El objetivo de este artículo fue conocer las percepciones de hombres trans sobre violencias vividas en diversos contextos. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con ocho hombres trans, con o sin intervenciones corporales. Después de un análisis reflexivo de datos, el corpus se concentró en dos temas analíticos: “negación de las identidades trans” y “control de lo diverso”. Se señala la prevalencia de la violencia psicológica, la familia como principal promotora de violencias, los perjuicios en las salud física y mental. Relaciones conyugales, amistades y psicoterapias son modos de enfrentar las violencias debido a la ausencia de soporte legal. Se mencionaron las violencias entre pares como modo de reproducción de normativas de masculinidad. Se comprenden como violencias de género los actos que pretenden atacar al sujeto que se desencuentra con la cis-heteronormatividad y la masculinidad hegemónica, consistiendo en la lectura social como posibilidad de legitimización social de la identidad y consecuente disminución de la vulnerabilidad.

This article explores trans men's perceptions of violence in different contexts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight trans men, regardless of whether they had undergone interventions in their body or not. After reflective data analysis, the corpus was concatenated into two analytical themes: "denial of trans identities" and "control of diversity". The findings point to prevalence of psychological violence, family as the main perpetrator of violence and adverse physical and mental health effects. Marital relationships, friendships and psychotherapy were seen as ways of dealing with violence in the face of lack of legal support. Peer violence was highlighted as a way of reproducing masculinity norms. Gender-based violence was understood as acts aimed at attacking individuals who are at odds with cisheteronormativity and hegemonic masculinity and social reading was viewed as an alternative for promoting the social legitimization of identity and consequent reduction of vulnerability.

Neste artigo, objetivou-se conhecer as percepções de homens trans acerca de violências vividas em diversos contextos. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito homens trans, com ou sem intervenções corporais. Após análise reflexiva de dados, o corpus concatenou-se em dois temas analíticos: “negação das identidades trans” e “controle do diverso”. Aponta-se para a prevalência da violência psicológica; a família como principal promotora de violências; e prejuízos na saúde física e mental. Relacionamentos conjugais, amizades e psicoterapias são modos de lidar com as violências em razão da ausência de suporte legal. Violências entre pares foram mencionadas como modo de reprodução de normativas de masculinidade. Compreende-se como violências de gênero atos que pretendem atacar o sujeito que se desencontra com a cis-heteronormatividade e a masculinidade hegemônica, consistindo na leitura social como possibilidade de legitimação social da identidade e consequente diminuição da vulnerabilidade.

Resumen (Introducción): En los últimos 20 años, los bosques tropicales latinoamericanos han disminuido un 25 %, afectando la biodiversidad, los servicios ecosistémicos y los recursos hídricos. La microcuenca del río Maravilla, ubicada en Jiménez, Cartago, Costa Rica, enfrenta deforestación por monocultivos y ganadería, aumentando el riesgo de inundaciones. (Objetivo): Desarrollar un proceso de rehabilitación ecológica en el área de protección del río Maravilla para re0cuperar la funcionalidad ecológica, su productividad y la biodiversidad local. (Metodología): Esta investigación se llevó a cabo entre 2021 y 2023, incluyó recorridos de campo, análisis de servicios ecosistémicos, evaluación multicriterio y delimitación de áreas de protección. Se consideraron criterios de accesibilidad, ausencia de cobertura vegetal forestal, uso recreacional y conformidad con la normativa de protección. Se identificaron 137 especies y 49 familias de flora con potencial para la restauración y se implementaron técnicas variadas para el establecimiento de especies. (Resultados): Se evidencia una significativa recuperación de la vegetación con la siembra de 1 828 árboles, 3 483 arbustos, 342 herbáceas y 7 lianas. Las técnicas de cercas vivas, siembra directa, métodos de zigzag y tresbolillos, fueron efectivas para controlar agentes perturbadores, incrementar la conectividad, atraer biodiversidad y mejorar las condiciones del suelo. (Conclusiones): Se destaca la importancia de utilizar especies adaptadas a las condiciones locales y de involucrar a la comunidad para asegurar la sostenibilidad de los esfuerzos de rehabilitación. (Recomendaciones): Continuar con el desarrollo de programas educativos para fomentar la participación comunitaria y continuar con el monitoreo y mantenimiento de las áreas rehabilitadas. Además, se sugiere fortalecer la colaboración interinstitucional y con las ONG para expandir los esfuerzos de restauración ecológica.

