RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a sazonalidade da bronquiolite aguda no Brasil durante a temporada 2020–2022 e compará-la com a das temporadas anteriores. Métodos: Os dados de incidência de internações por bronquiolite aguda em lactentes <1 ano de idade foram obtidos do Departamento de Informática da base de dados da Saúde Pública Brasileira para o período entre 2016 e 2022. Esses dados também foram analisados por macrorregiões do Brasil (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste). Para descrever características sazonais e de tendência ao longo do tempo, utilizamos o Modelo de Médias Móveis Integradas Autorregressivas Sazonais. Resultados: Em comparação com o período pré-COVID-19, a incidência de hospitalizações relacionadas com bronquiolite aguda diminuiu 97% durante as intervenções não farmacológicas (março de 2020 – agosto de 2021), mas aumentou 95% após a flexibilização das intervenções não farmacológicas (setembro de 2021 – dezembro de 2022), resultando no aumento geral de 16%. Durante o período pré-COVID-19, as hospitalizações por bronquiolite aguda seguiram um padrão sazonal, que foi interrompido em 2020–2021, mas recuperaram-se em 2022, com um pico ocorrido em maio, aproximadamente 4% superior ao pico pré-COVID-19. Conclusões: Este estudo ressalta a influência significativa das intervenções contra a COVID-19 nas hospitalizações por bronquiolite aguda no Brasil. A restauração de um padrão sazonal em 2022 sublinha a interação entre as medidas de saúde pública e a dinâmica das doenças respiratórias em crianças pequenas. Objetivo 20202022 2020–202 comparála compará la anteriores Métodos 1 < 201 Norte, Norte (Norte Nordeste Sudeste CentroOeste. CentroOeste Centro Oeste . Centro-Oeste) tempo Sazonais Resultados préCOVID19, préCOVID19 préCOVID pré COVID 19, 19 pré-COVID-19 97 março 202 2021, , 2021) 95 setembro 2022) 16 16% 20202021 2020–2021 recuperaramse recuperaram se maio 4 préCOVID19. 19. Conclusões COVID19 COVID-1 pequenas 2020202 2020–20 20 Centro-Oeste préCOVID1 pré-COVID-1 9 COVID1 COVID- 202020 2020–2 2 pré-COVID- 20202 2020– pré-COVID

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the seasonality of acute bronchiolitis in Brazil during the 2020–2022 season and compare it with the previous seasons. Methods: Data from the incidence of hospitalizations due to acute bronchiolitis in infants <1 year of age were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Public Health database for the period between 2016 and 2022. These data were also analyzed by macro-regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Midwest). To describe seasonal and trend characteristics over time, we used the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages Model. Results: Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, the incidence of hospitalizations related to acute bronchiolitis decreased by 97% during non-pharmacological interventions (March 2020 – August 2021) but increased by 95% after non-pharmacological interventions relaxation (September 2021 – December 2022), resulting in a 16% overall increase. During the pre-COVID-19 period, hospitalizations for acute bronchiolitis followed a seasonal pattern, which was disrupted in 2020–2021 but recovered in 2022, with a peak occurring in May, approximately 4% higher than the pre-COVID-19 peak. Conclusions: This study underscores the significant influence of COVID-19 interventions on acute bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Brazil. The restoration of a seasonal pattern in 2022 highlights the interplay between public health measures and respiratory illness dynamics in young children. Objective 20202022 2020–202 seasons Methods 1 < 201 macroregions macro regions North, North (North Northeast Southeast South Midwest. Midwest . Midwest) time Model Results preCOVID19 preCOVID pre COVID 19 pre-COVID-1 97 nonpharmacological non pharmacological March 202 95 September , 2022) 16 increase 20202021 May 4 Conclusions COVID19 COVID-1 children 2020202 2020–20 20 preCOVID1 pre-COVID- 9 COVID1 COVID- 202020 2020–2 2 pre-COVID 20202 2020–

Abstract Background: Prenatal nursing appointments underwent changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely in the restriction of companions. For this reason, it is important to assess pregnant women’s satisfaction with nursing care during this period. Objective: To assess pregnant women’s satisfaction with nurse midwife-led prenatal appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 196 pregnant women. The Portuguese version of the General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale (Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem) was administered to the sample. The tool consists of the following dimensions: interpersonal relationship and communication, confidence, credibility, and dedication. Results: Pregnant women are, on average, more satisfied in the interpersonal relationship and communication dimension and less satisfied in the dedication dimension. Conclusion: Pregnant women are satisfied with nursing care and acknowledge its importance. This finding reinforces the importance of nurse midwife-led consultations.

