Two poly(acrylic acid-b-acrylamide) copolymers, and a poly(acrylic acid) homopolymer were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and tested for nickel removal from aqueous media. RAFT was used for better interchain composition homogeneity and to facilitate the synthesis of the block copolymers. Liquid-phase polymer-based retention (LPR) was used to compare the nickel binding capacity. Uptake tests were carried out at pH 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0. Nickel adsorption isotherms in the range of 1 to 7 mmol L−1 were achieved and the Langmuir adsorption model was applied. Maximum binding capacity (Qm) of Ni2+ at 298 K depended on the composition of the copolymers and pH. The polyacid block (PAA) was the major structural feature responsible for high values of nickel binding. All materials presented better uptake at higher pH, probably due to polyacid deprotonation and the increase in the electrostatic interactions. Up to approximately 100 mg of nickel per gram of homopolymer could be retained at pH = 5.0. Even though the presence of a poly(acrylamide) block decreases the binding capacity compared to PAA, that block has a specific contribution to nickel binding and can also provide better features to the material as better solubilization, and others.

Accurate knowledge of electronic molecular properties of excited states is fundamental for understanding the behavior of functional materials for organic electronics and sensors. In this work, we focus on determining the properties of the most intense peak in the electronic absorption spectra of organic molecules. For this purpose, we employed the quantum chemistry QM-symex dataset, which has approximately 173,000 organic molecules and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) data of the first ten electronic absorption transitions. Each one is identified by its Cartesian coordinates. From data in the original QM-symex, we built a new dataset named QM symex-modif that contains molecules in simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) format and properties related to the main electronic transition. We then employed twenty machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate oscillator strengths, excitation energies, transition orbitals, and the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs). As inputs for the ML algorithms, we used several chemical descriptors for each molecule generated in the RDKit tool employing the corresponding SMILES format. The generated input descriptors significantly improved the accuracy of the ML predictions for these key photophysical properties. Very good mean absolute errors (MAEs) were obtained for the test set composed of 45,056 molecules, namely, an MAE of 0.035 for oscillator strengths, 0.09 eV for excitation energies, 1.24 and 0.62 for the initial and final transition molecular orbital (MO) numbers (i.e., for each molecule, their position in the MO listing), respectively, and 0.014 for HOMO numbers, with coefficient of determination (R2) values consistently exceeding 0.94, thus demonstrating the accuracy of the models. Additionally, a Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) analysis was carried out to evaluate the importance of the input parameters for the investigated ML models. We found several interesting relationships involving the input parameters. In particular, molecular weight holds significant importance in our ML models for determining the target HOMO numbers and the transition orbitals.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and adsorptive characterization of Fe tailing collected in the district of Brumadinho; and verify its effect on Raphanus sativus germination. The material was collected on the surface layer (0-20 cm) and disintegrated for pH, redox potential – Eh, electrical conductivity – EC, OM, cation exchange capacity – CEC, specific surface area – SSA and functional groups characterization. Adsorption studies were conducted using methylene blue (MB). The results of the adsorption studies were analyzed using kinetic models (Elovich, pseudo-first order – PFO and pseudo-second order – PSO) and isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir and Sips). The tailing has an acidic pH (5.60), negative ΔpH (-0.30) and low CEC (1.85 cmolc g-1). A high MB adsorption efficiency (96%) was verified. The Elovich model (0.9248<R2<0.9858) best represented the chemical kinetics, and the Freundlich model best describes the MB adsorption process in the tailing (R2 = 0.9609). The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was equal to 15.08 mg g-1. The presence of Fe tailing positively influenced the germination of R. sativus seeds (73.8%), but stem and root growth were inferior when compared to seedlings cultivated in compost substrate. It is concluded that the material has favorable cationic adsorption capacity, which can benefit soil fertilization. However, R. sativus development was minor in Fe tailing substrate, probably due to low CEC, OM and nutrient availability.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a caracterização físico-química e adsortiva do rejeito de Fe coletado no distrito de Brumadinho; e verificar seu efeito na germinação de Raphanus sativus. O material foi coletado na camada superficial (0–20 cm) e desintegrado para determinação de pH, potencial redox (Eh), condutividade elétrica (EC), matéria orgânica (MO), capacidade de troca catiônica (CEC), área superficial específica (SSA) e de grupos funcionais. Estudos de adsorção foram conduzidos utilizando azul de metileno (MB). Os resultados dos estudos de adsorção foram analisados utilizando modelos cinéticos (Elovich, pseudoprimeira ordem – PFO e pseudossegunda ordem – PSO) e modelos isotérmicos (Freundlich, Langmuir e Sips). O rejeito apresenta pH ácido (5,60), ΔpH negativo (-0,30) e baixa CEC (1,85 cmolc g-1). Foi verificada alta eficiência de adsorção de MB (96%). O modelo de Elovich (0,9248 < R2 < 0,9858) representou melhor a cinética química e o modelo de Freundlich descreveu melhor o processo de adsorção de MB no rejeito (R2 = 0,9609). A capacidade máxima de adsorção (qm) foi igual a 15,08 mg g-1. A presença de rejeito de Fe influenciou positivamente a germinação de sementes de R. sativus (73,8%), mas o crescimento do caule e da raiz foi inferior quando comparado às mudas cultivadas em substrato composto. Conclui-se que o material tem capacidade de adsorção catiônica favorável, o que pode beneficiar a fertilização do solo. No entanto, o desenvolvimento de R. sativus foi menor no substrato de rejeito de Fe, provavelmente devido à baixa CTC, MO e disponibilidade de nutrientes.

