ABSTRACT Unvaccinated identical twins developed bilateral anterior uveitis soon after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms. During follow-up, both patients developed choroiditis, and one twine developed posterior scleritis and serous retinal detachment. Prompt treatment with oral prednisone ameliorated the lesions, and no recurrence was observed at the 18-month follow-up. Choroiditis may rarely be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and it responds well to corticosteroid therapy. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, we hypothesize that the virus may act as an immunological trigger for choroiditis. 201 symptoms followup, followup follow up, up follow-up choroiditis detachment lesions 18month month 18 followup. up. infection therapy unknown 20 1

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a sazonalidade da bronquiolite aguda no Brasil durante a temporada 2020–2022 e compará-la com a das temporadas anteriores. Métodos: Os dados de incidência de internações por bronquiolite aguda em lactentes <1 ano de idade foram obtidos do Departamento de Informática da base de dados da Saúde Pública Brasileira para o período entre 2016 e 2022. Esses dados também foram analisados por macrorregiões do Brasil (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste). Para descrever características sazonais e de tendência ao longo do tempo, utilizamos o Modelo de Médias Móveis Integradas Autorregressivas Sazonais. Resultados: Em comparação com o período pré-COVID-19, a incidência de hospitalizações relacionadas com bronquiolite aguda diminuiu 97% durante as intervenções não farmacológicas (março de 2020 – agosto de 2021), mas aumentou 95% após a flexibilização das intervenções não farmacológicas (setembro de 2021 – dezembro de 2022), resultando no aumento geral de 16%. Durante o período pré-COVID-19, as hospitalizações por bronquiolite aguda seguiram um padrão sazonal, que foi interrompido em 2020–2021, mas recuperaram-se em 2022, com um pico ocorrido em maio, aproximadamente 4% superior ao pico pré-COVID-19. Conclusões: Este estudo ressalta a influência significativa das intervenções contra a COVID-19 nas hospitalizações por bronquiolite aguda no Brasil. A restauração de um padrão sazonal em 2022 sublinha a interação entre as medidas de saúde pública e a dinâmica das doenças respiratórias em crianças pequenas. Objetivo 20202022 2020–202 comparála compará la anteriores Métodos 1 < 201 Norte, Norte (Norte Nordeste Sudeste CentroOeste. CentroOeste Centro Oeste . Centro-Oeste) tempo Sazonais Resultados préCOVID19, préCOVID19 préCOVID pré COVID 19, 19 pré-COVID-19 97 março 202 2021, , 2021) 95 setembro 2022) 16 16% 20202021 2020–2021 recuperaramse recuperaram se maio 4 préCOVID19. 19. Conclusões COVID19 COVID-1 pequenas 2020202 2020–20 20 Centro-Oeste préCOVID1 pré-COVID-1 9 COVID1 COVID- 202020 2020–2 2 pré-COVID- 20202 2020– pré-COVID

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the seasonality of acute bronchiolitis in Brazil during the 2020–2022 season and compare it with the previous seasons. Methods: Data from the incidence of hospitalizations due to acute bronchiolitis in infants <1 year of age were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Public Health database for the period between 2016 and 2022. These data were also analyzed by macro-regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Midwest). To describe seasonal and trend characteristics over time, we used the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages Model. Results: Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, the incidence of hospitalizations related to acute bronchiolitis decreased by 97% during non-pharmacological interventions (March 2020 – August 2021) but increased by 95% after non-pharmacological interventions relaxation (September 2021 – December 2022), resulting in a 16% overall increase. During the pre-COVID-19 period, hospitalizations for acute bronchiolitis followed a seasonal pattern, which was disrupted in 2020–2021 but recovered in 2022, with a peak occurring in May, approximately 4% higher than the pre-COVID-19 peak. Conclusions: This study underscores the significant influence of COVID-19 interventions on acute bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Brazil. The restoration of a seasonal pattern in 2022 highlights the interplay between public health measures and respiratory illness dynamics in young children. Objective 20202022 2020–202 seasons Methods 1 < 201 macroregions macro regions North, North (North Northeast Southeast South Midwest. Midwest . Midwest) time Model Results preCOVID19 preCOVID pre COVID 19 pre-COVID-1 97 nonpharmacological non pharmacological March 202 95 September , 2022) 16 increase 20202021 May 4 Conclusions COVID19 COVID-1 children 2020202 2020–20 20 preCOVID1 pre-COVID- 9 COVID1 COVID- 202020 2020–2 2 pre-COVID 20202 2020–