Resumo Enquadramento: Em tempo de pandemia, as consultas de enfermagem de vigilância da gravidez sofreram alterações, nomeadamente na restrição de acompanhantes. Por esse motivo, é importante a avaliação da satisfação das grávidas com a assistência de enfermagem durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação da grávida com a assistência das enfermeiras obstétricas nas consultas de vigilância da gravidez durante o contexto de pandemia COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 196 grávidas. Aplicado a Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), constituída pelas dimensões: relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação, confiança, credibilidade e dedicação. Resultados: As grávidas apresentam-se em média mais satisfeitas na dimensão relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação e menos satisfeitas na dimensão dedicação. Conclusão: As grávidas apresentam-se satisfeitas com a assistência de enfermagem percecionando a sua importância. Tal reforça a pertinência das consultas serem realizadas por um Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica.

Resumen Marco contextual: En tiempos de pandemia, las citas de enfermería para el seguimiento del embarazo cambiaron, sobre todo la restricción de acompañantes. Por esta razón, es importante evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con los cuidados de enfermería durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con la atención prestada por las enfermeras obstétricas en las consultas de seguimiento del embarazo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal de carácter cuantitativo, con una muestra de 196 mujeres embarazadas. Se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción de los Pacientes con Asistencia de Enfermería (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), compuesta por las siguientes dimensiones: relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, confianza, credibilidad y dedicación. Resultados: Las mujeres embarazadas están, de media, más satisfechas en la dimensión relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, y menos satisfechas en la dimensión dedicación. Conclusión: Las embarazadas se mostraron satisfechas con los cuidados de enfermería y se dieron cuenta de su importancia. Esto refuerza la pertinencia de que las consultas sean realizadas por una enfermera especializada en Enfermería de Salud Materna y Obstétrica.

Abstract Introduction: Positive mental health involves a mix of personal and psychosocial resources, as well as attitudes, affections, and positive behaviors that allow the person to face the challenges that arise in life, at a personal, family, social, and school level. Objective: Determine the association between personal factors and positive mental health in high school students during COVID-19. Methodology: Descriptive correlational study. Intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The sample consisted of 210 students of both sexes, ages 15 to 19, enrolled in cycle 2022-1 of the morning shift. Adolescents with visual conditions were excluded. A personal factors study and Positive Mental Health Scale were applied, with prior assent and informed consent. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential Results: The students were 64.8% female, 76.1% were under 17 years of age, 53.3% were in the sixth semester, 42% presented COVID-19 and 45% reported losses due to COVID-19. Global positive mental health was low in 50.5% of students. There was a significant positive statistical association in overall positive mental health with sex p=0.01, and a negative one with suffering from a mental illness p=0.01 and having family members who suffered from a mental illness p=0.05. Conclusion: Mental health of young people was not very positive. It needs to be studied to generate nursing interventions for promotion and prevention of school health to result in effective stress management of young people who are in high school when considering the family, society, and the educational field.

Abstrato Introdução: A saúde mental positiva envolve um conjunto de recursos pessoais e psicossociais, atitudes, afetos e comportamentos positivos que permitem à pessoa enfrentar os desafios que surgem na vida, a nível pessoal, familiar, social e escolar. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre fatores pessoais e saúde mental positiva em estudantes do ensino médio em tempos de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, preditivo e correlacional. Amostragem não probabilística intencional, amostra 210 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, matriculados no ciclo 2022-1 do turno da manhã. Foram excluídos os adolescentes com problemas visuais. Foram aplicados inquérito de fatores pessoais e Escala de Saúde Mental Positiva, com prévio assentimento e consentimento informado. A análise estatística foi descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Os alunos eram 64,8% do sexo feminino, 76,1% tinham menos de 17 anos, 53,3% estavam no sexto semestre, 42% apresentaram COVID-19 e 45% relataram perdas por COVID-19. A saúde mental positiva global foi baixa em 50,5% dos estudantes. Houve associação estatística positiva significativa na saúde mental geral positiva com sexo p=0,01, e negativa com sofrer de doença mental p=0,01 e ter familiares que sofriam de doença mental p=0,05. Conclusão: A saúde mental positiva dos jovens foi baixa, necessita ser estudada para gerar intervenções de enfermagem na promoção e prevenção da saúde escolar para promover o enfrentamento eficaz do manejo do estresse dos jovens que estão no ensino médio quando se considera a família, a sociedade e o campo educacional.

