RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é propor o redesenho do Parque Veracruz em Puyo, Pastaza, através de um diagnóstico exaustivo do estado atual do parque e da implementação de infraestruturas cinza, verde e azul para melhorar sua imagem cênica e funcionalidade. Utilizando uma metodologia de pesquisa experimental e descritiva, foram avaliados os componentes vegetais dos estratos arbóreos, arbustivo e herbáceo, bem como a infraestrutura física do parque. O programa Sketchup Pro foi utilizado para visualizar o redesenho proposto. O diagnóstico identificou deficiências nos sistemas de drenagem e na qualidade da água, em resposta a isso o parque foi redesenhado. Quatro espécies herbáceas (Turnera ulmifolia L., Ruellia tuberosa L., Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L'Hér.) Blume, Duranta repens L.) foram introduzidas para melhorar a estética e reforçar a identidade cultural. O estrato arbustivo foi enriquecido com Megaskepasma erythrochlamy Lindau, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Mussaenda erythrophylla S., Allamanda cathartica L. As espécies arbóreas Terminalia catappa L., Bismarckia nobilis H. e Archontophoenix myolensis Dowe, foram selecionadas para melhorar a paisagem, proporcionar sombra. A infraestrutura azul, que inclui sistemas de drenagem sustentáveis e áreas de retenção de água, foi implementada para gerir eficientemente as águas pluviais, reduzindo os riscos de inundações e melhorando a qualidade ambiental do parque. Juntas, estas intervenções promovem um ambiente urbano mais atrativo, sustentável e ecologicamente diversificado, elevando a qualidade de vida dos residentes.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to redesign and revitalize the Veracruz Park in Puyo, Pastaza, through an exhaustive diagnosis of the current state of the park and the implementation of gray, green and blue infrastructure to improve its scenic image and functionality. Using an experimental and descriptive research methodology, the plant components of the tree, shrub and herbaceous strata, as well as the physical infrastructure of the park, were evaluated. The Sketchup Pro program was used to visualize the proposed redesign. The diagnosis identified deficiencies in drainage systems, water quality and existing infrastructure. In response, the redesign integrated sustainable solutions for each of these problems. Four herbaceous species (Turnera ulmifolia L., Ruellia tuberosa L., Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L'Hér.) Blume, Duranta repens L.) were introduced to improve aesthetics and reinforce cultural identity. The shrub layer was enriched with Megaskepasma erythrochlamy Lindau, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Mussaenda erythrophylla S., Allamanda cathartica L. increasing biodiversity. The tree species Terminalia catappa L., Bismarckia nobilis H. y Archontophoenix myolensis Dowe, were selected to improve the landscape, provide shade and contribute to air quality. Blue infrastructure, which includes sustainable drainage systems and water retention areas, was implemented to efficiently manage stormwater, reducing flood risks and improving the environmental quality of the park. Together, these interventions promote a more attractive, sustainable and ecologically diverse urban environment, raising the quality of life of residents.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo proponer el rediseño del Parque Veracruz en Puyo, Pastaza, mediante un diagnóstico exhaustivo del estado actual del parque y la implementación de infraestructuras gris, verde y azul para mejorar su imagen escénica y funcionalidad. Utilizando una metodología de investigación experimental y descriptiva, se evaluaron los componentes vegetales de los estratos arbóreo, arbustivo y herbáceo, así como la infraestructura física del parque. El programa Sketchup Pro fue empleado para visualizar el rediseño propuesto. El diagnóstico identificó deficiencias en los sistemas de drenaje y la calidad del agua, en respuesta a esto se rediseño el parque. Se introdujeron cuatro especies herbáceas (Turnera ulmifolia L., Ruellia tuberosa L., Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L'Hér.) Blume, Duranta repens L.) para mejorar la estética y reforzar la identidad cultural. El estrato arbustivo se enriqueció con Megaskepasma erythrochlamy Lindau, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Mussaenda erythrophylla S., Allamanda cathartica L. Las especies arbóreas Terminalia catappa L., Bismarckia nobilis H. y Archontophoenix myolensis Dowe, se seleccionaron para mejorar el paisaje, proporcionar sombra. La infraestructura azul, que incluye sistemas de drenaje sostenible y áreas de retención de agua, fue implementada para gestionar eficientemente el agua de lluvia, reduciendo riesgos de inundaciones y mejorando la calidad ambiental del parque. En conjunto, estas intervenciones promueven un entorno urbano más atractivo, sostenible y ecológicamente diverso, elevando la calidad de vida de los residentes

