Resumen Los blueberry dentro de la familia Ericaceae, son especies cultivables importantes con fines comerciales e industriales. Dentro de los parámetros críticos para evaluar el estatus nutricional y fisiológico de la planta, es la estimación de pigmentos fotosintéticos como las clorofilas; sin embargo, este es un método destructivo, costo y demorado, al cual no pueden acceder fácilmente los productores agrícolas. Por esto en los últimos años, se han puesto a disposición varias soluciones tecnológicas, tales como el medidor de índice de clorofila SPAD-502 el cual ha demostrado su eficiencia en cuanto a la estimación rápida de los contenidos totales de clorofila en campo. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar los contenidos de clorofilas a, b y total obtenidas mediante espectrofotometría y su correlación frente al método no destructivo (SPAD) en plantas de blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) de los cultivares Biloxi, Legacy y Victoria, en fase vegetativa bajo condiciones del municipio de Paipa-Boyacá (Colombia). Los datos obtenidos con el SPAD-502 oscilaron entre 57,4 a 62,8 SPAD en la 'Victoria', 61,2 a 68,3 en la 'Biloxi' y 68,2 a 73,1 SPAD en la 'Legacy', el contenido de clorofilas a, b y total, presentaron una correlación positiva y significativa frente al índice SPAD con coeficiente de correlación (r) mayor a 0,91 y el ajuste a modelos de regresión lineal simple con coeficiente de determinación (R 2) superior a 0,90 en las tres cultivares evaluadas. Esto confirma la utilidad e importancia de usar el SPAD para la estimación no destructiva del contenido de clorofilas bajo condiciones de campo.

ABSTRACT Blueberries in the Ericaceae family are important, cultivable species for commercial and industrial purposes. Critical parameters for evaluating the nutritional and physiological status of plants include estimates of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophylls; however, this is a destructive, expensive and time-consuming method that is not easily accessible for agricultural producers. For this reason, in recent years, several technological solutions have been made available, such as the SPAD-502 chlorophyll index meter, which has demonstrated efficiency in terms of rapid estimates of total chlorophyll content in the field. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the contents of chlorophylls a, b and total obtained with spectrophotometry and to determine the correlation with the non-destructive method (SPAD) in blueberry plant (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivares Biloxi, Legacy and Victoria, in the vegetative phase under conditions of the municipality of Paipa-Boyaca (Colombia). The data obtained with the SPAD-502 ranged from 57.4 to 62.8 SPAD in the 'Victoria', 61.2 to 68.3 in the 'Biloxi', and 68.2 to 73.1 in the 'Legacy'. The content of chlorophylls a, b and total presented a positive and significant correlation with the SPAD index, with a correlation coefficient (r) greater than 0.91 and adjustment to simple linear regression models with a coefficient of determination (R 2) greater than 0.90 in the three cultivars. This confirms the usefulness and importance of using SPAD for non-destructive estimation of chlorophyll content under field conditions.

Abstract A micropropagation protocol for G. pumila was developed. Young shoots were collected during the growing season (October to December 2016) from a wild population in the Villarrica Volcano area in the Araucanía Region of Chile. Nodal segments were used for in vitro initiation after testing several disinfection treatments with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. Disinfected explants were placed onto 100% WPM basal medium (WPM100) supplemented with a range of concentrations of 2-iP (2-isopentenyladenine) to evaluate the best regeneration media during in vitro culture. Disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 40 minutes, followed by a second disinfection with 2% sodium hypochlorite for 25 minutes, and cultivation on MS basal medium supplemented with 2 mg L−1 2-iP gave the highest efficiency of disinfected plants. In the propagation stage, the highest multiplication rates were obtained when 1 mg L−1 zeatin was added to the basal WPM100 medium. In vitro rooting and preacclimation were better when elongated plants were cultivated on WPM100 supplemented with 3 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid. This in vitro protocol could be used to propagate genotypes of this Chilean native species and is also an important tool toward its domestication and commercial use.