Resumen Introducción: La salud mental positiva involucra una mezcla de recursos personales y psicosociales, actitudes, afectos y comportamientos positivos que permiten a la persona enfrentar los retos que se le presentan en la vida, a nivel personal, familiar, social y escolar. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores personales y la salud mental positiva en estudiantes de bachillerato en tiempos de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Muestreo intencional no probabilístico, en una muestra de 210 estudiantes de ambos sexos, edades de 15 a 19 años, inscritos en ciclo 2022-1 del turno matutino. Se excluyeron adolescentes con afecciones visuales. Se aplicó encuesta de factores personales y Escala de Salud Mental Positiva, previo asentimiento y consentimiento informado. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Los estudiantes fueron 64.8 % del sexo femenino, 76.1 % eran menores de 17 años, 53.3 % cursaban sexto semestre, 42 % presentó COVID-19 y 45 % manifestó pérdidas por Covid-19. La salud mental positiva global fue baja en 50.5 % de los estudiantes. Hubo asociación estadística significativa positiva en salud mental positiva global con sexo p=0.01, y negativa con padecer alguna enfermedad mental p=0.01 y contar con familiares que padecían alguna enfermedad mental p=0.05. Conclusión: La salud mental positiva de los jóvenes fue baja, se requiere ser estudiada para generar intervenciones de enfermería en promoción y prevención de la salud escolar para favorecer un afrontamiento efectivo del manejo el estrés de los jóvenes que cursan bachillerato al considerar a la familia, la sociedad y al ámbito educativo.

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an important impact on the training of nursing professionals, affecting the mental health of students due to the experiences they have faced. Objective: Assess the level of academic stress in nursing students and its relationship to anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Correlational study with 1009 nursing students who agreed to participate. A virtual survey was applied, collecting sociodemographic and COVID-19 Pandemic experiences data, in addition to questionnaires on anxiety, depression, insomnia, and post-traumatic and academic stress, with prior authorization from the research and ethics committee. Statistical analysis such as Square Chi, Spearman's Rho and logistic regression model were used. Results: 68.1 % presented anxiety, 64.3 % depression, 56.3 % insomnia and 85.7 % academic stress. Academic stress showed statistical association with sex, school period, diagnosis in a family member and contact with a person suspected or confirmed of having COVID-19. Presenting academic stress is 3.9 times higher with moderate anxiety, 10.6 times higher with moderate depression, 12.7 times higher with moderate clinical insomnia, 1.8 times higher with a family member diagnosed with the disease, and 2.6 times higher with contact of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: Mental health problems were related to academic stress levels in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nursing professional must design educational and training strategies to reduce the levels of these problems, applicable from educational training to the workplace.

Abstrato Introdução: A Pandemia do COVID-19 teve um impacto significativo na formação dos profissionais de enfermagem, afetando a saúde mental dos estudantes devido às vivências por eles enfrentadas. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de estresse acadêmico em estudantes de enfermagem e sua relação com ansiedade, depressão, insônia, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e experiências durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional com 1009 graduandos de enfermagem que concordaram em participar. Foi aplicada uma pesquisa virtual, coletando dados sociodemográficos e experiências da Pandemia da COVID-19, além de questionários sobre ansiedade, depressão, insônia e estresse pós-traumático e acadêmico, com autorização prévia do comitê de ética e pesquisa. Foram utilizadas análises estatísticas como Qui-cuadrado, Rho de Spearman e modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: 68.1 % presented anxiety, 64.3 % depression, 56.3 % insomnia and 85.7 % academic stress. Academic stress showed statistical association with sex, school period, diagnosis in a family member and contact with a person suspected or confirmed of having COVID-19. Presenting academic stress is 3.9 times higher with moderate anxiety, 10.6 times higher with moderate depression, 12.7 times higher with moderate clinical insomnia, 1.8 times higher with a family member diagnosed with the disease, and 2.6 times higher with contact of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusões: Problemas de saúde mental foram relacionados aos níveis de estresse acadêmico em estudantes de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O profissional de enfermagem deve traçar estratégias educacionais e de treinamento para reduzir os níveis desses problemas, aplicáveis desde a formação educacional até o ambiente de trabalho.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado un impacto importante en la formación de profesionales de enfermería, afectando la salud mental en estudiantes debido a las experiencias enfrentadas. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería y su relación con la ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, estrés postraumático y experiencias durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio correlacional con 1009 estudiantes matriculados de licenciatura en enfermería que aceptaron participar. Se aplicó encuesta virtual, recolectando datos sociodemográficos y de experiencias durante la pandemia de COVID-19, además de los cuestionarios sobre ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, estrés postraumático y académico, con previa autorización del comité de investigación y ética. El análisis se realizó con Ji cuadrada, Rho de Spearman, y el modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: El 68.1 % presentaron ansiedad, el 64.3 % depresión, el 56.3 % insomnio y el 85.7 % estrés académico. El estrés académico mostró asociación estadística con sexo, periodo académico, diagnóstico en familiar y contacto con persona sospechosa/confirmada de COVID-19. Presentar estrés académico es 3.9 veces mayor con ansiedad moderada, 10.6 veces mayor con depresión moderada, 12.7 veces mayor con insomnio clínico moderado, 1.8 veces mayor con familiar diagnosticado con la enfermedad y 2.6 veces mayor con contacto de casos sospechosos/confirmados de COVID-19. Conclusión: Problemas de salud mental mostraron relación estadística con estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El profesional de enfermería debe diseñar estrategias educativas y de capacitación para disminuir los niveles de estos problemas, aplicables desde la formación hasta lo laboral.