Anti-nutritive and toxic factors in plants adversely affect animal health and production. Hence, the aims of the study were to (1) carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis of these factors in Terminalia sericea that grows abundantly in Onderstepoort; (2) evaluate an affordable, efficient and reliable method that reduces these factors and (3) evaluate antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds. Thus, sequential organic and aqueous extractions were carried out on T. sericea leaves and feed pellets. Extracts were subjected to qualitative analysis to confirm the presence of 11 phytochemicals. While quantitative analysis of nine phytochemicals was carried out on spectrophotometry, the phenolic extracts were further tested for antioxidant activity on 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay where gallic acid (GA), quercetin (Q) and ascorbic acid (AA) were used as standards. The contents of GA, Q and AA in the phenolic extracts were determined on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Aqueous extraction was an effective method as most phytochemicals were extracted. Nine phytochemicals were qualitatively analysed in T. sericea. The highest contents of 1.97% and 2.37 ± 0.077 mg/g gallic acid equivalent with a significant difference (p < 0.05) were determined in oxalates and phenolics, respectively. Furthermore, 83.1% DPPH inhibition (IC50 = 0.0432 µg/mL) was determined relative to the standards (85.27% - 85.96%; IC50 = 0.000009 µg/mL - 0.00042 µg/mL). Subsequently, HPLC results showed that T. sericea contained high concentration of AA (62.5 ± 2.13 µg/mL) to confirm antioxidant properties of the leaves. CONTRIBUTION: Though T. sericea leaves have antioxidant activities, the alkaloid contents may pose a threat to the livestock. Therefore, farmers around Onderstepoort should protect their livestock from feeding on these leaves.

Abstract Macquart (1850) provided the original description of Pelecorhynchus vulpes (= Pangonia vulpes) based on a holotype male from Chile. His description is brief and lacks many morphological details. Therefore, herein we redescribe, in far greater detail, the holotype male of Pelecorhynchus vulpes (Macquart) and describe and illustrate, for the first time, the morphology of the male terminalia. 1850 (1850 = ( Chile details Therefore redescribe detail (Macquart illustrate time terminalia 185 (185 18 (18 1 (1

ABSTRACT The use of tropical wood species in reforestation can be an alternative resource to meet the demand from the industrial wood sector. However, this strategy remains very limited, even while tropical forests continue to be deliberately exploited for the selective extraction of native species of highly commercial value. To test the potential of tropical species in reforestation, it is first necessary to evaluate the production and quality of the wood produced. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality Astronium urundeuva, Astronium fraxinifolium and Terminalia argentea woods, all aged 22 years, from a heterogeneous plantation located in the municipality of Selvíria-MS. From each species, 15 trees were selected. A 10 cm thick disc was removed from the base of each tree. Samples were taken from the discs near the bark region to evaluate the anatomical characteristics and the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. According to the results, it was found that only compressive strength did not differ significantly among the species. Astronium urundeuva presented the highest values for basic density and apparent density, and Terminalia argentea presented the highest values for fiber length, fiber wall thickness and vessel element diameter. The best Pearson correlations were found for basic density and apparent density, both for Astronium fraxinifolium and Astronium urundeuva. The best regression equations obtained were correlations between basic density and apparent density for Astronium fraxinifolium and Astronium urundeuva. The linear model best fits the data for these correlations. The greater growth of Terminalia argentea trees caused lower wood density owing to the lower rate of competition among trees. Based on the results and according to wood strength standards, the three species can be classified in the D40 strength class. According to the obtained results, these can support information to be compared with some species used commercially for structural purposes and other uses. sector However limited value produced Therefore woods 2 years SelvíriaMS. SelvíriaMS Selvíria MS. MS Selvíria-MS 1 selected tree length diameter standards D D4 class uses

