ABSTRACT To contribute to knowledge development on global South sustainable entrepreneurship, this work describes how these entrepreneurs seek to sensitize and educate the local community about sustainable living through their business model. Three sustainable companies from the gastronomic sector in northwestern Mexico were studied, focusing attention on the experiences of entrepreneurs and their interactions in the social space. ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis tool was used to encode the text of the in-depth interviews. The results indicate that there are various ways that these entrepreneurs use to sensitize and educate the local community; for example, they raise awareness among their workers and clients about recycling, environmental care, adaptation to local conditions, the importance of changing habits of consumption, and especially of the diverse ways in which the ecosystem can be respected. For these entrepreneurs, sustainable development is a way of life that they share with their community through diverse actions of social interaction.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de conocimiento sobre emprendimiento sustentable de la región del sur global, describiendo las diversas formas en las que los emprendedores interactúan en el espacio social. Se estudiaron tres empresas sustentables del sector gastronómico del noroeste de México, centrando la atención en las diversas acciones de interacción social en la que estos emprendedores sensibilizan y educan a la comunidad local sobre vida sustentable a través de su modelo de negocio. Se utilizó la herramienta para análisis cualitativo ATLAS.ti para codificar el texto de las entrevistas. Los resultados indican que estos emprendedores concientizan a sus colaboradores y clientes sobre reciclaje, cuidado del medio ambiente, adaptación a las condiciones locales y modificar hábitos de consumo. Para estos emprendedores el desarrollo sustentable es un estilo de vida que comparten con su comunidad mediante diversas acciones de interacción social.

Abstract The concept of Quiet Quitting (QQ) has recently gained prominence in social discussions. It is characterized by workers refusing to perform tasks beyond their contractual obligations. In the field of business management, some evidence has emerged linking QQ to two related phenomena: Quiet Firing (QF), where superiors restrict subordinates' career development opportunities, and Quiet Hiring (QH), a method for identifying employees who exceed their stated objectives. This study aim was to develop assessment instruments, drawing upon the limited existing literature, to facilitate the evaluation of QQ, QF, and QH constructs. This cross-sectional study includes a non-probabilistic sample of 118 professionally active Portuguese adults (M age = 38.9, SD = 11.5, 61.7% women) and was conducted online. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed for all scales. The QQ scale comprises 13 items, the QH scale comprises 10 items, and EFA revealed a single factor for both, with reliability values within the recommended range (w QQ = .53; w QH = .50). The QF is composed of 13 items and 3 factors (Insatisfaction/Dropout, Professional Isolation, and Impediment to Professional Development). The proposed models should be tested in future studies to confirm their psychometric properties across different samples. The phenomena under examination may have impact on the well-being and work performance of employees.

Resumo O conceito de Quiet Quitting (QQ) ganhou recentemente destaque em fóruns sociais, sendo marcado pela rejeição dos trabalhadores em realizar tarefas, para além das contratualizadas. No campo da gestão empresarial tem surgido alguma evidência que liga o QQ a dois outros fenómenos: Quiet Firing (QF) - i.e., os superiores não permitem aos seus subordinados terem oportunidades de evoluírem na sua carreira e Quiet Hiring (QH) - i.e., método de identificação de colaboradores que estão a ir além dos objetivos estipulados. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver instrumentos, a partir da escassa literatura existente, que facilitem a avaliação dos constructos de QQ, QF e QH. Este estudo transversal inclui uma amostra não probabilística de 118 adultos portugueses profissionalmente activos (M idade= 38,9; DP = 11,5; 61,7% mulheres) e foi conduzido online. Foi realizada uma Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) para todas as escalas. A escala QQ é composta por 13 itens; a escala de QH é composta por 10 itens; a AFE mostrou 1 fator em ambas, sendo a fiabilidade dentro dos valores recomendados (w QQ = 0,53; w QH = 0,50). O QF é composto por 13 itens e 3 fatores (Insatisfação/Abandono, Isolamento Profissional e Impedimento do Desenvolvimento Profissional). Os modelos propostos deverão ser testados em estudos futuros para confirmar as propriedades psicométricas, em amostras diferentes. Os fenómenos em análise poderão influenciar o bem-estar dos trabalhadores e a sua performance laboral.