The in silico study aimed to suggest phytochemicals from Commiphora leptophloeos leaves essential oil as therapies against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2). For that, we used molecular docking (MD), absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) parameters, and pharmacokinetic analysis. MD showed the presence of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds for nine compounds. β-Selinene and bicyclogermacrene showed the best interaction values with the protein Mpro (ID: 6Y2F) (-5.9) and chimeric receptor complexed with its receptor human ACE2 (ID: 6VW1) (-6.1 and -5.5) proteins, as well as low gastrointestinal and high epithelial absorptions, medium permeability for Caco-2 cells and high epithelial permeability, low oral excretion, and were inhibitors of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 enzymes. On the other hand, both were not permeable to the blood-brain barrier and inhibitors or substrates for glycoprotein-D, and showed carcinogenic potential, but only β-selinene was considered mutagenic. Although little bioavailable, both presented aspects structurally adequate, being compounds with moderate synthesis difficulty. Therefore, more analyses are necessary to evaluate the mechanism of action and unsatisfactory parameters foreseen in bioinformatic assays. COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 2 SARSCoV2. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV . SARS-CoV-2) that MD, , (MD) absorption distribution metabolism excretion ADMET (ADMET analysis βSelinene β Selinene ID (ID 6Y2F YF Y F 5.9 59 5 9 (-5.9 ACE 6VW1 VW 6.1 61 6 1 (-6. 5.5 55 -5.5 proteins absorptions Caco2 Caco Caco- CYPC CYP C CYP2C1 CYP2C enzymes hand bloodbrain blood brain glycoproteinD, glycoproteinD glycoprotein D, D glycoprotein-D potential βselinene selinene mutagenic bioavailable adequate difficulty Therefore assays COVID1 (COVID-1 SARS-CoV-2 (MD 5. (-5. 6VW 6. (-6 -5. (COVID- SARS-CoV- (-5 (- -5 (COVID SARS-CoV ( -

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a presença de anticorpos neutralizantes contra o SARS-CoV-2 no leite materno e no sangue das lactantes vacinadas em relação àquelas não vacinadas. Fontes de dados: Foi efetuado registro no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews — PROSPERO (CRD42021287554) e foram seguidas as diretrizes do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Foram elegíveis estudos de coorte, caso-controle e transversais que avaliaram anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2 no leite e no sangue de lactantes vacinadas e tiveram como grupo controle lactantes não vacinadas. Utilizaram-se os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCs), Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) e Emtree para as bases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/PubMed) e Embase, respectivamente. Na Web of Science e Scopus foi feita adaptação da estratégia. Não foram estabelecid as restrições quanto ao período de publicação e idioma. Síntese dos dados: As buscas identificaram 233 registros. Foram excluídos 128 duplicados e 101 fora dos critérios de inclusão, e quatro estudos de coorte foram elegíveis. As lactantes vacinadas com Pfizer-BioNTech e Moderna apresentaram anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2 no sangue e no leite materno. Conclusões: As mulheres lactantes vacinadas apresentaram níveis mais elevados de imunoglobulina G (IgG) e A (IgA) no soro e no leite materno em comparação com as mulheres não vacinadas. Objetivo SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- dados CRD42021287554 CRD (CRD42021287554 MetaAnalysis Meta PRISMA. PRISMA . (PRISMA) casocontrole caso Utilizaramse Utilizaram se DeCs, DeCs , (DeCs) MeSH (MeSH BVS, BVS (BVS) Medline/PubMed MedlinePubMed Medline PubMed (Medline/PubMed Embase respectivamente estratégia idioma 23 registros 12 10 inclusão PfizerBioNTech Pfizer BioNTech Conclusões IgG (IgG IgA (IgA SARS-CoV CRD4202128755 (CRD4202128755 (PRISMA (DeCs (BVS 1 CRD420212875 (CRD420212875 CRD42021287 (CRD42021287 CRD4202128 (CRD4202128 CRD420212 (CRD420212 CRD42021 (CRD42021 CRD4202 (CRD4202 CRD420 (CRD420 CRD42 (CRD42 CRD4 (CRD4 (CRD