Resumen Se desarrolló un protocolo de micropropagación para G. pumila. Los brotes jóvenes fueron recolectados durante la temporada de crecimiento (octubre a diciembre 2016) de una población silvestre en el área del Volcán Villarrica, in la Región de la Araucanía, Chile. Se utilizaron segmentos nodales para la iniciación in vitro, se probaron varios tratamientos de desinfección con diferentes concentraciones de hipoclorito de sodio. Los explantes desinfectados se colocaron en el medio basal WPM100% (WPM100) suplementado con diferentes concentraciones de 2-isopentiladenina (2-iP), con el fin de evaluar el mejor medio de regeneración durante el cultivo in vitro. La desinfección se realizó con hipoclorito de sodio al 1% durante 40 minutos, seguida de una segunda desinfección con hipoclorito de sodio al 2% durante 25 minutos y utilizando el medio de cultivo basal MS suplementado con 2mg L−1 de 2-iP que proporcionó la mayor eficiencia de las plantas desinfectadas. En la etapa de propagación, las tasas de multiplicación más altas se obtuvieron cuando se agregó 1mg L−1 de Zeatina al medio basal WPM100. El enraizamiento y la preaclimatación in vitro fueron mejores cuando los explantes se cultivaron en WPM100 suplementado con 3mg L−1 de ácido naftaleno acético. Este protocolo in vitro puede ser usado para propagar genotipos de esta especie nativa chilena, además, de ser una herramienta importante para su domesticación y potencial uso.

ABSTRACT The Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz), known locally as agraz, possess a high level of anthocyanins and antioxidants and represents a socio-economical, environmental, and cultural alternative in Colombia. However, a characterization of the agri-food system has been done, limiting strategies for its valorization. The objective of this study was to characterize the Localized Agri-food System (SYAL) of the Andean blueberry in the Occidente and Ricaurte provinces of the Boyaca Department of Colombia. Three analytical axes were used within the SYAL approach: territorial anchorage, activation processes, and links between product quality and territory. The farmer product circuit methodology was used to identify agents linked to the product commercialization chain in the territory, and their participation was estimated. Data treatment was performed with descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis, specifically principal component analysis for numerical variables and multiple correspondence analysis for categorical variables. A SYAL was evident in the early stages of consolidation, with exceptional adaptations to the biophysical conditions in the territory. Finally, four groups of actors were identified, where the main discriminating variable was membership in an organization of farmers, a determining condition for business competitiveness in the territory.

RESUMEN El agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) es una fruta considerada como alimento funcional por su contenido de antocianinas y antioxidantes, posee alto potencial de consumo y representa una alternativa en términos socio-económicos, ambientales y culturales para la población de Colombia. No obstante, no existe una caracterización del sistema agroalimentario, lo cual limita la puesta en marcha de estrategias para su valorización. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el Sistema Agroalimentario Localizado (SIAL) de agraz de las provincias de Occidente y Ricaurte del departamento de Boyacá-Colombia. Para el efecto, se utilizaron tres ejes analíticos dentro del enfoque SIAL, a saber: el anclaje territorial, los procesos de activación y el vínculo entre la calidad del producto y el territorio. Para identificar los agentes que se vinculan a la cadena de comercialización del producto se empleó la metodología de Circuitos de productos de origen campesino y se calculó la participación del productor. El tratamiento de los datos se realizó con estadística descriptiva y análisis multivariado, específicamente análisis de componentes principales para variables numéricas, y análisis de correspondencia múltiple para las variables categóricas. Se evidenció un SIAL en estadios tempranos de consolidación con adaptaciones excepcionales a las condiciones biofísicas del territorio. Finalmente, se identificaron cuatro grupos de actores, siendo la principal variable discriminante el hecho de pertenecer a una organización de agraceros, siendo ésta la condición determinante sobre la competitividad empresarial en el territorio.