Resumo Introdução O trabalho em equipe está se transformando no principal meio de organizar o trabalho nas organizações. Neste sentido, o Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª. Região adotou o trabalho em equipe como uma das diretrizes do modelo de unificação de suas secretarias. Mais do que utilizar equipes em seus processos, o trabalho em equipe envolve a prática colaborativa. Objetivos O presente artigo descreve como os servidores públicos percebem o trabalho em equipe e a prática do trabalho colaborativo no Programa e-Vara implementado na Subseção Judiciária de Santos.; Métodos Os procedimentos metodológicos foram realizados em três etapas no estudo de caso. A primeira consistiu na revisão de literatura narrativa acerca de definições relativas ao conceito de equipes de trabalho e prática colaborativa. Na segunda etapa foram coletados os dados primários produzidos em entrevistas semiestruturadas por meio de gravação usando celular e microfone de lapela. A terceira etapa consistiu na análise de conteúdo dos dados via software NVivo. Resultados. Os resultados demonstram que os colaboradores estão comprometidos com o trabalho em equipe, mas essa percepção não se estende à prática colaborativa de maneira uniforme entre todos. Conclusões A implementação de programas de reconhecimento, atividades sociais de integração e ampliação do diálogo para a criação de um ambiente colaborativo é recomendável, tanto na fase final de seleção, conhecida por socialização, como após o funcionamento da unificação de secretarias/ofícios.

Abstract Teamwork is becoming the main means of organizing work in organizations. In this sense, the Federal Regional Court of the 3rd. Region adopted teamwork as one of the guidelines of the unification model of its secretariats. More than using teams in their processes, teamwork involves collaborative practice. Goals This article describes how public servants perceive teamwork and the practice of collaborative work in the e-Vara Program implemented in the Judiciary Subsection of Santos. Methods The methodological procedures were carried out in three stages in the case study. The first consisted of reviewing the narrative literature about definitions related to the concept of work teams and collaborative practice. In the second stage, the primary data produced in semi-structured interviews were collected through recording using a cell phone and lapel microphone. The third step consisted of data content analysis via NVivo software. Conclusions. The implementation of recognition programs, social integration activities and expansion of dialogue to create a collaborative environment are recommendable, both in the final selection phase, known as socialization, and after the operation of the unification of secretariats/trades.

ABSTRACT Since prehistoric times, indigenous communities have relied on fish as a staple source of protein for their subsistence. In most cases, fish is the sole source of income and of animal protein for the communities. Nevertheless, the documentation of fish from an ethnological perspective is rare, and biological research alone might not provide sufficient information required to manage fisheries resources. We discuss the traditional ichthyological knowledge of the Piapoco, Piaroa, Puinave, and Sikuani ethnic groups inhabiting the Matavén Forest (Vichada, Colombia). Each group has its perception regarding knowledge, at times detailed, of fish groups, their distribution, and uses. To obtain information regarding traditional ichthyological knowledge, fish were collected over one month at 31 sampling sites in different habitats along the lower Matavén River basin. The fish were identified by formal taxonomy and the informal classification by experienced fishermen of the four ethnic groups. There was consistency among the names given by the ethnic groups and formal taxonomy. The indigenous collaborators used binomial classification systems in which the organisms are grouped at family and genus levels and, to some extent, categorization depends on distribution within the aquatic habitats (i.e., rivers, streams and lagoons). The indigenous collaborators did not provide sociocultural or mythological information related to the fishes. Our findings contribute to the development of conservation and rural development projects in the Colombian Amazon.