ORIENTATION: It is widely acknowledged that career development needs to be viewed as a critical element by organisations to capacitate employees and contribute to organisational success. The role of career development in capacitating leaders to ensure effective quality management (QM) of training is not well known. RESEARCH PURPOSE: This research aimed to investigate officers in corps training units' perceptions regarding the role of career development in managing the quality of training in the South African (SA) Army. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Limited research exists concerning the career development of leaders responsible for the QM of training internationally and nationally. This study intended to fill the gap.. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD: Qualitative focus group interviews were conducted using a sample comprising 49 officers at six SA Army corps training units. MAIN FINDINGS: The appointment of unqualified and incompetent leaders in critical positions, lack of continuity in the staffing of personnel, the appointment of incompetent personnel in training positions and the lack of mentors and opportunities for mentoring of officers adversely affected the QM of training in the SA Army. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: There is a need for leaders in the SA Army to ensure that career development strategies are adequately planned and managed in the training context. This will ensure that leaders with adequate potential are appointed and developed to guarantee high-quality training. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This research provided an empirical description of the role that career development plays in the organisational system to ensure adequate QM of training.

RESUMEN La Genisteína (5,7,4′-trihidroxiisoflavona) es una isoflavona abundante en la soya y otras legumbres y actúa como modulador selectivo del receptor de estrógenos. Al probar capacidades similares entre otros flavonoides, se encontró que es un fuerte inhibidor de la topoisomerasa. Al igual que algunos medicamentos de quimioterapia, es muy tóxico para células sanas. Se evaluó la adsorción de genisteína en la superficie de grafeno exclusivo y grafeno dopado con Ni, Ti, Cr y Se mediante la teoría funcional de la densidad. Inicialmente, variamos la posición de genisteína de la superficie del grafeno prístino y decorado cambiando las distancias entre (1-5 Å) y obtuvimos el Ead y Egap. El cálculo indicó que las energías de adsorción (Ead) de genisteína prístina a grafeno con grafeno decorado con Ni, grafeno decorado con Ti y grafeno decorado con Cr y grafeno decorado con Se son: 954.984, 318.168, 797.480, 946.725, 958.154 kcal / mole, y los valores calculados de la energía de adsorción en la distancia de equilibrio (de=3.918OA.) Los datos revelan que el grafeno decorado con genisteína-Ni es la posición más favorable energéticamente. Adicionalmente, explicamos la densidad de estados (Doss) y los orbitales moleculares de frontera HOMO y LUMO para el grafeno decorado con Ni y los complejos con genisteína; se confirmó que podría lograrse una carga positiva de grafeno decorado con Ni para moléculas de nucleófilos.

