partir do golpe institucional de 2016, novas políticas educacionais se consolidam através da Contrarreforma do Ensino Médio (Lei nº 13.415/2017). Ao analisar os antecedentes e principais desdobramentos destas políticas, investiga-se seus impactos sobre a auto-organização estudantil secundarista ao articular, em pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, material bibliográfico e empírico. Para tanto, verificou-se a literatura especializada a fim de resgatar os principais fundamentos e objetivos do Novo Ensino Médio. Na análise empírica, realizou-se entrevistas com dirigentes gaúchos de organizações juvenis de destacada intervenção junto às entidades estudantis secundaristas, na expectativa de compreender a leitura do movimento a respeito do impacto destas novas políticas sobre suas bases. Utilizando a Teoria Fundamentada, identificaram-se códigos referentes às tendências provocadas pela Contrarreforma que agravam um cenário de refluxo político-organizativo anterior, contribuindo para a significativa imobilização deste setor frente aos processos de desinvestimento na educação e degradação das condições de vida das juventudes brasileiras.

ABSTRACT Different anesthetic agents are commonly used during procedures performed in aquaculture to minimize stress and maximize fish welfare during handling. A Kinguio fish was treated with a history of a mass near the left eye. In the clinical evaluation, a pedunculated neoformation was found in the periocular region. The fish was submitted to anesthesia for surgical removal of the mass, which was later referred to histopathological evaluation, revealing myxoma. The anesthesia protocol used 1% propofol at a concentration of 5 mg/liter of water and morphine at a dose of 5 mg/kg, intramuscularly. Immediately after the end of the procedure, the fish was returned to the aquarium and its anesthetic recovery was observed. The objective of this report is to describe a surgical procedure in kinguio fish and to determine the efficacy of propofol associated with morphine in this species. As a result, complete immobilization of the fish was obtained with propofol, reaching the fourth stage of anesthesia and the administration of morphine suggested being able to provide effective and long-lasting analgesia. It is concluded that despite the positive results obtained, anesthesia in fish still needs to be extensively investigated to refine analgesia protocols during procedures that cause pain and stress.

RESUMO Diferentes agentes anestésicos são usados durante procedimentos realizados na aquicultura para minimizar o estresse e maximizar o bem-estar dos peixes durante o processo de manejo. Um peixe kinguiu foi atendido com histórico de presença de uma massa próxima ao olho esquerdo. Na avaliação clínica, constatou-se uma neoformação pedunculada na região periocular. O peixe foi submetido à anestesia para remoção cirúrgica da massa, que posteriormente foi encaminhada para avaliação histopatológica, a qual revelou mixoma. Como protocolo de anestesia, utilizou-se propofol 1% diluído em água, na concentração de 5mg/litro, e morfina, na dose de 5mg/kg, na concentração de 10mg/mL, intramuscular. Imediatamente após o procedimento, o peixe foi devolvido ao aquário para observação da recuperação anestésica. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um procedimento cirúrgico em peixe kinguio e determinar a eficácia do propofol associado à morfina nessa espécie. Como resultados, obteve-se a imobilização completa do peixe com o uso do propofol, atingindo o quarto estágio da anestesia, e a administração da morfina sugeriu ser capaz de proporcionar analgesia eficaz e duradoura. Conclui-se que, apesar dos resultados positivos obtidos, a anestesia em peixes precisa ainda ser bastante investigada para refinar os protocolos de analgesia durante os procedimentos que causam dor e estresse.