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 found in the breast milk and blood of vaccinated lactating women with those not vaccinated. Data source: The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under CRD42021287554 and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that evaluated antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the milk and blood of vaccinated mothers and had as control group unvaccinated mothers were eligible. Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCs), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Emtree descriptors were used for the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/Pubmed), and Embase databases, respectively. In the Web of Science and Scopus, the strategy was adapted. No restrictions on the publication period and language were set. Data synthesis: The search identified 233 records, of which 128 duplicates and 101 papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. Hence, four cohort studies were eligible. Nursing mothers vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines showed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in their blood and breast milk. Conclusions: Vaccinated lactating women had higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) in serum and breast milk than unvaccinated women. Objective SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- source PROSPERO (PROSPERO CRD CRD4202128755 MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMA (PRISMA guidelines Cohort casecontrol, casecontrol case control, case-control crosssectional cross sectional eligible DeCs, DeCs , (DeCs) MeSH (MeSH VHL, VHL (VHL) Medline/Pubmed, MedlinePubmed Medline/Pubmed Medline Pubmed (Medline/Pubmed) databases respectively Scopus adapted set synthesis 23 records 12 10 excluded Hence PfizerBioNTech Pfizer BioNTech Conclusions IgG (IgG IgA (IgA SARS-CoV CRD420212875 (DeCs (VHL (Medline/Pubmed 1 CRD42021287 CRD4202128 CRD420212 CRD42021 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever casos de lesão renal aguda (LRA) em crianças diagnosticadas com COVID-19, associando fatores de risco, aspectos clínicos e evolução dos casos. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado em hospital pediátrico entre março de 2020 e setembro de 2021, com pacientes com COVID-19 diagnosticados com LRA, que examinou informações presentes em prontuários como comorbidades, idade, sexo e uso de medicações nefrotóxicas. Resultados: Foram estudados 40 casos, sendo o sexo masculino significativamente mais acometido (62,5%; p=0,025). A LRA foi uma complicação grave da infecção por COVID-19, com 100% da amostra necessitando de internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e 22,5% indo a óbito. As comorbidades mais prevalentes analisadas neste estudo foram epilepsia, paralisia cerebral e cardiopatia. A maioria dos pacientes foi classificada pelos critérios Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) como KDIGO 1 (42,5%) e necessitou de intubação orotraqueal (67,5%). A frequência de uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos e necessidade de diálise foi baixa, com percentuais de 35 e 17,5%, respectivamente. Entre as crianças que faleceram, 70,4% apresentavam alguma comorbidade e 88,8% receberam ventilação invasiva. Conclusões: A LRA em crianças com infecção por COVID-19 está associada a quadros graves, apesar de a maior parte dos pacientes ter recebido alta hospitalar. Objetivo (LRA COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 risco Métodos retrospectivo 202 2021 COVID-1 idade nefrotóxicas Resultados 4 62,5% 625 62 5 (62,5% p=0,025. p0025 p p=0,025 . 0 025 p=0,025) 100 225 22 22,5 óbito epilepsia cardiopatia Disease (KDIGO 42,5% 425 42 (42,5% 67,5%. 675 67,5% 67 (67,5%) baixa 3 175 17 17,5% respectivamente faleceram 704 70 70,4 888 88 8 88,8 invasiva Conclusões graves hospitalar COVID1 20 COVID- 62,5 6 (62,5 p002 p=0,02 02 10 2 22, 42,5 (42,5 67,5 (67,5% 17,5 7 70, 88, 62, (62, p00 p=0,0 42, (42, 67, (67,5 17, (62 p0 p=0, (42 (67, (6 p=0 (4 (67 ( p=

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children diagnosed with COVID-19, associated risk factors, clinical aspects and outcome of cases. Methods: Retrospective study, carried out in a pediatric hospital between March 2020 and September 2021, with patients with COVID-19 who were diagnosed with AKI, studying information present in medical records such as comorbidities, age, gender and use of nephrotoxic medications. Results: We studied 40 cases, and male individuals were significantly more affected (62.5%; p=0.025). AKI was a severe complication of COVID-19 infection, with 100% of the sample requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit and 22.5% dying. The most prevalent comorbidities analyzed in this study were epilepsy, cerebral palsy and heart disease. Most patients were classified according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as KDIGO 1 (42.5%), and required orotracheal intubation (67.5%). The frequency of use of nephrotoxic medications and need for dialysis was low, with percentages of 35 and 17.5%, respectively. Among the children who died, 70.4% had some comorbidity and 88.8% received invasive ventilation. Conclusions: AKI in children with COVID-19 infection is associated with severe conditions. Despite the severity, most patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Objective (AKI COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 factors Methods 202 2021 COVID-1 age Results 4 62.5% 625 62 5 (62.5% p=0.025. p0025 p p=0.025 . 0 025 p=0.025) 100 225 22 22.5 dying epilepsy disease Disease (KDIGO 42.5%, 425 42.5% , 42 (42.5%) 67.5%. 675 67.5% 67 (67.5%) low 3 175 17 17.5% respectively died 704 70 70.4 888 88 8 88.8 ventilation Conclusions conditions severity COVID1 20 COVID- 62.5 6 (62.5 p002 p=0.02 02 10 2 22. 42.5 (42.5% 67.5 (67.5% 17.5 7 70. 88. 62. (62. p00 p=0.0 42. (42.5 67. (67.5 17. (62 p0 p=0. (42. (67. (6 p=0 (42 (67 ( p= (4

Resumen Marco contextual: La pandemia de SARS- CoV-2 ha planteado numerosos retos a las madres de niños y jóvenes de hasta 18 años, debido a la gestión de las responsabilidades inherentes a su papel social. Objetivo: Comprender los significados y contextos de las experiencias de las madres portuguesas de niños y jóvenes adolescentes de hasta 18 años, durante la situación de pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Participaron en el estudio 16 mujeres, madres de niños y jóvenes adolescentes de hasta 18 años. Resultados: Surgieron un total de nueve categorías - Sentimientos; Percepción de la salud; Cambios en el estado de salud; Experiencias notables; Significado de las experiencias; Dificultades sentidas durante la situación de pandemia; Dificultades sentidas en la educación; Dificultades sentidas como madre y esposa, e Impactos en la educación de los hijos. Conclusión: La mayoría de las madres entrevistadas consideraron que el periodo de la pandemia de COVID-19 fue una fase impactante en sus vidas, lo que dio lugar a una ambivalencia de sentimientos y diferentes contextos experienciales.

