Abstract This article evaluates the influence of implementing the Multisectoral Strategy Barrio Seguro (EMBS) on the inhabitants of the Manzanares neighbourhood in the district of Huacho in Peru. Since 2017, this public policy of the Ministry of Interior seeks to intervene in the security conditions and safe coexistence of certain territories that report high crime rates. This quantitative research surveyed 353 people to establish that, in 49.2% of cases, the EMBS has had inadequate influence. Although not a significant impact, the policy meets certain expectations that suggests that robust institutions, greater trust in the authorities, and organic participation of civil society could enhance its effects. The study recommends assessing the EMBS experience in other neighbourhoods and cities. It also proposes the application of qualitative studies that provide tools for building the idea of citizen security.

Resumen Este artículo evalúa la influencia de la aplicación Estrategia Multisectorial Barrio Seguro (EMBS) sobre los habitantes del barrio Manzanares en el distrito de Huacho en Perú. Esta es una política pública del Ministerio del Interior que, desde 2017, busca intervenir las condiciones de seguridad y convivencia pacífica de ciertos territorios que reportan altas tasas de criminalidad. Esta investigación de enfoque cuantitativo encuestó a 353 personas para establecer que en el 49,2 % de los casos la EMBS ha tenido una influencia regular. Si bien no es una influencia significativa, la política colma ciertas expectativas y su efecto podría potenciarse con una institucionalidad más fuerte, mayor confianza hacia las autoridades y participación orgánica de la sociedad civil. El estudio recomienda que la experiencia de la EMBS pueda evaluarse en otros barrios y ciudades. Se propone, además, que se apliquen estudios cualitativos que den cuenta de una aproximación a la construcción de la idea de la seguridad ciudadana.

Resumen Este texto busca presentar una visión general de la autopista BR-319 (de Manaos a Porto Velho, Brasil) a partir de un análisis geopolítico del transporte y de los frentes pioneros, con el fin de destacar el papel del Estado en la Amazonia y en el proceso de integración territorial brasileño. También se consideran las actividades de transporte de mercancías y pasajeros organizadas a lo largo de este eje, destacando la existencia de frentes pioneros con diferentes temporalidades. Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica e histórica, que incluyó la consulta de periódicos publicados entre 1960 y 2000 y un trabajo de campo entre 2014 y 2022. Tras la realización del trabajo de campo, fue posible identificar la organización de las actividades de transporte y el desarrollo de frentes pioneros en la porción sur de la carretera en el distrito de Realidade, en el municipio de Humaitá-AM.

Abstract This paper aims to provide an overview of the BR-319 highway (connecting Manaus and Porto Velho, Brazil) through a geopolitical analysis of transportation and pioneer fronts. The objective is to highlight the State’s role in the Amazon and the process of Brazilian territorial integration. It also points out considerations on cargo and passenger transport activities organized along this corridor and highlights the existence of pioneer fronts with various temporalities. Bibliographic and historical surveys were conducted, involving the examination of newspapers from the decades 1960 to 2000. Additionally, fieldwork was undertaken between 2014 and 2022. Following the completion of the fieldwork, the study identified the organization of transport activities and the development of pioneer fronts in the southern segment of the highway in the district of Realidade, within the municipality of Humaitá-AM.

Resumo Este texto busca apresentar um panorama da rodovia BR-319 (Manaus a Porto Velho, Brasil) a partir de uma análise geopolítica dos transportes e das frentes pioneiras para fins de evidenciar o papel do Estado na Amazônia e no processo de integração territorial brasileiro. Alem disso, são apresentadas considerações sobre as atividades de transporte de cargas e passageiros organizadas ao longo desse eixo, ressaltando a existência de frentes pioneiras com diversas temporalidades. Foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos e históricos com consulta em jornais das décadas de 1960-2000 e realização de trabalho de campo entre os anos de 2014 até 2022. Após a realização dos trabalhos de campo foi possível identificar a organização das atividades de transporte e o desenvolvimento das frentes pioneiras na porção Sul da rodovia no distrito de Realidade, no município de Humaitá-AM.