Abstract The article aims to contribute to the mapping of disputes around the regulation of remote work in contemporary Brazil, in a context in which the social distance caused by the Covid-19 pandemic gave rise to the adoption of this type of work to gain greater importance. We seek to understand what labor claims emerged as a result of the adoption of remote work, the changes promoted within the scope of Labor Law due to social distancing measures during the pandemic and, in particular, how new arrangements were implemented in collective bargaining regarding work remote in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. What normativity results from the heteronomous and autonomous rules adopted in the exceptional pandemic period? The research findings and the problematization of the rules arising from provisional measures and collective bargaining on remote work highlight the limits and trends of the regulation that emerges in the context of a health calamity. Brazil Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 importance particular Paulo period calamity Covid1 1 Covid-

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para o mapeamento das disputas em torno da regulação do trabalho remoto no Brasil contemporâneo, num contexto em que o distanciamento social provocado pela pandemia de Covid-19 deu ensejo a que a adoção desse tipo de trabalho ganhasse maior vulto. Buscamos compreender que demandas laborais surgiram em decorrência da adoção do trabalho remoto, as mudanças promovidas no âmbito do Direito do Trabalho em virtude das medidas de distanciamento social durante a pandemia e, em especial, como novos arranjos foram implementados nas negociações coletivas a respeito do trabalho remoto nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. Que normatividade resulta das regras heterônomas e autônomas adotadas no período excepcional pandêmico? Os achados da pesquisa e a problematização das regras provenientes de medidas provisórias e de negociações coletivas sobre trabalho remoto evidenciam os limites e as tendências da normatização que emerge em contexto de calamidade sanitária. contemporâneo Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 vulto especial Paulo pandêmico sanitária Covid1 1 Covid-

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lung diseases are common in patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD), making differential diagnosis with COVID-19 a challenge. This study describes pulmonary chest tomography (CT) findings in hospitalized ESKD patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) with clinical suspicion of COVID-19. Methods: ESKD individuals referred to emergency department older than 18 years with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were recruited. Epidemiological baseline clinical information was extracted from electronic health records. Pulmonary CT was classified as typical, indeterminate, atypical or negative. We then compared the CT findings of positive and negative COVID-19 patients. Results: We recruited 109 patients (62.3% COVID-19-positive) between March and December 2020, mean age 60 ± 12.5 years, 43% female. The most common etiology of ESKD was diabetes. Median time on dialysis was 36 months, interquartile range = 12–84. The most common pulmonary lesion on CT was ground glass opacities. Typical CT pattern was more common in COVID-19 patients (40 (61%) vs 0 (0%) in non-COVID-19 patients, p < 0.001). Sensitivity was 60.61% (40/66) and specificity was 100% (40/40). Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 62.3%, respectively. Atypical CT pattern was more frequent in COVID-19-negative patients (9 (14%) vs 24 (56%) in COVID-19-positive, p < 0.001), while the indeterminate pattern was similar in both groups (13 (20%) vs 6 (14%), p = 0.606), and negative pattern was more common in COVID-19-negative patients (4 (6%) vs 12 (28%), p = 0.002). Conclusions: In hospitalized ESKD patients on RRT, atypical chest CT pattern cannot adequately rule out the diagnosis of COVID-19. Introduction ESKD, , (ESKD) COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 challenge (CT RRT (RRT COVID19. 19. Methods 1 records typical Results 10 62.3% 623 62 3 (62.3 COVID19positive COVIDpositive COVID-19-positive 2020 125 5 12. 43 female diabetes months 1284 84 12–84 opacities 40 61% 61 (61% 0% (0% nonCOVID19 nonCOVID non non-COVID-1 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) 6061 60.61 40/66 4066 66 (40/66 100 40/40. 4040 40/40 (40/40) respectively COVID19negative COVIDnegative 9 ( 14% 14 (14% 2 56% 56 (56% COVID19positive, positive, 0.001, 13 (1 20% 20 (20% 14%, 0.606, 0606 0.606 606 0.606) 4 6% (6% 28%, 28 28% (28%) 0.002. 0002 0.002 002 0.002) Conclusions (ESKD COVID1 COVID- 62.3 (62. 202 128 8 12–8 (61 (0 nonCOVID1 non-COVID- 000 0.00 00 60.6 40/6 406 (40/6 404 40/4 (40/40 (14 (56 (20 060 0.60 (6 (28% 62. (62 12– non-COVID 0.0 60. 40/ (40/ (40/4 (5 (2 06 0.6 (28 0.