RESUMEN Desde la prehistoria, las comunidades indígenas han dependido del pescado como fuente primaria de proteína para su subsistencia. En la mayoría de los casos, el pescado es la única fuente de ingresos y proteína animal para la comunidad. Sin embargo, el estudio de los peces desde una perspectiva etnológica no es común y la investigación científica por sí sola puede no proporcionar información suficiente para gestionar los recursos pesqueros. Se discute aquí el conocimiento ictiológico tradicional de las etnias Piapoco, Piaroa, Puinave y Sikuani que habitan la Selva de Matavén (Vichada, Colombia). Cada etnia tiene una percepción propia, a veces detallada, de los grupos de peces, su distribución y usos. Para obtener información sobre el conocimiento ictiológico tradicional, se colectaron peces durante un mes en 31 sitios de muestreo en diferentes hábitats en la cuenca baja del Río Matavén. Los peces fueron identificados usando taxonomía formal y clasificación informal por pescadores expertos de las cuatro etnias. Hubo coherencia entre los nombres dados por los grupos étnicos y el sistema de taxonomía formal. Los colaboradores indígenas usaron sistemas de clasificación binomial en los que los organismos se agrupan a nivel de familia y género y la categorización depende, hasta cierto punto, de la distribución dentro de los hábitats acuáticos (ríos, arroyos y lagunas). Los colaboradores indígenas no proporcionaron información sociocultural o mitológica relacionada con los peces. Nuestros hallazgos contribuyen al desarrollo de proyectos de conservación y desarrollo rural en la Amazonía colombiana.

ABSTRACT The objective is to determine the relationship between feedback and job performance in employees of a construction company. A quantitative, transversal and correlational approach was used. It had a sample of 38 workers, to whom a convenience survey was applied in 2023. 2 variables and 6 dimensions were considered (Feedback [clarity of feedback, frequency of feedback and usefulness of feedback] and Job performance [compliance with objectives, quality of work and team collaboration] in the instrument. The data were processed with SPSS v25. The results reveal that 63.2% of the participants consider that Feedback is experienced at a high level, highlighting the dimension of clarity in the feedback. Similarly, 57.9% indicate that work performance is at an adequate level, highlighting the dimension of team collaboration. It is concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables studied, with a p-value = 0.000. Furthermore, at an inferential level, a moderate and positive correlation was observed between feedback and job performance, since a Rho coefficient = 0.694 was found between both variables.

RESUMEN El objetivo es determinar la relación entre el feedback y el desempeño laboral en colaboradores de una empresa constructora. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional. Contó con una muestra de 38 trabajadores, a los que se les aplicó una encuesta por conveniencia en el 2023. Se consideró 2 variables y 6 dimensiones (Feedback [claridad de retroalimentación, frecuencia de retroalimentación y utilidad de retroalimentación] y Desempeño laboral [cumplimiento de objetivos, calidad del trabajo y colaboración en equipo] en el instrumento. Los datos fueron procesaron con SPSS v25. Los resultados revelan que el 63.2% de los participantes considera que el Feedback se experimenta a un nivel elevado, destacando la dimensión de claridad en la retroalimentación. De manera similar, el 57.9% indica que el Desempeño laboral se sitúa en un nivel adecuado, resaltando la dimensión de colaboración en equipo. Se concluye que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables estudiadas, con un p-valor = 0.000. Además, a nivel inferencial, se observó una moderada y positiva correlación entre el feedback y el desempeño laboral, pues se halló un coeficiente Rho = 0.694 entre ambas variables.

The present work, which is a segment of an ongoing doctoral research, consists of a brief analysis of the work titled Exposition d’une méthode raisonnée pour apprendre la langue latine (Exposition of a reasoned method for learning the Latin language) (1722), authored by the French grammarian and philosopher César Chesneau Du Marsais (1676-1756). Du Marsais, who authored works such as Méthode raisonnée (1722), Traité des Tropes (1730), Principes de Grammaire (1769), among others, was also a contributor to the Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (D’ALEMBERT; DIDEROT, 1751-1772), responsible for the grammar articles within the publication. As a result, the philosopher became a highly regarded grammarian in France, also influencing the linguistic thought of grammarians in other countries. One of Du Marsais' major works, which constitutes the focus of the doctoral research, "méthode raisonnée," is a method for learning the Latin language within a secular context, thereby breaking away from Jesuit educational standards. The circulation of this method had positive repercussions due to its organization, structure, methodology, and its 'innovative' characteristic. However, it also faced negative repercussions due to its secular approach to education.