RESUMO O uso de espécies madeireiras tropicais em reflorestamento pode ser uma alternativa para suprir demanda do setor industrial madeireiro, porém o uso ainda é muito limitado, e as florestas tropicais remanescentes ainda seguem sendo deliberadamente exploradas para extração seletiva de espécies nativas de alto valor comercial. Para testar o potencial das espécies tropicais em reflorestamento é necessário avaliar produção e a qualidade da madeira produzida. Sendo assim, este estudo visa avaliar a qualidade da madeira de Astronium urundeuva, Astronium fraxinifolium e Terminalia argentea aos 22 anos oriundas de um plantio heterogêneo, localizado no município de Selvíria-MS. De cada uma das espécies foram selecionadas 15 árvores. De cada árvore foi retirada um disco de 10 cm de espessura da base. Dos discos foram tomadas amostras nas proximidades da região casca para a avaliação das propriedades da madeira. Para isso foram avaliadas as características anatômicas e propriedades físicas e mecânicas das madeiras. De acordo com os resultados verificou-se que somente a resistência à compressão paralela não se diferenciam significativamente entre as espécies. Astronium urundeuva apresentou os maiores valores para densidade básica e densidade aparente e a Terminalia argentea para comprimento se fibra, espessura da parede da fibra e diâmetro de elemento de vaso. As melhores correlações de Pearson foram encontradas para a densidade básica e densidade aparente, tanto para o Astronium fraxinifolium quanto para Astronium urundeuva. As melhores equações de regressões obtidas foram para a relações entre densidade básica e densidade aparente para o Astronium fraxinifolium e Astronium urundeuva, sendo que o modelo linear foi o que melhor ajustou os dados dessas relações. O maier crescimento das árvores de Terminalia argntea ocasionou uma menor densidade da madeira devido a menor taxa de competição entre as árvores. Com base nos resultados e segundo as normas de resistência da madeira, as três espécies podem ser classificadas na classe de resistência D40. Os resultados obtidos podem subsidiar informações que permitam a comparação com espécies utilizadas comercialmente para fins estruturais e outros usos. madeireiro limitado comercial produzida assim 2 heterogêneo SelvíriaMS. SelvíriaMS Selvíria MS. MS Selvíria-MS 1 madeiras verificouse verificou vaso D40 D usos D4

ABSTRACT Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 is a small cosmopolitan genus which encompasses 16 described species. In the Neotropical region there are records of only two species, P. costaricana Duda, 1925 and P. nephelea Wheeler, 1968. In this paper, we describe the first 19 new species from South America – P. itatiaiensis n. sp., P. blauthae n. sp., P. rafaeli n. sp., P. boldrinii n. sp., P. roraimensis n. sp., P. amazonensis n. sp., P. moratoi n. sp., P. mineira n. sp., P. leonensis n. sp., P. marinhoi n. sp., P. viscondedemauaensis n. sp., P. pedraseladensis n. sp., P. vicenziae n. sp., P. pallidifacies n. sp., P. acreensis n. sp., P. mantiqueira n. sp., P. maculosa n. sp., P. melana n. sp., P. puri n. sp. – based on morphological traits. A distribution map and a taxonomic key for male imagoes of the Neotropical species was also produced. By adding 19 new species, we establish the Neotropical region as the biogeographical region with the most known diversity in the world for the genus. Duda 192 1 P Wheeler 1968 paper n sp traits produced 196

Abstract In the Brazilian Cerrado, the Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus) populations are facing an accelerated rate of habitat loss. Despite this, their feeding areas and primary food sources remain poorly understood. In this study, I assessed the relationship between the diet of the Red-and-green Macaw and available food resources in a habitat mosaic from the fragmented Cerrado in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Red-and-green Macaws fed on 20 native and five exotic species, mainly in dry habitats (Cerrado, dry forest, and an urban area along the Maracaju Cliffs) during the dry season, while year-round foraging in the riparian vegetation (Aquidauana River and streams). Then, the number of feeding macaws paralleled variations in food abundance and diversity, besides the number of food species. On the other hand, by using a wide variety of abundant foods, macaws' diet breadth presented high values throughout the year. The seasonal consumption of large-seeded fruits across the habitat mosaic displayed a gradient ranging from the urban area to dry habitats, along which macaws ate from exotic to Cerrado species. In this respect, Terminalia catappa seeds and Mangifera indica fruit pulp were important for Red-and-green Macaws in the urban area during the wet season, while Caryocar brasiliense seeds comprised the same in the Cerrado. At this site, both Dipteryx alata and Buchenavia tomentosa seeds composed much of the Red-and-green Macaws' diet during the dry season. Between those habitats, in the watercourse vegetation, macaws frequently foraged on palm fruits across seasons. Therefore, throughout the year, the abundance and variety of food resources strongly influenced the number of foraging Red-and-green Macaws across the habitat mosaic. Understanding the effect of varying seed availability on the spatial and temporal abundance patterns of Red-and-green Macaws, which primarily feed on large-seeded species, is central to developing effective conservation strategies. Due to the accelerated habitat loss, the Maracaju Cliffs emerge as crucial for the Red-and-green Macaw among the Cerrado remnants of Mato Grosso do Sul. Redandgreen Red green Ara chloropterus loss understood study State Brazil 2 species (Cerrado forest season yearround year round Aquidauana streams. streams . streams) Then diversity hand foods largeseeded large seeded respect site seasons Therefore strategies