RESUMO Introdução: Doenças pulmonares são comuns em pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal (DRET), dificultando o diagnóstico diferencial com COVID-19. Este estudo descreve achados de tomografia computadorizada de tórax (TC) em pacientes com DRET em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) hospitalizados com suspeita de COVID-19. Métodos: Indivíduos maiores de 18 anos com DRET, encaminhados ao pronto-socorro com suspeita de COVID-19 foram incluídos. Dados clínicos e epidemiológicos foram extraídos de registros eletrônicos de saúde. A TC foi classificada como típica, indeterminada, atípica, negativa. Comparamos achados tomográficos de pacientes com COVID-19 positivos e negativos. Resultados: Recrutamos 109 pacientes (62,3% COVID-19-positivos) entre março e dezembro de 2020, idade média de 60 ± 12,5 anos, 43% mulheres. A etiologia mais comum da DRET foi diabetes. Tempo médio em diálise foi 36 meses, intervalo interquartil = 12–84. A lesão pulmonar mais comum foi opacidades em vidro fosco. O padrão típico de TC foi mais comum em pacientes com COVID-19 (40 (61%) vs. 0 (0%) em pacientes sem COVID-19, p < 0,001). Sensibilidade 60,61% (40/66), especificidade 100% (40/40). Valores preditivos positivos e negativos foram 100% e 62,3%, respectivamente. Padrão atípico de TC foi mais frequente em pacientes COVID-19-negativos (9 (14%) vs. 24 (56%) em COVID-19-positivos, p < 0,001), enquanto padrão indeterminado foi semelhante em ambos os grupos (13 (20%) vs. 6 (14%), p = 0,606), e padrão negativo foi mais comum em pacientes COVID-19-negativos (4 (6%) vs. 12 (28%), p = 0,002). Conclusões: Em pacientes com DRET em TRS hospitalizados, um padrão atípico de TC de tórax não pode excluir adequadamente o diagnóstico de COVID-19. Introdução , (DRET) COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 (TC (TRS Métodos 1 prontosocorro pronto socorro COVID-1 incluídos saúde típica indeterminada atípica negativa Resultados 10 62,3% 623 62 3 (62,3 COVID19positivos COVIDpositivos COVID-19-positivos 2020 125 5 12, 43 mulheres diabetes meses 1284 84 12–84 fosco 40 61% 61 (61% vs 0% (0% COVID19, 19, 0,001. 0001 0,001 . 001 0,001) 6061 60,61 40/66, 4066 40/66 66 (40/66) 100 40/40. 4040 40/40 (40/40) respectivamente COVID19negativos COVIDnegativos 9 ( 14% 14 (14% 2 56% 56 (56% COVID19positivos, positivos, 0,001, 13 (1 20% 20 (20% 14%, 0,606, 0606 0,606 606 0,606) 4 6% (6% 28%, 28 28% (28%) 0,002. 0002 0,002 002 0,002) Conclusões (DRET COVID1 COVID- 62,3 (62, 202 128 8 12–8 (61 (0 000 0,00 00 60,6 406 40/6 (40/66 404 40/4 (40/40 (14 (56 (20 060 0,60 (6 (28% 62, (62 12– 0,0 60, 40/ (40/6 (40/4 (5 (2 06 0,6 (28 0, (40/

Abstract: Mexico is a key player in the automotive industry, but during the pandemic, auto manufacturing was hit by health measures suspending its activity because it was not a priority sector. The central research aim is to determine the financial losses caused by the suspension of car and light truck manufacturing due to the economic crisis triggered by COVID-19. The methodology used is based on a multiple econometric regression with a binary qualitative variable of ones and zeros to capture the effect of COVID-19 on vehicle production, with preliminary results showing eight-figures losses.