Abstract Blueberry is an important fruit crop, with many health benefits. Despite its importance, much remains to be studied concerning the dormancy dynamics in rabbiteye cultivars growing in a mild winter climate. In this research, the dormancy in blueberry, rabbiteye cultivars ‘Bluegem’, ‘Climax’, ‘Delite’, and ‘Powderblue’, was studied in a mild winter region. The single-node cuttings biological test and the evaluation of the hydric status were performed in dormant winter reproductive buds. These experiments were performed during fall and winter in one year (2016). Moreover, chilling hours under or equal to 7.2 ºC were measured, and chill units were calculated according to Utah Model [1], Modified Utah Model [2], and Blueberry Model [3]. In conclusion, the four cultivars showed a similar pattern, revealing a dormant state in the initial sampling dates and a released dormancy in the final treatments, showing the decrease of dormancy in June and July. However, Delite was earlier than the other cultivars. Bluegem and Delite required 134.0 chilling hours, 127.0 chill units (Utah Model), 198.5 chill units (Modified Utah Model), and 971.5 chill units (Blueberry Model) for 50% of their green tip buds reach the opened bud stage. Climax required 44.0, -11.0, 56.5, and 440.5, respectively. And Powderblue required 44.0, 5.5, 77.0, and 725.0 respectively. This study can bring some insights into crop management and production of this important fruit crop, especially in a global climate-changing scenario, related to flowering and dormancy control, as well as helping to select suitable cultivars to a region, concerning chilling requirements.

Resumen Objetivo. Se presenta un estudio de la dinámica del clima y la vegetación del humedal Medellincito (5° 19’ 022” N y 75° 54’ 515” W), localizado en el flanco occidental de la cordillera Occidental de Colombia a 2020 msnm. Alcance. El predominio del bosque Andino durante todo el registro indica que este creció en los alrededores inmediatos bajo condiciones casi permanentes de humedad. Sin embargo, eventos de menor precipitación se registraron alrededor de 6700, 5900, 5100, 4500, 4100-4300, 3200-1300, 1000-750 cal años AP, durante los cuales crecieron especies de vegetación abierta conformadas por Poaceae, Asteraceae, Ericaceae y Cyperaceae. La alta humedad del sitio puede deberse a la influencia constante de la corriente de chorro del Pacífico colombiano y de la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical (ZCIT). Aunque no hay evidencias directas de la acción del fenómeno El Niño de alto impacto en el occidente de Colombia, si puede especularse que los eventos más secos puedan tener alguna relación con este fenómeno. Resultados. Los registros de polen, esporas y diatomeas de los últimos ( 6700 años cal AP muestran que la vegetación del bosque Andino estuvo dominada por Cyatheaceae, Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae), Solanaceae, Viburnum, Miconia, Weinmannia y Myrsine, y el bosque Subandino por Fabaceae, Alchornea (Euphorbiaceae) y Bignoniaceae. Conclusiones. En los últimos ( 150 cal años AP, el paisaje se ha modificado significativamente pasando de ser un bosque muy húmedo a bosque húmedo, reflejado en el drástico decrecimiento de Hedyosmum, Solanaceae y Cyatheaceae, y un incremento en la vegetación abierta, principalmente Poaceae junto a Cyperaceae en ambientes de pantano, debido a intervención antrópica (extracción selectiva de especies maderables y ganadería extensiva). Es posible que efectos negativos de advección de humedad por la corriente de Chorro hayan afectado la precipitación horizontal y con ello la disminución del bosque de niebla, característico de ecosistemas montanos bajos.