O presente trabalho, que é um recorte da pesquisa de doutorado ainda em fase inicial, consiste em uma breve análise da obra intitulada Exposition d’une méthode raisonnée pour apprendre la langue latine (Exposição de um método racional para aprender a língua latina) (1722), do gramático e filósofo francês César Chesneau Du Marsais (1676-1756). O filósofo que é o autor das obras Méthode raisonnée (1722), Traité des Tropes (1730), Principes de Grammaire (1769) etc., Du Marsais também foi um dos colaboradores da Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (D’ALEMBERT; DIDEROT,1751-1772), responsável pelos artigos de gramática que integram a obra. Em virtude disso, o filósofo tornou-se um gramático prestigiado na França, influindo também o pensamento linguístico de gramáticos de outros países. Uma das grandes obras de Du Marsais, que é corpus da pesquisa de doutorado, o méthode raisonnée, é um método de aprendizagem da língua latina em um contexto secular, ocasionando a descontinuidade com os padrões educacionais jesuíticos. A circulação do método repercutiu positivamente devido a sua organização, estrutura, metodologia e sua característica “inovadora”, mas também repercutiu de modo negativo em razão de um ensino secular.

ABSTRACT The aim was to analyze Primary Health Care (PHC) actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in municipalities in Minas Gerais. This is a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out through the application of an online questionnaire, in which 278 municipal health secretaries from the state of Minas Gerais and/or coordinators of PHC took part. The health structure proved to be capable of providing the development of management functions based on data and information throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the actions to face the population are the use of protocols, masks, use of physical barriers, penalty for crowding, and telephony resources to clarify doubts about COVID-19. As for the difficulties in controlling this disease by employees in the PHC, low professional remuneration, poor work organization, delay in test results, underreporting, lack of equipment and technological resources were mentioned. It is concluded that the numerous measures and tools adopted to control the COVID-19 pandemic were used by municipal authorities. However, despite technological resources, such as the e-SUS, providing epidemiological data on COVID-19, capable of assisting in the planning of health actions, these tools need to be improved.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar as ações da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em resposta à pandemia de Covid-19 em municípios de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, observacional e transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante a aplicação de um questionário on-line, no qual participaram 278 secretários municipais de saúde do estado de Minas Gerais e/ou coordenadores da APS. A estrutura em saúde se demonstrou capaz de proporcionar o desenvolvimento de funções gerenciais com base em dados e informações ao longo da pandemia. Entre as ações de enfrentamento na população, estão o uso de protocolos, de máscaras, utilização de barreiras físicas, penalidade por aglomeração e recursos de telefonia para o esclarecimento de dúvidas sobre a Covid-19. Quanto às dificuldades de controle dessa doença pelos colaboradores na APS, foram citadas baixa remuneração profissional, precária organização do trabalho, demora dos resultados nos exames, subnotificação, falta de equipamentos e recursos tecnológicos. Conclui-se que inúmeras medidas e ferramentas adotadas para o controle da pandemia foram utilizadas pelas autoridades municipais. No entanto, apesar de os recursos tecnológicos, como o e-SUS, disponibilizarem dados epidemiológicos sobre a Covid-19, capazes de auxiliar no planejamento de ações em saúde, essas ferramentas necessitam de aperfeiçoamentos.

