Compared to other species, components of Combretum lanceolatum are still with few data reported in the literature. This work describes the compounds identification, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of C. lanceolatum twigs. Ethanolic extract (EECLT) from C. lanceolatum twigs was submitted to partition obtaining: hexane (HF), diethyl ether (EEF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hydromethanolic (HMF) fractions. They were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and direct insertion mass spectrometry and evaluated for antioxidant assay (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method) and antimicrobial assay. Fifty-seven compounds were identified in the fractions. In antioxidant assay, EECLT and EAF demonstrated good antioxidant potential (half maximal effective concentration (EC50): 57.9 and 45.4 µg mL–1, respectively), better than the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (EC50: 69.34 µg mL–1). For antimicrobial assay, all fractions presented promising minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). EECLT presented the best values against Staphylococcus aureus (125 µg mL–1) and Escherichia coli (62.5 µg mL–1) and better than the positive control fluconazole (8 and 16 µg mL–1) against Candida albicans (3.9 µg mL–1) and Candida krusei (15.6 µg mL–1) strains. This study presents relevant chemical and biological information about C. lanceloatum expanding the knowledge of Brazilian flora. species literature identification C (EECLT obtaining HF, HF , (HF) EEF, EEF (EEF) (EAF HMF (HMF chromatographymass 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl 2 DPPH (DPPH method Fiftyseven Fifty seven half EC50 EC (EC50) 579 57 9 57. 454 45 4 45. mL1 mL mL–1 respectively, respectively respectively) BHT (BHT (EC50 6934 69 34 69.3 mL–1. . MIC. MIC (MIC) 125 (12 62.5 625 62 5 (62. 8 ( 3.9 39 3 (3. 15.6 156 15 6 (15. strains flora (HF (EEF 2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22 2, EC5 mL– (EC5 693 69. (MIC 12 (1 62. (62 3. (3 15. (15 (EC (6

Resumen El playero blanco (Calidris alba) es el ave playera de más amplia distribución que inverna en ambas costas de América, con registros de individuos vagabundos en el interior del continente. El 14 de septiembre de 2022, observamos y fotografiamos dos juveniles del playero blanco en una charca pequeña adyacente al Río Mezquites en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna de Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, México. Este avistamiento representa el primer registro de esta especie en este sitio RAMSAR e incrementa su distribución continental conocida en el noreste de México, siendo además el primero documentado para el estado de Coahuila.

Abstract The Sanderling (Calidris alba) is the most widely distributed shorebird that winters on both coasts of America, with records of vagrant individuals in the interior of the continent. On 14 September 2022, we observed and photographed two juvenile Sanderlings at a small pool adjacent to the Río Mezquites in the Cuatro Ciénegas protected area, Coahuila, Mexico. This sighting represents the first record of this species in this RAMSAR site, and increases the known inland distribution in northeastern Mexico, as well as the first documented for the state of Coahuila.

Abstract Background: Endemism can originate from multiple biogeographic and evolutionary processes that promote the formation or persistence of species with restricted distributions (rare species). Understanding rare species’ distributions is a central question in biogeography and is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Questions: What are the rarest plant species in Mexico? How are they distributed? Under what risk categories should they be classified? Studied species: Vascular species considered rare in the flora of Mexico. Study site: Mexico. Methods: “Rare species” were defined as species endemic to Mexico whose distribution is restricted to a single 1 × 1° cell. We analyzed rare species’ distributions and proposed the risk category for each according to IUCN criteria. For some of the species distributed in the cell with the highest number of rare species, we compared the proposed category with published evaluations. Results: We identified 2,705 rare species. The richest cells in terms of rare species are in southern Mexico. Only 302 species had been previously evaluated under IUCN criteria. The remaining 2,403 qualify for the Near Threatened (NT) category or higher. The cell with the highest rare species richness, located in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, contained only 10 species with an existing IUCN risk category; for another 81 species, the categories of Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN) or Critically Endangered (CR) are indicated. Conclusions: Recognizing the rarity of these 2,705 species will increase attention on them, allowing more precise appraisal of their extinction risk and possible strategies for their conservation.

Resumen Antecedentes: El endemismo puede originarse a partir de múltiples procesos biogeográficos y evolutivos que promueven la formación o persistencia de especies de distribución restringida o raras. Entender su distribución es una cuestión central en biogeografía y crucial para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las especies de plantas raras en México? ¿Cómo se distribuyen? ¿Bajo qué categorías de riesgo son clasificadas? Especies de estudio: Especies vasculares consideradas raras en la flora de México. Sitio: México. Métodos: Se identificaron las especies endémicas de México cuya distribución se restringe a una sola celda de 1 × 1°, llamadas especies raras. Se analizó su distribución y se propuso una categoría de riesgo de acuerdo con la IUCN; para algunas de ellas incluidas en la celda con mayor número de especies raras se comparó contra evaluaciones publicadas. Resultados: Se identificaron como raras 2,705 especies. Las celdas más ricas se encuentran en el sur del país. Sólo 302 especies han sido evaluadas con los criterios de la IUCN, las restantes 2,403 al menos deberían de tener la categoría de Casi amenazadas (NT). Una celda en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca contó con la mayor diversidad alfa; sin embargo, sólo 10 de ellas tienen una evaluación por la IUCN, para otras 81 especies se determinaron categorías como Vulnerable (VU), En peligro (EN) y En peligro crítico (CR). Conclusiones: El reconocimiento de 2,705 especies raras permitirá ahora prestarles más atención, definiendo con más detalle su riesgo de extinción y las posibles estrategias para su conservación.

