Abstract: Background: One specimen collected in Yoloxóchitl (San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, Mexico) was initially reviewed by Michael Nee, who suggested that it could be a new species of the genus Cestrum, and commissioned to the first author to describe it. Questions: Do Cestrum populations from San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, correspond to a new species for science? Studied species: Cestrum sp. nov. Study site and dates: Yoloxóchitl, Municipality of San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero; 2023-2024. Methods: The specialized bibliography on the genus Cestrum was examined, from which a list of species with similar morphology to the studied species was compiled, all of which were examined using high resolution digital photographs. A botanical exploration was carried out, locating three populations. A morphological analysis was conducted with the collected material. Results: Cestrum amithii is defined as a new species for science. This new species presents many differences in terms of floral and foliar characters from the other species of the genus. The most outstanding is its spathaceous calyx, which is markedly asymmetrical and large, with evident ribs and two to three lobes. C. amithii is known only from Yoloxóchitl, Guerrero, where it grows in sub-deciduous tropical forest vegetation, at elevations of 530-630 m asl. It is associated with seasonal streams and creeks. Conclusions: With this new discovery, the number of Cestrum species in the flora of Guerrero state increases to 16.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Un ejemplar colectado en Yoloxóchitl (San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, México) fue anteriormente revisado por Michael Nee, quien sugirió que podría tratarse de una nueva especie del género Cestrum, y concedió al primer autor su descripción. Preguntas: Las poblaciones de Cestrum de San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, corresponden a una nueva especie para la ciencia? Especies de estudio: Cestrum sp. nov. Sitio y años de estudio: Yoloxóchitl, Municipio de San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero; 2023-2024. Métodos: Se examinó bibliografía especializada en el género, obteniendo una lista de especies con morfología similar a la especie en estudio, las cuales se examinaron por medio de fotografías digitales de alta resolución. Se realizó una exploración botánica, ubicando tres poblaciones. Se realizó un análisis morfológico con el material colectado. Resultados: Se define a Cestrum amithii como una especie nueva para la ciencia, endémica de la comunidad de Yoloxóchitl, Guerrero. La nueva especie presenta diversas diferencias en cuanto a caracteres florales y foliares respecto a las otras especies del género, la más destacada es el cáliz espatáceo, éste es marcadamente asimétrico, de grandes dimensiones, con costillas evidentes y dos o tres lóbulos. C. amithii es endémica de México, distribuida en vegetación de bosque tropical subcaducifolio, en elevación de 530-630 m snm, sobre arroyos y corrientes estacionales. Conclusiones: Con este nuevo descubrimiento, en la flora del estado de Guerrero se contabilizan 16 especies del género Cestrum.

Resumen Antecedentes: En la reforestación se recomiendan plantas nativas y en fuentes de la regeneración natural. Altos porcentajes de germinación bajo diferentes condiciones de luz y patrones fenológicos amplios incrementan la adaptación en ambientes heterogéneos. Se sugieren especies que tengan una dependencia a la inoculación con hongos micorrizógenos. Preguntas: ¿Solanum pubigerum está ampliamente distribuida en bosques templados del centro de México?, ¿en qué condiciones lumínicas germina?, ¿está en fuentes de la regeneración natural?, ¿la micorriza beneficia su germinación/crecimiento? Especie de estudio / descripción de los datos /Modelo matemático: Solanum pubigerum/distribución en bosques del centro de México, porcentajes de germinación y viabilidad, fenología reproductiva, dependencia micorrícica/Kruskal-Wallis, sincronía, correlaciones de Spearman, ANdeVA. Sitio de estudio y fechas: Bosque de Abies religiosa, Ciudad de México. Agosto 2019 - julio 2020. Métodos: Las semillas de S. pubigerum fueron expuestas a diferentes calidades de luz, su viabilidad fue monitoreada por dos años, así como su presencia en la regeneración natural. Se registró su fenología reproductiva, se inocularon plántulas con hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares para evaluar su crecimiento. Resultados: La mayor germinación ocurrió en luz blanca, la viabilidad se mantuvo en altos porcentajes después de dos años. S. pubigerum está en el banco de semillas en ambas épocas, fue menos abundante en la lluvia de semillas en la época seca, con un patrón de floración-fructificación amplio. La inoculación micorrícica incrementó su germinación y crecimiento. Conclusiones: Solanum pubigerum se recomienda para reforestar bosques del centro de México por sus germinación y respuesta a la micorrización.