Abstract (Introduction): Over the last 20 years, Latin American tropical forests have decreased by 25 %, affecting biodiversity, ecosystem services, and water resources. The Maravilla River micro-watershed, located in Jiménez, Cartago, Costa Rica, faces deforestation due to monocultures and cattle ranching, increasing the risk of flooding. (Objective): To develop an ecological rehabilitation process in the Maravilla River protection area to restore its ecological functionality, productivity, and local biodiversity. (Methodology): This research was conducted between 2021 and 2023 and included field surveys, ecosystem services analysis, multicriteria evaluation, and delineation of protection areas. Criteria such as accessibility, lack of forest vegetation cover, recreational use, and compliance with protection regulations were considered. A total of 137 species and 49 plant families with restoration potential were identified, and various techniques were implemented for species establishment. (Results): A significant recovery of vegetation was evidenced by the planting of 1 828 trees, 3 483 shrubs, 342 herbaceous plants, and 7 lianas. Techniques including live fencing, direct seeding, zigzag methods, and the tresbolillos method proved effective in controlling disruptive agents, increasing connectivity, attracting biodiversity, and improving soil conditions. (Conclusions): The study highlights the importance of using species adapted to local conditions and involving the community to ensure the sustainability of rehabilitation efforts. (Recommendations): Continue developing educational programs to foster community participation and maintain monitoring and maintenance of rehabilitated areas. Additionally, it is suggested to strengthen inter-institutional collaboration and cooperation with NGOs to expand ecological restoration efforts.

Resumo Microcycas calocoma é considerada “Jóia da Flora de Cuba” e está categorizada como espécie “Criticamente Ameaçada” pela Lista Vermelha da Flora de Cuba, razão pela qual sua conservação é necessária. O objetivo do estudo é caracterizar três novas localidades ao norte de San Diego de los Baños, Los Palacios, onde é relatada a presença da espécie. Em cada local foram registrados o número total de indivíduos, a altura das plantas, o perímetro do tronco, a presença de danos mecânicos, o estado fitossanitário e o nível de epifitismo. Foram registrados 17 indivíduos, agrupados nas segundas fases do seu ciclo de vida. Seis indivíduos apresentaram danos mecânicos com bom estado fitossanitário e baixo epifitismo. As localidades descritas podem representar remanescentes de uma população anterior, por isso é necessário incorporar esses registros como parte do plano de conservação ex situ e in situ da espécie.

Abstract Microcycas Calocoma is considered the "Jewel of Cuban Flora" and is categorized as a "Critically Endangered" species by the Red List of Cuban Flora, which is why its conservation is essential. The objective of the study is to characterize three new localities north of San Diego de los Baños, Los Palacios, where the species has been reported. At each locality, the total number of individuals, plant height, trunk girth, presence of mechanical damage, phytosanitary status, and level of epiphytism were recorded. A total of 17 individuals were recorded, grouped toward the second phases of their life cycle. Six individuals presented mechanical damage with good phytosanitary status and low epiphytism. The described localities could represent remnants of a previous population, so it is necessary to incorporate these records as part of the ex situ and in situ conservation plan for the species.

Resumen Microcycas calocoma es considerada “Joya de la Flora de Cuba” y se categoriza como especie en “Peligro Crítico” por la Lista Roja Flora de Cuba, razón por la que es necesaria su conservación. El objetivo del estudio es caracterizar tres nuevas localidades al norte de San Diego de los Baños, Los Palacios donde se reporta la presencia de la especie. En cada localidad se registró el total de individuos, la altura de la planta, perímetro del tronco, presencia de daños mecánicos, estado fitosanitario y el nivel de epifitismo. Se registraron un total de 17 individuos, que se agrupan hacia las segundas fases de su ciclo de vida. Seis individuos presentaron daños mecánicos con estado fitosanitario bueno y bajo epifitismo. Las localidades descritas pudieran representar remanentes de una población anterior, por lo que es necesario incorporar estos registros como parte del plan de conservación ex situ e in situ de la especie.

ABSTRACT Socio-emotional skills constitute a rigorous criterion in the face of political and practical conceptions in the educational teaching process. The demands of the school model that are based on contemporary trends regarding quality evaluation and the school is conceived to value the role of all educational actors who participate. The work presented articulates socio-emotional skills in basic general education and its fundamental contribution is specified in a methodology that will allow, through workshops from the school, to give the intervention a prospective, mediating and participatory character. The mixed approach of the methodology values the role of the actors involved, to evaluate the process and assumes the result of the development of socio-emotional skills as a criterion that values the practice associated with the work of the basic general school.