Abstract: Background: One specimen collected in Yoloxóchitl (San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, Mexico) was initially reviewed by Michael Nee, who suggested that it could be a new species of the genus Cestrum, and commissioned to the first author to describe it. Questions: Do Cestrum populations from San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, correspond to a new species for science? Studied species: Cestrum sp. nov. Study site and dates: Yoloxóchitl, Municipality of San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero; 2023-2024. Methods: The specialized bibliography on the genus Cestrum was examined, from which a list of species with similar morphology to the studied species was compiled, all of which were examined using high resolution digital photographs. A botanical exploration was carried out, locating three populations. A morphological analysis was conducted with the collected material. Results: Cestrum amithii is defined as a new species for science. This new species presents many differences in terms of floral and foliar characters from the other species of the genus. The most outstanding is its spathaceous calyx, which is markedly asymmetrical and large, with evident ribs and two to three lobes. C. amithii is known only from Yoloxóchitl, Guerrero, where it grows in sub-deciduous tropical forest vegetation, at elevations of 530-630 m asl. It is associated with seasonal streams and creeks. Conclusions: With this new discovery, the number of Cestrum species in the flora of Guerrero state increases to 16.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Un ejemplar colectado en Yoloxóchitl (San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, México) fue anteriormente revisado por Michael Nee, quien sugirió que podría tratarse de una nueva especie del género Cestrum, y concedió al primer autor su descripción. Preguntas: Las poblaciones de Cestrum de San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, corresponden a una nueva especie para la ciencia? Especies de estudio: Cestrum sp. nov. Sitio y años de estudio: Yoloxóchitl, Municipio de San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero; 2023-2024. Métodos: Se examinó bibliografía especializada en el género, obteniendo una lista de especies con morfología similar a la especie en estudio, las cuales se examinaron por medio de fotografías digitales de alta resolución. Se realizó una exploración botánica, ubicando tres poblaciones. Se realizó un análisis morfológico con el material colectado. Resultados: Se define a Cestrum amithii como una especie nueva para la ciencia, endémica de la comunidad de Yoloxóchitl, Guerrero. La nueva especie presenta diversas diferencias en cuanto a caracteres florales y foliares respecto a las otras especies del género, la más destacada es el cáliz espatáceo, éste es marcadamente asimétrico, de grandes dimensiones, con costillas evidentes y dos o tres lóbulos. C. amithii es endémica de México, distribuida en vegetación de bosque tropical subcaducifolio, en elevación de 530-630 m snm, sobre arroyos y corrientes estacionales. Conclusiones: Con este nuevo descubrimiento, en la flora del estado de Guerrero se contabilizan 16 especies del género Cestrum.

Abstract Background: Epiphytic mosses are one of the most common groups in forest environments but among the most neglected by researchers in Mexico. Questions: What is the epiphytic mosses diversity, measured in richness, turnover, and community composition in Mexican forests? Species of study: Epiphytic mosses. Study site and years: Humid mountain forest, pine-oak and tropical evergreen forests. Study period: 2015 to 2021. Methods: Through a literature review and field work we compiled data on epiphytic mosses in three forest types in Mexico. We assessed the data using alpha and beta diversity analysis, indicator species, and community composition. Additionally, we explored the influence of elevation and forest type on the observed diversity patterns. Results: We report a richness of 147 species of epiphytic mosses across three types of Mexican forests. The humid mountain forest was the best sampled forest with the highest moss species richness. Although species richness is different for the forests studied, species turnover is similar among them. We demonstrated that elevation and forest type are highly correlated with species richness of epiphytic mosses. Conclusions: The epiphytic mosses studied here collectively represent over 15 % of the moss richness of Mexico. Forest type and elevation seem to be the drivers of this widely distributed richness. Finally, we call for more in-depth studies of the forests presented here, as well as those in other latitudes including variables such as humidity and host traits, to provide a more complete picture of an overlooked Mexican flora.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los musgos epífitos son uno de los grupos más comunes en ambientes forestales, pero de los más desatendidos de México. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la riqueza, recambio y composición de la comunidad de musgos epífitos en los bosques de México? Especies de estudio: Musgos epífitos. Sitios y años de estudio: Bosque húmedo de montaña, de pino-encino y tropical perennifolio. Periodo de estudio: 2015-2021. Métodos: Mediante una revisión bibliográfica y trabajo de campo recopilamos datos de musgos epífitos en tres tipos de bosques de México. Evaluamos los datos mediante análisis de diversidad alfa y beta, especies indicadoras y composición de la comunidad. Además, exploramos la influencia de la altitud y el tipo de bosque en los patrones de diversidad observados. Resultados: Reportamos una riqueza de 147 especies de musgos epífitos para tres tipos de bosques de México. El bosque húmedo de montaña es el mejor muestreado y con la mayor riqueza de musgos. El recambio de especies es similar entre los bosques estudiados. Constatamos que la elevación y el tipo de bosque están relacionados con la riqueza de musgos epífitos. Conclusiones: Los musgos epífitos estudiados aquí representan más del 15 % de la riqueza de musgos de México. El tipo de bosque y la elevación parecen ser los impulsores de esta riqueza ampliamente distribuida. Finalmente, continuar la exploración de los bosques estudiados aquí, así como de aquellos en otras latitudes incluyendo variables como la humedad y rasgos de los árboles hospederos, es urgente para mejorar el conocimiento de esta flora mexicana.