Abstract Background: Plant species used for reforestation purposes are idoneous if native, and also if they are present in regeneration sources. High germination percentages under different light conditions and a broad phenological pattern enhance adaptability to environmental heterogeneity. Preference for species responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation is recommended. Questions: Is Solanum pubigerum a widespread species in temperate forests of central Mexico?, under which light conditions germination will be the highest?, how abundant is it in natural regeneration sources?, does inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi benefit its germination and growth? Studied species / data description / Mathematical model: Solanum pubigerum/distribution in central Mexico forests, germination and viability percentages, reproductive phenology, growth dependence on AM fungi/ Kruskal-Wallis test, synchrony, Spearman correlations, ANOVA. Study site and dates: Abies religiosa forest, Mexico City. August 2019 - July 2020. Methods: Seeds of S. pubigerum were exposed to different light qualities, their viability was monitored for two years. Its presence in natural regeneration sources was registered. Reproductive phenology was recorded, and seedlings were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to assess their growth. Results: Highest seed germination occurred under white light conditions, with sustained viability after two years. The species was found in the seed bank across seasons, less abundantly in seed rain during the dry season. It exhibited extensive flowering and fruiting patterns. Mycorrhiza inoculation significantly boosted seed germination and growth. Conclusions: Solanum pubigerum is suitable for reforestation in central Mexico forests due to its high germination percentages and mycorrhizal responsiveness.

Abstract Determining the diet of herbivores through the epidermal structures present in their excreta makes it possible to identify the plants consumed and estimate the variations at different times of the year. The objective of the study was to determine the botanical composition of the diet of the deer Central American Red Brocket (Mazama temama), in the Parque Nacional Cañón del Río Blanco (PNCRB), Veracruz, Mexico. The vegetation where the study was carried out is an evergreen tropical forest with the presence of induced vegetation. Sampling was carried out during the dry and rainy season of 2021. The plant species consumed were identified with the microhistological analysis of epidermal residues in fecal samples. The diet consisted of 18 species of plants belonging to 14 botanical families. The highest percentage of consumption was for the Solanaceae family (16.6%), followed by Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitacea and Malvaceae (11.1% each). 66% of the plants were consumed in the dry season, and consumption increased by 34% during the rainy season, showing 100% of the plant species in the rainy season, showing 100% consumption in the rainy season.. The plants consumed were 10 herbaceous plants (55.5%), six arboreal plants (33.5%), one shrub and one grass (5.5% each); forest edge plants (BB = 44%), forest interior plants (IB = 33%) and cultured plants (CP = 23%), constituted the diet. M. temama adapted its diet to the availability and temporal and spatial distribution of plants in the habitat and based on climatic conditions (dry vs. rainy).

Resumen La determinación de la dieta de herbívoros a través de las estructuras epidérmicas presentes en sus excretas permite identificar las plantas consumidas y estimar las variaciones entre épocas del año. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la composición botánica de la dieta del venado temazate rojo (Mazama temama) en el Parque Nacional Cañón del Río Blanco (PNCRB), Veracruz, México. La vegetación donde se realizó el estudio es un bosque tropical perennifolio con presencia de vegetación inducida. Los muestreos se realizaron en la época de secas y de lluvias del 2021. Las especies vegetales consumidas se identificaron con análisis microhistológico de residuos epidérmicos en muestras fecales. La dieta estuvo conformada por 18 especies de plantas de 14 familias botánicas. El mayor porcentaje de consumo lo tuvo la familia Solanaceae (16.6%), enseguida Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitacea y Malvaceae (11.1% cada una). El 66% de las plantas fueron consumidas en la época de secas, y aumentó un 34% de consumo durante lluvias, mostrando un 100% del porcentaje de consumo en lluvias. Las plantas consumidas fueron 10 de porte herbáceo (55.5%), seis de porte arbóreo (33.5%), una arbustiva y un pasto (5.5% cada una); plantas de borde de bosque (BB = 44%), de interior de bosque (IB = 33%) y cultivadas (PC = 23%), constituyeron la dieta. M. temama adaptó su dieta a la disponibilidad y distribución temporal y espacial de las plantas en el hábitat y con base en las condiciones climáticas (secas vs lluvias).