RESUMEN Las habilidades socioemocionales constituyen un criterio de rigor ante las concepciones políticas y prácticas en el proceso docente educativo. Las exigencias del modelo de escuela que se sustenta en las tendencias contemporáneas acerca de la evaluación de la calidad y se concibe desde la escuela valorizar el papel de todos los actores educativos que participan. El trabajo que se presenta articula las habilidades socioemocionales en la educación general básica y su aporte fundamental se concreta en una metodología que permitirá mediante talleres desde la escuela otorgarle a la intervención un carácter prospectivo, mediador y participativo. El enfoque mixto de la metodología valoriza el rol de los actores implicados, para evaluar el proceso y asume el resultado del desarrollo de las habilidades socioemocionales como un criterio que valoriza la práctica asociada al trabajo de la escuela general básica.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: El Refugio de Vida Silvestre “Los Pantanos de Villa” es una muestra representativa de los humedales de la costa árida del Pacífico sudamericano, sin embargo, su flora exótica es desconocida y puede amenazar el ecosistema. Este trabajo pretende identificar la presencia y distribución de las especies exóticas arbustivas-arbóreas en el humedal, analizar su relación con las comunidades vegetales nativas y registrar sus insectos fitófagos más frecuentes. M&M: Se realizó un censo forestal en tres comunidades vegetales: gramadal, totoral y juncal, un análisis de ordenamiento y similitud, y la identificación de los insectos fitófagos como plagas potenciales en dichas especies exóticas. Resultados y discusión: Se registraron 11 especies exóticas, con un total de 481 individuos. La más abundante fue Eucalyptus globulus (190 individuos), seguida de Casuarina equisetifolia (74), Prosopis sp. (70), Washingtonia robusta (58), Phoenix dactylifera (41), Tamarix aphylla (21), Schinus terebinthifolius (15), Myoporum acuminatum (7), Thuja sp. (2), Acacia aroma (2) y Araucaria excelsa (1). La comunidad de gramadal presentó la mayor cantidad de especies e individuos de flora exótica (9 especies/413 individuos), seguido del juncal (6/60) y el totoral (2/8). Las tres comunidades mostraron una baja similitud (<50 %) de flora exótica. Se reconocieron 13 especies de insectos fitófagos, siendo Icerya purchasi y Aleurodicus juleikae las más frecuentes. Conclusiones: El presente estudio aporta al conocimiento de las especies exóticas arbustivas-arbóreas del humedal Ramsar los Pantanos de Villa, brindando información sólida para desarrollar estrategias de gestión de especies exóticas en este tipo de ecosistemas.

Summary Background and aims: The “Los Pantanos de Villa" Wildlife Refuge is a representative sample of the wetlands of the South American Pacific arid coast; however, its exotic flora remains unknown and may threaten the ecosystem. This work aims to identify the presence and distribution of exotic shrub-arboreal species in the wetland, to analyze their relationship with native plant communities, and record their most frequent pests. M&M: A forest census was carried out in three plant communities: gramadal, totoral, and juncal, followed by an order and similarity analysis, and the identification of the phytophagous insects or pests registered in these exotic species. Results and discussion: Eleven exotic shrub-arboreal species were recorded, with a total of 481 individuals. The most abundant was Eucalyptus globulus (190 individuals), followed by Casuarina equisetifolia (74), Prosopis sp. (70), Washingtonia robusta (58), Phoenix dactylifera (41), Tamarix aphylla (21), Schinus terebinthifolius (15), Myoporum acuminatum (7), Acacia aroma (2), Thuja sp. (2), and Araucaria excelsa (1). The gramadal community presented the highest number of species and individuals of exotic flora (9 species/413 individuals), followed by the juncal (6/60) and the totoral (2/8). The three communities showed a low similarity (<50 %) of exotic flora. Thirteen species of phytophagous insects were recognized, with Icerya purchasi and Aleurodicus juleikae the most frequent ones. Conclusions: This study enhances the knowledge of exotic shrub-arboreal species in Los Pantanos de Villa Ramsar wetland, providing solid information to guide the development of management strategies for exotic species in this ecosystem type.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: El estudio de las especies espontáneas del sudeste bonaerense con potencial alimenticio, es abordado desde el conocimiento de la comunidad y la evaluación nutricional, con los objetivos de presentar una lista actualizada de especies, indagar sobre conocimientos asociados a las mismas y ofrecer un perfil nutricional de especies seleccionadas. M&M: Se realizó un listado de especies a partir de bibliografía. El trabajo de campo incluyó dos encuestas, con 451 y 178 participantes respectivamente. Se realizó un análisis nutricional de siete especies que incluyó humedad, cenizas, grasa bruta, proteína bruta, fibra y carbohidratos digeribles. Resultados: La lista de especies de crecimiento espontáneo en el sudeste bonaerense, con potencial uso como comestibles, incluyó 236 especies de 64 familias. Las encuestas muestran que los habitantes del sudeste bonaerense tienen conocimiento de especies de la flora espontánea, así como interés por incorporar las mismas a la dieta. Los análisis nutricionales de las especies analizadas indican que las mismas tienen valores deseables de los distintos parámetros medidos, lo cual las hace viables para incorporarlas a la dieta. Conclusiones: La flora espontánea nativa y/o exótica del sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires incluye especies con potencial alimenticio, de las cuales los miembros de la comunidad tienen conocimiento para identificarlas, recolectarlas, y sobre sus usos, que pueden ser rescatados y compartidos. Asimismo, se aportan análisis nutricionales novedosos de siete especies de la región.