Abstract The presence of feral fauna in conserved ecosystems causes negative impacts and, combined with pressures to which native flora and fauna are subjected, such as fires, fragmentation, change in land use, have a negative impact on the distribution and density of species, as well as the Loss of species and particularly fauna may be subject to local displacement or extinction processes. The purpose of this study is to identify the species of feral fauna and their habits in a portion of medium-sized jungle located in Acapulco, Guerrero. Eight camera traps were located and georeferenced in a fragment of medium forest with an area of eight hectares from the period March 2022 to January 2023. From the sampling, 1,184 photographs were obtained, two species of feral terrestrial mammals and 5 of native fauna were observed. The most abundant species were Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n = 10), Felis silvestris catus (n = 9) and the least abundant were Procyon lotor (n = 3) and Tamandua mexicana (n = 1), with this the feral and native Bambas species have crepuscular nocturnal habits, so if they do not coincide they use the same trails, which increases the possibility of encounters, control activities are required, containment for the feral fauna since the project area borders protected natural areas.

Resumen La presencia de fauna feral en ecosistemas conservados causa impactos negativos y aunado a presiones a las que está sometida la flora y la fauna nativa, tales como incendios, fragmentación, cambio de uso de suelo, repercuten negativamente en la distribución y densidad de las especies, así como la pérdida de las mismas, mientras que la fauna puede ser o estar sujeta a procesos de desplazamiento o extinción de manera local. La finalidad del presente estudio es identificar las especies de fauna feral y sus hábitos en una porción de selva mediana en Acapulco, Guerrero. Se ubicaron y georreferenciaron ocho cámaras trampa, en un fragmento de selva media con una superficie de ocho hectáreas del periodo marzo del 2022 a enero 2023. Del muestreo se obtuvieron 1184 fotografías, en donde se observaron dos especies de mamíferos terrestres ferales y 5 de fauna nativa. Las especies más abundantes fueron Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n=10), Felis silvestris catus (n=9) y las poco abundantes fueron Procyon lotor (n = 3) y Tamandua mexicana (n = 1); se evidenció que las especies ferales y nativas ambas tienen hábitos nocturnos crepusculares, por lo que si no coinciden utilizan los mismos senderos, lo que aumenta la posibilidad de encuentros. Por ello, se requieren actividades de control, contención para la fauna feral ya que el área del proyecto colinda con áreas naturales protegidas.

Resumo A presença de fauna silvestre em ecossistemas conservados causa impactos negativos e, aliada às pressões a que estão submetidas a flora e a fauna nativas, como incêndios, fragmentação, mudança no uso do solo, impactam negativamente na distribuição e densidade das espécies, como bem como a sua perda, enquanto a fauna pode estar ou estar sujeita a processos locais de deslocamento ou extinção. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as espécies da fauna silvestre e seus hábitos em uma porção de selva de médio porte em Acapulco, Guerrero. Oito armadilhas fotográficas foram localizadas e georreferenciadas em um fragmento de floresta média com área de oito hectares no período de março de 2022 a janeiro de 2023. Da amostragem foram obtidas 1.184 fotografias, onde foram encontradas duas espécies de mamíferos terrestres silvestres e 5 de fauna. foram observados. As espécies mais abundantes foram Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n = 10), Felis silvestris catus (n = 9) e as menos abundantes foram Procyon lotor (n = 3) e Tamanduá Mexicano (n = 1); Ficou evidente que ambas as espécies silvestres e nativas possuem hábitos noturnos crepusculares, portanto, caso não coincidam, utilizam as mesmas trilhas, o que aumenta a possibilidade de encontros. Portanto, são necessárias atividades de controle e contenção para a fauna selvagem, uma vez que a área do projeto faz fronteira com áreas naturais protegidas.

