ABSTRACT Purpose Compartment Syndrome (CS) has been recognized as a potential factor that worsens testicular viability after detorsion, especially in borderline cases of prolonged ischemia. Fasciotomy of the testicular tunica albuginea to relieve the pressure associated with CS has been proposed to accommodate edema after detorsion, embracing the raw fasciotomy area with tunica vaginalis flap (TVF) or graft. Fashioning the TVF can be tedious in cases of severe scrotal edema. Herein we present a technique that facilitates and expedites the procedure, maintaining the fasciotomy area decompressed. Materials and Methods In testicular torsion, where the testis remains with dark coloration and questionable viability after detorsion a longitudinal releasing incision is made in the tunica albuginea (fasciotomy) to decrease compartmental pressure. If signs of parenchymal recovery (bleeding points, better color) are seen an orchio-septopexy is performed, suturing the incised albuginea’s edges to the septum with a running suture, avoiding CS as well as re-torsion. Results Orchio-septopexy was performed in 11 cases with a mean age of 11.9 years (3-17). All cases had clinic follow-up and testicular Doppler US with a mean of 9.5 months (6-24). 6/11 cases (54%) were salvaged, with good vascularity in the Doppler US and maintained more than 50% testicular volume compared to the contralateral side. Conclusion Orchio-septopexy after testicular fasciotomy is a simple and fast technique that can be utilized in cases of prolonged testicular ischemia and questionable viability. More than half of the testes recovered, encouraging us to propose its utilization as well as its validation by other surgeons.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is describing a technique with the use of a tunica vaginalis flap (TVF) to cover the suture line during anterior urethroplasty in patients with kippered urethra due to chronic indwelling catheterization (CIC). We studied 5 patients (mean age=50.2) with a neurogenic bladder that developed urethral erosion after a long period of CIC. Foley catheter was removed on the 14th postoperative day. One patient developed wound infection and utethrocutaneous fistula, which was conservatively managed and after 12 months of follow-up all the patients didn't report difficulties in intermittent self-catheterization. In conclusion, a urethroplasty with TVF technique may be a viable method for repairing penile urethral erosions, but further studies are required with a bigger sample to confirm our results.

La estructura elástica bajo Groenlandia es mostrada por medio de mapas de velocidad de onda para profundidades variando desde cero a 350 km, determinada por la regionalización e inversión de la dispersión de onda Rayleigh. Las trazas de 50 terremotos, ocurridos desde 1990 hasta 2011, han sido usados para obtener datos de dispersión de onda Rayleigh. Estos terremotos fueron registrados por 21 estaciones sísmicas localizadas en Groenlandia y el área circundante. Las curvas de dispersión fueron obtenidas para periodos entre 5 y 200 s, por filtrado digital con una combinación de MFT (Técnica de Filtrado Múltiple) y TVF (Filtrado en Tiempo Variable). Después, todos los eventos sísmicos (y algunas estaciones) fueron agrupados para obtener una curva de dispersión para cada trayecto fuente-estación. Estas curvas de dispersión fueron regionalizadas e invertidas de acuerdo con la teoría de la inversión generalizada, para obtener modelos de velocidad de cizalla para una rejilla rectangular de 16x20 puntos. La estructura de velocidad de cizalla obtenida a través de este procedimiento es mostrada in los mapas de velocidad de onda S representados para varias profundidades. Estos resultados muestran buen acuerdo con la geología y con otros resultados geofísicos obtenidos previamente. Los modelos de velocidad de onda S obtenidos sugieren la existencia de heterogeneidad lateral y vertical. Las zonas con estructuras antiguas y consolidadas presentan mayores valores de velocidad de onda S que las otras zonas, aunque esta diferencia puede ser muy pequeña o despreciable en algún caso. No obstante, en el rango de profundidad de 15 a 45 km, las diferentes profundidades del Moho presentes en el área de estudio generan la principal variación de velocidad de onda S. Un comportamiento similar es encontrado para el rango de profundidad desde 80 a 230 km, en el cual la frontera litosfera-astenosfera (LAB) genera las principales variaciones de velocidad de onda S. Finalmente, debería ser destacada la nueva e interesante característica obtenida en este estudio: la definición de la base de la astenosfera (para el área de estudio completa y para profundidades variando desde 130 a 280 km, respectivamente).