Summary Background and aims: The false-root knot nematode (Nacobbus spp.) comprises polyphagous species, with pepper (Capsicum annuum) being one of the most affected crops. Due to the lack of resistant pepper genotypes, we compared the responses of different commercial cultivars to identify possible plant defence mechanisms against N. celatus. M&M: Nematodes from Río Cuarto (Córdoba Province) and Lisandro Olmos (Buenos Aires Province) were inoculated on pepper cultivars: California Wonder (control), Fyuco INTA, Yatasto, and Fenomeno RZ. Plants were grown under a greenhouse and galls were analysed by histopathological techniques. Results: The roots of the commercial cultivars showed the typical morpho-anatomical alterations induced by N. celatus: gall formation, hyperplasia reactions, development of syncytia in the central cylinder and disorganisation of vascular tissues. Syncytial cells in contact with females of nematodes from Lisandro Olmos showed a defence reaction by Fyuco INTA, whereas feeding sites in Fenomeno RZ did not denote high metabolic activity in nematodes of both origins. Conclusions: The different responses observed between populations and/or hosts demonstrate the importance of considering nematodes from different geographical origins when testing plant material for tolerance and/or resistance to N. celatus. Studies of this nature are necessary since they facilitate a more in-depth understanding of the parasite-plant interaction.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: El falso nematodo de la agalla (Nacobbus spp.) comprende especies polífagas, siendo el pimiento (Capsicum annuum) uno de los cultivos más afectados. Debido a la falta de genotipos resistentes del pimiento, comparamos las respuestas de diferentes cultivares comerciales para identificar posibles mecanismos de defensa contra N. celatus. M&M: Nematodos provenientes de Río Cuarto (provincia de Córdoba) y Lisandro Olmos (provincia de Buenos Aires) se inocularon en cultivares de pimiento: California Wonder, Fyuco INTA, Yatasto y Fenomeno RZ. Las plantas se desarrollaron en invernadero y las agallas se analizaron mediante técnicas histopatológicas. Resultados: Las raíces de los cultivares analizados mostraron las alteraciones morfo-anatómicas típicas inducidas por N. celatus: formación de agallas, reacciones de hiperplasia, desarrollo de sincitios en el cilindro central y desorganización de los tejidos vasculares. Las células sincitiales en contacto con hembras de Lisandro Olmos mostraron una reacción de defensa por parte de Fyuco INTA, mientras que los sincitios en Fenomeno RZ denotaron baja actividad metabólica en nematodos de ambas procedencias. Conclusiones: Las diferencias observadas entre las poblaciones y/o hospedadores demuestran la importancia de considerar nematodos de diferentes orígenes geográficos al analizar material vegetal para determinar su tolerancia y/o resistencia a N. celatus. Estudios de esta naturaleza son necesarios ya que facilitan una comprensión más profunda de la interacción parásito-planta.

Summary This contribution is part of the urban ethnobotany research line whose main objective is to study botanical knowledge in the urban and peri-urban environment. This work is oriented to know the ethnospecies (which include plant species and local botanical varieties) used by the Bolivian families of the La Plata horticultural belt for the elaboration of their typical/daily dishes. Six fairs and 22 vegetable and fruit sales stalls in the urban area were surveyed, three of which concentrate the largest number of registered ethnospecies: Solanaceae (13), Cucurbitaceae (8) and Brassicaceae (6); along with the part of the plant that is commercialized, being the fresh fruits in bulk the predominant form (59%). This contribution expands knowledge of the diet of migrants, the uses and adaptation of their gastronomy. In conclusion, the sellers reported that they use all the ethnospecies that they sell in their daily cooking, fulfilling an important role within their home, as well as their crops that increase the local agrobiodiversity.

Resumen Esta contribución se enmarca dentro de la línea de investigación de la etnobotánica urbana que tiene como principal objetivo estudiar el conocimiento botánico en el ámbito urbano y periurbano. Este trabajo está orientado a conocer las etnoespecies (que incluyen especies vegetales y variedades botánicas locales) utilizadas por las familias bolivianas del cinturón hortícola de La Plata para la elaboración de sus platos típicos/cotidianos. El relevamiento se realizó en 6 ferias y 22 puestos de venta de hortalizas y frutas en el ámbito urbano, a partir de estos se realizaron 10 entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas a los vendedores/productores bolivianos en sus sitios de venta. Como resultado se identificaron 61 etnoespecies pertenecientes a 16 familias botánicas, tres de las cuales concentran la mayor cantidad de etnoespecies registradas: Solanaceae (13), Cucurbitaceae (8) y Brassicaceae (6); junto a la parte de la planta que se comercializa, siendo los frutos frescos a granel la forma predominante (59%). Esta contribución amplía el conocimiento de la dieta de los migrantes, los usos y la adaptación de su gastronomía. En conclusión, los vendedores informaron que emplean todas las etnoespecies que comercializan en su cocina diaria cumpliendo un rol importante dentro de su hogar, como así también sus cultivos que aumentan la agrobiodiversidad local.

Abstract Wild plants have been of great importance in the subsistence of the archaeological populations that occupied the Delta of the Paraná River prior to the Spanish conquest. This was unknown until a few years ago, because initially their food was studied through the resources obtained by hunting and fishing, ignoring the importance that the plant world had in the daily life of these peoples. Because of this, the present work aims to be a significant contribution in the beginning of the elaboration of a reference collection of local plants that could have had diverse uses by the inhabitants of the region, in order to reduce biases and begin to identify species that have not been considered so far. Analyses of biosiliceous microrrests were carried out in order to identify diagnostic phytoliths of the species Solanum glaucophyllum Desf., Solanum pseudocapsicum L. and Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. According to the ethnographic record, these species are of economic interest because they are part of the extensive list of edible species of the Solanaceae family.

Resumen Las plantas silvestres han tenido gran importancia en la subsistencia de las poblaciones arqueológicas que ocuparon el Delta del Paraná en momentos previos a la conquista española. Esto fue desconocido hasta hace pocos años, ya que en un comienzo se estudiaba su dieta a través de los recursos obtenidos mediante la caza y la pesca, ignorando la importancia que el mundo vegetal tenía en la vida cotidiana de estas personas. Debido a esto, el presente trabajo busca ser un aporte en el inicio de la confección de una colección de referencia de plantas locales que podrían haber tenido diversos usos por parte de los habitantes de la región, con el fin de reducir los sesgos, y empezar a identificar especies que no han sido contempladas hasta el momento. Se realizaron análisis de microrrestos biosilíceos en orden de identificar los silicofitolitos diagnósticos de las especies Solanum glaucophyllum Desf., Solanum pseudocapsicum L. y, Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. De acuerdo al registro etnográfico estas especies son de interés económico porque forman parte del amplio listado de especies comestibles de la familia Solanaceae.