Resumen Antecedentes: El bosque tropical caducifolio constituye zonas con altos niveles de biodiversidad; sin embargo, este ecosistema presente en el municipio de Nocupétaro, Michoacán carece de inventarios florísticos. Preguntas: ¿Qué especies están presentes en el área de estudio? ¿Cuáles especies son endémicas de México y cuántas están en riesgo? ¿Con qué zona tiene mayor afinidad florística? Especies en estudio: Plantas vasculares. Sitio y fechas de estudio: Área de un bosque tropical caducifolio ubicada en el municipio de Nocupétaro, Michoacán, México; septiembre 2016 a noviembre 2017. Métodos: Se realizaron recolectas botánicas en campo. Los especímenes se identificaron con bibliografía especializada. La vegetación se definió con base en la fisonomía y las especies dominantes. Los resultados se comparan con cuatro zonas de bosque tropical caducifolio. Resultados: Se registran 56 familias, 135 géneros, 173 especies y ocho taxa infraespecíficos. Las familias mejor representadas son Fabaceae (34 spp.), Asteraceae (12 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (11 spp.), Apocynaceae (9 spp.), Malvaceae (8 spp.) y Convolvulaceae (7 spp.). Los géneros con más especies son Euphorbia (6), Senna (6), Ipomoea (5) y Bursera (4). Cuarenta y cinco especies son endémicas de México; dos están enlistadas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y tres en la Lista Roja de la IUCN con una categoría de riesgo. El área tiene mayor similitud florística con el cerro La Parotita. Conclusiones: La información generada es la base para otras investigaciones (ecológicas, faunísticas) y resalta la importancia de seguir estudiando y conservando este ecosistema en la región.

Abstract Background: Tropical deciduous forest possesses high levels of biodiversity; however, there is not a complete floristic survey of this ecosystem in the municipality of Nocupétaro, Michoacán. Questions: Which species are present in the study area? Which species are endemic to Mexico and how many are at risk? With which area does it have the greatest floristic affinity? Studied species: Vascular plants. Study site and dates: An area of tropical deciduous forest occurring in the municipality of Nocupétaro, Michoacán, Mexico; September 2016 to November 2017. Methods: Specimens were collected in the field and determined using pertinent specialized literature. The vegetation was defined using physiognomy and dominant species. Results: Fifty-six families, 135 genera, 173 species, and eight infraespecific taxa were registered. The families with more species were Fabaceae (34 spp.), Asteraceae (12 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (11 spp.), Apocynaceae (9 spp.), Malvaceae (8 spp.), and Convolvulaceae (7 spp.). The most speciose genera were Euphorbia (6), Senna (6), Ipomoea (5), and Bursera (4). Forty-five species are endemic to Mexico; two are listed in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 and three species are included IUCN Red List with a risk category. The area has a greater floristic affinity with the Parotita hill. Conclusions: The information generated is the basis for other research (ecological, fauna) and stand out the importance of continuing to study and conserve this ecosystem in the region.

Abstract Background: Taza province presents enormous richness and biodiversity. Updating their medicinal plant inventories is crucial for conserving traditional knowledge, sustainable use, health and well-being, economic opportunities and collaborative research. Question: What new species and families of medicinal plants can we report by widening the ethnobotanical study area in Taza province compared to previous work? Studied species: 202 medicinal plant species. Study site and dates: 28 communities in the province of Taza (Morocco), between March and October 2021. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey including 340 interviewees using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: 91 medicinal taxa belonging to 48 families were inventoried. 12 species including three spontaneous: Atriplex halimus L., Citrullus colocynthis L. Sch and Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. were reported for the first time. The most frequent species are respectively Salvia officinalis L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. The most frequent families are respectively Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae. Seven new vernacular names have been listed. Most of the plants were spontaneous (55.9 %). The comparative analysis with previous work led to obtaining a checklist of 202 taxa (75 families) of which 65 have specific endemism and 77 (48 spontaneous) are on the red list. The scientific names of 28 species and nine families have been updated. Conclusions: This checklist (202 taxa) traduces the plant heritage richness of Taza province and constitutes a great database for future scientific research. The 12 newly listed species constitute an added value that deserves to be valued through ethnopharmacological studies.

Resumen: Antecedentes: La provincia de Taza presenta una enorme riqueza y biodiversidad. Actualizar sus inventarios de plantas medicinales es crucial para preservar el conocimiento tradicional. Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: ¿Qué nuevas especies y familias de plantas medicinales se pueden reportar al ampliar el área de estudio de la provincia de Taza respecto a trabajos anteriores? Especies de estudio: 202 especies medicinales. Sitio y años de estudio: 28 comunidades de Taza (Marruecos), entre marzo y octubre (2021). Métodos: Una encuesta etnobotánica que incluyó a 340 entrevistados mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado. Resultados: Se inventariaron 91 taxones medicinales pertenecientes a 48 familias. 12 especies, incluidas tres espontáneas: Atriplex halimus L., Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Sch and Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. fueron reportados por primera vez. Las especies más frecuentes son respectivamente Salvia officinalis L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L. y Rosmarinus officinalis L.. Las familias más frecuentes son respectivamente Lamiaceae, Asteraceae y Fabaceae. Se han enumerado siete nuevos nombres vernáculos. La mayoría de las plantas fueron espontáneas (55.9 %). El análisis comparativo con trabajos anteriores permitió obtener una lista de verificación de 202 taxones (75 familias) de los cuales 65 tienen endemismo específico y 77 (48 espontáneos) están en la lista roja. Se han actualizado los nombres científicos de 28 especies y nueve familias. Conclusiones: Esta lista (202 taxones) que refleja la riqueza del patrimonio vegetal de la provincia de Taza, constituye una gran base de datos para futuras investigaciones científicas. Las 12 especies merecen ser evaluadas mediante estudios etnofarmacológicos.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Los incendios de alta severidad representan graves amenazas antropogénicas para los bosques, ya que pueden causar la degradación forestal a escalas irrecuperables. Por lo tanto, comprender los patrones y los impulsores de la regeneración post-incendio es esencial para diseñar propuestas de restauración. Hipótesis: Después de un incendio de alta severidad, esperamos una mayor riqueza de especies y abundancia de individuos en sitios planos que en sitios de ladera, ya que las semillas, los nutrientes y la materia orgánica se acumulan en zonas planas. En comparación con algunas especies de Pinus, las especies de Quercus son más tolerantes a la sequía post-incendio forestal y, por lo tanto, se espera que dominen en las cronosecuencias post-incendio. Sitio de estudio: El estudio se realizó en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna “La Primavera”. Métodos: Muestreamos la vegetación y variables microambientales de 2021a 2022 en 18 sitios planos y de ladera, a los 3, 9 y ≥ 20 años desde el último incendio forestal de alta severidad (TDF). Resultados: La riqueza de especies leñosas y herbáceas fue mayor a 3 TDF y 9 TDF. La condición topográfica no determinó significativamente la riqueza y abundancia de especies leñosas, pero la riqueza y abundancia de especies herbáceas fueron significativamente mayores en sitios planos. El encino Quercus resinosa Liebm. fue la especie más dominante a lo largo de la cronosecuencia. Conclusiones: Quercus resinosa representa una especie fundacional para la recuperación de la estructura y composición del bosque. Los sitios planos pueden actuar como núcleos de regeneración, pero los sitios de ladera requieren mayores esfuerzos de restauración.