The elastic structure beneath Greenland is shown by means of S-velocity maps for depths ranging from zero to 350 km, determined by the regionalization and inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersion. The traces of 50 earthquakes, occurring from 1990 to 2011, have been used to obtain Rayleigh-wave dispersion data. These earthquakes were registered by 21 seismic station located in Greenland and the surrounding area. The dispersion curves were obtained for periods between 5 and 200 s, by digital filtering with a combination of MFT (Multiple Filter Technique) and TVF (Time Variable Filtering). Later, all seismic events (and some stations) were grouped to obtain a dispersion curve for each source-station path. These dispersion curves were regionalized and inverted according to the generalized inversion theory, to obtain shear-wave velocity models for a rectangular grid of 16x20 points. The shear-velocity structure obtained through this procedure is shown in the S-velocity maps plotted for several depths. These results agree well with the geology and other geophysical results previously obtained. The obtained S-velocity models suggest the existence of lateral and vertical heterogeneity. The zones with consolidated and old structures present greater S-velocity values than the other zones, although this difference can be very little or negligible in some case. Nevertheless, in the depth range of 15 to 45 km, the different Moho depths present in the study area generate the principal variation of S-velocity. A similar behaviour is found for the depth range from 80 to 230 km, in which the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) generates the principal variations of S-velocity. Finally, the new and interesting feature obtained in this study: the definition of the base of the asthenosphere (for the whole study area and for depths ranging from 130 to 280 km, respectively) should be highlighted.

La estructura elástica bajo Australia es mostrada por medio de mapas de velocidad de onda S, para profundidades que varían desde cero a 400 km, determinada por regionalización e inversión de dispersión de ondas Rayleigh. Las trazas de 233 terremotos, ocurridos desde 1990 hasta 2010, han sido usadas para obtener datos de dispersión de ondas Rayleigh. Estos terremotos fueron registrados por 65 estaciones sísmicas localizadas en Australia y el área circundante. Las curvas de dispersión fueron obtenidas para periodos entre 5 y 250 s, por filtrado digital con una combinación de las técnicas de filtrado: MFT (técnica del filtro múltiple) y TVF (filtrado en tiempo variable). Luego, todos los eventos sísmicos (y algunas estaciones) fueron agrupados para obtener una curva de dispersión para cada trayecto fuente-estación. Estas curvas de dispersión fueron regionalizadas e invertidas de acuerdo con la teoría de la inversión generalizada, para obtener modelos de velocidad de onda de cizalla para una rejilla regular de tamaño de celda de 2.5°×2.5°. La estructura de velocidad de cizalla obtenida a través de este procedimiento es mostrada en los mapas de velocidad de onda S representados para diversas profundidades. Estos resultados concuerdan bien con la geología y otros resultados geológicos y geofísicos previamente obtenidos. Los modelos de velocidad de onda S obtenidos sugieren la existencia de heterogeneidad lateral y vertical. Las zonas con estructuras antiguas y bien consolidadas presentan mayores valores de velocidad de onda S que los correspondientes a otras zonas, aunque esta diferencia puede ser muy pequeña o despreciable en algún caso. No obstante, en el rango de profundidad de 15 a 50 km, las diferentes profundidades del Moho presentes en el área de estudio generan la principal variación de velocidad de onda S. Un comportamiento similar es encontrado par el rango de profundidad desde 65 a 180 km, en el cual la frontera litosfera-astenosfera genera la principal variación de velocidad de onda S. Finalmente, debería ser notado que una nueva e interesante característica fue obtenida en este estudio: la definición de la base de la astenosfera, para profundidades que varían desde 155 a 280 km, en Australia y el área circundante. Esta característica está también presente en los continentes: América del Sur, Antártida y África, los cuales fueron parte del mismo súper-continente: Gondwana, en el Mesozoico temprano antes de fragmentarse.

The elastic structure beneath Australia is shown by means of S-velocity maps for depths ranging from zero to 400 km, determined by the regionalization and inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersion. The traces of 233 earthquakes, occurred from 1990 to 2010, have been used to obtain Rayleigh-wave dispersion data. These earthquakes were registered by 65 seismic station located in Australia and the surrounding area. The dispersion curves were obtained for periods between 5 and 250 s, by digital filtering with a combination of MFT (Multiple Filter Technique) and TVF (Time Variable Filtering), filtering techniques. Later, all seismic events (and some stations) were grouped to obtain a dispersion curve for each source-station path. These dispersion curves were regionalized and inverted according to the generalized inversion theory, to obtain shear-wave velocity models for a rectangular grid of 2.5°×2.5° mesh size. The shear-velocity structure obtained through this procedure is shown in the S-velocity maps plotted for several depths. These results agree well with the geology and other geophysical results previously obtained. The obtained S-velocity models suggest the existence of lateral and vertical heterogeneity. The zones with consolidated and old structures present greater S-velocity values than those in the other zones, although this difference can be very little or negligible in some case. Nevertheless, in the depth range of 15 to 50 km, the different Moho depths present in the study area generate the principal variation of S-velocity. A similar behaviour is found for the depth range from 65 to 180 km, in which the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary generates the principal variations of S-velocity. Finally, it should be highlighted a new and interesting feature was obtained in this study: the definition of the base of the asthenosphere, for depths ranging from 155 to 280 km, in Australia and the surrounding area. This feature is also present in the continents: South America, Antarctica and Africa, which were part of the same super-continent Gondwanaland, in the early Mesozoic before fragmentation.