Resumen: México desempeña un papel importante a nivel mundial en cuanto a la fabricación de automóviles, y no fue sino a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19 que la industria automotriz se vio sacudida por las medidas sanitarias, al suspender su actividad productiva por no ser un sector prioritario. La pregunta central de esta investigación gira en torno a cuánto vale la pérdida en términos monetarios la suspensión de la fabricación de vehículos y camiones ligeros por la crisis económica causada por la COVID-19. La metodología empleada se basa en el uso de una regresión econométrica múltiple con una variable cualitativa binaria de unos y ceros para capturar el efecto de la COVID-19 en la producción de vehículos, donde los resultados preliminares arrojan pérdidas millonarias de ocho cifras.

Abstract Due to the arrival of COVID-19 in Mexico, a majority of the population was affected in terms of their labor participation. This article aims to measure the levels of educational mismatch -overeducation and undereducation- in Mexico before and after the closure of activities decreed during the pandemic. The research examines changes in educational adjustment from the first quarter of 2020 to the third quarter of the same year and the first quarter of the following year, and it investigates whether there were modifications in sociodemographic profiles, changes in the conditions of those experiencing educational mismatch, and if these dynamics were a result of the crisis. The analysis uses the National Occupation and Employment Survey and employs multinomial models to assess the probability of being in some form of educational mismatch, with a grouped base for five survey editions to establish changes over time. The results show an increase of approximately 0.5% in overeducation in the total occupied population, considering sociodemographic and labor insertion characteristics. Similarly, there are differences between informal and formal employment in terms of how these changes occur, with the former showing increases first, followed by the latter.

Resumen En México, la llegada de la covid-19 afectó la participación laboral de la mayoría de la población. A propósito de ese fenómeno, con este artículo se busca medir los niveles de desajuste educativo -por sobreducación y subeducación- antes y después del cierre de actividades decretado ante la pandemia. Se revisan los cambios en el ajuste educativo entre el primer trimestre de 2020 y el tercero del mismo año, sumando además el primer trimestre de 2021. La atención se centra en si se modificaron los perfiles sociodemográficos y si esto implicó cambios en las condiciones de los desajustados, o si bien estos fueron producto de la crisis. Para el análisis se utilizan la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo y modelos multinomiales sobre la probabilidad de insertarse en algún tipo de inadecuación educativa con una base agrupada para cinco ediciones de la encuesta a fin de establecer los cambios en el tiempo. Los resultados muestran que se registra un aumento de alrededor de 0,5 % de sobreducación en la población ocupada total, si se consideran las características sociodemográficas y de inserción laboral. Del mismo modo, se reflejan diferencias entre los empleos informales y los formales en términos de cómo ocurren estos cambios, pues los primeros se inician con incrementos, mientras en los segundos esto se da en el mediano plazo.

Abstract As a result of COVID-19, new dynamics emerged in many urban systems, including the acquisition and distribution of food. The pandemic revealed vulnerabilities in the functioning of facilities and intensified problems such as informality, insecurity, and immigration. In order to contribute to the identification and characterization of these dynamics within food markets, a case study methodology was adopted for this article using mixed techniques - a quantitative approach using a survey and a qualitative approach featuring a focus group. Both methods were applied in the San Roque market in the Metropolitan District of Quito, an iconic food market and distribution facility. The results highlight new commercial dynamics and preferences, as in recent years informal trade and the presence of supermarket chains have proliferated; new logistic means have been created; and wholesale trade has intensified. In addition, the pandemic accentuated the vulnerability of the market at the administrative level and the precariousness of some informal jobs, in turn, accelerated changes among traders. It is concluded that these dynamics merit new conceptual, organizational, and spatial approaches in architectural and urban terms, as well as different policies that favor the sustainable management of markets.

Resumen A raíz de la covid-19 se dieron nuevas dinámicas en muchos sistemas urbanos entre las que destaca la de adquisición y distribución de alimentos. La pandemia mostró la vulnerabilidad en el funcionamiento de equipamientos e intensificó problemáticas como la informalidad, la inseguridad y la inmigración. Con el objetivo de aportar a la identificación y caracterización de estas dinámicas dentro de los mercados de alimentos, para el presente artículo se adoptó una metodología de caso de estudio con técnicas mixtas: cuantitativas por medio de una encuesta y cualitativas a partir de un grupo focal. Ambas técnicas se aplicaron en el mercado San Roque en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, equipamiento icónico en cuanto a la comercialización y distribución de alimentos. En los resultados sobresalen las nuevas dinámicas y preferencias comerciales, ya que en los últimos años han proliferado el comercio informal y la presencia de cadenas de supermercados, se han creado nuevos medios logísticos y se ha intensificado el comercio mayorista. Además, la pandemia acentuó la vulnerabilidad del mercado a nivel administrativo y la precarización de algunos trabajos informales, a su vez, aceleró un cambio entre el grupo de comerciantes. Se concluye que estas dinámicas ameritan nuevas aproximaciones conceptuales, organizativas y espaciales a escala arquitectónica y urbana, y también distintas políticas que favorezcan la gestión sostenible de los mercados.