ABSTRACT Genistein (5,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone) is an isoflavone abundantly found in soy and other legumes and acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). When testing for similar abilities among other flavonoids, it has been found to be a strong topoisomerase inhibitor. Similar to some high-dose chemotherapy drugs, it was strongly toxic to normal cells. In this study, the adsorption of genistein on the surface of exclusive graphene and Ni, Ti, Cr, and Se-doped graphene was theoretically evaluated by means of density functional theory calculation. Initially, we varied the position of genistein from the surface of pristine and decorated graphene by changing the distances between (1-5 Å) and gained the Ead and Egap for each situation. Our calculation indicated that adsorption energies (Ead) of pristine genistein to graphene with Ni decorated graphene, Ti-decorated graphene, and Cr-decorated graphene and Se-decorated graphene are: 954.984, 318.168, 797.480, 946.725, 958.154 kcal/mole, respectively, and the calculated values of adsorption energy in the equilibrium distance (de=3.918OA.) of genistein to Ni-decorated graphene reveal that apparently genistein- Ni-decorated graphene as the most energetically favorable position was correctly selected in comparison with other atom-decorated graphene. In consequence, we explain the density of states (Doss) and frontier molecular orbitals HOMO and LUMO for Ni-decorated graphene and complexes with genistein; therefore, data confirmed that a positive charge of Ni-decorated graphene for nucleophile molecules could be achieved.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da antibioticoterapia associada à vacinação sobre a taxa de cura microbiológica de mastite subclínica causada por Staphylococcus aureus em vacas leiteiras em lactação. Foram selecionados 5 rebanhos, dos quais 72 vacas (120 quartos mamários, QM) foram diagnosticadas com mastite subclínica por S. aureus e foram alocadas aleatoriamente em um de três grupos de tratamento: a) Controle (sem tratamento); b) ATB (antibioticoterapia); e c) ATB+VAC (antibioticoterapia mais vacinação contra S. aureus). O tratamento intramamário consistiu em infusão de ampicilina 75 mg + cloxacilina 200 mg duas vezes ao dia, durante 5 dias. O tratamento parenteral foi feito por injeção de uma dose única (7,5 mg/kg) de enrofloxacina, no primeiro dia do protocolo de tratamento. As vacas vacinadas receberam três doses de uma vacina comercial, 14 dias antes do tratamento (d-14), no primeiro dia do protocolo de tratamento (d1) e 14 dias após o protocolo de tratamento (d+14). A taxa de cura das vacas não tratadas foi menor (0,06) do que das vacas tratadas com ATB (0,84) e ATB+VAC (0,85). Não foi observada diferença de taxa de cura entre vacas tratadas com ATB e ATB+VAC. Por outro lado, as vacas vacinadas apresentaram menor a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) após 28 dias de tratamento (4,76 log10) do que em vacas não tratadas (5,37 log10). Em conclusão, o tratamento com ampicilina e cloxacilina intramamária, associados à enrofloxacina intramuscular, apresentou alta taxa de cura para MSC causada por S. aureus durante a lactação. A utilização da vacinação contra S. aureus associada à antibioticoterapia não aumentou a taxa de cura dos QM durante a lactação, mas foi eficaz na redução do CCS quando comparada à QM não tratados. Entretanto, para ter certeza que a diminuição da CCS no grupo ATB+VAC estivesse associada à vacinação, o estudo deveria ter incluído um grupo adicional de apenas vacas vacinadas, sem terapia antimicrobiana, o que não foi feito no presente estudo e, portanto, é um das limitações do protocolo experimental utilizado.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the antibiotic therapy associated with vaccination on the microbiological cure rate of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in lactating dairy cows. A total of five herds, from which 72 cows (120 mammary quarters - MQ) were diagnosed with S. aureus subclinical mastitis, were included in this study. Cows were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: a) Control (no treatment); b) ATB (antibiotic therapy); and c) ATB+VAC (antibiotic therapy plus vaccination against S. aureus). Intramammary treatment consisted of twice-daily infusion of ampicillin 75mg + cloxacillin 200mg, for 5 days. Parenteral treatment was done by injection of a single dose (7.5mg/kg) of enrofloxacin, on the first day of the treatment protocol. Vaccinated cows received three doses of a commercial vaccine 14 days before treatment (d-14), on the first day of treatment protocol (d1), and 14 days after the treatment protocol (d+14). Non-treated cows had a lower cure rate (0.06) than cows treated with ATB (0.84) and ATB+VAC (0.85). No difference in cure rate was observed between cows treated with ATB and ATB+VAC. On the other hand, vaccinated cows had lower somatic cell count (SCC) after 28 days of the treatment protocols (4.76 log10) than non-treated cows (5.37 log10). In conclusion, treatment with intramammary ampicillin and cloxacillin, associated with intramuscular enrofloxacin presented a high cure rate for SCM caused by S. aureus during lactation. The use of vaccination against S. aureus in association with antibiotic therapy did not increase the cure rate of MQ during lactation, but it was effective in reducing the SCC when compared to non-treated MQ. Although to ensure that the decrease of the SCC in ATB+VAC group was associated with the vaccination, the study should have included an additional group of only vaccinated cows, without antimicrobial therapy, with was not done in the present study, and therefore is one of the limitations of the experimental protocol used.