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed many challenges for mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age in managing the responsibilities associated with their social roles. Objective: To understand the meanings and contexts of the experiences of Portuguese mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, and retrospective study using Bardin’s content analysis. The sample consisted of 16 mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age. Results: Nine categories emerged - Feelings; Perception of health; Changes in health status; Significant experiences; Meaning of experiences; Difficulties felt during the pandemic; Difficulties felt in education; Difficulties felt as a mother and wife; and Impact on children’s education. Conclusion: Most of the interviewed mothers considered the COVID-19 pandemic a significant period in their lives, giving rise to ambivalent feelings and distinct life contexts.

Resumo Enquadramento: A pandemia por COVID-19 trouxe inúmeros desafios às mães de crianças e jovens até aos 18 anos de idade, pela gestão de responsabilidades a que o seu papel social se encontra inerente. Objetivo: Compreender quais são os significados e os contextos das vivências de mães portuguesas de crianças e jovens adolescentes até aos 18 anos de idade, no período de situação pandémica por COVID-19; Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e retrospetivo recorrendo à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Participaram no estudo 16 mulheres, mães de crianças e jovens adolescentes até aos 18 anos de idade. Resultados: Emergiram um total de nove categorias, sendo elas - Sentimentos; Perceção de saúde; Alterações no estado de saúde; experiências marcantes; Significado das experiências; Dificuldades sentidas durante o período de situação pandémica; dificuldades sentidas na educação; dificuldades sentidas enquanto mãe e mulher e impactos na educação dos filhos. Conclusão: A maioria das mães entrevistadas considerou o período pandémico por COVID-19 como uma fase impactante nas suas vidas, originando ambivalência de sentimentos e contextos vivenciais distintos.

Resumen Marco contextual: En tiempos de pandemia, las citas de enfermería para el seguimiento del embarazo cambiaron, sobre todo la restricción de acompañantes. Por esta razón, es importante evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con los cuidados de enfermería durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con la atención prestada por las enfermeras obstétricas en las consultas de seguimiento del embarazo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal de carácter cuantitativo, con una muestra de 196 mujeres embarazadas. Se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción de los Pacientes con Asistencia de Enfermería (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), compuesta por las siguientes dimensiones: relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, confianza, credibilidad y dedicación. Resultados: Las mujeres embarazadas están, de media, más satisfechas en la dimensión relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, y menos satisfechas en la dimensión dedicación. Conclusión: Las embarazadas se mostraron satisfechas con los cuidados de enfermería y se dieron cuenta de su importancia. Esto refuerza la pertinencia de que las consultas sean realizadas por una enfermera especializada en Enfermería de Salud Materna y Obstétrica.

Abstract Background: Prenatal nursing appointments underwent changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely in the restriction of companions. For this reason, it is important to assess pregnant women’s satisfaction with nursing care during this period. Objective: To assess pregnant women’s satisfaction with nurse midwife-led prenatal appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 196 pregnant women. The Portuguese version of the General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale (Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem) was administered to the sample. The tool consists of the following dimensions: interpersonal relationship and communication, confidence, credibility, and dedication. Results: Pregnant women are, on average, more satisfied in the interpersonal relationship and communication dimension and less satisfied in the dedication dimension. Conclusion: Pregnant women are satisfied with nursing care and acknowledge its importance. This finding reinforces the importance of nurse midwife-led consultations.

Resumo Enquadramento: Em tempo de pandemia, as consultas de enfermagem de vigilância da gravidez sofreram alterações, nomeadamente na restrição de acompanhantes. Por esse motivo, é importante a avaliação da satisfação das grávidas com a assistência de enfermagem durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação da grávida com a assistência das enfermeiras obstétricas nas consultas de vigilância da gravidez durante o contexto de pandemia COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 196 grávidas. Aplicado a Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), constituída pelas dimensões: relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação, confiança, credibilidade e dedicação. Resultados: As grávidas apresentam-se em média mais satisfeitas na dimensão relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação e menos satisfeitas na dimensão dedicação. Conclusão: As grávidas apresentam-se satisfeitas com a assistência de enfermagem percecionando a sua importância. Tal reforça a pertinência das consultas serem realizadas por um Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica.