Resumen Este artículo se enfoca en la experiencia de educación originaria del Centro de Estudios Superiores Indígenas Kgoyom (CESIK), preparatoria comunitaria que surge de la lucha totonaca por la autodeterminación en Huehuetla, Puebla. Se basa en una investigación más amplia que, a partir de mi colaboración de larga data en el proyecto educativo, utiliza una metodología de diseño propio con estrategias de autoetnografía y sistematización de la experiencia para dar cuenta de las experiencias personales y colectivas dentro del mismo. De ello, comparto un diálogo en tres momentos con las perspectivas de sus protagonistas principales: fundadores, colaboradores y estudiantes/egresados, con el objetivo de identificar los aportes teóricos y prácticos de la educación originaria del CESIK para la (re)valoración, (re)construcción, y (super) vivencia de la epistemología e identidad totonaca. La propuesta aporta de maneras significativas, genera conciencia identitaria frente a los procesos de dominación colonial, promueve el estudio y la sistematización de conocimientos propios totonacos, vincula a estudiantes con procesos comunitarios de transmisión cultural, y fomenta la apropiación vivencial de la identidad indígena. No obstante, estos esfuerzos pedagógicos y epistémicos no pueden desligarse de las necesidades y desafíos de la lucha social y política por la autonomía totonaca.

Abstract This article focuses on the original education experience of the Kgoyom Indigenous Higher Studies Center (CESIK), a community high school that emerged from the Totonac struggle for self-determination in Huehuetla, Puebla. It is based on a broader investigation that, based on my long-standing collaboration in the educational project, uses a methodology of my own design with strategies of autoethnography and systematization of the experience to account for the personal and collective experiences within it. From this, I share a dialogue in three moments with the perspectives of its main protagonists: founders, collaborators, and students/ graduates, with the aim of identifying the theoretical and practical contributions of the original education of CESIK for the (re) evaluation, (re) construction, and survival of Totonac epistemology and identity. The proposal contributes in significant ways, generates identity awareness against the processes of colonial domination, promotes the study and systematization of Totonac’s own knowledge, links students with community processes of cultural transmission, and encourages the experiential appropriation of indigenous identity. However, these pedagogical and epistemic efforts cannot be separated from the needs and challenges of the social and political struggle for Totonac autonomy.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to explain the bases of sustainable gastronomy and its relationship with slow food´s earth markets, taking as an example the case of the Toluca Alternative Green Market and the impact it has on the Valle de Toluca´s community in obtaining sustainable gastronomy. To obtain the results, a theoretical research with a qualitative approach was used, with a documentary and field environment experimental strategy. An instrument was applied to 16 members of the Earth Market, whom were selected taking into consideration that the main turn of their project complied with the gastronomic axis necessary for the project. Additionally, participant observation was conducted during a year. According to the results obtained, both inputs and collaborators, as well as customers represent fundamental parts of a sustainable gastronomy, each one of them with certain peculiarities, including the “zero waste generation”, short supply chains and marketing, among others. It is concluded that in order for a gastronomy to be sustainable inside an Earth Market, three elements must be related: inputs, collaborators, and consumers, each with its own characteristics.

Resumen El propósito de este artículo es explicar las bases de la gastronomía sustentable y su relación con los mercados de la tierra del movimiento Slow Food, tomando como ejemplo el caso del Mercado Verde Alternativo de Toluca y el impacto que este ejerce en la comunidad del Valle de Toluca en la obtención de una gastronomía sustentable. Para obtener los resultados, se efectuó una investigación teórica de enfoque cualitativo, con estrategia experimental de ambiente documental y de campo. Se aplicó un instrumento a 16 integrantes del mercado de la tierra, los cuales fueron seleccionados tomando en consideración que el giro de su proyecto cumpliera con el eje gastronómico, aunado a una observación participante durante un año. Como resultados se obtuvieron que los insumos, colaboradores y clientes son parte fundamental de una gastronomía sustentable, y que cada uno con ciertas peculiaridades, engloban el “cero generación de residuos”, cadenas cortas de suministro y comercialización, entre otros. Se concluye que para que una gastronomía sea sustentable en un mercado de la tierra se deben relacionar tres elementos: insumos, colaboradores y consumidores, cada uno con características propias.