Resumo No Cerrado brasileiro, as populações de arara-vermelha (Ara chloropterus) estão sob forte pressão de perda de habitat, ao mesmo tempo em que suas áreas de alimentação e importantes itens alimentares permanecem praticamente desconhecidos. Neste estudo, avaliei a relação entre a dieta e oferta de recursos alimentares para a arara-vermelha, em um mosaico de habitats, no fragmentado Cerrado do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Registrei o consumo de 20 espécies nativas e 5 exóticas, sendo que os hábitats secos (Cerrado, mata estacional e área urbana em meio a Serra de Maracaju) serviram como principais áreas de alimentação no decorrer da estação seca. Por outro lado, a vegetação ripária (Rio Aquidauana e riachos) foi explorada em proporções semelhantes em ambas estações. O uso sazonal de espécies com grandes sementes, ao longo do mosaico de habitats, exibiu um gradiente da área urbana aos habitats secos ao longo do qual as araras consumiram desde espécies exóticas até as do Cerrado. As sementes de Terminalia catappa e polpa de Mangifera indica foram responsáveis por grande parte da alimentação delas na área urbana durante a estação chuvosa, enquanto as sementes de Cariocar brasiliense correspondeu ao mesmo no Cerrado. As sementes de Dipteryx alata e Buchenavia tomentosa, também no Cerrado, ficaram no extremo oposto do gradiente, sendo consumidos durante a estação seca. Em meio ao gradiente, ficaram os frutos de palmeiras, explorados na vegetação dos cursos d`água, tanto nas chuvas quanto na seca. O número de araras-vermelhas se alimentando foi paralelo a abundância de alimentos, bem como ao número e diversidade de espécies de alimentares. Já a amplitude de nicho alimentar exibiu valores elevados durante o ano todo, refletindo o consumo de uma variedade de frutos abundantes. Portanto, não apenas a abundância, mas também a variedade de recursos alimentares influenciou fortemente o número de araras-vermelhas alimentando-se ao longo do mosaico de habitats durante todo o ano. Como as araras-vermelhas dependem extensamente de espécies com sementes grandes, entender como a oferta diversificada desses recursos pode afetar suas variações temporais e espaciais de abundância são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de planos de conservação. Dessa forma, face ao acelerado desmatamento do Cerrado no Mato Grosso do Sul, a Serra de Maracaju, em meio aos remanescentes do Cerrado, emerge como crucial para as populações persistentes de araras-vermelhas. brasileiro araravermelha arara vermelha Ara chloropterus habitat desconhecidos estudo araravermelha, vermelha, Sul 2 (Cerrado Maracaju seca lado Rio riachos estações chuvosa tomentosa palmeiras dágua d água d`água ararasvermelhas vermelhas alimentos abundantes Portanto alimentandose conservação forma ararasvermelhas. vermelhas.

Abstract Terminalia argentea tree, native to Brazil, is widely used in landscaping, recovering degraded areas, its wood, coal production, and the bark or leaf extracts has medicinal use. Despite of its importance, the arthropod fauna associated to this plant and its interspecific relationships still needs further studies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the arthropods, their ecological indices and the distribution in the leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. The numbers of phytophagous insects (e.g., Cephalocoema sp.), pollinators (e.g., Tetragonisca angustula), and natural enemies (e.g., Oxyopidae), and their ecological indices (e.g., species richness), were higher on the adaxial leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. Aggregated distribution of phytophagous insects (e.g., Aphis spiraecola), pollinators (e.g., Trigona spinipes), and natural enemies (e.g., Camponotus sp.) on T. argentea saplings was observed. Abundance, diversity, and species richness of natural enemies correlated, positively, with those of phytophagous and pollinators insects. Predators and tending ants followed their prey and sucking insects, respectively. Tending ants protected sucking insects against predators, and reduced chewing insects. The high number of Cephalocoema sp. on T. argentea saplings is a problem, because this insect can feed on leaves of this plant, but its preference for the adaxial leaf face favors its control. The aggregation behavior of arthropods on T. argentea saplings favors the control of potential pests of this plant. There seems to be competition between tending ants for space and food resources on T. argentea saplings. tree Brazil landscaping areas wood production use importance studies T e.g., eg e g (e.g. sp., sp , angustula, angustula angustula) Oxyopidae, Oxyopidae Oxyopidae) richness, richness) spiraecola, spiraecola spiraecola) spinipes, spinipes spinipes) observed Abundance diversity correlated positively respectively predators problem e.g. (e.g e.g