RESUMO Desde 1965, os Programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil têm aplicado exames de proficiência com o objetivo de verificar a capacidade de leitura, interpretação e compreensão de textos em línguas estrangeiras. Nesses exames, a única fonte de pesquisa permitida é o dicionário impresso. Guiado pela teoria dos Sistemas Dinâmicos Complexos, este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a relevância desse modelo de exame, no contexto das práticas sociais mediadas por tecnologias digitais que, devido à pandemia da COVID-19, tiveram que se adaptar. A análise foi baseada em 93 editais publicados pelos Programas antes da pandemia (2017-2019) e durante a pandemia (2020-2021). Os resultados mostram que apenas o CEFET-MG, durante a pandemia, propôs um exame em que todas as fontes (analógicas e digitais) foram permitidas aos candidatos. 1965 PósGraduação Pós Graduação leitura estrangeiras impresso Complexos COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 adaptar 9 20172019 2017 2019 (2017-2019 20202021. 20202021 2020 2021 . (2020-2021) CEFETMG, CEFETMG CEFET MG, MG CEFET-MG analógicas candidatos 196 COVID1 1 COVID-1 2017201 201 (2017-201 2020202 202 (2020-2021 COVID- 201720 20 (2017-20 202020 (2020-202 20172 2 (2017-2 20202 (2020-20 (2017- (2020-2 (2017 (2020- (201 (2020 (20 (202 (2 (

ABSTRACT Since 1965, graduate Programs in Brazil, with the objective to verify the capacity to read, interpret and understand texts in foreign languages, have applied proficiency exams, in which the only research source allowed is the printed dictionary. Guided by the theory of Complex Dynamic Systems, this article proposes a reflection on the relevance of this examination model, in the context of social practices mediated by digital technologies that, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, had to adapt. The analysis was based on 93 public notices published by the Programs before the pandemic (2017-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2021). The results show that only CEFET-MG, during the Covid-19 pandemic, proposed an exam in which all sources (analogic and digital) were allowed to candidates. 1965 Brazil read languages exams dictionary Systems model COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 adapt 9 20172019 2017 2019 (2017-2019 20202021. 20202021 2020 2021 . (2020-2021) CEFETMG, CEFETMG CEFET MG, MG CEFET-MG Covid19 Covid Covid-1 analogic candidates 196 COVID1 1 COVID- 2017201 201 (2017-201 2020202 202 (2020-2021 Covid1 Covid- 201720 20 (2017-20 202020 (2020-202 20172 2 (2017-2 20202 (2020-20 (2017- (2020-2 (2017 (2020- (201 (2020 (20 (202 (2 (

Abstract Introduction: Positive mental health involves a mix of personal and psychosocial resources, as well as attitudes, affections, and positive behaviors that allow the person to face the challenges that arise in life, at a personal, family, social, and school level. Objective: Determine the association between personal factors and positive mental health in high school students during COVID-19. Methodology: Descriptive correlational study. Intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The sample consisted of 210 students of both sexes, ages 15 to 19, enrolled in cycle 2022-1 of the morning shift. Adolescents with visual conditions were excluded. A personal factors study and Positive Mental Health Scale were applied, with prior assent and informed consent. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential Results: The students were 64.8% female, 76.1% were under 17 years of age, 53.3% were in the sixth semester, 42% presented COVID-19 and 45% reported losses due to COVID-19. Global positive mental health was low in 50.5% of students. There was a significant positive statistical association in overall positive mental health with sex p=0.01, and a negative one with suffering from a mental illness p=0.01 and having family members who suffered from a mental illness p=0.05. Conclusion: Mental health of young people was not very positive. It needs to be studied to generate nursing interventions for promotion and prevention of school health to result in effective stress management of young people who are in high school when considering the family, society, and the educational field.

Abstrato Introdução: A saúde mental positiva envolve um conjunto de recursos pessoais e psicossociais, atitudes, afetos e comportamentos positivos que permitem à pessoa enfrentar os desafios que surgem na vida, a nível pessoal, familiar, social e escolar. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre fatores pessoais e saúde mental positiva em estudantes do ensino médio em tempos de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, preditivo e correlacional. Amostragem não probabilística intencional, amostra 210 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, matriculados no ciclo 2022-1 do turno da manhã. Foram excluídos os adolescentes com problemas visuais. Foram aplicados inquérito de fatores pessoais e Escala de Saúde Mental Positiva, com prévio assentimento e consentimento informado. A análise estatística foi descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Os alunos eram 64,8% do sexo feminino, 76,1% tinham menos de 17 anos, 53,3% estavam no sexto semestre, 42% apresentaram COVID-19 e 45% relataram perdas por COVID-19. A saúde mental positiva global foi baixa em 50,5% dos estudantes. Houve associação estatística positiva significativa na saúde mental geral positiva com sexo p=0,01, e negativa com sofrer de doença mental p=0,01 e ter familiares que sofriam de doença mental p=0,05. Conclusão: A saúde mental positiva dos jovens foi baixa, necessita ser estudada para gerar intervenções de enfermagem na promoção e prevenção da saúde escolar para promover o enfrentamento eficaz do manejo do estresse dos jovens que estão no ensino médio quando se considera a família, a sociedade e o campo educacional.