ABSTRACT Semi-hydroponic systems are an alternative for vegetable production, combining inert substrates and nutrient solutions and requiring less water. Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable species of the Solanaceae family that is mainly grown in protected environments, which provide several financial and agronomic advantages for their management. Advancements in research and the need for high-quality productions have significantly contributed to this horticultural crop through the selection of productive cultivars with high economic yields and adapted to favorable conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, physiological, and production characteristics of colored bell pepper cultivars in a semi-hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, using four colored pepper cultivars (Spinel, Bachata, Fulgor, and Red Jet), five evaluation times (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after transplanting - DAT) for growth variables, and evaluations at two developmental stages (45 and 95 DAT) for physiological variables. Production and post-harvest variables were not evaluated in different times, considering only the cultivar factor, with five replications, each plot consisting of two plants. Chlorophyll a and b, maximum fluorescence, and water use efficiency were greater in bell pepper plants of the cultivar Spinel. The sweetest fruits were those of the cultivar Bachata. The cultivar Fulgor was the most suitable for growth under the studied conditions due to its greater fruit length and diameter and total fruit weight. Semihydroponic Semi hydroponic Capsicum L. L environments management highquality quality semihydroponic semi system design Spinel, Spinel (Spinel Bachata Jet, Jet , Jet) 7, 7 (7 14 21 28 3 DAT 45 (4 9 postharvest post harvest factor replications b fluorescence weight ( 1 2 4

RESUMO O sistema semi-hidropônico é uma alternativa para a produção de hortaliças, pois combina substrato inerte e solução nutritiva, necessitando de menos água. O pimentão é uma hortaliça da família Solanaceae, principalmente produzida em ambiente protegido, apresentando diversas vantagens financeiras e agronômicas no seu manejo. Com os avanços nas pesquisas e a necessidade de uma produção de qualidade, selecionar cultivares produtivas e com alto rendimento econômico, adaptadas às condições favoráveis, torna-se um grande avanço para esta cultura hortícola. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento, características fisiológicas e produtivas das cultivares Red Jet, Spinel, Bachata e Fulgor em sistema semi-hidropônico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro cultivares de pimentão colorido (Spinel, Bachata, Fulgor e Red Jet) subdivididas em cinco épocas de avaliação (7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após transplantio - DAT) para as variáveis de crescimento e duas épocas (45 e 95 DAT) de avaliação para fisiologia. As variáveis produtivas e pós-colheita não foram subdivididas no tempo, levando-se em consideração apenas o fator cultivar para estas variáveis, com cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por duas plantas. Os índices de clorofila a e b, fluorescência máxima e eficiência no uso da água foram maiores nas plantas de pimentão da cultivar Spinel. Os frutos mais doces foram obtidos com a cultivar Bachata. A cultivar Fulgor foi a mais indicada para cultivo nas condições estudadas devido ao maior comprimento, diâmetro e peso médio dos frutos. semihidropônico semi hidropônico hortaliças nutritiva Solanaceae protegido manejo qualidade econômico favoráveis tornase torna se hortícola Jet Spinel semihidropônico. hidropônico. (Spinel 7, 7 (7 14 21 2 3 DAT 45 (4 9 fisiologia póscolheita pós colheita tempo levandose levando repetições b comprimento ( 1 4

Abstract Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been a very important resources in the daily life of the Peruvian population, research related to this resource being of importance. This study aimed to conduct an ethnobotanical investigation and determine the cultural importance of medicinal plants in the Quinua district (Huamanga, Ayacucho). Specimens of wild medicinal flora were collected, and open and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the local residents. A total of 115 medicinal plant species were identified, grouped into 44 families and 90 genera. The families with the highest representation of species were Asteraceae (33 spp.), Fabaceae (10 spp.), Lamiaceae (seven spp.), and Solanaceae (five spp.). A total of 17 subcategories of ailments and/or diseases are registered, with disorders of the digestive system, genitourinary system, inflammations, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, and cultural syndromes having the highest number of species, with 101, 76, 76, 64, 59, and 50 species, respectively. The most culturally important medicinal plants identified were Urtica urens, Equisetum bogotense, Plantago major, Oenothera rosea, Tara spinosa, Ambrosia arborescens, Clinopodium brevicalyx, Lupinus ballianus, Schinus molle, and Clinopodium breviflorum. In conclusion, the residents of the Quinua district possess extensive knowledge of medicinal plants and continue to use them within traditional medicine.