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic turned out to be a substantial event in the changes and adaptations made to this system within educational institutions. In this sense, the present study addresses the school culture in public educational institutions during this unusual context and aims to analyze said culture based on the perceptions of management and teaching staff during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection was carried out through the application of semi-structured interviews with five directors and nine teachers from five schools located in four different regions of Peru. From the analysis, it is concluded that, in public educational institutions, there were changes in the organization and development of the rituals of their identity. Likewise, myths and metaphors related to distance education were evident that show certain strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement that the Covid-19 pandemic left in the educational context.

RESUMEN La pandemia del Covid-19 resultó ser un hecho sustancial en los cambios y las adaptaciones ejercidas en este sistema dentro de las instituciones educativas. En ese sentido, el presente estudio aborda la cultura escolar en las instituciones educativas públicas durante ese contexto inusual y tiene por objetivo analizar dicha cultura a partir de las percepciones del personal directivo y docente durante la pandemia del Covid-19. La recogida de información se realizó a través de la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco directores y nueve docentes de cinco escuelas ubicadas en cuatro regiones distintas del Perú. A partir del análisis, se concluye que, en las instituciones educativas públicas, hubo cambios en la organización y el desarrollo de los rituales propios de su identidad. Asimismo, se evidenciaron mitos y metáforas relacionados con la educación a distancia que evidencian ciertas fortalezas, debilidades y oportunidades de mejora que dejó la pandemia del Covid-19 en el contexto educativo.

Resumo Ainda que nas últimas décadas tenham passado por intensas transformações, os mercados municipais de Madrid permanecem tendo papel significativo no abastecimento de alimentos frescos e são considerados espaços em que, através da proximidade e da confiança, podem ser adquiridos produtos de qualidade. A partir de observação participante e de entrevistas junto a comerciantes, realizadas durante os últimos meses de 2022 nos mercados municipais do distrito central da cidade de Madrid, este artigo discute mudanças no consumo alimentar ocorridas durante e após a pandemia de Covid-19. A análise se detém, especialmente, em aspectos associados a percepção de risco, qualidade e saúde relacionados com a alimentação. Os resultados obtidos fornecem pistas para a reflexão sobre tendências e processos pertinentes ao consumo alimentar na contemporaneidade. transformações confiança comerciantes 202 Covid19. Covid19 Covid 19. 19 Covid-19 detém especialmente risco alimentação contemporaneidade 20 Covid1 1 Covid-1 2 Covid-

Abstract Despite experiencing significant transformations in recent decades, the municipal markets of Madrid continue to play a crucial role in the supply of fresh food. These markets are regarded as spaces where consumers can acquire high-quality products through proximity and trust. This article presents findings derived from participant observation and interviews with merchants conducted in the central district of Madrid throughout the final months of 2022. The study examines shifts in food consumption patterns during and following the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on the perception of risks, quality, and health associated with food. The obtained results offer valuable insights into trends and processes pertinent to contemporary food consumption. decades highquality high quality trust 2022 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic risks 202 COVID1 1 COVID- 20 2

Abstract The text addresses the analysis of the global pandemic in December 2021, caused by the Sars-Cov 2 virus, resulting in millions of deaths and transforming social, institutional, and familial life. Following the stabilization of Covid-19 in various regions, there is an emphasis on reflecting on the two years of almost complete confinement, acknowledging that this crisis is a superimposition of health, social, political, economic, educational, and environmental crises. The importance of examining the implications for the pedagogical sphere and professional training in the “new normal” is highlighted. A historical analysis of the pandemic is proposed from psychological, social, cultural, educational, and environmental perspectives. Advocacy for learning from the experience, reviewing virtual pedagogical actions, and building more promising futures by integrating educational and environmental aspects. Finally, it is suggested to use analytical perspectives from authors such as Isabelle Stengers, Donna Haraway, and Ailton Krenak to understand and address the challenges posed.