Abstract The main objective of this article is to study the representations, ideas and visions generated by the governmental and judicial elite of the Federal District regarding problems such as crimes against property, as well as the treatment and punishment of thieves, between 1823 and 1840. Its hypothesis is twofold: on the one hand, these representations of property crimes and their actors revolved around the consolidation of an ideal of property, which, although it did not emerge with the advent of the republic, configured the category of citizenship. Secondly, although the enlightened rhetoric regarding the punishment of such offenders had legal and juridical continuity, the exceptionality of some criminal laws left open the space for the administration of punishments contrary to the proportionality between crimes and punishments. The present proposal, therefore, seeks to study the class prejudices surrounding property rights and their violation, explained through the need to configure a new, moderately stable social and political order, which had the periodical press as its main organ of expression.

Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal el estudio de las representaciones, las ideas y las visiones generadas por la élite gubernativa y judicial del Distrito Federal en torno a problemas como los delitos contra la propiedad, así como también el tratamiento y la punición a los ladrones, entre 1823 y 1840. Su hipótesis es doble: por una parte, dichas representaciones de los delitos contra la propiedad y sus actores giraron en torno a la consolidación de un ideal de propiedad, que si bien no surgió con el advenimiento de la república, configuró de un modo prístino la categoría de ciudadanía. En segundo término, aunque la retórica ilustrada con respecto al castigo de tales delincuentes tuvo continuidad legal y jurídica, la excepcionalidad de algunas leyes penales dejó abierto el espacio para la administración de castigos contrarios a la proporcionalidad entre delitos y penas. La presente propuesta, en consecuencia, busca estudiar los prejuicios de clase en torno a los derechos de propiedad y su vulneración, explicados a través de la necesidad de configurar un nuevo orden social y político medianamente estable, y que tuvo como principal órgano de expresión a la prensa periódica.

Abstract The “public policy for the full guarantee of the rights of LGBT people”and on gender identities and sexual orientations in the Capital District has been implemented for almost 12 years. After its formalization, it has been implemented during the four district administrations that have governed. During this period, it has materialized through programs that have had the general objective of “guaranteeing the full exercise of the rights of people from the LGBT sectors as part of the production, social management and collective well-being of the city” (Concejo de Bogotá, 2009, p. 2); through four strategic processes: i) institutional strengthening at the district and local levels; ii) co-responsibility in the exercise of rights; iii) communication and education for cultural change; and iv) the production and application of knowledge (Acuerdo 371, 2009). This document analyzes the factors that led to its adoption in Bogotá, presents some of its main achievements, and offers recommendations for its strengthening. For the analysis, the application of the multiple currents approach is used as the main theoretical model. This approach focuses on understanding the political dynamics and processes that, at different levels and occurring independently and in parallel, have managed to come together at a specific moment (window of opportunity) to position politics as a viable institutional alternative based on the action of some political entrepreneurs (Zahariadis, 2010). In order to take stock of joint actions and to take into account how cultural and collective imaginaries about the community have affected their impact, the analysis is complemented by the framework of promoting coalitions (Sabatier y Weible, 2010) and the social construction framework and policy design (Ingram et al. 2010).

Resumen La “política pública para la garantía plena de los derechos de las personas LGBT” y sobre identidades de género y orientaciones sexuales en el Distrito Capital lleva casi 12 años en implementación. Después de su formalización, ha sido implementada durante las cuatro administraciones distritales que han gobernado desde entonces. Durante este periodo, se ha materializado a través de programas que han tenido por objetivo general “garantizar el ejercicio pleno de derechos de las personas de los sectores LGBT como parte de la producción, gestión social y bienestar colectivo de la ciudad”(Concejo de Bogotá, 2009, p. 2); esto, por medio del desarrollo de cuatro procesos estratégicos: i) el fortalecimiento institucional en los niveles distritales y locales; ii) la corresponsabilidad en el ejercicio de derechos; iii) la comunicación y educación para el cambio cultural; y iv) la producción y aplicación de conocimientos y saberes (Acuerdo 371, 2009). Este documento analiza los factores que llevaron a su adopción en Bogotá, presenta algunos de sus principales logros y ofrece recomendaciones para su fortalecimiento. Para el análisis se recurre a la aplicación del enfoque de las corrientes múltiples como modelo teórico principal; este enfoque se concentra en entender las dinámicas y procesos políticos que, en distintos niveles y ocurriendo de manera independiente y paralela, han logrado confluir en un momento específico (ventana de oportunidad) para posicionar a la política como una alternativa institucional viable a partir de la acción de unos emprendedores de política (Zahariadis, 2010). Con el fin de hacer un balance sobre las acciones conjuntas y para tener en cuenta cómo los imaginarios culturales y colectivos sobre la comunidad han afectado su incidencia, el análisis se complementa con el marco de las coaliciones promotoras (Sabatier y Weible, 2010) y el marco de la construcción social y diseño de políticas (Ingram et al., 2010).