Summary Background and aims: The study of spontaneous species in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province with food potential is approached from the knowledge of the community and nutritional assessment, with the objectives of presenting an updated list of species, inquiring about knowledge associated with them and offering a nutritional profile of selected species. M&M: A list of species was compiled from the bibliography. Field work included two surveys, with 451 and 178 participants respectively. A nutritional analysis of seven species was carried out, including moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, fibre and digestible carbohydrates. Results: The list of species that grow spontaneously in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province, with potential use as edible plants, included 236 species from 64 families. The surveys show that the inhabitants of the southeast of Buenos Aires are aware of species of spontaneous flora, as well as interested in incorporating those into their diet. The nutritional analyses of the species analyzed indicate that they have desirable values for the different parameters measured, which makes them viable for incorporation into the diet. Conclusions: The native and/or exotic spontaneous flora of the southeast of the Buenos Aires Province includes edible species with nutritional value, of which community members have knowledge to identify, collect, and know about their uses, which can be rescued and shared. In addition, novel nutritional analyses of seven species from the region are provided.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: La familia Rubiaceae no presenta actualizaciones sobre su distribución dentro del macrosistema Iberá desde hace más de 20 años. Se presenta un estudio para actualizar el inventario de especies y las distribuciones para cada una, resaltar caracteres diagnósticos y determinar vacíos de conocimiento. M&M: A partir de la Flora del Iberá y del análisis de los datos de etiqueta y la morfología de ejemplares de herbario se corroboró la identificación y se georeferenció cada colección. Se registró para cada especie la forma de crecimiento, caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos, la distribución geográfica y el hábitat. Resultados: Se registraron 16 géneros y 33 especies. Se excluyen del macrosistema Iberá a Borreria orinocensis y Galium uruguayense y se suman Borreria krapocarmeniana y Randia heteromera. Se provee de una clave de identificación para Rubiaceae en el área. Los actuales puntos de colección de la familia no han cambiado con respecto a los últimos 20 años. Conclusiones: Se destaca un vacío de información ligado a la falta de colecciones dentro de las zonas más centrales del macrosistema. La actualización de los listados de especies en áreas protegidas permite contar con información crucial para la adecuada gestión y conservación de la biodiversidad.