Abstract: Background: High-severity fires are serious anthropogenic threats to forests, as they can cause forest degradation on unrecoverable scales. Therefore, understanding the patterns and drivers of post-fire regeneration is essential to designing restoration proposals. Hypotheses: After a high-severity fire, we expected greater species richness and abundance of individuals in flat sites than in hillside sites since seeds, nutrients, and organic matter accumulate in flat landforms. Compared to some Pinus species, Quercus species are more drought-tolerant after a forest fire and, therefore, they are expected to dominate post-fire chronosequences. Study site: The study was conducted in the “La Primavera” Flora and Fauna Protection Area. Methods: We sampled vegetation and microenvironmental variables from 2021 to 2022 at 18 sites located on flat and hillside areas, at 3, 9, and ≥ 20 years since the last high-severity forest fires (TSF). Results: The richness of woody and herbaceous species was higher at 3 TSF and 9 TSF. The topographic condition did not significantly drive the richness and abundance of woody species, but richness and abundance of herbaceous species were significantly greater in flat sites. The oak tree Quercus resinosa Liebm. was the dominant species throughout the chronosequence. Conclusions: Quercus resinosa represents a foundational species for recovering forest structure and composition. Flat sites may act as regeneration nuclei, but hillside sites require greater restoration efforts.

Resumen Antecedentes: Dalea es endémico de América, posee amplia distribución en la provincia del Desierto Chihuahuense, sus especies se asocian a matorral xerófilo, bosque de encino y bosque de coníferas. Hipótesis: Las especies de Dalea funcionan como un subrogado de la flora y refuerzan las propuestas de regionalización para esta provincia. Sitio y años de estudio: Provincia del Desierto Chihuahuense, agosto 2020 a julio 2022. Métodos: Se elaboró una base de datos a partir de ejemplares de herbario. El análisis de riqueza de especies se realizó con una cuadricula de 1 × 1°. El endemismo ponderado (WE) y endemismo ponderado corregido (CWE) fueron estimados. Para regionalizar, el recambio de especies fue calculado y se aplicó el método de agrupación UPGMA. Para determinar la caracterización ambiental de los componentes bióticos, los grupos se cotejaron con ecorregiones publicadas. Resultados: Se encontraron 3,061 registros de 77 especies de Dalea, 33 son endémicas al área de estudio. La riqueza de especies se concentró al noroeste y sureste de la provincia. La riqueza de endémicos fue localizada en el centro y norte. El análisis de WE mostró tres celdas ubicadas en el centro del área de estudio; el CWE recuperó tres celdas al sur de la provincia. Se reconocen dos grupos principales (subprovincias), anidando grupos más pequeños (distritos). Los distritos corresponden en su mayoría a las ecorregiones del Desierto Chihuahuense, Matorral de la Meseta Central, Bosques secos del Bajío. Conclusiones: Dalea funcionó como subrogado de la flora y reforzó las propuestas de regionalización para esta provincia.