Resumen Desde tiempos remotos las plantas medicinales han constituido un recurso muy importante en la vida diaria del poblador peruano, por ello la importancia de estudios relacionados a este recurso. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar un estudio etnobotánico y determinar la importancia cultural de las plantas medicinales del distrito de Quinua (Huamanga, Ayacucho). Se recolectaron especímenes de la flora medicinal silvestre y se formularon entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas a los pobladores del lugar. Se reportan 115 especies medicinales agrupadas en 90 géneros y 44 familias con mayor representación de especies en Asteraceae (33 spp.), Fabaceae (10 spp.), Lamiaceae (siete spp.) y Solanaceae (cinco spp.). Se registran 17 subcategorías de dolencias y/o enfermedades, siendo los trastornos del sistema digestivo, sistema genitourinario, inflamaciones, sistema músculo esquelético, sistema respiratorio y síndromes culturales los que mayor número de especies presentaron con 101, 76, 76, 64, 59 y 50 especies, respectivamente. Las plantas medicinales de mayor importancia cultural son Urtica urens, Equisetum bogotense, Plantago major, Oenothera rosea, Tara spinosa, Ambrosia arborescens, Clinopodium brevicalyx, Lupinus ballianus, Schinus molle y Clinopodium breviflorum. Finalmente, los pobladores del distrito de Quinua poseen un gran conocimiento sobre las plantas medicinales y aún las siguen utilizando dentro de la medicina tradicional.

Native to South America, Solanum viarum Dunal (tropical soda apple; Solanaceae) is naturalised in several countries globally. The plant is a major invader in the southern USA, but has minor weed status in South Africa. We investigated whether S. viarum has escaped natural enemy pressure or has recruited insect herbivores from the local Solanum flora, which are exerting some level of biotic resistance. Insect species richness and abundance and the resulting levels of herbivory were compared between plants from sympatric populations of S. viarum and the native Solanum dasyphyllum Schumacher and Thonning in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands. Foliage, floral material, and fruits were collected across seasons from 20 plants of each species and assessed in the laboratory. Despite no significant differences between the two species in the size of the sampled plants, S. viarum displayed significantly lower insect herbivore diversity and abundance and suffered significantly lower levels of damage to its photosynthetic and reproductive tissues. Five of the 11 specialist herbivore species recorded on S. dasyphyllum were associated with S. viarum, but in substantially lower numbers and in fewer samples. The flowerbud-galling moth Scrobipalpa sp. (Gelechiidae), which prevents fruiting in S. dasyphyllum, was absent on S. viarum and indicative of the negligible floral damage on S. viarum. Although the fruit of S. viarum were occasionally utilised by specialist herbivores, seed damage was similarly negligible. Due to its release from specialist natural enemies and with no evidence of biotic resistance, S. viarum may increase in weed status in South Africa.

Abstract Herbaceous plants are important elements in coffee plantations of any producing region, coexisting in different degrees with coffee and woody plants. The objective of this study was to identify the principal herbaceous species present within one of the main coffee-producing strips in the state, analyzing seven coffee regions sampling 27 sites. 167 morphotypes were identified of which 148 were taxonomically determined to species level belonging to 52 botanical families. The families Asteraceae and Poaceae were the richest families with 20 and 21 species respectively; followed by Convolvulaceae and Fabaceae with 7 species each; and Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae and Solanaceae with six species each; the first two families have about the half of all individuals registered in the entire work. The families with the highest IVI were: Commelinaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Crassulaceae; and the species with the highest IVI were: Bidens pilosa, Commelina coelestis, Melampodium divaricatum, Pseudechinolaena polystachya and Commelina erecta, respectively. The results showed that some variables such as altitude and precipitation have a significant influence on the diversity of weed species throughout the central zone of the state of Veracruz.

Resumen Las arvenses son elementos importantes dentro de los cafetales de cualquier región productora, coexistiendo en diferentes grados con el cafeto y especies leñosas asociadas. El objetivo fue identificar las especies de arvenses presentes "en la principal zona productora de café en el estado de Veracruz, analizando siete regiones cafetaleras muestreando 27 sitios. Se registraron 167 morfotipos de arvenses, de las cuales se determinaron taxonómicamente 148 hasta nivel de especie pertenecientes a 52 familias botánicas. Las familias Asteraceae y Poaceae fueron las más ricas en especies con 20 y 21 respectivamente, seguidas de Lamiaceae con 8 especies, Convolvulaceae y Fabaceae cada una con 7 especies, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae y Solanaceae con seis especies cada una; las dos primeras familias acumulan alrededor de la mitad de los individuos registrados en todo el trabajo. Las familias con los valores más altos del Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) fueron: Commelinaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Crassulaceae; las especies con mayor IVI fueron: Bidens pilosa, Commelina coelestis, Melampodium divaricatum, Pseudechinolaena polystachya y Commelina erecta. Se logró identificar que variables como la altitud y precipitación tienen una influencia significativa sobre la diversidad de especies de arvenses a lo largo de la zona centro del estado de Veracruz.