Summary Background and aims: The Rubiaceae family has not had any updates on its distribution within the Iberá macrosystem for over 20 years. This study aims to update the species inventory and their distributions, highlight diagnostic characteristics, and identify knowledge gaps. M&M: Based on Flora del Iberá and the analysis of label data and the morphology of herbarium specimens, identifications were corroborated, and each collection was georeferenced. Growth form, diagnostic morphological characters, geographical distributions, and habitats were recorded for each species. Results: Sixteen genera and 33 species were recorded. Borreria orinocensis and Galium uruguayense were excluded from the Iberá Macrosystem, and Borreria krapocarmeniana and Randia heteromera were added. An identificaron key for all Rubiaceae in the area is provided. The current collection points of the family have not changed compared to the last 20 years. Conclusions: There is a considerable information gap, linked to the lack of collections in the most central areas of the Iberá Macrosystem. Updating the lists of species in protected areas provides crucial information for the proper management and conservation of biodiversity.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de prática de bullying e fatores associados entre adolescentes brasileiros, segundo a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostragem por conglomerados. A variável desfecho, prática de bullying, foi obtida pela pergunta "Nos últimos 30 dias, você esculachou, zombou, mangou, intimidou ou caçoou algum de seus colegas da escola tanto que ele ficou magoado, aborrecido, ofendido ou humilhado?" (sim/não). Foram analisadas associações com características sociodemográficas, familiares, saúde mental e comportamentos de risco, utilizando regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: 12,1% (IC95% 11,7-12,6) dos adolescentes relataram praticar bullying. Houve associação positiva entre meninos (RP 1,66; IC95% 1,55-1,77); autodeclarados pretos (RP 1,23; IC95% 1,11-1,36) e pardos (RP 1,1; IC95% 1,02-1,18); de escola privada (RP 1,29; IC95% 1,21-1,37), que sentiam-se solitários (RP 1,17; IC95% 1,09-1,26), que a vida não vale a pena (RP 1,28; IC95% 1,19-1,39), apanharam de familiar (RP 1,67; IC95% 1,55-1,79), faltaram às aulas (RP 1,23; IC95% 1,15-1,31), usavam tabaco (RP 1,34; IC95% 1,22-1,47), álcool (RP 1,38; IC95% 1,28-1,50) e drogas regularmente (RP 1,17; IC95% 1,04-1,31) e tiveram relação sexual (RP 1,26; IC95% 1,18-1,35). A idade 16 e 17 anos (RP 0,82; IC95% 0,76-0,89) e supervisão familiar foram protetoras (RP 0,70; IC95% 0,66-0,75). Conclusão: Praticar bullying foi mais provável entre meninos, mais jovens, com problemas familiares e de saúde mental, e comportamentos de risco. Observa-se a importância de práticas como supervisão familiar contra o bullying.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence of bullying practices and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents, according to the National Survey of School Health 2019. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling. The outcome variable, bullying practice, was assessed by the question: "In the last 30 days, have you mocked, ridiculed, teased, intimidated, or bullied any of your schoolmates to the point that they felt hurt, upset, offended, or humiliated?" (yes/no). Associations with sociodemographic characteristics, family environment, mental health, and risk behaviors were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: 12.1% (95%CI 11.7-12.6) of adolescents reported bullying others. Positive associations were found among boys (PR 1.66; 95%CI 1.55-1.77); self-declared Black (PR 1.23; 95%CI 1.11-1.36) and brown (PR 1.1; 95%CI 1.02-1.18) adolescents; private school students (PR 1.29; 95%CI 1.21-1.37); those who felt lonely (PR 1.17; 95%CI 1.09-1.26); thought life was not worth living (PR 1.28; 95%CI 1.19-1.39); were physically assaulted by a family member (PR 1.67; 95%CI 1.55-1.79); skipped classes (PR 1.23; 95%CI 1.15-1.31); used tobacco (PR 1.34; 95%CI 1.22-1.47), alcohol (PR 1.38; 95%CI 1.28-1.50), and drugs (PR 1.17; 95%CI 1.04-1.31) regularly; and had sexual relations (PR 1.26; 95%CI 1.18-1.35). Ages 16 and 17 (PR 0.82; 95%CI 0.76-0.89) and family supervision were protective factors (PR 0.70; 95%CI 0.66-0.75). Conclusion: Bullying was more likely among boys, younger adolescents, those with family and mental health issues, and those engaged in risk behaviors. The importance of practices, such as family supervision in preventing bullying, is highlighted.

Abstract Serra de São José and Serra do Lenheiro are mountain ranges situated in a transitional zone between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains, with elevations ranging from 850 to 1,430 m and 900 to 1,246 m, respectively. Comprising primarily quartzite, both ranges feature extensive Campos rupestres areas, serving as optimal habitats for plants of the Ericaceae family. In order to comprehend the richness and morphology of Ericaceae species in these ranges, we conducted a taxonomic treatment for the family, incorporating identification keys and species illustrations. In total, nine species belonging to the Ericaceae family were identified, with five attributed to the genus Agarista and four to Gaylussacia.