Abstract Objective. Our research is focused on climate and vegetation dynamic recorded by the Medellincito wetland (5° 19’ 022” N and 75° 54’ 515” W), located on the western flank of the Western cordillera of Colombia at 2020 masl. Scope. A predominance of the Andean forest along the entire core suggests that the wetland was established under almost permanent humidity conditions. Nevertheless, low precipitation events are also recorded around 6700, 5900, 5100, 4500, 4100-4,300, 3200-1300, and 1000-750 cal years AP, when open vegetation such as Poaceae, Asteraceae, Ericaceae and Cyperaceae occurred. The high humidity conditions interpreted for the studied site may be indicating the constant influence of the Pacific jet stream and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Although there is no direct evidence of El Niño activity, which has a high impact on the western Colombia, we speculate that drier events identified in the Medellincito wetland may be related to this phenomenon. Results. The pollen, spore, and diatom records reveal that during the last ( 6700 years Cal AP, the Andean forest vegetation was dominated by Cyatheaceae, Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae), Solanaceae, Viburnum, Miconia, Weinmannia and Myrsine, and the Subandean forest by Fabaceae, Alchornea (Euphorbiaceae) and Bignoniaceae. Conclusions. In the last ( 150 years cal BP, the landscape has significantly changed from a very humid to a humid forest. This is evidenced by the drastic decrease of Hedyosmum, Cyatheaceae, and Solanaceae, and the increase of open vegetation, mainly Poaceae and Cyperaceae in swamp environments, due to anthropic intervention (selective extraction of timber species and extensive livestock). It is possible that negative effects of humidity advection by the Jet stream, have affected the precipitation and, consequently, decreased the cloud forest characteristic of low montane ecosystems.

RESUMEN Se realizó el estudio fitoquímico de hojas de Cavendishia compacta. La separación de extractos y fracciones por cromatografías en columna, capa delgada y capa delgada preparativa, permitieron obtener una mezcla de diterpenos conformada por kaurano, rimuneno y biformeno; una mezcla de compuestos aromáticos constituida por acetofenona y benzaldehído; una mezcla de triterpenos constituida por α-amirina y β-amirina y el aislamiento de morina y miricetina. La actividad antiinflamatoria se evaluó al extracto etanólico y las fracciones de hexano, dicolorometano y acetato de etilo, utilizando el modelo de edema auricular inducido por TPA, siendo el extracto etanólico y la fracción de dicolorometano los que presentaron un efecto antiinflamatorio moderado de 49,3% y 39,8% respectivamente.

Summary The phytochemical study of leaves of Cavendishia compacta was carried out. The separation of extracts and fractions by column chromatography, thin layer and preparative thin layer allowed to obtain a mixture of diterpenes consisting of kaurane, rimunene and biformene; a mixture of aromatic compounds constituted by acetophenone and benzaldehyde; a mixture of triterpenes constituted by α -amirine and β-amirin and the isolation of morine and myricetin. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated to the ethanolic extract and fractions of hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate using the model of atrial edema induced by TPA, being the etha-nolic extract and the fraction of dicholoromethane those that presented a moderate anti-inflammatory effect of 49.3 % and 39.8% respectivel.

Abstract Teillier, S.; L. D. Amarilla & A. M. Anton. 2019. Contribution to the Vascular Flora of Argentina: Family Ericaceae. Darwiniana, nueva serie 7(1): 68-92. As a preview of the publication of the volume that involves the Ericaceae of Argentina, a treatment of the family in this country is presented. Six genera, 18 species, and two varieties inhabit in Argentina. Most of the genera (Empetrum, Gayloussacia, Lebetanthus, and Vaccinium) have a single species in the country, being two for Agarista, and 12 for Gaultheria; two varieties are recognized in Gaultheria pumila, totalizing 20 taxa, the majority of which are endemic to. The binomial Gautheria myrsinoides is proposed as a substitute for Pernettya prostrata and lectotypes are designated for Gaultheria florida, Gaultheria salicifolia, Pernettya breviflora, Pernettya elegans, Pernettya litoralis, Pernettya melanocarpa and Pernettya minima. This article also includes dichotomous keys, one to recognize the genera present in Argentina and the other to identify the species within each genus. Observations in relevant cases, select studied material, geographic distribution, habitat, and illustrations for three species are included.