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the transformations in the legal-social discourses around incest, emanating from liberal reformism and the legal transition during the second half of the 19th century, in Michoacán. We start from the fact that the enactment of the Civil Marriage Act (1859) upended the legal systems by reducing the fields in which incest was committed. From that moment on, the lawsuits began to move away from the spiritual terrain, to have only legal repercussions of a criminal nature. Through the methodology of discourse analysis and having as main sources judicial records, legislation and literature of the time, the changes that occurred in the sixties in the justice delivery system, the reduction of incest files and the generation of new discursive nodes are enunciated, all of which outlines modifications in the representations of said crime.

Resumen El objetivo del artículo es analizar las transformaciones en los discursos jurídico-sociales en torno al incesto, emanados del reformismo liberal y la transición jurídica durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, en Michoacán. Partimos del hecho de que la promulgación de la Ley de Matrimonio Civil (1859) trastocó los ordenamientos legales al reducir los campos en que se cometía incesto. A partir de ese momento, las demandas judiciales comenzaron a alejarse del terreno espiritual, para tener únicamente repercusiones legales de orden penal. Mediante la metodología del análisis del discurso y teniendo como fuentes principales expedientes judiciales, legislación y literatura de la época, se enuncian los cambios ocurridos en los años sesenta en el sistema de impartición de justicia, la reducción de expedientes de incesto y la generación de nuevos nodos discursivos, lo cual bosqueja modificaciones en las representaciones de dicho delito.

Abstract The objective was to analyze the implications associated with the enactment of Law No. 31592, enacted on October 26, 2022, which introduces significant modifications to the Criminal Procedure Code regarding the condemnation of acquitted. For these purposes, it was analyzed whether the norm complied with national and international standards regarding judicial conformity, as well as examining its viability and effectiveness of challenges to the sentences of acquitted persons. A mixed methodological approach was adopted over an extended period, to include the analysis of judicial resolutions issued between the period 2010 - 2022. Through an analysis, it was concluded that the principle of double conformity should be applied exclusively to the convicted person, highlighting that challenges related to acquittal sentences should be the responsibility of a Criminal or Mixed Chamber belonging to a Judicial District, instead of being the responsibility of the Supreme Court. Consequently, the modification introduced by this Law is highly harmful due to the possible difficulties that it could cause in the operation of the appeal processes, as well as its potential to weaken the principle of double compliance, which constitutes a fundamental pillar in the judicial system.

Resumen El objetivo fue analizar las implicancias asociadas a la promulgación de la Ley N° 31592, promulgada el 26 de octubre de 2022, que introduce modificaciones significativas en el Código Procesal Penal respecto a la condena del absuelto. Para estos efectos, se analizó si dicha norma se ajustaba a los estándares nacionales e internacionales en lo referente a la conformidad judicial, así como examinar su viabilidad y efectividad de las impugnaciones de las condenas de absueltos. Se adoptó un enfoque metodológico mixto durante un período prolongado, abarcando el análisis de resoluciones judiciales emitidas entre el periodo 2010 - 2022. Mediante un minucioso análisis, se arribó a la conclusión de que el principio del doble conforme debe aplicarse exclusivamente al condenado, resaltando que las impugnaciones relacionadas con las condenas de absolución deben ser competencia de una Sala Penal o Mixta perteneciente a un Distrito Judicial, en lugar de ser atribución de la Corte Suprema. En consecuencia, la modificación introducida por esta Ley es altamente perjudicial en virtud de las posibles dificultades que podría ocasionar en la operatividad de los procesos de apelación, así como su potencial para debilitar el principio del doble conforme, que constituye un pilar fundamental en el sistema judicial.