Resumen Introducción: La salud mental positiva involucra una mezcla de recursos personales y psicosociales, actitudes, afectos y comportamientos positivos que permiten a la persona enfrentar los retos que se le presentan en la vida, a nivel personal, familiar, social y escolar. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores personales y la salud mental positiva en estudiantes de bachillerato en tiempos de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Muestreo intencional no probabilístico, en una muestra de 210 estudiantes de ambos sexos, edades de 15 a 19 años, inscritos en ciclo 2022-1 del turno matutino. Se excluyeron adolescentes con afecciones visuales. Se aplicó encuesta de factores personales y Escala de Salud Mental Positiva, previo asentimiento y consentimiento informado. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Los estudiantes fueron 64.8 % del sexo femenino, 76.1 % eran menores de 17 años, 53.3 % cursaban sexto semestre, 42 % presentó COVID-19 y 45 % manifestó pérdidas por Covid-19. La salud mental positiva global fue baja en 50.5 % de los estudiantes. Hubo asociación estadística significativa positiva en salud mental positiva global con sexo p=0.01, y negativa con padecer alguna enfermedad mental p=0.01 y contar con familiares que padecían alguna enfermedad mental p=0.05. Conclusión: La salud mental positiva de los jóvenes fue baja, se requiere ser estudiada para generar intervenciones de enfermería en promoción y prevención de la salud escolar para favorecer un afrontamiento efectivo del manejo el estrés de los jóvenes que cursan bachillerato al considerar a la familia, la sociedad y al ámbito educativo.

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an important impact on the training of nursing professionals, affecting the mental health of students due to the experiences they have faced. Objective: Assess the level of academic stress in nursing students and its relationship to anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Correlational study with 1009 nursing students who agreed to participate. A virtual survey was applied, collecting sociodemographic and COVID-19 Pandemic experiences data, in addition to questionnaires on anxiety, depression, insomnia, and post-traumatic and academic stress, with prior authorization from the research and ethics committee. Statistical analysis such as Square Chi, Spearman's Rho and logistic regression model were used. Results: 68.1 % presented anxiety, 64.3 % depression, 56.3 % insomnia and 85.7 % academic stress. Academic stress showed statistical association with sex, school period, diagnosis in a family member and contact with a person suspected or confirmed of having COVID-19. Presenting academic stress is 3.9 times higher with moderate anxiety, 10.6 times higher with moderate depression, 12.7 times higher with moderate clinical insomnia, 1.8 times higher with a family member diagnosed with the disease, and 2.6 times higher with contact of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: Mental health problems were related to academic stress levels in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nursing professional must design educational and training strategies to reduce the levels of these problems, applicable from educational training to the workplace.

Abstrato Introdução: A Pandemia do COVID-19 teve um impacto significativo na formação dos profissionais de enfermagem, afetando a saúde mental dos estudantes devido às vivências por eles enfrentadas. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de estresse acadêmico em estudantes de enfermagem e sua relação com ansiedade, depressão, insônia, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e experiências durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional com 1009 graduandos de enfermagem que concordaram em participar. Foi aplicada uma pesquisa virtual, coletando dados sociodemográficos e experiências da Pandemia da COVID-19, além de questionários sobre ansiedade, depressão, insônia e estresse pós-traumático e acadêmico, com autorização prévia do comitê de ética e pesquisa. Foram utilizadas análises estatísticas como Qui-cuadrado, Rho de Spearman e modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: 68.1 % presented anxiety, 64.3 % depression, 56.3 % insomnia and 85.7 % academic stress. Academic stress showed statistical association with sex, school period, diagnosis in a family member and contact with a person suspected or confirmed of having COVID-19. Presenting academic stress is 3.9 times higher with moderate anxiety, 10.6 times higher with moderate depression, 12.7 times higher with moderate clinical insomnia, 1.8 times higher with a family member diagnosed with the disease, and 2.6 times higher with contact of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusões: Problemas de saúde mental foram relacionados aos níveis de estresse acadêmico em estudantes de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O profissional de enfermagem deve traçar estratégias educacionais e de treinamento para reduzir os níveis desses problemas, aplicáveis desde a formação educacional até o ambiente de trabalho.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado un impacto importante en la formación de profesionales de enfermería, afectando la salud mental en estudiantes debido a las experiencias enfrentadas. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería y su relación con la ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, estrés postraumático y experiencias durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio correlacional con 1009 estudiantes matriculados de licenciatura en enfermería que aceptaron participar. Se aplicó encuesta virtual, recolectando datos sociodemográficos y de experiencias durante la pandemia de COVID-19, además de los cuestionarios sobre ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, estrés postraumático y académico, con previa autorización del comité de investigación y ética. El análisis se realizó con Ji cuadrada, Rho de Spearman, y el modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: El 68.1 % presentaron ansiedad, el 64.3 % depresión, el 56.3 % insomnio y el 85.7 % estrés académico. El estrés académico mostró asociación estadística con sexo, periodo académico, diagnóstico en familiar y contacto con persona sospechosa/confirmada de COVID-19. Presentar estrés académico es 3.9 veces mayor con ansiedad moderada, 10.6 veces mayor con depresión moderada, 12.7 veces mayor con insomnio clínico moderado, 1.8 veces mayor con familiar diagnosticado con la enfermedad y 2.6 veces mayor con contacto de casos sospechosos/confirmados de COVID-19. Conclusión: Problemas de salud mental mostraron relación estadística con estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El profesional de enfermería debe diseñar estrategias educativas y de capacitación para disminuir los niveles de estos problemas, aplicables desde la formación hasta lo laboral.

Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 influyó en el proceso de educación superior generando una transición entre la modalidad presencial a la modalidad en línea-emergente en la que se identificaron varias dificultades para el acceso debido a la inequidad, problemas tecnológicos, crisis de salud y económica a nivel mundial, y en Ecuador a nivel de docentes y estudiantes. El descubrimiento de conocimiento en bases de datos de KDD - Educacional, el análisis de técnicas de minería de datos de clasificación y agrupación, y el complemento de análisis de datos con la inteligencia de negocios determinaron los factores desde la perspectiva de la institución, del docente y de los estudiantes que inciden en el proceso de educación en línea, donde se demuestra además, la importancia del modelo de educación, la metodología del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, el entorno de aprendizaje y el bienestar de los docentes y estudiantes que garantizan una educación superior en línea de calidad con igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted higher education, forcing a rapid transition from face-to-face modality to the emerging online learning modality. This transition exposed several challenges, including, inequitable access to technology, global health and economic crisis, and specific difficulties faced by both teachers and students in Ecuador. Knowledge discovery in KDD - Educational databases, the analysis of classification and clustering data mining techniques and the complement of data analysis with business intelligence determined the factors from the perspective of the institution, teachers and students that influence the online education process. In addition, the importance of the education model, the teaching-learning process methodology, the learning environment, and the well-being of teachers and students that guarantee quality online higher education with equal access opportunities is demonstrated.

RESUMEN Desde finales de 2019, la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha traído consigo desafíos globales sin precedentes, afectando profundamente las estructuras socioeconómicas en todo el mundo. América Latina, conocida por su diversidad económica y social, ha sentido estos impactos de manera significativa. En este escenario, la protección social no contributiva se ha revelado como un pilar fundamental para contrarrestar las adversidades económicas y sociales de la crisis sanitaria, en especial para aquellos sectores de la población que quedan fuera del alcance de los sistemas tradicionales de seguridad social basados en contribuciones laborales. El artículo examina las respuestas políticas y sociales implementadas en la región en respuesta a la crisis sanitaria a través de una variedad de estrategias, incluyendo transferencias monetarias directas, programas de protección del empleo, y medidas de asistencia sanitaria. Este análisis proporciona una visión integral de la situación y destaca la relevancia de las medidas de emergencia en tiempos de crisis y su papel en la construcción de un futuro más seguro y justo para la región.

ABSTRACT Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented global challenges, deeply affecting socioeconomic structures worldwide. Latin America, known for its economic and social diversity, has significantly felt these impacts. In this scenario, non-contributory social protection has emerged as a fundamental pillar to counteract the economic and social adversities of the health crisis, especially for those sectors of the population that are beyond the reach of traditional social security systems based on labour contributions. The article examines the political and social responses implemented in the region in response to the health crisis through a variety of strategies, including direct monetary transfers, employment protection programs, and health assistance measures. This analysis provides a comprehensive view of the situation, highlighting the importance of emergency measures in times of crisis and their role in building a safer and more just future for the region.

RESUMEN Para las economías en desarrollo el diseño de políticas con respecto al financiamiento externo es realmente complejo. El estallido y posterior evolución de la crisis derivada de la pandemia de COVID-19 a inicios del 2020 afectó, en primer lugar, a las economías en desarrollo que debieron enfrentarse a una compleja situación interna y restricción al financiamiento internacional. El presente trabajo describe el complejo escenario internacional que dificulta el acceso al financiamiento externo y se detiene en el caso cubano, en el cual un conjunto de factores internos y externos dificultan de manera extrema el acceso a recursos financieros imprescindibles para la recuperación y el desarrollo del país. El análisis se centra en el financiamiento proveniente de fuentes privadas y en particular en dos de sus principales instrumentos, la inversión extranjera directa y las remesas.