Resumen Teillier, S.; L. D. Amarilla & A. M. Anton. 2019. Contribución a la Flora Vascular de la República Argentina: Familia Ericaceae. Darwiniana, nueva serie 7(1): 68-92. Como adelanto de la publicación del volumen que involucra a las Ericaceae de Argentina, se presenta el tratamiento de la familia para el país. Seis géneros, 18 especies y dos variedades habitan en la Argentina. La mayoría de los géneros (Empetrum, Gayloussacia, Lebetanthus y Vaccinium) cuentan con una única especie en el país, siendo dos para Agarista y 12 para Gaultheria; se reconocen dos variedades en Gaultheria pumila, totalizando así 20 taxones, en su gran mayoría endémicos. Se propone el binomio Gaultheria myrsinoides para sustituir a Pernettya prostrata y se designan lectotipos para Gaultheria florida, Gaultheria salicifolia, Pernettya breviflora, Pernettya elegans, Pernettya litoralis, Pernettya melanocarpa y Pernettya minima. Este artículo incluye, además, claves dicotómicas, una de ellas para reconocer a los géneros de la Argentina y otra para identificar las especies de cada género. Se incluyen observaciones en los casos pertinentes, material estudiado selecto, distribución geográfica, hábitat e ilustraciones de todas las especies.

BACKGROUND: Inselberg summits adjacent to the Maloti-Drakensberg escarpment occupy an alpine zone within the Drakensberg Alpine Centre (DAC). Inselbergs, the escarpment and surrounding mountains such as Platberg experience a severe climate; inselberg summits are distinct by being protected from human disturbance. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article was to describe for the first time the flora of inselberg summits and to assess their potential contribution to conservation of DAC plant diversity. METHOD: We investigated whether the flora of inselberg summits formed a representative subset of the DAC flora in terms of shared, especially endemic or near endemic, species and representation of families. All species were listed for six inselbergs between Giant's Castle and Sentinel, located in the Royal Natal National Park (RNNP) during November 2005. Comparisons, using literature, were made with floras of the DAC, as well as Platberg, an inselberg approximately 60 km north from Sentinel in the RNNP. RESULTS: We recorded 200 species of pteridophytes and angiosperms on inselbergs, 114 DAC endemics or near endemics, one possible new species, and several range and altitudinal extensions. Asteraceae, Poaceae and Ericaceae comprised 42.1% of endemic and near endemic species, with Scrophulariaceae and Hyacinthaceae contributing 8.8%. Inselberg and DAC floras differed in respective rankings of Crassulaceae (8th vs. > 15th), Polygalaceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae (10th, 11th, 12th vs. > 15th), Poaceae (2nd vs. 5th), Cyperaceae (3rd vs. 4th) and Scrophulariaceae (6th vs. 2nd). Growth forms on inselbergs were consistent with DAC flora. Inselbergs shared 40% of species with Platberg. CONCLUSION: Inselbergs, which supported 7.9% of species occurring in the DAC flora, are well protected from human impact, lack alien plants, but, despite this, are highly vulnerable to climate change. Conservation importance of inselbergs will increase as escarpment vegetation becomes increasingly degraded as a consequence of intensifying land use.

Resumo O presente trabalho visa contribuir para o conhecimento da família Ericaceae na porção central da Cadeia do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais, apresentando dados sobre riqueza, distribuição geográfica e estado de conservação das espécies. A área de estudo inclui as serras ao norte da Serra do Cipó, a Serra do Cabral e o Planalto de Diamantina, regiões que ainda não possuem dados publicados para a família. O levantamento de espécies foi realizado a partir de consultas às coleções de herbários, à literatura e em trabalho de campo. Foram levantadas 27 espécies de Ericaceae. A flora da área de estudo é mais similar à da Serra do Cipó, embora cada região apresente endemismos. Das espécies registradas duas encontram-se na Lista Oficial das Espécies da Flora Brasileira Ameaçadas de Extinção: Gaylussacia oleifolia Dunal e Gaylussacia setosa Kin.-Gouv. Os resultados destacam a elevada riqueza e endemismos da família na área de estudo e a urgente necessidade da realização de pesquisas adicionais a fim de gerar os subsídios para a elaboração de estratégias de conservação mais abrangentes e que protejam efetivamente a biodiversidade do Espinhaço.