ABSTRACT Globalization and world development have increased competition in the markets and challenges to companies, situations that arise in the Department of San Marcos, one of the country's most critical and important commercial points. In this context, the sustainability of family MSMEs is essential and complex, for which they lack specific instruments that make it easier for them to achieve it; for this reason, a study was carried out to design a strategic management model adapted to its characteristics and challenges. The investigation was of a mixed approach. The existing situation was diagnosed, different theoretical and applied contributions were evaluated, and a model was designed using theoretical and empirical methods, mainly the survey technique. The fundamental results were the disclosure of the deficiencies and threats they face and the creation of the projected model, whose implementation could help owners, managers, and collaborators to make correct and timely decisions in the operation of their businesses, maintaining the family character, which that will contribute to its stability and the economic and social development of the territory and the country. This article presents a synthesis of the work carried out.

RESUMEN La globalización y el desarrollo mundial han incrementado la competencia en los mercados y los retos a las empresas, situaciones que se presentan en el Departamento de San Marcos, uno de los puntos comerciales más álgidos e importantes del país. En ese contexto, la sostenibilidad de las MiPymes familiares es importante y compleja, para lo cual carecen de instrumentos específicos; realidad que motivó ejecutar un estudio con el objetivo de diseñar un modelo de gestión estratégica adaptado a sus características y desafíos. La investigación fue de enfoque mixto, se diagnosticó la situación existente, se evaluaron diferentes aportes teóricos y aplicados y se diseñó un modelo mediante la utilización de métodos teóricos y empíricos y principalmente la técnica de la encuesta. Los resultados fundamentales fueron: la revelación de sus deficiencias y amenazas que enfrentan y la creación del modelo proyectado, cuya implementación podría servir a propietarios, directivos y colaboradores para tomar decisiones acertadas y oportunas en la operación de sus negocios, manteniendo el carácter familiar, lo que contribuirá a su estabilidad y al desarrollo económico y social del territorio y del país. En el presente artículo se expone una síntesis del trabajo realizado.

Abstract With the return of democracy and the arrival of Alfonsín to the government, a new era began in Argentina. His administration implemented all the tools within its reach to put democratic mechanisms into practice. One of them was the popular consultation carried out within the framework of the negotiations to sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship with Chile, a country with which Argentina had been in dispute for more than 100 years over the Beagle Channel. This paper aims to recall that moment based on the memory of Alfonsín's direct collaborators, on the 40th anniversary of democracy in our country.

Resumen Con la vuelta de la democracia y la llegada de Alfonsín al gobierno comenzó un nuevo tiempo en la Argentina. Su administración implementó todas las herramientas que estuvieron al alcance para que se lleven a la práctica mecanismos democráticos. Una de ellas fue la consulta popular que se llevó a cabo en el marco de las negociaciones para firmar el Tratado de Paz y Amistad con Chile, país con el que estaba en litigio hacía más de 100 años por el Canal de Beagle. El presente trabajo se propone recordar ese momento a partir de la memoria de los colaboradores directos de Alfonsín, al cumplirse 40 años de democracia en nuestro país.

ABSTRACT Gamification represents a significant opportunity with great potential in terms of the evolution and improvement of processes and daily activities within the work environment, promoting aspects such as motivation and the development of human talent. It is essential that all business activities or efforts transformed into a game always remain within a thematic context, offer measurable, clear and concise indicators; and even accompanied by periodic reminders that show the constant progress. Added to all of the above, it also takes advantage of the social aspect, since interaction between collaborators occurs within an ethical environment and healthy competition that complements the implementation of said technique. By transforming a daily activity or task into a game or competition, it generates a feeling of winning in people which, in turn, forms part of the extrinsic motivation process, which is not always present in many work environments. The greater the integration of game elements into daily life or even highly demanding activities, the less monotony is and, therefore, productivity increases, thus generating great business benefits.