Resumo Terminalia argentea, árvore nativa do Brasil, é muito utilizada no paisagismo, na recuperação de áreas degradadas, sua madeira na produção de carvão e o extrato da casca ou das folhas tem uso medicinal. Apesar de sua importância, a fauna de artrópodes associada a esta planta e suas relações interespecíficas ainda carecem de estudos mais aprofundados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar os artrópodes, seus índices ecológicos e a distribuição nas faces foliares de mudas de T. argentea. O número de insetos fitófagos (ex.: Cephalocoema sp.), polinizadores (ex.: Tetragonisca angustula), e inimigos naturais (ex.: Oxyopidae), e seus índices ecológicos (ex.: riqueza de espécies), foram maiores nas faces adaxiais das folhas das mudas de T. argentea. Foi observada uma distribuição agregada de insetos fitófagos (ex.: Aphis spiraecola), polinizadores (ex.: Trigona spinipes) e inimigos naturais (ex.: Camponotus sp.) em mudas de T. argentea. A abundância, diversidade e riqueza de espécies de inimigos naturais correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com as de insetos fitófagos e polinizadores. Os predadores e as formigas cuidadoras seguiram as suas presas e os insetos sugadores, respectivamente. As formigas cuidadoras protegeram os insetos sugadores contra os predadores e reduziram os insetos mastigadores. O elevado número de Cephalocoema sp. em mudas de T. argentea é um problema, pois esse inseto pode se alimentar de folhas dessa planta, mas sua preferência pela face adaxial da folha favorece seu controle. O comportamento de agregação de artrópodes em mudas de T. argentea favorece o controle de potenciais pragas dessa planta. Parece haver competição entre as formigas cuidadoras por espaço e recursos alimentares nas mudas de T. argentea. Brasil paisagismo degradadas medicinal importância aprofundados T ex. ex (ex. sp., sp , angustula, angustula angustula) Oxyopidae, Oxyopidae Oxyopidae) espécies, espécies) spiraecola, spiraecola spiraecola) spinipes abundância correlacionaramse, correlacionaramse correlacionaram se, correlacionaram-se positivamente respectivamente mastigadores problema (ex

ABSTRACT This study provides a description of the female and a redescription of the male terminalia of Dixella woodi Chaverri & Borkent, 2007, which is recorded in Peru for the first time. Diagnoses for the other two Peruvian Dixidae species, Dixella andeana (Lane, 1942) and Dixella peruviana (Edwards, 1931), and remarks on their types are presented along with a key to distinguish the three species. Dixella woodi differs significantly from other Neotropical Dixella Dyar & Shannon, 1924 species, such as the presence of elongated setae on the medial portion of the katepisternum and unique characteristics in both male and female terminalia. The findings underscore the importance of systematic collection sampling and taxonomic revision in the Neotropical region to advance our understanding of Dixidae diversity and distribution. Borkent 2007 time species Lane, Lane (Lane 1942 Edwards, Edwards (Edwards 1931, 1931 , 1931) Shannon 192 distribution 200 194 193 19 20 1 2