RESUMEN Durante los últimos tiempos, el análisis de costos y la manera en que se relaciona con la rentabilidad ha ido cobrando mayor importancia, siendo un poco más delicada la problemática cuando se trata de empresas dentro del sector servicios. Para el presente estudio, se tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la gestión estratégica de costos y la rentabilidad en empresas de transporte de carga por carretera ubicadas en el distrito de Ate (Lima - Perú) durante el 2022. El estudio se ciñó al enfoque cuantitativo, alcance correlacional y se utilizó el diseño no experimental transeccional correlacional-causal; los participantes fueron 40 responsables de este tipo de empresas (dos encargados por cada una de las 20 compañías consideradas), a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario de 23 ítems, y en cuya redacción se empleó la escala de Likert. Luego del procesamiento y análisis de la información, se evidenció la existencia de una asociación fuerte y significativa (p <0.05) entre las dos variables del estudio, debido a que se halló un coeficiente de correlación de Spearman de 0.843. En consecuencia, se afirma que la gestión estratégica de costos se relaciona directa, fuerte y significativamente con la rentabilidad en empresas de transporte de carga por carretera del distrito de Ate; eso permite aseverar que, a una mejor gestión estratégica de costos, mayor rentabilidad.

ABSTRACT In recent times, cost analysis and the way in which it relates to profitability has become more important, with the problem being a little more delicate when it comes to companies within the service sector. For the present study, the objective was to determine the relationship between strategic cost management and profitability in road freight transport companies located in the district of Ate (Lima - Peru) during 2022. The study adhered to the quantitative approach, correlational scope and used the non-experimental correlational-causal cross-sectional design; the participants were 40 managers of this type of companies (two managers for each of the 20 companies considered), to whom a questionnaire of 23 items was applied, and in whose writing the Likert scale was used. After processing and analyzing the information, the existence of a strong and significant association (p <0.05) between the two study variables was evidenced, due to the fact that a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.843 was found. Consequently, it is stated that the strategic cost management is directly, strongly and significantly related to the profitability in road freight transport companies in the district of Ate; this allows us to assert that, with better strategic cost management, greater profitability.

Abstract In Argentina, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by EHEC has the highest incidence in the world. EHEC infection has an endemo-epidemic behavior, causing 20-30% of acute bloody diarrhea syndrome in children under 5 years old. In the period 2016-2020, 272 new cases per year were notified to the National Health Surveillance System. Multiple factors are responsible for HUS incidence in Argentina including person-to-person transmission. In order to detect possible EHEC carriers, we carried out a preliminary study of the frequency of kindergarten teachers with anti-LPS antibodies against the most prevalent EHEC serotypes in Argentina. We analyzed 61 kindergarten teachers from 26 institutions from José C. Paz district, located in the suburban area of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Fifty-one percent of the plasma samples had antibodies against O157, O145, O121 and O103 LPS: 6.4% of the positive samples had IgM isotype (n=2), 61.3% IgG isotype (n=19) and 32.3% IgM and IgG (n=10). Given that antibodies against LPS antigens are usually short-lived specific IgM detection may indicate a recent infection. In addition, the high percentage of positive samples may indicate a frequent exposure to EHEC strains in the cohort studied, as well as the existence of a large non-symptomatic population of adults carrying pathogenic strains that could contribute to the endemic behavior through person-to-person transmission. The improvement of continuous educational programs in kindergarten institutions could be a mandatory measure to reduce HUS cases not only in Argentina but also globally.