Abstract This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the Ericaceae family in the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, by presenting data of richness, abundance, geographic distribution, and conservation status of the species. The study area includes the mountains to the north of Serra do Cipó, the Serra do Cabral, and the Diamantina Plateau, regions do not yet have published data for the family. The species survey was accomplished from queries to herbaria collections, to the literature, and in the fieldwork. 27 species of Ericaceae were reported. The flora of the area study is most similar to the Serra do Cipó, although each region presents endemisms. Among the recorded species, two are found in the Official List of Brazilian Flora Species Threatened with Extinction: Gaylussacia oleifolia Dunal and Gaylussacia setosa Kin.-Gouv. The results highlight the high wealth and endemism of the family in the study area and the urgent need for additional research in order to generate the subsidies for the elaboration of conservation strategies that are more comprehensive and effectively protect the Espinhaço biodiversity.

RESUMEN El agraz Vaccinium meridionale Swartz es un arbusto silvestre pequeño, que crece en Colombia en zonas de subpáramo, con un alto potencial para posicionarse en el mercado internacional, gracias a su alto contenido de antioxidantes en los frutos. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la fertilización con diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno sobre el crecimiento de plantas de agraz en etapa vegetativa, con cuatro tratamientos: testigo sin aplicación del N, 50% NH4+-50%NO3 -, 100% NO3 - y 100% NH4+. Se utilizó la dosis de 70 mg L-1 del N en los tratamientos con la aplicación del nitrógeno. las plantas fertilizadas con fuentes amoniacales tuvieron el mejor crecimiento, siendo el tratamiento de 100% NH4+ el que obtuvo el mayor número de brotes (22), mayor número de hojas (254) por planta y mayores pesos secos de los órganos a los 148 días después de la siembra de estacas enraizadas, seguido del tratamiento con 50%NH4+-50%NO3 -. Los tratamientos con 0% N y 100% NO3 - tuvieron una mayor síntesis de antocianinas y una menor cantidad de clorofilas en hojas con respecto a las plantas fertilizadas con fuentes de NH4+. Las plantas fertilizadas con 0% N y 100% NO3 - presentaron un crecimiento menor que aquellas fertilizadas con 50% NH4+-50%NO3 - y 100%NH4+. Este estudio permite afirmar que el agraz requiere planes de fertilización con fuentes amoniacales.

ABSTRACT The Andean blueberry (Vaccinium méridionale Swartz) is a small wild shrub that grows in Colombia in sub-paramo areas. The berry has a high export potential due to the high content of antioxidants in the fruits. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different nitrogen sources on the vegetative growth of plants with four treatments: a control of 0% N, 50%NH4+-50%NO3 -, 100% NO3 -, and 100% NH4+. The dose of 70 mg L-1 n was used in the treatments with application of N. The plants with best growth were those fertilized with ammonia sources. The treatment with 100% NH4+ obtained the highest average number of shoots (22) and leaves (254) per plant, and the highest dry weight of plant organs at 148 d after planting of rooted cuttings followed by treatment with 50%NH4+-50%NO3 -. Applications of 0% N and 100% NO3 - resulted in higher rates of anthocyanin synthesis and lower contents of chlorophyll in leaves regarding to the N sources containing NH4+. The plants fertilized with 0% N and 100% NO3 - presented lesser growth than those fertilized with 50%NH4+-50%NO3 -and 100% NH4+. This study allows to conclude that the andean blueberry requires a fertilization plan with ammonia sources.

Abstract Background: Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Gaultheria pumila (Ericaceae) to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure within its native range in Chile. This is a very important Ericaceae endemic to Chile with a large commercial potential. Its resistance to different abiotic conditions makes it a valuable target for genetic improvement. Results: Ten polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were isolated from Gaultheria pumila using new-generation 454 FLX Titanium pyrosequencing technology. The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 4. Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 1.0 and 0.00 to 0.64, respectively. Conclusions: From 10 SSR markers developed for G. pumila, 9 markers are promising candidates for analyzing genetic variation within or between natural populations of G. pumila and other species from the same genus.