Abstract: Background: Mistletoes are commonly regarded as pests because they parasitize agricultural crops and have a detrimental impact on the quality of urban trees. Objective: To identify the species of mistletoe present in the Mata Alagoana microregion, Alagoas, Brazil, based on morphological and molecular characterization and to investigate host specificity. Methods: Collection expeditions were carried out in 16 municipalities within the Mata Alagoana microregion. Initially, the morphological characterization of the mistetloe was carried out based on dichotomous keys, comparison of exsiccates and confirmation with a specialist. Subsequently, the ITS region sequence of nine specimens was amplified using PCR and sequenced. Finally, species of ornamental plants, urban plants and crops of agricultural importance were recorded as hosts of mistetloes. Results: For the family Loranthaceae, four species of the genus Struthanthus were identified parasitizing different host plants, such as Syzygium cumini, Terminalia catappa and Artocarpus heterophyllus. Additionally, the species Passovia pyrifolia was found parasitizing Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini and Manihot esculenta. Among the tree species, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia showed greater susceptibility to infestation, indicating a preference of the parasite for this species. Psittacanthus dichroos was found to parasitize Terminalia catappa. For the family Viscaceae, the occurrence of three species of the genus Phoradendron was reported. P. quadrangulare parasitizing pomegranate (Punica granatum) and genipap (Genipa americana); P. dipterum was observed on P. perrottetii, reinforcing its epiparasitic habit; and P. perrottetii was found parasitizing white cupiúba (Tapirira guianensis), a very common host for this species. Conclusion: This report reinforces the wide distribution of mistletoe with emphasis on the municipalities of the Mata Alagoana microregion. Here, we report for the first time the occurrence of the species Struthanthus acuminatus, Phoradendron dipterum and Phoradendron perrottetii in the state of Alagoas. Abstract Background trees Objective microregion Alagoas Brazil specificity Methods 1 Initially keys specialist Subsequently sequenced Finally mistetloes Results Loranthaceae heterophyllus Additionally indica esculenta infestation Viscaceae reported P Punica granatum Genipa americana americana) habit Tapirira guianensis, guianensis , guianensis) Conclusion Here acuminatus

ABSTRACT The use of native trees is necessary for land restoration and the sequestration of carbon that is stored in forest biomass production in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the biomass prediction model used for native tropical lowland trees of Indonesia is limited to only specific locations and focuses on aboveground biomass (AGB). This study aimed to select and evaluate potential native tree species for high biomass and to develop the best allometric model for estimating tree biomass production (AGB, belowground/BGB, and total/TB) in lowland ecosystems in Indonesia. Trees were selected using the following five criteria: nativeness, ecosystem type, morphological appearance, multipropagation ability, and economic value. Biomass content was quantified for 102 sample trees (56 trees aged 4 years and 46 trees aged 8 years), using the destructive method. Effective growth biomass and species ecological data indicated five species as potential trees for land restoration in tropical lowlands of Indonesia: Litsea garciae, Terminalia bellirica, Pterospermum javanicum, Anisoptera marginata, and Cananga odorata. The best allometric model of this study is highly recommended for implementation with native trees of tropical lowlands in Indonesia, especially those in early stages (less than 8 years). Meanwhile AGB. AGB . (AGB) AGB, (AGB belowgroundBGB belowground BGB belowground/BGB total/TB totalTB total TB criteria nativeness type appearance ability value 10 56 (5 years, , years) method garciae bellirica javanicum marginata odorata less years. 1 5 (

Abstract The Brazilian species of the New World genus Ptilodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 are revised. Before this study, only one species of Ptilodexia was recorded from Brazil, viz. P. lateralis (Walker, 1836). Herein we record, for the first time, two new records of known Ptilodexia species in Brazil, viz. P. striata (Wulp, 1891) and P. rubricornis (Wulp, 1891). In addition, a new species is described, Ptilodexia matogrossensis sp. nov. from Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states in Brazil; hence four species of this genus are currently recorded from Brazil. The species Neomyostoma ptilodexioides Townsend, 1935, from Brazil, placed in the monotypic genus Neomyostoma Townsend, 1935, is proposed as junior synonym of P. lateralis. Illustrations and detailed descriptions are presented for P. lateralis, P. matogrossensis sp. nov., P. striata and P. rubricornis and the male terminalia is described for P. lateralis and P. striata. The female terminalia and the first larval instar are described for the first time for the genus, based on the descriptions of P. lateralis and P. striata. A key to the identification of all recognized Brazilian species of Ptilodexia is presented. Finally, an updated distributional record is given for all studied species. Bergenstamm 188 revised study Brazil viz P Walker, Walker (Walker 1836. 1836 . 1836) Wulp, Wulp (Wulp 1891 1891. addition sp nov Townsend 1935 Finally 18 183 189 193 1 19

ABSTRACT The Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet (Touit huetii) is the only one from the seven species of the genus Touit with no published data on its diet. In March 2023, in Puerto Madero, Sucumbíos, Northeast of Ecuador, we recorded flocks of Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet feeding on the bark of Terminalia catappa and the bark and leaves of Syzygium malaccense, both ornamental trees introduced from Asia. Consumption of resin-secreting vegetative structures has been rarely recorded in Neotropical psittacines. We suggest that these two resources may be important in the diet of the Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet and that this could be due to the fact that they have specific active compounds with properties of relevance for the health of individuals (e.g., antibacterial, an-tifungal, hepato-protective, or anti-inflammatory). We highlight the need for futher observations to understand if their consumption is a generalized pattern.