Abstract Background: Dalea is endemic to the Americas and has a wide in the Chihuahuan Desert province. Its species are associated with xeric scrub, oak forest, and coniferous forest. Hypothesis: Dalea species function as a surrogate of the flora and reinforce the regionalization proposals for this province. Study site and research period: Chihuahuan Desert province, August 2020 to July 2022. Methods: A database was generated from herbarium specimens. The species richness analysis was obtained using a 1 × 1° grid. Weighted endemism (WE) and corrected weighted endemism (CWE) were analyzed and estimated. For regionalization, species replacement was calculated and the UPGMA grouping method was applied. The resulting groups were checked against the published ecoregions to determine the biotic components of the environmental characterization. Results: 3,061 records were obtained, representing 77 species, of which 33 are endemics to the study area. The northwestern and southeastern parts of the province had the highest species richness. The central and northern parts had the highest endemic species richness. The WE analysis showed three cells located in the center of the study area, while the CWE recovered three cells at the south of the province. Two large main subprovinces are recognized, these nesting smaller area groups (districts). The districts mostly correspond to the ecoregions of the Chihuahuan Desert, Scrub of the Central Plateau, and Dry forests of the Bajío. Conclusions: Dalea was a surrogate for the flora and reinforced the regionalization proposals for this province.

Brejos Nordestinos (northeastern highland wet forests) is a unique ecosystem within the Northeastern Atlantic Forest. This area encompasses a mosaic of humid forests above 600 meters in the semi-arid region, forming an ecotone area. These environmental conditions create an optimal ecosystem for the diversification of plants, including ferns. Pico do Jabre in Paraíba state, with an elevation of 1,208 meters above sea level, is an example of Brejo Nordestino. This study reports the occurrence of Pleopeltis pleopeltidis in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest, particularly at Pico do Jabre, a new record of P. pleopeltifolia for Paraíba state, and the local fern flora. Additional records of P. pleopeltidis were found in the municipalities of Triunfo, and Floresta, in Pernambuco state, which are also classified as Brejos Nordestinos with elevations exceeding 1,000 meters above sea level. These findings extend the species' known extent of occurrence by approximately 40%. The conservation status of P. pleopeltidis is suggested as Vulnerable (VU) across its entire range and Endangered (EN) in Northeast Brazil. The distance between populations in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest and the nearest populations in Bahia state ranges from 763-931 km, indicating a potential disjunction. Although the species occurs in three relatively close Brejos Nordestinos, the fragmented nature of the Northeastern Atlantic Forest results in isolated populations on these biogeographical islands, surrounded by a Caatinga (seasonally dry tropical forest) matrix.

Los Brejos Nordestinos (bosques húmedos de tierras altas del noreste) son un ecosistema único dentro del Bosque Atlántico del Nordeste. Esta área abarca un mosaico de bosques húmedos por encima de los 600 metros en la región semiárida, formando una zona de ecotono. Estas condiciones ambientales crean un ecosistema óptimo para la diversificación de plantas, incluidos los helechos. El Pico do Jabre, en el estado de Paraíba, con una altitud de 1208 metros sobre el nivel del mar, es un ejemplo de Brejo Nordestino. Este estudio reporta la ocurrencia de Pleopeltis pleopeltidis en el Bosque Atlántico del Nordeste, particularmente en el Pico do Jabre, un nuevo registro de P. pleopeltifolia para el estado de Paraíba, y en la flora local de helechos. Se encontraron registros adicionales de P. pleopeltidis en los municipios de Triunfo y Floresta, en el estado de Pernambuco, que también están clasificados como Brejos Nordestinos con elevaciones superiores a los 1000 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Estos hallazgos amplían la extensión conocida de ocurrencia de la especie en aproximadamente un 40%. Se sugiere que el estado de conservación de P. pleopeltidis sea vulnerable (VU) en toda su área de distribución y en peligro (EN) en el noreste de Brasil. La distancia entre las poblaciones del Bosque Atlántico del Nordeste y las poblaciones más cercanas en el estado de Bahía varía entre 763 y 931 km, lo que indica una posible disyunción. Aunque la especie ocurre en tres Brejos Nordestinos relativamente cercanos, la naturaleza fragmentada del Bosque Atlántico del Nordeste da como resultado poblaciones aisladas en estas islas biogeográficas, rodeadas por una matriz de Caatinga (bosque tropical seco estacionalmente).

Abstract Introduction: The vaginal flora consists in different microorganisms that promote a balanced interaction between the vaginal microbiome, hormonal status, products of microbial metabolism, and the host’s immune response. The instability of the vaginal ecosystem can lead to vulvovaginitis, which is a reason for frequent consultation in primary health care, as bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis, are responsible for most diagnoses. There are other pathologies with similar presentations but less frequent. However, these are not considered to result in wrong diagnoses and treatments, such as cytolytic vaginosis. Case description: A 20-year-old woman complained of abundant vaginal discharge, use of daily sanitary pads, itching, and odor change within one month of evolution. The physical examination highlights the redness of the external lips and vaginal introitus, as abundant, non-adherent, non-airy, and odorless mucous discharge. Cervicovaginal cytology was performed on a slide that showed inflammation and was negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancies. A culture of vaginal exudate was requested, which showed abundant epithelial cells and numerous Doderlein bacilli. Considering the presented case, the most likely diagnosis of cytolytic vaginosis was assumed. Recommendations were given, sitz baths with sodium bicarbonate were prescribed, and the patient remained asymptomatic. Comment: In the case of a patient with symptoms of vaginal discharge and itching, the first diagnostic hypothesis should consider the prevalence of the most frequent vulvovaginal infections. However, the culture of the exudate allowed us to exclude the presence of bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The patient’s symptoms and physical examination findings are characteristic of cytolytic vaginosis. The culture of the exudate confirmed the suspicion, and the appropriate diagnosis and treatment were performed. This case is intended to alert clinicians to the existence of this pathology that can often go unnoticed, compromising women’s health.