Resumo Apresenta-se um estudo taxonômico de Ericaceae no estado do Espírito Santo, Região Sudeste do Brasil, incluído nos domínios da Floresta Atlântica. Ericaceae está representada no Brasil por 12 gêneros e 98 espécies, com distribuição predominante nos campos rupestres e campos de altitude da Região Sudeste. No Espírito Santo, estão registradas 11 espécies pertencentes a três gêneros - Agarista (duas spp.), Gaultheria (duas spp.) e Gaylussacia (sete spp.), das quais são endêmicas da Floresta Atlântica Agarista revoluta, Gaultheria eriophylla var. eriophylla, Gaultheria serrata, Gaylussacia fasciculata e Gaylussacia caparoensis, esta última incluída na categoria "Em Perigo" (EN) no Livro Vermelho da Flora do Brasil. Chaves de identificação, descrições, ilustrações de caracteres diagnósticos e comentários de distribuição geográfica, ecológicos e taxonômicos das espécies são apresentadas.

Abstract A taxonomic study of the Ericaceae the Espírito Santo state, Southeastern Brazil, Atlantic Forest domain, is presented. Ericaceae is represented by 12 genera and 98 species in the Brazil, with predominant distribution in the southeastern "campos rupestres" and "campos de altitude". In Espírito Santo, 11 species belonging to three genera are recorded - Agarista (two spp.), Gaultheria (two spp.) and Gaylussacia (seven spp.), of which Agarista revoluta, Gaultheria eriophylla var. eriophylla, Gaultheria serrata, Gaylussacia fasciculata and Gaylussacia caparoensis are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, latter is included in the category "Endangered" (EN) by "Livro Vermelho da Flora do Brasil". Identification keys, descriptions, illustrations of diagnostic characters, and comments of geographic distribution, ecological and taxonomic are provided.

The mega phytodiversity of Peru includes native species of all types; among them are fruit trees, which despite having been consumed forthousands of years, still have not been subject to research to validate their use. Further research on these native species could determine whether the fruits being consumed surpass the quantity and quality of vitamins, mineral salts, and anthocyanin pigments. Thus, the aim of this study was the realization of a taxonomic, phytogeographic, and ethnobotanical inventory of the fruit trees in northern Peru. This research was realized through specimen collections made during botanical explorations of northern Peru. Later a critical revision of the specialized bibliography was conducted, and the findings reinforced with information obtained through personal experience and that of local and regional inhabitants. Forty-five species are reported, distributed among 18 families, chiefly in Ericaceae (7 species), Myrtaceae (6 species), Cactaceae (4 species), Solanaceae (4 species), Caricaceae (3 species), Passifloraceae (3 species), and Rosaceae (3 species). Of the species inventoried, 29 species (64%) are eaten in a raw or natural form, while 16 species (36%) are consumed raw or processed in jelly, marmalade, frozen, wine, juice, custards, and puddings.

La megafitodiversidad del Perú presenta especies nativas de toda índole; entre ellas frutales, los que a pesar de ser consumidos desde hace cientos de años, aún no han sido atendidos por la investigación para validar su uso, con la seguridad de que estamos consumiendo recursos que pueden superar en cantidad y calidad de vitaminas, sales minerales y pigmentos antociánicos. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un Inventario Taxonómico, Fitogeográfico y Etnobotánico de los frutales nativos del Norte del Perú. Se realizaron colectas a través de exploraciones botánicas programadas a varias localidades del Norte del Perú. Luego se llevó a cabo una revisión crítica de la bibliografía especializada y reforzando esta información con la obtenida por la experiencia personal tanto de los investigadores como de los pobladores locales y regionales. Se reportan 45 especies, distribuidas en 18 familias; donde destacan por su número las: Ericaceae (7), Myrtaceae (6), Cactaceae (4), Solanaceae (4), Caricaceae (3), Passifloraceae (3) y Rosaceae (3). Así mismo 29 especies (64%) son consumidas en estado fresco y/o natural, mientras que 16 especies (36%) tanto al estado fresco como procesadas (jaleas, mermeladas, helados, vinos, jugos, natilla, mazamorra, etc.).