Resumo As Serras de São José e do Lenheiro estão localizadas em uma área de transição entre os domínios Cerrado e Mata Atlântica, e possuem altitudes que variam de 850 a 1.430 m e 900 e 1.246 m, respectivamente. Ambas são formadas principalmente por quartzito com muitas áreas de campos rupestres, ambientes ideais para plantas da família Ericaceae. Para conhecer a riqueza e morfologia das espécies de Ericaceae dessas serras, realizamos um tratamento taxonômico para a família, no qual incluímos chaves de identificação e ilustração para as espécies. Ao total foram encontradas nove espécies pertencentes a família Ericaceae, sendo cinco ao gênero Agarista e quatro a Gaylussacia.

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) stands out as the most prevalent neoplasm during childhood, characterized by the rapid production of abnormal lymphoid cells. Chemotherapy administered to these patients may induce a substantial imbalance in the oral microbiota. A prospective pediatric study encompassing a control group (without ALL) and ALL patients at two treatment stages (pre-induction and consolidation) was conducted. Clinical and laboratory data were meticulously collected. Moreover, DNA from saliva samples was extracted for 16S rRNA sequencing. Clinical data revealed a heightened incidence of oral mucositis during the consolidation phase. Analysis of alpha biodiversity (observed taxa) exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial richness among patients in the consolidation phase. Network analysis identified key taxa during this phase, namely Neisseria flavescens, Prevotella melaninogenica and Porphyromonas. The findings underscore the substantial impact of ALL treatment on the oral microbiota composition, indicating diminished bacterial diversity and an elevated prevalence of oral mucositis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de prática de bullying e fatores associados entre adolescentes brasileiros, segundo a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostragem por conglomerados. A variável desfecho, prática de bullying, foi obtida pela pergunta "Nos últimos 30 dias, você esculachou, zombou, mangou, intimidou ou caçoou algum de seus colegas da escola tanto que ele ficou magoado, aborrecido, ofendido ou humilhado?" (sim/não). Foram analisadas associações com características sociodemográficas, familiares, saúde mental e comportamentos de risco, utilizando regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: 12,1% (IC95% 11,7-12,6) dos adolescentes relataram praticar bullying. Houve associação positiva entre meninos (RP 1,66; IC95% 1,55-1,77); autodeclarados pretos (RP 1,23; IC95% 1,11-1,36) e pardos (RP 1,1; IC95% 1,02-1,18); de escola privada (RP 1,29; IC95% 1,21-1,37), que sentiam-se solitários (RP 1,17; IC95% 1,09-1,26), que a vida não vale a pena (RP 1,28; IC95% 1,19-1,39), apanharam de familiar (RP 1,67; IC95% 1,55-1,79), faltaram às aulas (RP 1,23; IC95% 1,15-1,31), usavam tabaco (RP 1,34; IC95% 1,22-1,47), álcool (RP 1,38; IC95% 1,28-1,50) e drogas regularmente (RP 1,17; IC95% 1,04-1,31) e tiveram relação sexual (RP 1,26; IC95% 1,18-1,35). A idade 16 e 17 anos (RP 0,82; IC95% 0,76-0,89) e supervisão familiar foram protetoras (RP 0,70; IC95% 0,66-0,75). Conclusão: Praticar bullying foi mais provável entre meninos, mais jovens, com problemas familiares e de saúde mental, e comportamentos de risco. Observa-se a importância de práticas como supervisão familiar contra o bullying.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence of bullying practices and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents, according to the National Survey of School Health 2019. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling. The outcome variable, bullying practice, was assessed by the question: "In the last 30 days, have you mocked, ridiculed, teased, intimidated, or bullied any of your schoolmates to the point that they felt hurt, upset, offended, or humiliated?" (yes/no). Associations with sociodemographic characteristics, family environment, mental health, and risk behaviors were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: 12.1% (95%CI 11.7-12.6) of adolescents reported bullying others. Positive associations were found among boys (PR 1.66; 95%CI 1.55-1.77); self-declared Black (PR 1.23; 95%CI 1.11-1.36) and brown (PR 1.1; 95%CI 1.02-1.18) adolescents; private school students (PR 1.29; 95%CI 1.21-1.37); those who felt lonely (PR 1.17; 95%CI 1.09-1.26); thought life was not worth living (PR 1.28; 95%CI 1.19-1.39); were physically assaulted by a family member (PR 1.67; 95%CI 1.55-1.79); skipped classes (PR 1.23; 95%CI 1.15-1.31); used tobacco (PR 1.34; 95%CI 1.22-1.47), alcohol (PR 1.38; 95%CI 1.28-1.50), and drugs (PR 1.17; 95%CI 1.04-1.31) regularly; and had sexual relations (PR 1.26; 95%CI 1.18-1.35). Ages 16 and 17 (PR 0.82; 95%CI 0.76-0.89) and family supervision were protective factors (PR 0.70; 95%CI 0.66-0.75). Conclusion: Bullying was more likely among boys, younger adolescents, those with family and mental health issues, and those engaged in risk behaviors. The importance of practices, such as family supervision in preventing bullying, is highlighted.