Resumo Na região montanhosa ocidental de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão, no distrito de Shangla, encontramos Physalis ixocarpa pela primeira vez, ainda não relatada nesse país. A P. ixocarpa não foi identificada e não possui registro etnobotânico na flora do Paquistão. É membro da família Solanaceae e tem estreita relação com Solanum tuberosum e Lycopersicon esculentum. O caule é rastejante com um padrão dicotômico de ramos com folhas, flores e frutos. As folhas são lisas e ovais e as margens da dentição da lâmina foliar são pouco desenvolvidas. O comprimento e a largura médios das folhas são de 6,50 e 3,61 cm, respectivamente. A P. ixocarpa cresce aproximadamente 120-150 cm de comprimento e é uma planta anual. As flores das plantas são de cor amarela com manchas roxas nas pétalas em forma de estrela. Os frutos redondos da baga são rodeados por cálice persistente e de cor roxa. Os frutos têm 3-6 cm de diâmetro. As plantas são encontradas em diferentes localidades do distrito de Shangla, especialmente em Bar e Koz Kana. O ciclo de vida da planta reportado é iniciado em maio e concluído em novembro.

Abstract In the western mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan at the Shangla district, we found Physalis ixocarpa for the first time, not yet reported from Pakistan. Physalis ixocarpa was unidentified and has no ethnobotanical record in the flora of Pakistan. It is a member of family Solanaceae and having a close relation with Solanum tuberosum and Lycopersicon esculentum. The stem is prostrate with a dichotomous pattern of branches having leaves flower and fruits. Leaves are smooth, ovate and the margins of leaf blade dentation are poorly developed. The average length and width of the leaves are 6.50 and 3.61 cm respectively. P. ixocarpa grows to the length of 4-5 feet and an annual herb. The flowers of the plants are yellow in color and having purple color spots on the petals which are star-shaped. The round berry fruits are surrounded by persistent calyx and purple in color. The fruits are the 3-6cm in diameter. The plants are found in the different localities of district Shangla especially in Bar and Koz Kana. The life cycle of reporting plant is started in May and completed in November.

Abstract A complete protocol of Nolana intonsa I. M. Johnst, micropropagation was developed. The culture media used were WPM, DKW, and MS as control. DKW medium produced the best results over in vitro development of N. intonsa, generating a significant increase in the multiplication rate, lateral shoots formation, height, and general quality of the plantlets. In the case of fresh weight, dry weight, and water content, no differences were observed between MS and DKW, but a significant decrease in these parameters was produced when the WPM medium was used. Subsequently, when DKW was defined as basal medium, the effect of auxin supplementation was also evaluated. The addition of IBA generated a desirable effect over the in vitro plantlets. The addition of 0.05 mg L-1 of IBA improve the multiplication rate, the shoot's development, plant's height, and reduced in a significant way the damage to the plantlets. Fresh weight, dry weight, and water contents also showed a significant increase when IBA supplementation was added to the DKW medium. The plants where acclimatization of the plantlets was possible, obtaining finished pot plants capable of growth under greenhouse conditions. The development of a micropropagation protocol of N. intonsa could help the conservation and sustainable utilization of this endemic Chilean species. I M Johnst developed control N rate formation height weight content Subsequently evaluated 005 0 05 0.0 L1 L 1 L- shoot s plant possible conditions species 00 0.

Resumo Um protocolo eficiente de micropropagação foi desenvolvido para Nolana intosa I. M. Johnst. Os meios de cultura utilizados foram WPM, DKW e MS como controle. O meio DKW produziu os melhores resultados sobre o desenvolvimento in vitro de N. intonsa, gerando aumento significativo a taxa de multiplicação, formação de brotos laterais, altura e qualidade geral das plântulas. No caso de peso fresco, peso seco e teor de água, não foram observadas diferenças entre MS e DKW, e redução significativa nesses parâmetros foi produzida quando o meio WPM foi usado. Posteriormente, quando DKW foi definido como meio basal, o efeito da suplementação de auxina também foi avaliado. A adição de AIB gerou um efeito favorável sobre as plântulas in vitro. A adição de 0,05 mg L-1 de AIB melhorou a taxa de multiplicação (organogênese), o desenvolvimento da parte aérea, a altura da planta e reduziu de forma significativa os danos nas mudas. O peso fresco, o peso seco e os teores de água também mostraram um aumento significativo quando a suplementação de AIB foi adicionada ao meio DKW. Por fim, foi possível a aclimatação das mudas, obtendo-se plantas de vasos prontas capazes de crescer em casa de vegetação. O desenvolvimento de um protocolo de micropropagação de N. intonsa pode auxiliar na conservação e utilização sustentável desta espécie endêmica do Chile. I M Johnst controle N laterais fresco usado Posteriormente basal avaliado 005 0 05 0,0 L1 L 1 L- organogênese, organogênese , (organogênese) aérea mudas fim obtendose obtendo se vegetação Chile 00 0, (organogênese