RESUMEN Cavendishia bracteata y Thibaudia floribunda (Ericaceae) son arbustos frutales silvestres nativos de los Andes. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el potencial de enraizamiento de las estacas basales y apicales utilizando ácido naftaleno acético (ANA) en diferentes concentraciones (0, 200, 500 o 1.000 mg L-1). En C. bracteata, la posición de la estaca en la rama afectó su brotación y enraizamiento, las estacas apicales presentaron el mejor rendimiento con aplicación de auxina. El enraizamiento de estacas tuvo más éxito en C. bracteata que en T. floribunda. Aplicaciones de ANA entre 200 a 500 mg L-1 fueron más adecuados para la propagación de C. bracteata debido a los mayores porcentajes de enraizamiento y la producción de brotes. Para la propagación de T. floribunda, se recomienda el uso de estacas apicales sin la aplicación de auxinas. Las raíces adventicias en estacas de ambas especies se originaron a partir de células del parénquima del tallo.

ABSTRACT Cavendishia bracteata and Thibaudia floribunda (Ericaceae) are wild fruit shrubs native to the Andes región. This study aimed to characterize the rooting potential of basal and apical cuttings using naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in different concentrations (0, 200, 500, or 1,000 mg L-1). In C. bracteata, the cutting position on the branch affected its sprouting and rooting, with apical cuttings presenting the best performance with auxin application. The rooting of cuttings was more successful in C. bracteata than in T. floribunda. NAA applications between 200 to 500 mg L-1 were more suitable for the propagation of C. bracteata due to the higher percentages of rooting and shoot production. For propagation of T. floribunda, the use of apical cuttings without the application of auxins is recommended. Adventitious roots in cuttings of both species were originated from parenchyma cells of the stem.

A Serra Negra é um fragmento do Complexo da Mantiqueira, localizado entre os municípios de Lima Duarte, Santa Bárbara do Monte Verde, Rio Preto e Olaria, com altitudes variando entre 800 e 1700m. A vegetação apresenta um mosaico composto por florestas e ambientes campestres, destacando-se o campo rupestre por toda a amplitude altimétrica. Um amplo estudo florístico foi realizado entre os anos de 2003 e 2014, e os espécimes coletados foram depositados no Herbário Leopoldo Krieger (CESJ), da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um inventário florístico e taxonômico para a família Ericaceae da Serra Negra. Foram registradas oito espécies pertencentes a três gêneros, sendo Agarista e Gaylussacia os mais ricos, com quatro e três espécies respectivamente, e Gaultheria representado por apenas uma espécie. São apresentadas chaves de identificação, descrições das espécies, ilustrações de caracteres diagnósticos e comentários de distribuição geográfica, ecológicos e taxonômicos.

Serra Negra is a fragment of the Mantiqueira Range located among Lima Duarte, Santa Bárbara do Monte Verde, Rio Preto and Olaria, with altitudes between 800 and 1700 m. The vegetation is represented by a mosaic of forests and field environments, of which the "campo rupestre" must be highlighted, due to its occurrence in the whole altitudinal range in the area. A wide floristic study was conducted between the years 2003 and 2014 and the collected specimens were deposited in the Herbarium Leopoldo Krieger (CESJ), of the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. The aim of the present study was to conduct a floristic and taxonomic inventory to the family Ericaceae of the Serra Negra. It were recorded eight species belonging to three genera, of which Gaylussacia and Agarista were the richest, with four and three species, respectively, and Gaultheria represented by just one species. Identification keys, descriptions, illustrations of diagnostic characters, and comments of geographic distribution, ecological and taxonomic are provided.