Resumo Introdução: A flora vaginal é constituída por diferentes microorganismos que promovem uma interação equilibrada entre o microbioma vaginal, estado hormonal, produtos do metabolismo microbiano e resposta imune do hospedeiro. A instabilidade do ecossistema vaginal pode levar a vulvovaginites, que são um motivo de consulta frequente nos cuidados de saúde primários, sendo a vaginose bacteriana, candidíase vaginal e tricomoníase responsáveis pela maioria dos diagnósticos. Existem outras patologias com apresentações semelhantes que, por serem menos frequentes, não são ponderadas e resultam em diagnósticos e tratamentos errados como a vaginose citolítica. Descrição do caso: Mulher de 20 anos de idade, com queixas de corrimento vaginal abundante, necessidade de uso de penso diário, prurido e alteração de odor com um mês de evolução. Ao exame objetivo destaca-se a ruborização dos lábios externos e introito vaginal, corrimento mucoso abundante, não aderente, não arejado e sem cheiro. É efetuada citologia cervico-vaginal em lâmina, que apresentava inflamação e foi negativa para lesão intraepitelial ou malignidade. Foi pedida cultura de exsudado vaginal, que apresentava abundantes células epiteliais e numerosos bacilos de Doderlein. Tendo em conta o quadro apresentado foi assumido como diagnóstico mais provável vaginose citolítica. Foram dadas recomendações e prescritos banhos de assento com bicarbonato de sódio, tendo a utente ficado assintomática. Comentário: Perante uma doente com sintomas de corrimento vaginal e prurido, a primeira hipótese diagnóstica deverá considerar a prevalência das infeções vulvovaginais mais frequentes. Contudo, a cultura do exsudado permitiu excluir a presença de bactérias, fungos e parasitas. A sintomatologia apresentada pela doente e os achados do exame físico são característicos da vaginose citolítica. A cultura do exsudado corroborou a suspeita, sendo feito o diagnóstico e o tratamento adequados. Com este caso pretende-se alertar os clínicos para a existência desta patologia, que pode muitas vezes passar despercebida, comprometendo a saúde da mulher.

Abstract Introduction The degradation of forest ecosystems has driven the adoption of mechanisms for their conservation and sustainable use. Objective To identify the state of knowledge regarding oak forests in Mexico associated with public policy mechanisms for conservation and use: Natural Protected Areas (NPA), Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), and Community Forest Management (CFM). Materials and methods The methodological framework of search, evaluation, synthesis, and analysis was used. Information was obtained from Scopus, Scielo, and Redalyc platforms. The found documents were subjected to an inclusion and exclusion process based on criteria of temporality and primary sources. Results and discussion A total of 662 studies were identified, of which 37 published between 2000 and 2022 were analyzed. Of these, 17 are related to Community Forest Management (CFM), examining characteristics of forest communities and socio-ecological effects; 13 addressed topics related to NPA, focusing on the conservation biology of flora and fauna; and two contributions centered on PES, highlighting analyses and evaluations of socio-environmental effects. Lastly, five studies involved two or three of the mentioned instruments. Conclusions The analysis of oak forests concerning public policies for conservation and sustainable use has significantly increased. The studies indicate that such policies contribute to reducing the risk of adverse changes in these forests. Due to the ecological, social, and economic importance of oak forests, it is recommended to understand them through socio-ecological systems and transdisciplinary approaches.

Resumen Introducción El deterioro de los ecosistemas forestales ha impulsado la adopción de mecanismos para su conservación y uso sostenible. Objetivo Identificar el estado del conocimiento en torno a los bosques de encino en México, asociados a mecanismos de políticas públicas de conservación y uso: Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP), Pago por Servicios Ambientales (PSA) y Manejo Forestal Comunitario (MFC). Material y métodos Se utilizó el marco metodológico de búsqueda, evaluación, síntesis y análisis. La información se obtuvo en las plataformas de Scopus, Scielo y Redalyc. Los documentos encontrados se sometieron a un proceso de inclusión y exclusión de acuerdo con criterios de temporalidad y fuentes primarias. Resultados y discusión Se identificaron 662 investigaciones de las que se analizaron 37 publicadas en el periodo 2000-2022. De estas, 17 se relacionan con el MFC y estudian características de las comunidades forestales y efectos socioecológicos; 13 abordaron temáticas relacionadas con ANP, enfocadas en biología de la conservación de flora y fauna; y dos contribuciones se centraron en el PSA, las cuales destacan los análisis y evaluación de los efectos socioambientales. Por último, cinco investigaciones involucran a dos y tres de los instrumentos mencionados. Conclusiones El análisis de los bosques de encino en relación con políticas públicas de conservación y aprovechamiento ha experimentado notable aumento. Los estudios indican que este tipo de políticas contribuyen a reducir el riesgo de cambios adversos en estos bosques. Debido a la importancia ecológica, social y económica de los encinares, se sugiere abordar su comprensión desde perspectivas como el enfoque de los sistemas socioecológicos y la transdisciplina.