Abstract We present here a floristic survey of the angiosperms found in the Reserva Ecológica Olho d’Água das Onças (REODO) in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil, to provide a basis for proactive conservation projects there. Fifteen excursions were carried out between August/2022 and April/2024 employing traditional methods of collecting and herborization of botanical material. The collections obtained were incorporated into the Manuel de Arruda Câmara Herbarium (HACAM) at the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus I. We examined the floristic relationships between the study area and 15 other floristic surveys throughout the semiarid region of Paraíba State using a similarity analysis based on the Jaccard index. Two hundred and fifty species distributed among 168 genera and 50 families of angiosperms were identified with the following growth forms: herbaceous (74 spp.), subshrub (60 spp.), shrub (48 spp.), climber (45 spp.), arboreal (17 spp.), epiphytic (3 spp.), and parasitic (3 spp.). The most representative families were Fabaceae (38 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (24 spp.), Convolvulaceae (19 spp.), Malvaceae (18 spp.), Asteraceae (11 spp.), and Poaceae (11 spp.). The most representative genera were Ipomoea L. (8 spp.), Croton L. (7 spp.), Sida L. (7 spp.), Chamaecrista (L.) Moench (6 spp.), and Mimosa L. (5 spp.). Heteropterys arcuata C. Pessoa & Amorim (Malpighiaceae) and Solanum fernandesii V.S. Samp. & R. Moura (Solanaceae) were recorded for the first time in Paraíba State; Urvillea stipitata Radlk (Sapindaceae) represents a new record for the Caatinga. Similarity analysis revealed that the flora of REODO is more closely related to that of protected areas throughout the semiarid region of Paraíba State, underscoring its conservation priority. The study area was therefore found to contain significant floristic richness, especially within the context of the Caatinga, with 30 species endemics to this domain. dÁgua d Água (REODO Brazil there August2022 August 2022 August/202 April2024 April 2024 April/202 material HACAM (HACAM UEPB, UEPB , (UEPB) I 1 index 16 5 forms 74 spp., spp spp. spp.) 60 48 (4 45 17 (1 3 ( spp.. . 38 24 (2 19 18 11 L 8 7 (L. 6 C Malpighiaceae (Malpighiaceae VS V S V.S Samp R Solanaceae (Solanaceae Sapindaceae (Sapindaceae Caatinga priority richness domain August202 202 August/20 April202 April/20 (UEPB 4 2 (L August20 20 August/2 April20 April/2 August2 August/ April2 April/

Resumo O presente estudo compreende o levantamento florístico das angiospermas da Reserva Ecológica Olho d’Água das Onças (REODO), Picuí, semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil, objetivando fornecer a base para projetos conservacionistas na área. Foram realizadas 15 incursões durante o período de agosto de 2022 e abril de 2024, seguindo os métodos usuais de coleta e herborização de material botânico. A coleção obtida foi incorporada ao Herbário Manuel de Arruda Câmara (HACAM), pertencente à Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), Campus I. Verificaram-se as conexões da flora da área estudada com outras áreas do semiárido paraibano por meio de uma análise de similaridade com base no índice de Jaccard, considerando outros 15 estudos florísticos. Nós encontramos 250 espécies distribuídas em 168 gêneros e 50 famílias de angiospermas pertencentes aos hábitos: herbáceo (74 spp.), subarbustivo (60 spp.), arbustivo (48 spp.), trepador (45 spp.), arbóreo (17 spp.), epifítico (3 spp.) e parasita (3 spp.). As famílias mais representativas foram: Fabaceae (38 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (24 spp.), Convolvulaceae (19 spp.), Malvaceae (18 spp.), Asteraceae (11 spp.) e Poaceae (11 spp.), e dentre os gêneros, Ipomoea L. (8 spp.), Croton L. (7 spp.), Sida L. (7 spp.), Chamaecrista (L.) Moench (6 spp.) e Mimosa L. (5 spp.) foram os mais numerosos. Heteropterys arcuata C. Pessoa & Amorim (Malpighiaceae) e Solanum fernandesii V.S. Samp. & R. Moura (Solanaceae) são registradas pela primeira vez para o Estado da Paraíba, e Urvillea stipitata Radlk (Sapindaceae) é um novo registro para a Caatinga. A análise de similaridade evidenciou que a flora da REODO é mais similar às das áreas protegidas no Estado da Paraíba, demonstrando a importância do seu reconhecimento como área prioritária para a conservação. Em suma, evidenciamos que a área de estudo apresenta uma expressiva riqueza florística especialmente no contexto da Caatinga, contando com 30 espécies endêmicas deste domínio. dÁgua d Água REODO, , (REODO) Picuí Brasil 1 202 2024 botânico HACAM, HACAM (HACAM) UEPB, UEPB (UEPB) I Verificaramse Verificaram se Jaccard florísticos 25 16 5 hábitos 74 spp., spp spp. 60 48 (4 45 17 (1 3 ( spp.. . 38 24 (2 19 18 11 L 8 7 (L. 6 numerosos C Malpighiaceae (Malpighiaceae VS V S V.S Samp R Solanaceae (Solanaceae Sapindaceae (Sapindaceae Caatinga conservação suma domínio (REODO 20 (HACAM (UEPB 2 4 (L