Resumen En Argentina, el síndrome urémico hemolítico causado por Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC) tiene la más alta incidencia del mundo. Las infecciones por EHEC tienen un comportamiento endemoepidémico y causan del 20 al 30% de los síndromes de diarrea sanguinolenta en niños menores de 5 años. En el período 2016-2020, se notificaron 272 nuevos casos por año al Sistema de Vigilancia de Salud Nacional. Múltiples factores son responsables de la alta incidencia de SUH en Argentina, incluyendo la transmisión persona-persona. Con el objetivo de detectar posibles portadores asintomáticos de EHEC, realizamos un estudio preliminar de la frecuencia de anticuerpos antilipopolisacáridos contra los serotipos de EHEC más prevalentes en Argentina. El estudio se realizó con muestras de plasma obtenidas de 61 maestras y maestros de jardines de infantes de 26 instituciones del distrito de José C. Paz, localizado en el área suburbana de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El 51% de las muestras presentaron anticuerpos contra los serotipos de lipopolisacáridos O157, O145, O121 y O103; el 6,4% de las muestras positivas tuvieron el isotipo IgM (n=2), el 61,3% el isotipo IgG (n=19) y el 32,3% los isotipos IgM e IgG (n=10). Dado que los anticuerpos antilipopolisacáridos presentan usualmente una duración corta, la detección de IgM específica podría indicar una infección reciente. Además, el alto porcentaje de muestras positivas hallado podría indicar una exposición frecuente a las cepas de EHEC en la cohorte estudiada. Asimismo, la gran población de adultos portadores asintomáticos de estas cepas patógenas podría contribuir al comportamiento endémico, a través de la transmisión persona-persona. El perfeccionamiento de programas educacionales continuos en jardines de infantes podría constituir una medida importante para reducir los casos de síndrome urémico hemolítico, no solo en Argentina, sino también en el mundo.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the ownership of pets and knowledge of zoonoses among residents in the district of Bambamarca - Cajamarca, Peru, in 2022. In total, 394 surveys were carried out, 30.5% in the urban area (Bambamarca city) and 69.5% in the rural area (Llaucán, San Juan de Lacamaca, Chala and El Tuco). Of those surveyed, 54.8% were female, 20.8% had completed secondary school and the average age was 39.9 years. Besides, 58.4 and 35.5% of interviewees claimed to own dogs and cats, respectively. The person: dog ratio was 4:1 and person: cat was 6.7: 1; 45.2% of dog owners raised them as pets and 45% of cat owners raised them as rodent pest controllers; 67.9% of the dogs were males and 50.5% of the cats were females. The rate of sterilized animals was less than 4% in both species. In the case of dogs, 54.1% walked without restriction and 31.7% of cats were classified as «outdoor»; 50.3% of dog owners and 69.5% of cat owners mentioned performing internal deworming, and 45 and 61.5%, respectively, performed external deworming on a regular basis (at least every 3 months). Moreover, 58% of dogs and 12.8% of cats were reported to have been vaccinated against rabies in the last year. Ignorance of the meaning of the term zoonosis reached 95.4% of those surveyed; however, 90.4% said they knew that animals could transmit diseases to people, the most recognized being rabies (69.8%). It is concluded that it is necessary to develop health education campaigns so that pet owners develop responsible ownership and thus avoid negative impacts on public health and animal welfare.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la tenencia de animales de compañía y los conocimientos de zoonosis entre pobladores en el distrito de Bambamarca - Cajamarca, Perú, en 2022. Se realizaron 394 encuestas, siendo 30.5% en la zona urbana (Bambamarca ciudad) y 69.5% en la zona rural (Llaucán, San Juan de Lacamaca, Chala y El Tuco). De los encuestados, 54.8% fueron mujeres, 20.8% contaban con secundaria completa y la edad promedio fue de 39.9 años. El 58.4 y 35.5% de entrevistados aseguraron poseer perros y gatos, respectivamente. La relación persona: perro fue 4:1 y persona: gato de 6.7: 1. El 45.2% de poseedores de canes lo criaban como mascota y el 45% de poseedores de gatos los criaban como controladores de plaga de roedores. El 67.9% de los perros fueron machos y 50.5% de los gatos fueron hembras. La tasa de animales esterilizados fue menor al 4% en ambas especies. En caso de los perros, 54.1% paseaban sin restricción y 31.7% de los gatos se clasificaron como «outdoor». El 50.3% de tenedores de perros y 69.5% de tenedores de gatos mencionaron realizar desparasitaciones internas, y 45 y 61.5%, respectivamente, desparasitaban externamente de manera regular (al menos cada 3 meses). El 58% de perros y el 12.8% de gatos fueron reportados como vacunados contra la rabia el último año. El desconocimiento del significado del término zoonosis alcanzó al 95.4% de los encuestados; sin embargo, el 90.4% afirmó conocer que los animales podrían transmitir enfermedades a las personas, siendo la más reconocida la rabia (69.8%). Se concluye que es necesario desarrollar campañas de educación sanitaria a fin de que los propietarios de animales de compañía desarrollen una tenencia responsable y evitar de esta forma impactos negativos sobre la salud pública y el bienestar animal.