Resumen El texto aborda el análisis de la pandemia global de diciembre de 2021, causada por el virus Sars-Cov 2, que resultó en millones de muertes y transformó la vida social, institucional y familiar. Tras la estabilización del Covid en varias regiones, se destaca la necesidad de reflexionar sobre los dos años de casi total confinamiento, reconociendo que esta crisis es una superposición de crisis en salud, social, política, económica, educativa y ambiental. Se plantea la importancia de examinar las implicaciones para el ámbito pedagógico y la formación profesional en la “nueva normalidad”. Se propone un análisis histórico de la pandemia desde perspectivas psicológicas, sociales, culturales, educativas y ambientales. Se aboga por aprender de la experiencia, revisar las acciones pedagógicas virtuales y construir futuros más prometedores, integrando lo educativo y ambiental. Finalmente, se sugiere utilizar perspectivas analíticas de autores como Isabelle Stengers, Donna Haraway y Ailton Krenak para comprender y abordar los desafíos planteados.

Resumen Las desigualdades estructurales sociales y de distinto tipo, intrínsecas al capitalismo, se profundizaron con la pandemia de Covid-19 hasta límites insostenibles para los sectores subalternos, entre los cuales se ubican los conjuntos de migrantes en situación administrativa irregular de los distintos países. A través de un enfoque antropológico transnacional, auxiliado por la etnografía virtual, se aborda el impacto sociosanitario que tuvo la crisis pandémica para estos grupos en Barcelona, São Paulo y Buenos Aires durante 2022-2023, así como sus respuestas grupales-comunitarias para contener y sobrellevar sus necesidades inmediatas y urgentes, más allá de las políticas públicas implementadas en cada país/región/ciudad, con desigual cobertura y eficacia. La realidad abordada, entonces, conjuga esas carencias estructurales que no fueron resueltas como consecuencia de la crisis desatada a partir de la pandemia, con nuevas problemáticas sociosanitarias derivadas de las necesidades de supervivencia de los migrantes en cada contexto, destacándose el protagonismo de las mujeres. tipo capitalismo Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 subalternos países transnacional virtual Barcelona 20222023, 20222023 2022 2023, 2023 2022-2023 grupalescomunitarias grupales comunitarias urgentes paísregiónciudad país región ciudad país/región/ciudad eficacia abordada entonces contexto mujeres Covid1 1 Covid- 2022202 202 2022-202 202220 20 2022-20 20222 2 2022-2 2022-

Abstract Social and other structural inequalities, intrinsic to capitalism, deepened with the Covid-19 pandemic up to unsustainable limits for the subaltern sectors, among which are located the groups of migrants in irregular administrative situations from the different countries. Through an anthropological transnational approach, aided by virtual ethnography, is addressed the socio-sanitary impact that the pandemic crisis had for these groups in Barcelona, São Paulo y Buenos Aires for the period 2022-2023, as well as their group-community responses to contain and cope with their immediate and urgent needs, beyond the public policies implemented in each country/region/city, with unequal coverage and effectiveness. The reality addressed, then, combines those structural deficiencies that were not resolved as a result of the crisis unleashed by the pandemic, with new social and health problems arising from the survival needs of migrants in each context, highlighting the leading role played by women. inequalities capitalism Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 sectors countries approach ethnography sociosanitary socio sanitary Barcelona 20222023, 20222023 2022 2023, 2023 2022-2023 groupcommunity group community countryregioncity country region city country/region/city effectiveness then context women Covid1 1 Covid- 2022202 202 2022-202 202220 20 2022-20 20222 2 2022-2 2022-

Abstract Objectives: Identify potential barriers, delays, and missed opportunities in the prevention and diagnosis of childhood TB. Methods: Scoping review according to the PRISMA extension. The definitions considered for the selection followed the acronym PCC where the population (P) is children under 18years of age with TB disease, the concept (C) refers to missed opportunities for prevention and diagnosis, and context (C) is defined as a diagnosis of TB disease. The authors searched systematically in the databases; VHL/Lilacs, Medline via PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, without date or language limitation. Results: Seven studies were included. In developed countries, with low disease burden, the main shortcoming is the delay in diagnosing bacilliferous adults in contact with young children. This problem is concentrated in the portion of the population with socioeconomic vulnerability. In underdeveloped countries, with a high burden of disease, the biggest challenge is tracking children who come into contact with bacilliferous patients. Conclusions: There are still many missed opportunities in the prevention and diagnosis of childhood TB. The positive legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic should be taken advantage of and the encouragement of scientific development in the management of infectious diseases should be taken. Objectives barriers delays Methods extension P (P years C (C databases VHLLilacs VHL Lilacs VHL/Lilacs PubMed Cochrane Scopus Science limitation Results included countries vulnerability patients Conclusions COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 COVID1 1 COVID-