RESUMEN La Cotorrita Alirroja (Touit huetii) es la única de las siete especies del género Touit, de la que no existen datos publicados sobre su dieta. En marzo de 2023, en Puerto Madero, Sucumbíos, noreste de Ecuador, registramos bandadas de Cotorrita Alirroja alimentándose de la corteza de Terminalia catappa y de la corteza y las hojas de Syzygium malaccense, dos árboles ornamentales originarios de Asia. El consumo sobre estructuras vegetativas que poseen resina ha sido poco registrado en psitácidos neotropicales. Sugerimos que estas dos especies podrían ser importantes en la dieta de la Cotorrita Alirroja y que esto podría deberse a que poseen compuestos activos específicos con propiedades de relevancia para la salud de los individuos (e.g., antibacterianas, antifúngicas hepato-protectoras, o antiinflamatorias). Resaltamos la necesidad profundizar estas observaciones para entender si su consumo es un patrón generalizado.

Abstract The present study analyzes the relationship between people and plants in the caatinga region of Northeastern Brazil, considering the influence of socio-economic factors on different categories of plant use in the community. Thus, it aims to associate socio-economic factors and knowledge in the use dynamics of medicinal, food and timber plants in Brejo da Conceição community, Currais, Piaui, Brazil. The data set was obtained through semi-structured interviews, interviewing one-hundred-one persons: 46 women and 55 men. A generalized linear model analyzed socio-economic factors influencing the knowledge of plants, built using Poisson distribution and having as explanatory variable age, gender, number of residents in household and education; as a response variable, the number of plants cited per respondent. To better understand the distribution of plants in use categories, we verified which species are the most important locally and, for that, we calculated the plants’ Cultural Importance Index and Relative Importance Index. The interviewees cited 126 plant species. Among these species, 74 were native, and 52 were naturalized. Overlapping the categories of use, the most prominent species in the categories medicinal and food, according to the indices of cultural importance (CI) and relative importance (RII), were the buriti palm tree (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.), orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). For the overlap of medicinal and timber uses, catinga de porco stood out (Terminalia brasiliensis (Cambess.) Eichler) and birro de cangalha (Diplopterys sp.). The lemon balm herb stood out as its medical use (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson). Just the number of residents and gender factors influenced the plants’ knowledge of Brejo da Conceição in medicinal use, food and wood resources. Given the complexity of current discussions that guide related to these characteristics, the proposed results can serve as a reference for future research that incorporates more aspects of local ecological knowledge, including analyzing other essential variables that shape the distribution of knowledge in the distinct categories of use. Brazil socioeconomic socio economic community Thus Currais Piaui semistructured semi structured interviews onehundredone one hundred persons 4 5 men age education respondent 12 7 native naturalized CI (CI RII, RII , (RII) Mauritia L.f., Lf L.f. L f L.f.) Citrus L. (L. Osbeck Anacardium L.. . L.) uses Terminalia Cambess. Cambess (Cambess. Eichler Diplopterys sp.. sp sp. sp.) Lippia Mill. Mill (Mill. NEBr N E Br N.E.Br P.Wilson. PWilson P.Wilson P Wilson P.Wilson) resources characteristics 1 (RII L.f (L (Cambess (Mill