ABSTRACT Plants with continuous or periodic submersion capacity, of at least the root system, are considered aquatic or marsh. Part of these plants are within Solanaceae, a family of cosmopolitan distribution, with about 97 genera and 2700 species, of which, a minority are found in seasonally flooded environments. This work aimed to carry out a survey and present a taxonomic treatment of Solanaceae species of aquatic and marsh environments in Recôncavo of Bahia. Plant material was collected between 2009 and 2023. Fourteen species distributed in five genera were registered. Illustrations and comments about the diagnostic characters are provided, as well as distribution maps on the study area. Solanum, as the most diversified genus in the family, is the richest genus in the study area. The data obtained until now is very important to elaborate conservation strategies of these environments and contribute to the taxonomy of groups present in these freshwater ecosystems. capacity system 9 270 which Bahia 200 2023 registered provided area Solanum ecosystems 27 20 202 2

RESUMO Plantas com capacidade de submersão contínua ou periódica, pelo menos do sistema radicular, são consideradas aquáticas ou palustres. Parte dessas plantas pertence a Solanaceae, uma família de distribuição cosmopolita, com aproximadamente 97 gêneros e 2700 espécies, das quais, uma minoria encontra-se em ambientes sazonalmente inundados. Este trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento e apresentar um tratamento taxonômico de espécies de Solanaceae ocorrentes em ambientes aquáticos e palustres no Recôncavo da Bahia. O material botânico foi coletado entre 2009 e 2023. Foram registradas 14 espécies distribuídas em cinco gêneros. São fornecidos ilustrações e comentários sobre as características diagnósticas, bem como mapa de distribuição na área de estudo. Solanum, o gênero mais diverso da família, é o mais representativo na área de estudo. Os dados obtidos até o momento, são muito importantes para elaborar estratégias de conservação destes ambientes e contribuir para a taxonomia dos grupos presentes nesses ecossistemas de água doce. periódica radicular cosmopolita 9 270 quais encontrase encontra se inundados Bahia 200 2023 1 diagnósticas estudo Solanum momento doce 27 20 202 2

Abstract The increasing need for sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides has driven the analysis of extracts from Solanum habrochaites, a wild tomato, through fractionated column chromatography. Potential bioactive compounds for pest management, a clean and promising biotechnological solution, have been reported from this plant. The objective is to provide detailed gas chromatography data, including peaks, structural formulas, and retention indices for the extracts of S. habrochaites aerial parts. Column chromatographic analysis was conducted with five fractions (F1, F2, F5, F3, and F4) of S. habrochaites extracts. Long-chain hydrocarbons such as hexadecanoic acid and docosano were identified in the F1 fraction; fatty acid esters, including hexadecanoate and octadecenoate ethyls in the F2 and methyl ketones, with tridecan-2-one as the major component in the F5, while no identifiable compounds were disclosed in the F3 and F4 fractions. The column chromatography provided valuable insights into compounds in the F1, F2, and F5 fractions of S. habrochaites extracts, highlighting fatty acid esters, long-chain hydrocarbons, and methyl ketones. The bioactive compounds, from extracts of this plant, including the first record of the docosanoate, hexadecanoate and octadecanoate ethyls in S. habrochaites and Solanaceae, reinforces their promising biological application in different areas of science. tomato management solution plant data peaks formulas S parts F (F1 Longchain Long chain fraction esters ketones tridecan2one tridecanone tridecan 2 one longchain long docosanoate Solanaceae science (F

Resumo A crescente necessidade por alternativas sustentáveis no manejo de pragas motivou a análise de extratos de plantas do tomate silvestre, Solanum habrochaites, por cromatografia em coluna de fração. O objetivo foi detalhar resultados da cromatografia gasosa, incluindo picos, fórmulas estruturais e índices de retenção para compostos de extratos de partes aéreas de S. habrochaites. A análise cromatográfica em coluna foi realizada para cinco frações (F1, F2, F5, F3 e F4) dos extratos de S. habrochaites. Hidrocarbonetos de cadeia longa, como ácidos hexadecanóico e docosanoato, foram identificados na fração F1; ácidos graxos, incluindo hexadecanoato de etila e octadecanoato de etila na F2 e metilcetonas, com tridecan-2-ona como o composto majoritário, na F5 e nenhum composto nas frações F3 e F4. A análise dos extratos de S. habrochaites, por cromatografia em coluna, identificou compostos nas frações F1, F2 e F5, desta planta, destacando ésteres de ácidos graxos, metilcetonas e hidrocarbonetos de cadeia longa e o primeiro relato dos docosanoato, hexadecanoato e octadecanoato nessa planta e em Solanaceae. silvestre habrochaites gasosa picos S F1 F (F1 F4 docosanoato graxos tridecan2ona tridecanona tridecan 2 ona majoritário Solanaceae (F