Abstract Background: Real-world, primary data on the treatment of psoriasis are scarce, especially concerning the role of soluble biomarkers as outcome predictors. Objective: The authors evaluated the utility of Th1/Th17 serum cytokines along with clinical characteristics as predictors of drug survival in the treatment of psoriasis. Methods: The authors consecutively included participants with moderate to severe psoriasis who were followed up for 6 years. Baseline interferon-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and inter-leukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A were measured using a cytometric bead array; clinical data were assessed. The authors calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for drug survival using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The authors included 262 patients, most of whom used systemic immunosuppressants or biologics. In the multivariate model, poor quality of life measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (HR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.07; p = 0.012) and elevated baseline IL-6 (HR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.29–3.08; p = 0.002) were associated with treatment interruption. Study limitations: The main limitation of any cohort study is the presence of confounders that could not be detected in clinical evaluation. Conclusions: Poor quality of life and elevated baseline serum IL-6 level predicted treatment interruption in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Although IL-6 is not the most important mediator of the inflammatory pathway in the skin environment, it is an interesting biomarker candidate for predicting psoriasis treatment response.

Abstract Social networks management has undergone a remarkable evolution, becoming a fundamental element in the way people connect and make decisions online. In the current era, social networks have become essential meeting spaces, where both brands and individuals interact, collaborate and share experiences. It is for this reason that the main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the management of social networks and the new millennial digital consumer in the district of Huancavelica, year 2020. In addition, it seeks to know if there is a relationship between the dimensions internet, media social, users and content, and the variable new millennial digital consumer. The study is of a basic type with a correlational level, with a non-experimental design that used probabilistic and stratified sampling. The population was made up of 15,998 millennials (people born between 1980 and 2000) from the Huancavelica district for the year 2020, the sample was 376 millennials and the data collection was carried out through a survey validated by three experts in the field and Its reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, giving 0.831. The results obtained revealed a Rho Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.554, with a p-value of 0.00, indicating a considerable positive relationship between social networks management and the new millennial digital consumer. Demonstrating that, by carrying out more effective management of social networks, the evolution of the millennial digital consumer is promoted.

Resumen La gestión de redes sociales ha experimentado una notable evolución, convirtiéndose en un elemento fundamental en la manera en que las personas se conectan y toman decisiones en línea. En la era actual, las redes sociales se han transformado en espacios esenciales de encuentro, donde tanto marcas como individuos interactúan, colaboran y comparten experiencias. Es por esta razón que esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre la gestión de las redes sociales y el nuevo consumidor digital millennial en el distrito de Huancavelica, año 2020. Además, se busca conocer si hay relación entre las dimensiones Internet, medios sociales, usuarios y contenidos, y la variable "nuevo consumidor digital millennial". El estudio es de tipo básica, con nivel correlacional, con un diseño no experimental que empleó un muestreo probabilístico y estratificado. La población estuvo conformada por 15998 millennials (personas nacidas entre 1980 y 2000) del distrito de Huancavelica para el año 2020. La muestra fue de 376 millennials, y la recopilación de datos se realizó a través de una encuesta validada por tres expertos en el campo, y se midió la confiabilidad de esta mediante el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach, dando un 0,831. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un coeficiente de correlación Rho Spearman de 0.554 con un valor p=0.00> 0,005, lo que indica una relación positiva considerable entre la gestión de redes sociales y el nuevo consumidor digital millennial. Demostrando que, al realizar una gestión más efectiva de las redes sociales, se impulsa la evolución y el manejo de redes sociales por parte del consumidor digital millennial.

Resumo O uso e as mudanças na cobertura da terra estão afetando o meio ambiente global e os ecossistemas das diferentes biosferas. O monitoramento, relatório e verificação (MRV) dessas mudanças são de extrema importância, pois muitas vezes resultam em várias consequências ambientais globais, como degradação da terra, erosão em massa, deterioração do hábitat, bem como micro e macroclima das regiões. As tecnologias avançadas, como sensoriamento remoto (RS) e sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), são úteis para determinar / identificar essas mudanças. Na área de estudo atual, as mudanças nos estoques de carbono, principalmente em áreas florestais, estão resultando em uma dinâmica considerável dos estoques de carbono como resultado das mudanças climáticas e do sequestro de carbono. Este estudo foi realizado no distrito de Diamer de Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Paquistão, para investigar a mudança na mudança de cobertura / mudança de uso da terra (particularmente uso de terras florestais), bem como o potencial de sequestro de carbono das florestas no distrito durante quase os últimos 25 anos. A cobertura da terra, os dados temporais do Landsat (nível 1, LIT), foram baixados do USGS EROS (2016), para 1979-1989, 1990-2000 e 2001-2012. Mudanças nos usos da terra, particularmente na cobertura florestal, foram investigadas usando técnicas de SIG. O inventário florestal foi realizado por meio de técnicas de amostragem aleatória. Um lote padrão de 0,1 ha (n = 80) foi estabelecido para determinar a densidade das árvores, volume, biomassa e estoques de C. A simulação dos estoques de C foi realizada pela aplicação do modelo CO2FIX com a entrada de dados do inventário. Os resultados mostraram uma diminuição na cobertura florestal e de neve na região de 1979 a 2012. Da mesma forma, diminuição foi observada no volume da árvore, biomassa das árvores, dinâmica dos estoques de C e diminuição na densidade das árvores, respectivamente. É recomendado que precisemos de mais projetos como o BTAP (Billion Tree Afforestation Project) e o projeto Green Pakistan para aumentar a cobertura florestal, controlar as mudanças no uso da terra, proteger o ecossistema florestal e proteger a cobertura de neve.