ABSTRACT This article is based on the reflections and experiences provoked from the project ‘Quilombola Communities and COVID-19: Development of social technologies for health promotion in the Médio Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais’. In this sense, we will discuss the processes of implementation of social technologies in the Quilombola Communities Córrego do Rocha and Córrego do Narciso, as well as the results achieved, their importance in the implementation of affirmative and reparative policies in the quilombola population and, finally, on the beginning of the consolidation of a sustainable and healthy territory within the scope of the quilombola communities of Vale do Jequitinhonha. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-19 Jequitinhonha Gerais. Gerais . Gerais’ sense Narciso achieved finally COVID1 1 COVID-1 COVID-

RESUMO Esse artigo é fruto das reflexões e experiências provocadas a partir do projeto ‘Comunidades Quilombolas e Covid-19: desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais para promoção de saúde no Médio Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais’. Nesse sentido, discutiremos os processos da implementação das tecnologias sociais nas Comunidades Quilombolas Córrego do Rocha e Córrego do Narciso, bem como os resultados alcançados, sua importância na efetivação de políticas afirmativas e reparativas na população quilombola e, por fim, o início da consolidação de um território sustentável e saudável no âmbito das comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Jequitinhonha. Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-19 Jequitinhonha Gerais. Gerais . Gerais’ sentido Narciso alcançados fim Covid1 1 Covid-1 Covid-

Abstract When a building is demolished, its cohesive and planned structure fractures into countless fragments. These heterogeneous and disorganised fragments blur the boundaries between what was once private - the domestic space - and what is now public - the formerly occupied land. In 2019, I stumbled upon a family photograph amidst the rubble left by the demolition of the last towers of the Bairro do Aleixo in Porto. Constructed in the 1970s, this was a public housing estate designed to accommodate families from Ribeira-Barredo who had been displaced due to urban redevelopment. Throughout the years, the five towers have hosted a sizable and fluctuating population that has adapted and made use of this previously unconventional housing model. From 2011 to 2019, Aleixo underwent three demolition operations, politically supported by arguments citing its structural and social deterioration as justification. The first two were striking implosions broadcasted on television, whereas the final demolition, which I witnessed, unfolded as a slow deconstruction spanning several months. In the photograph, the woman dressed in white poses on a balcony of Tower 1 within the old Bairro do Aleixo. In the background stands the phallic skeleton of Tower 4, which would be imploded decades later. Upon its unearthing, the photograph, weathered by time and circumstance, hinted at a conceptual connection with the debris surrounding it. In this article, my focus centres on this found photograph, aiming to unveil the processes and tensions encapsulated within this fragment. I draw on the ontological connections between photography and death, as well as between photography and ruin, to analyse the spectral image of this obliterated site. I delve into what the encounter with this image might reveal about the memory of the neighbourhood, its public image, and the extensive and violent process of displacing its residents. I reach the concept of a "rubble-image" as pivotal in interpreting this nearly vanished imprint that stubbornly affirms the persistence of a dissenting and complex place, supposedly erased from public space and suppressed from urban memory by dominant sensibilities.

Resumo Quando uma edificação é demolida, a sua estrutura, unitária e planeada, é desintegrada em incontáveis fragmentos. Heterogéneos e desordenados, estes fragmentos borram os limites entre o que era privado - o espaço doméstico - e o que é público - o terreno antes ocupado. Em 2019, encontrei uma fotografia familiar entre os escombros da demolição das últimas torres do Bairro do Aleixo, no Porto. Este foi um conjunto de habitação pública construído na década de 1970 para realojar famílias da Ribeira-Barredo, deslocadas por uma reabilitação urbana. Ao longo do tempo, as cinco torres abrigaram uma população numerosa e mutável que se apropriou desse modelo de habitação até então incomum. Entre 2011 e 2019, o Aleixo foi alvo de três operações de demolição, politicamente justificadas por sua degradação estrutural e social. As duas primeiras foram implosões espetaculares e televisionadas, enquanto a última, que presenciei, foi uma lenta desconstrução que durou meses. Na fotografia, uma mulher vestida de branco posa numa varanda da Torre 1 do antigo Bairro do Aleixo. Ao fundo, paira o esqueleto fálico da Torre 4, implodida décadas depois. Quando encontrada, a fotografia, arruinada pelo tempo e pelas circunstâncias, sugeria uma afinidade conceptual com os escombros que a cercavam. Neste artigo, detenho-me sobre essa fotografia encontrada, objetivando desvelar os processos e as tensões armazenadas nesse fragmento. Recorro às relações ontológicas entre fotografia e morte, também entre fotografia e ruína, para analisar a imagem espectral desse sítio obliterado. Desenvolvo o que o encontro com ela pode indicar sobre a memória do bairro, a sua imagem pública, assim como o longo e violento processo de remoção dos seus moradores. Chego à noção de “imagem-escombro” como chave de leitura para esse vestígio quase desaparecido que afirma teimosamente a persistência de um lugar dissidente e complexo, pretensamente apagado do espaço público e suprimido da memória urbana pelas sensibilidades dominantes.