White rot fungi produce oxidative and reductive enzymes, which are very important to the ecology of tropical forests and act on the degradation of all types of ligninolytic and cellulosic wastes. Laccases, lignin peroxidases (LiPs), and manganese peroxidases (MnPs) enzymes exhibit significant ability to biodegrade a wide variety of environmental pollutants. The synthetic dyes from the textile industry are organic compounds classified by chromophore groups. The occurrence of dyes in the effluents carries on ecotoxicological hazards and the potential of bioaccumulation, eventually affecting flora and fauna. Previous reports emphasize the classification, impact, and consequences to the health and environment caused by textile dyes, bioremediation processes, enzymes, and immobilization techniques utilized to increase degradation efficiency. In this review, the enzymatic mechanisms of biodegradation, decolorization, and adsorption, the proposed biodegradation pathway from various classes of textile dyes, and structural determination of metabolites using mass spectrometric are described, together with the treatment of dye effluents from white rot fungi species. The approach to applying this biotechnology is discussed, and there are indications that it is a promising alternative for treating effluent-containing dyes.

RESUMO Vanilla é o gênero mais rico em espécies dentro da subfamília Vanilloideae (Orchidaceae). Com 38 espécies, o Brasil é o centro de diversidade de Vanilla. Apesar de sua diversidade, alguns táxons brasileiros têm sido considerados obscuros, pois os limites entre espécies são dificultados quando os estudos são realizados exclusivamente em espécimes herborizados. Esse é o caso de V. sprucei, táxon raro de flores efêmeras que tem sido referido ao Brasil com base em espécime coletado na Amazônia colombiana. Aqui, uma avaliação taxonômica desta espécie pouco conhecida é apresentada e uma descrição morfológica detalhada é fornecida. Uma ilustração de V. sprucei baseada em espécimes brasileiros vivos é mostrada, e a distribuição geográfica deste táxon é apresentada. Um epítipo para V. sprucei é designado aqui. A posição filogenética de V. sprucei dentro de Vanilla e suas relações entre congêneres neotropicais são discutidas com base em uma hipótese filogenética. Vanilla sprucei emerge em uma posição basal entre o clado não membranáceo de Vanilla Neotropical. A inclusão de V. sprucei na matriz de dados moleculares reforça o grupo V. trigonocarpa como polifilético. Por esta razão, novos rearranjos infragenéricos serão necessários. Uma avaliação preliminar sobre o status de conservação de V. sprucei indica que a espécie se enquadra na categoria Em Perigo, com subpopulações no Brasil avaliadas como Criticamente Ameaçadas.

ABSTRACT The pantropical Vanilla is the most species-rich genus among Vanilloideae (Orchidaceae). With 38 species, Brazil is the center of diversity for Vanilla. Several of the Brazilian taxa are considered obscure, as species boundaries are often unclear when studies are performed exclusively on dried specimens. This is the case of Vanilla sprucei Rolfe, a rare taxon with ephemeral flowers that has been referred to Brazil based on a specimen collected in the Colombian Amazonia. We present data confirming its occurrence in Brazil, together with a taxonomic evaluation of this poorly-known species including a detailed, illustrated morphological description. An epitype for V. sprucei based on Brazilian material is designated. The geographical distribution of this taxon is presented. The phylogenetic position of V. sprucei within Vanilla and its relationships with Neotropical congeners are discussed based on a phylogenetic hypothesis. Vanilla sprucei emerges at a basal node among the non-membranaceous, Neotropical Vanilla clade. The inclusion of V. sprucei in the molecular data matrix reinforces the V. trigonocarpa group as polyphyletic. For this reason, further infrageneric rearrangements will be necessary. Preliminary evaluation of the species´ conservation status according to IUCN criteria indicate a global status of Endangered, with subpopulations in Brazil assessed as Critically endangered.