Abstract Land use and land cover change are affecting the global environment and ecosystems of the different biospheres. Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of these changes is of utmost importance as they often results in several global environmental consequences such as land degradation, mass erosion, habitat deterioration as well as micro and macro climate of the regions. The advance technologies like remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) are helpful in determining/ identifying these changes. In the current study area, changes in carbon stocks, notably in forest areas, are resulting in considerable dynamics of carbon stocks as a result of climate change and carbon sequestration. This study was carried out in the Diamer district of the Gilgit Baltistan (GB) Pakistan to investigate the change in cover change/land use change (particularly Forest Land use) as well as carbon sequestration potential of the forests in the district during almost last 25years. The land cover, temporal Landsat data (level 1, LIT) were downloaded from the USGS EROS (2016), for 1979-1989, 1990-2000 and 2001-2012. Change in land uses, particularly forest cover was investigated using GIS techniques. Forest inventory was carried out using random sampling techniques. A standard plot of size 0.1 ha (n=80) was laid out to determine the tree density, volume, biomass and C stocks. Simulation of C stocks was accomplished by application of the CO2FIX model with the data input from inventory. Results showed a decrease in both forest and snow cover in the region from 1979-2012. Similarly decrease was seen in tree volume, tree Biomass, dynamics of C Stocks and decrease was in occur tree density respectively. It is recommended we need further more like project such as BTAP (Billion Tree Afforestation Project) and green Pakistan project to increase the forest cover, to control on land use change, protect forest ecosystem and to protect snow cover.

Resumo O peixe é a principal fonte de proteína animal para a alimentação humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi descobrir a prevalência de bactérias patogênicas de dois peixes economicamente importantes selecionados do Paquistão, nomeadamente Mahseer (Tor putitora) e carpa prateada (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Amostras de peixes vivos de incubatórios e amostras de peixes mortos de diferentes mercados da área de estudo foram coletadas aleatoriamente. As amostras de peixes foram analisadas quanto ao isolamento, identificação e prevalência de bactérias. As bactérias isoladas dos peixes do estudo foram identificadas através de testes bioquímicos e cerca de 10 espécies de bactérias patogênicas foram identificadas incluindo as bactérias patogênicas para humanos e peixes, nomeadamente, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. e Salmonella spp. A porcentagem de freqüência de ocorrência bacteriana em carpa prateada e peixes Mahseer mostrou Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21,42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17,85%, Escherichia coli 11,90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9,52%, Citrobacter spp. 9,52%, Serratia spp. 8,33%, Streptococcus iniae 7,14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5,95%, Bacillus spp. 4,76% e Salmonella spp. 3,57%. O estudo revelou que as amostras de peixes de Mahseer e carpa prateada coletadas nos mercados encontraram mais isolados (10 espécies bacterianas) do que as amostras de peixes frescos (03 espécies bacterianas) de incubatórios. A ocorrência de bactérias patogênicas nos peixes do estudo apresentou fator de risco para consumidores de saúde pública.