ABSTRAC For developing economies, the design of policies regarding external financing is really complex. The outbreak and subsequent evolution of the crisis derived from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 affected, first of all, developing economies that had to face a complex internal situation and restriction on international financing. This work describes the complex international scenario that makes access to external financing difficult and focuses on the Cuban case in which a set of internal and external factors make it extremely difficult to access essential financial resources for recovery and development from the country. The analysis focuses on financing from private sources and in particular on two of its main instruments, foreign direct investment and remittances.

RESUMEN A partir del primer trimestre del 2020 las economías de todo el mundo iniciaron una desaceleración en su actividad debido al confinamiento generado por la pandemia del COVID-19. En varias economías, se implementaron políticas monetarias y fiscales expansivas para tratar de evitar una caída drástica del desempleo y la producción. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre los niveles de inflación y desempleo al inicio de la pandemia, tanto de México, como de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y, evaluar si existe una diferencia de dicha relación entre ambos países. Se utilizaron datos mensuales de la inflación y el desempleo desde enero de 2016 a diciembre 2020, considerando un Modelo Aditivo Generalizado (MAG) para estudiar la relación entre la inflación y el desempleo en ambos países. Los resultados esperados sugerirían la existencia evidente de la curva de Phillips en el corto plazo en Estados Unidos, no así en México, por lo que no justificaría en este último una política fiscal expansiva para estimular la economía. Se concluye que políticas económicas ortodoxas para estimular a la economía y disminuir el desempleo no forzosamente tendrían los efectos esperados en el caso de México y sí en un incremento de precios. Código JEL: E24; E31; E63.

ABSTRACT As of the first quarter of 2020, economies around the world began a slowdown in their activity due to the confinement generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In several economies, expansionary monetary and fiscal policies were implemented to try to avoid a drastic drop in unemployment and production. The objective of the work is to analyze the relationship between the levels of inflation and unemployment at the beginning of the pandemic, both in Mexico and in the United States of America, and to assess whether there is a difference in said relationship between both countries. Monthly inflation and unemployment data were used from January 2016 to December 2020, considering a Generalized Additive Model (MAG) to study the relationship between inflation and unemployment in both countries. The expected results would suggest the evident existence of the Phillips curve in the short term in the United States, but not in Mexico, so it would not justify an expansive fiscal policy in the latter to stimulate the economy. It is concluded that orthodox economic policies to stimulate the economy and reduce unemployment would not necessarily have the expected effects in the case of Mexico but would have an increase in prices. Código JEL: E24; E31; E63.

RESUMEN El contexto de pandemia ha evidenciado dificultades en la salud física y mental, donde han emergido emociones como la angustia, ansiedad, miedo e irritabilidad. A partir de este escenario, se considera importante analizar la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental, ya que se han evidenciado cambios abruptos en la dinámica familiar que representaron un importante y vertiginoso desafío de adaptación. Debido a que se carece de estudios con aproximaciones cualitativas que describan las experiencias en este ámbito, el objetivo del estudio es describir la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 en la región del Biobío, Chile. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, orientada desde un diseño fenomenológico. Los participantes fueron tres madres y tres padres chilenos, entre 20 y 50 años. Se utiliza la entrevista semi-estructurada para recolectar la información y el análisis de contenido temático para la construcción de categorías. Los resultados muestran que los padres y madres perciben un agotamiento asociado a un desajuste entre las demandas relacionadas con la crianza de los hijos, incluidas las expectativas de sí mismos y sus responsabilidades, y la disponibilidad de recursos para satisfacer esas demandas y expectativas. Se concluye una experiencia parental basada en sentimientos desadaptativos como el agobio y adaptativos como la cercanía parental, además de un carácter mayoritariamente íntimo en las actividades familiares, sociales y de ocio.

ABSTRACT The context of the pandemic has evidenced difficulties in physical and mental health, where emotions such as anguish, anxiety, fear, and irritability have emerged. Based on this scenario, it is considered important to analyze the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout, since abrupt changes in family dynamics have been evidenced, which represented an important and dizzying adaptation challenge. Due to the lack of studies with qualitative approaches that describe the experiences in this area, the aim of the study is to describe the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Biobío Region, Chile. A qualitative methodology is used, oriented from a phenomenological design. The participants were three Chilean mothers and three fathers, between 20 and 50 years old. The semi-structured interview is used to collect the information and the thematic content analysis for the construction of categories. The results show that fathers and mothers perceive exhaustion associated with a mismatch between the demands related to raising children, including expectations of themselves and their responsibilities, and the availability of resources to meet those demands and expectations. A parental experience based on maladaptive feelings such as overwhelm and adaptive feelings such as parental closeness is concluded, as well as a most intimate character in family, social, and leisure activities.