Resumo Neste trabalho, seguindo postulados da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, analisa-se o discurso de representantes de povos indígenas brasileiros sobre a questão ambiental. Para tanto, investiga-se o papel de certos estereótipos no funcionamento desse discurso, adotando a perspectiva da decolonialidade, que rechaça a adoção de valores ocidentais como parâmetros de recepção de outras culturas. A análise revela que estereótipos tradicionais de indígenas são ressignificados, na medida em que são valorizados, e que essa ressignificação se constrói a partir de um claro contraste com a cultura do homem branco - retratado de modo estereotipado como frio, desumanizado e associado a práticas predatórias e de violência. Por fim, a análise constata que o discurso indígena sobre a questão ambiental refuta os discursos que subjugam os povos originários e que desqualificam sua cultura.

Abstract In this study, we follow the principles of French Discourse Analysis to examine the discourse of representatives of Brazilian Indigenous peoples on environmental issues. We investigate how certain stereotypes operate within this discourse, adopting the perspective of decoloniality, which rejects using Western values as parameters for interpreting other cultures. The analysis identifies how Indigenous peoples redefine traditional stereotypes by valuing them and contrasts these redefinitions with the culture of white people-stereotyped as cold, dehumanized, and linked to predatory and violent practices. Finally, the analysis highlights how Indigenous discourse on environmental issues challenges narratives that subjugate Indigenous peoples and discredit their culture.

Resumen En este trabajo, siguiendo los postulados del Análisis del Discurso de orientación francesa, se analiza el discurso de representantes de pueblos indígenas brasileños sobre la cuestión ambiental. Para ello, se investiga el papel de ciertos estereotipos en el funcionamiento de dicho discurso, adoptando la perspectiva de la decolonialidad, que rechaza la adopción de valores occidentales como parámetros para la recepción de otras culturas. El análisis revela que los estereotipos tradicionales sobre los indígenas son resignificados en la medida en que son valorizados, y que esta resignificación se construye a partir de un claro contraste con la cultura del hombre blanco, retratado de manera estereotipada como frío, deshumanizado y asociado a prácticas depredadoras y de violencia. Por último, el análisis muestra que el discurso indígena sobre la cuestión ambiental refuta los discursos que subyugan a los pueblos originarios y descalifican su cultura.

Abstract The expansion of permanent monocultures is a phenomenon that affects not only planetary biodiversity and ecosystems balance, but also puts at risk the living conditions of communities whose territories have been transformed by this large-scale production model. This work addresses from qualitative research and from the Participatory Action Research, the tensions existing in the Colombian Caribbean region, specifically in the communities of San José del Playón and La Suprema in Montes de María, due to the entry of agro-industrial and monoculture projects, facilitated by the internal armed conflict. It was found that because of the presence of these crops communities face conflicts around community biocultural assets such as territory, bodies of water, land, flora and fauna. This consequently leads to the infringement of rights that depend on such assets for their guarantee. As is the case with biocultural rights, a category proposed in this paper as a legal defense possibility for communities, since they recognize from the same legal formula of protection the intrinsic relationship between the environment, biodiversity and communities and their cultural systems.

Resumen La expansión de monocultivos permanentes es un fenómeno que afecta no solo la biodiversidad planetaria y el equilibrio ecosistémico, sino que además pone en riesgo las condiciones de vida de las comunidades cuyos territorios han sido transformados por este modelo productivo a gran escala. Este trabajo aborda desde una investigación cualitativa y desde la Investigación Acción Participativa, las tensiones existentes en el caribe colombiano, específicamente, en las comunidades de San José del Playón y La Suprema en Montes de María, a causa de la entrada de proyectos agroindustriales propiciada por el conflicto armado interno. Se encontró que a raíz de la presencia de estos cultivos las comunidades enfrentan conflictividades en torno a los activos bioculturales comunitarios como el territorio, los cuerpos de agua, la tierra, la flora y la fauna. Lo que da lugar, en consecuencia, a la vulneración de derechos que dependen de tales activos para su garantía. Se propone el enfoque de derechos bioculturales para la defensa jurídica de los activos del territorio, además del fortalecimiento de los espacios de participación y la toma de decisiones que reconozcan la intrínseca relación entre el ambiente, la biodiversidad y las comunidades y sus sistemas culturales.