Abstract Fish is the main source of animal protein for human diet. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of pathogenic bacteria of two selected economically important fish of Pakistan namely Mahseer (Tor putitora) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Live fish samples from hatcheries and dead fish samples from different markets of study area were randomly collected. The fish samples were analyzed for isolation, identification and prevalence of bacteria. The isolated bacteria from study fish were identified through biochemical test and about 10 species of pathogenic bacteria were identified including the pathogenic bacteria to human and fish namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. and Salmonella spp. The bacterial percentage frequency of occurrence in Silver carp and Mahseer fish showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17.85%, Escherichia coli 11.90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9.52%, Citrobacter spp. 9.52%, Serratia spp. 8.33%, Streptococcus iniae 7.14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5.95%, Bacillus spp. 4.76% and Salmonella spp. 3.57%. The study revealed that Fish samples of Mahseer and Silver carp that were collected from markets have found more isolates (10 bacterial species) than did the fresh fish pond samples (03 bacterial species) of hatcheries. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in study fish showed risk factor for public health consumers.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar modelos baseados em dados para previsão da produção florestal em diferentes cenários de mudanças climáticas na divisão florestal Gallies do distrito de Abbottabad, Paquistão. Os modelos Random Forest (RF) e Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) foram desenvolvidos e avaliados usando dados de produção de duas espécies (pinheiro-azul e abeto-prateado) como uma variável objetiva e dados climáticos (temperatura, umidade, precipitação e velocidade do vento) como preditivos variáveis. A precisão da previsão de ambos os modelos foi avaliada por meio de erro quadrático médio (RMSE), erro absoluto médio (MAE), coeficiente de correlação (r), erro quadrático médio relativo (RRMSE), Legates-McCabe’s (LM), índice de Willmott (WI) e métricas Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE). No geral, o modelo RF superou o modelo KRR devido à sua maior precisão na previsão do rendimento florestal. O estudo recomenda fortemente que o modelo RF seja aplicado em outras regiões do país para previsão do crescimento e produtividade florestal, o que pode ajudar no manejo e planejamento futuro da produtividade florestal no Paquistão.

Abstract This study aimed to develop and evaluate data driven models for prediction of forest yield under different climate change scenarios in the Gallies forest division of district Abbottabad, Pakistan. The Random Forest (RF) and Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) models were developed and evaluated using yield data of two species (Blue pine and Silver fir) as an objective variable and climate data (temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed) as predictive variables. Prediction accuracy of both the models were assessed by means of root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (r), relative root mean squared error (RRMSE), Legates-McCabe’s (LM), Willmott’s index (WI) and Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) metrics. Overall, the RF model outperformed the KRR model due to its higher accuracy in forecasting of forest yield. The study strongly recommends that RF model should be applied in other regions of the country for prediction of forest growth and yield, which may help in the management and future planning of forest productivity in Pakistan.

Resumo A abordagem de avaliação do ciclo de vida foi realizada para um conjunto de móveis de madeira convencional produzido na divisão Mardan da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa do Paquistão durante 2018-19. Os dados primários sobre entradas e saídas foram coletados por meio de pesquisas por questionário de 100 fabricantes de conjuntos de móveis de madeira convencionais, 50 no distrito de Mardan e 50 no distrito de Swabi. No presente estudo, a abordagem de avaliação do ciclo de vida do berço ao portão foi aplicada para uma unidade funcional de um conjunto de móveis de madeira convencional. Os dados da média ponderada da produção foram modelados no software de modelagem de impactos ambientais, isto é, SimaPro v.8.5. Os resultados mostraram que os têxteis usados no conjunto de sofás, o preservativo de madeira para polir e prevenir o ataque de insetos e a gasolina usada no gerador tiveram a maior contribuição em todas as categorias de impacto ambiental avaliadas. A demanda total acumulada de energia para o conjunto de móveis de madeira fabricado foi de 30.005 MJ, com a maior parte da energia adquirida de recursos de combustíveis fósseis não renováveis.

Abstract Life cycle assessment was carried out for a conventional wooden furniture set produced in Mardan division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during 2018-19. Primary data regarding inputs and outputs were collected through questionnaire surveys from 100 conventional wooden furniture set manufacturers, 50 in district Mardan and 50 in district Swabi. In the present study, cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment approach was applied for a functional unit of one conventional wooden furniture set. Production weighted average data were modelled in the environmental impacts modelling software i.e., SimaPro v.8.5. The results showed that textile used in sofa set, wood preservative for polishing and preventing insects attack and petrol used in generator had the highest contribution to all the environmental impact categories evaluated. Total cumulative energy demand for wooden furniture set manufactured was 30,005 MJ with most of the energy acquired from non-renewable fossil fuel resources.