RESUMO As ervas-de-passarinho compõem um importante recurso nutricional para a fauna ornitológica frugívora em vários ecossistemas. Porém, em grande intensidade, podem diminuir o vigor de suas árvores hospedeiras sendo necessário manejo adequado na arborização urbana, sem exaurir essa fonte de alimento aos pássaros. A hipótese de que existam hemiparasitos com especificidade de hospedeiro foi a motivação para este trabalho. Assim, foi realizado censo florístico arbóreo na UFMT, campus Cuiabá; registrada a infestação por gênero de hemiparasito presente, em quantidade e grau de infestação, além da quantificação de sementes do hemiparasito germinadas sem o desenvolvimento da parte vegetativa, cujos cotilédones necrosaram e morreram. Avaliaram-se 4265 indivíduos arbóreos, distribuídos em 46 famílias nas quais 16.52% foram identificados os gêneros Phoradendron, Psittacanthus e Struthanthus, dos quais cerca de 90.0% eram Psittacanthus: A maior infestação ocorreu em 24 famílias, destacando-se Fabaceae (28.3%) e Combretaceae (25.6%) e as espécies Terminalia catappa, Anadenanthera peregrina e Vatairea macrocarpa: A presença de sementes germinadas do hemiparasito com cotilédones mortos é variável entre as espécies arbóreas e entre os indivíduos da mesma espécie. O destaque foi em Rutaceae, Areacaceae e Rubiaceae, e nas espécies Acrocomia aculeata, Caryocar villosum e Genipa americana L: que apresentam indivíduos com potencial natural de controle, mesmo com a presença da fauna ornitológica frugívora e a dispersão do hemiparasito. De forma geral, a intensidade e o grau de infestação são baixos e não há infestação nas famílias Caryocaceae, Rutaceae e Rubiaceae, com destaque para as espécies Caryocar villosum, Murraya paniculata e Alibertia edulis. ervasdepassarinho ervas passarinho ecossistemas Porém urbana pássaros trabalho Assim UFMT Cuiabá presente vegetativa morreram Avaliaramse Avaliaram se 426 arbóreos 4 1652 16 52 16.52 Phoradendron Struthanthus 900 90 0 90.0 2 destacandose destacando 28.3% 283 28 3 (28.3% 25.6% 256 25 6 (25.6% catappa macrocarpa espécie Rubiaceae aculeata L controle geral Caryocaceae edulis 42 165 1 5 16.5 9 90. 28.3 (28.3 25.6 (25.6 16. 28. (28. 25. (25. (28 (25 (2 (

ABSTRACT Mistletoe is an important nutritional resource for the frugivorous ornithological fauna in several ecosystems. However, in great intensity, they can reduce the vigor of their host trees, requiring adequate management in urban afforestation, without depleting this source of food for birds. The hypothesis that there are hemiparasites with host specificity was the reason for this study. Thus, a floristic census of the trees was carried out at UFMT, campus Cuiabá; the infestation by genus of hemiparasite present was recorded, in quantity and degree of infestation, in addition to the quantification of seeds of the hemiparasite germinated without the development of the vegetative part, whose cotyledons necrotized and died. A total of 4265 tree individuals were evaluated, distributed in 46 families, in which 16,52% were identified of the genera Phoradendron, Psittacanthus, and Struthanthus, of which about 90,0% were Psittacanthus. The highest infestation occurred in 24 families, highlighting Fabaceae (28,3%) and Combretaceae (25,6%), and the species Terminalia catappa, Anadenanthera peregrina, and Vatairea macrocarpa. The presence of germinated seeds of the hemiparasite with dead cotyledons varies between tree species and between individuals of the same species. The highlight was in Rutaceae, Arecaceae, and Rubiaceae, and in the species Acrocomia aculeata, Caryocar villosum, and Genipa americana L. that present individuals with natural control potential, even with the presence of frugivorous ornithological fauna and the dispersion of the hemiparasite. In general, the intensity and degree of infestation are low, and there is no infestation in the Caryocaceae, Rutaceae, and Rubiaceae families, highlighting the species Caryocar villosum, Murraya paniculata and Alibertia edulis. ecosystems However afforestation birds study Thus UFMT Cuiabá recorded part died 426 evaluated 4 families 1652 16 52 16,52 Phoradendron Psittacanthus Struthanthus 900 90 0 90,0 2 28,3% 283 28 3 (28,3% 25,6%, 256 25,6% , 25 6 (25,6%) catappa peregrina macrocarpa Rutaceae Arecaceae aculeata villosum L potential general low Caryocaceae edulis 42 165 1 5 16,5 9 90, 28,3 (28,3 25,6 (25,6% 16, 28, (28, 25, (25,6 (28 (25, (2 (25 (

Abstract The studying material were recently collected with Malaise traps in Northeastern Brazil, and the authors found a new species of Amydrostylus, which represents the second known species of this endemic genus from the open/dry biomes of Brazil. The discovery results will provide more new diagnosis for the genus and allow a better knowledge of the male terminalia morphology, leading to a new interpretation of some of its structures. Male and female specimens are described and illustrated here. Brazil Amydrostylus opendry open dry morphology structures here