RESUMEN La Gamificación representa una significativa oportunidad con mucho potencial en cuanto a la evolución y mejoramiento de procesos y actividades cotidianas dentro del ambiente laboral, fomentando aspectos como la motivación y el desarrollo del talento humano. Es fundamental que todas las actividades o gestiones empresariales transformadas en juego, siempre permanezcan dentro de un contexto temático, ofrecer indicadores medibles, claros y concisos; e incluso acompañados de recordatorios periódicos que muestren el avance constante. Sumado a todo lo anterior, también toma como ventaja el aspecto social, puesto que se produce interacción entre colaboradores dentro de un ambiente ético y de sana competencia que complementa la implementación de dicha técnica. Al transformar una actividad o tarea cotidiana en un juego o competencia, éste genera una sensación de ganar en las personas lo que, a su vez, forma parte del proceso de motivación extrínseca, la cual no siempre resulta estar presente en muchos ambientes laborales. A mayor integración de elementos de juego a la cotidianeidad o incluso a las actividades de alta exigencia, menor es la monotonía y, por ente, aumenta la productividad, generando de esta manera grandes beneficios empresariales.

Resumen La Cooperación Sur-Sur y Triangular (CSSyT) ha adquirido, cada vez, mayor relevancia en el escenario de la cooperación internacional, facilitando la colaboración regional y global para abordar desafíos en los más diversos asuntos del quehacer internacional. En ese sentido, este artículo tiene un doble propósito. En primer lugar, describir y analizar la evolución, tendencias y resultados de la CSSyT en América Latina entre 2007 y 2021, con foco en salud y medioambiente. En segundo lugar, analizar su contribución en la transversalización de enfoques y agendas. Para el cumplimiento de los objetivos, se siguió una metodología cualitativa, basada en datos secundarios. Para ello se estudiaron documentos e informes sobre CSSyT en América Latina y se realizó un análisis utilizando los datos disponibles para este período, publicados por la Secretaría General Iberoamericana (SEGIB). Se analizó la evolución de la CSSyT en América Latina durante el período 2007 2021, destacando su adaptación a desafíos como la pandemia de COVID-19 y el cambio climático. Se identificaron ciclos de crecimiento y declive en la CSSyT durante el período, en una evolución dinámica, relacionada con factores económicos y políticos, además de la pandemia del COVID-19. En el cumplimiento de ese objetivo, este estudio también resalta la importancia de la CSSyT en América Latina, que contribuye al logro de los ODS, promueve un desarrollo más equitativo y sostenible en salud y medioambiente y no solo beneficia a los países receptores, sino que, también, enriquece a los países colaboradores, alejándose de enfoques verticales y promoviendo un enfoque integral para enfrentar los desafíos regionales y globales.

Abstract South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSCyT) has gained prominence in the international cooperation scenario, facilitating regional and global collaboration to address several challenges in the international arena. The article has a double purpose. First, it describes and analyzes the evolution, trends, and results of CSSyT in Latin America between 2007 and 2021, focusing on the health and the environment sectors. Secondly, it analyzes the contribution of CSSyT to the mainstreaming of approaches and agendas. To meet this objective, a qualitative methodology was applied, based on secondary sources. For this purpose, documents and reports on CSSyT in Latin America were studied, besides analyzing the data available for this period published by the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB). The evolution of CSSyT in Latin America was analyzed during the period 2007-2021, highlighting its adaptation to challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. Cycles of growth and decline were identified in the CSSyT during that time, in a dynamic evolution, related to economic and political factors, and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also highlights the importance of CSSyT in Latin America, which contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and promotes more equitable and sustainable development in health and the environment. In this context,not only the recipient countries are benefited, but also cooperating countries, moving away from a vertical logic and promoting a comprehensive approach to deal with regional and global challenges.

ABSTRACT The aim was to analyze Primary Health Care (PHC) actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in municipalities in Minas Gerais. This is a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out through the application of an online questionnaire, in which 278 municipal health secretaries from the state of Minas Gerais and/or coordinators of PHC took part. The health structure proved to be capable of providing the development of management functions based on data and information throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the actions to face the population are the use of protocols, masks, use of physical barriers, penalty for crowding, and telephony resources to clarify doubts about COVID-19. As for the difficulties in controlling this disease by employees in the PHC, low professional remuneration, poor work organization, delay in test results, underreporting, lack of equipment and technological resources were mentioned. It is concluded that the numerous measures and tools adopted to control the COVID-19 pandemic were used by municipal authorities. However, despite technological resources, such as the e-SUS, providing epidemiological data on COVID-19, capable of assisting in the planning of health actions, these tools need to be improved.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar as ações da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em resposta à pandemia de Covid-19 em municípios de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, observacional e transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante a aplicação de um questionário on-line, no qual participaram 278 secretários municipais de saúde do estado de Minas Gerais e/ou coordenadores da APS. A estrutura em saúde se demonstrou capaz de proporcionar o desenvolvimento de funções gerenciais com base em dados e informações ao longo da pandemia. Entre as ações de enfrentamento na população, estão o uso de protocolos, de máscaras, utilização de barreiras físicas, penalidade por aglomeração e recursos de telefonia para o esclarecimento de dúvidas sobre a Covid-19. Quanto às dificuldades de controle dessa doença pelos colaboradores na APS, foram citadas baixa remuneração profissional, precária organização do trabalho, demora dos resultados nos exames, subnotificação, falta de equipamentos e recursos tecnológicos. Conclui-se que inúmeras medidas e ferramentas adotadas para o controle da pandemia foram utilizadas pelas autoridades municipais. No entanto, apesar de os recursos tecnológicos, como o e-SUS, disponibilizarem dados epidemiológicos sobre a Covid-19, capazes de auxiliar no planejamento de ações em saúde, essas ferramentas necessitam de aperfeiçoamentos.

Abstract Work stress is a physical and emotional response to stressful situations in the work environment. It can negatively influence work performance by decreasing concentration, productivity and increasing errors, it can also affect the health and well-being of the collaborator. The main objective of this research was to determine the relationship between work stress and work performance in nursing professionals at Hospital II Tarapoto - EsSalud in San Martín, Peru; The methodology used was of the basic research type, with a quantitative approach, a descriptive correlational level and a non-experimental design, the sampling was intentional for convenience and 150 people participated. the technique for data collection was the survey and the instruments used are reliable with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.902 and 0.760 respectively. After processing the information, a p-value = 0.000 was determined, indicating that there is a significant relationship and the Rho Spearman = .402**, which indicates that the relationship is medium positive. It was concluded that every effort to reduce stress in employees will have an impact on their work performance.

Resumen El estrés laboral es una respuesta física y emocional a situaciones de tensión en el entorno de trabajo. Puede influir de manera negativa en el rendimiento laboral al disminuir la concentración, la productividad y aumentar los errores, también puede afectar la salud y el bienestar del colaborador. Esta investigación se planteó como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre el estrés laboral y el rendimiento laboral en los profesionales de enfermería del Hospital II Tarapoto - EsSalud en San Martín, Perú; la metodología utilizada fue de tipo de investigación básica, de enfoque cuantitativo, el nivel descriptivo correlacional y de diseño no experimental, el muestreo fue intencional por conveniencia y se contó con la participación de 150 personas; la técnica para la recolección de los datos fue la encuesta y los instrumentos utilizados son fiables con un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0.902 y 0.760 respectivamente. Luego de procesar la información se determinó un p-valor = 0,000 indica que existe relación significativa y el Rho Spearman = ,402** lo cual indica que la relación es positiva media. Se llegó a la conclusión que cada esfuerzo por disminuir el estrés en los colaboradores tendrá un impacto en el rendimiento laboral de los mismos.