A visão indeterminista inspirada pela Escola de Copenhague – proposta, em 1927, pelo físico dinamarquês Niels Bohr e que articula o princípio da incerteza de Werner Heisenberg e a equação de onda de Erwin Schrödinger – tornou-se a interpretação hegemônica da Mecânica Quântica (MQ). Albert Einstein adotou uma visão bastante crítica em relação a este modo de descrever os processos atinentes à intimidade da matéria, considerando a MQ uma teoria incompleta. Louis De Broglie, já em 1927, propõe uma concepção alternativa – interpretação da onda piloto –, na qual se considera a MQ uma teoria determinística. Vinte e cinco anos depois, David Bohm desenvolve, na mesma lógica, a Teoria do Potencial Quântico, não-relativística, cujas ideias de destaque incluem as variáveis ocultas e a não localidade. Com base nessas breves considerações, o presente artigo tem por objetivo (1) apresentar os aspectos essenciais da Interpretação de Copenhague da MQ, (2) criticar tal perspectiva do ponto de vista do paradoxo EPR (Einstein, Podolsky e Rosen) e do “Gato de Schrödinger” e (3) analisar a abordagem matemática e as consequências filosóficas da MQ de David Bohm (MQ-B).

The indeterministic view advocated by the Copenhagen School – proposed in 1927 by danish physicist Niels Bohr and which articulates Werner Heisenberg’s principle of uncertainty and Erwin Schrödinger’s wave equation – has become the hegemonic interpretation of quantum mechanics (MQ). Albert Einstein adopted a very critical view of this way of conceiving the processes related to the intimacy of matter, considering MQ an incomplete theory. Louis De Broglie, in 1927, proposes an alternative conception – interpretation of the pilot wave – in which MQ is considered a deterministic theory. Twenty-five years later, David Bohm develops, in the same logic, the Quantum Potential Theory, non-relativistic, whose prominent ideas include the hidden variables and the non-locality. Based on these brief considerations, this article aims to (1) present the essential aspects of the Copenhagen Interpretation of the MQ, (2) to criticize this perspective from the point of view of the EPR paradox (Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen) and the “Schrödinger’s cat” and (3) to analyze the mathematical approach and the philosophical consequences of David Bohm’s QM (MQ-B).

Neste trabalho investigou-se como tem sido o processo de formação de professores de física na área de mecânica quântica (MQ) no Brasil. Para tanto, analisaram-se documentos que guiam os processos formativos no país, tais como as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) e fontes bibliográficas que abordam o tema. Após análise desses documentos, foi apresentada uma Matriz de Referência (MR) a fim de tornar-se um instrumento de apoio ao professor na condução do ensino de MQ. Acredita-se ser possível articular propostas curriculares/cursos de MQ com o enfoque na história e filosofia da ciência que explicitem os conteúdos por meio de uma contextualização diretamente relacionada com o desenvolvimento e avanço da teoria quântica levando os estudantes a refletir sobre como ensiná-la em sua futura prática docente. Feita uma ponte com as componentes curriculares presentes nos cursos de licenciatura em física das instituições do país na área de MQ, concluímos que as relações entre a MQ, licenciatura em física e o processo formativo permeiam, majoritariamente, os conteúdos da velha teoria quântica. No entanto, para uma formação mais eficaz nessa área, sugerem-se que os componentes curriculares se aproximem da MQ moderna de modo contextualizado. A MR representa uma possibilidade de vislumbrar caminhos para a necessária mudança.

This work investigated how the process of training physics teachers in the area of quantum mechanics (QM) in Brazil has been. To this end, documents that guide the educational processes in the country were analyzed, such as the National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG) and bibliographic sources that address the theme. After analyzing these documents, a Reference Matrix (RM) was presented in order to become an instrument to support the teacher in conducting the teaching of QM. It is believed that it is possible to articulate curricular proposals/courses of QM with the focus on the history and philosophy of science that explain the contents through a contextualization directly related to the development and advancement of quantum theory leading students to reflect on how to teach was his future teaching practice. Having made a bridge with the curricular components present in the undergraduate courses in physics of the institutions of the country in the area of QM, we conclude that the relations between the QM, degree in physics and the training process permeate, mostly the contents of the old quantum theory. However, for a more effective training in this area, it is suggested that the curricular components approach the modern QM in a contextualized way. The RM represents a possibility to glimpse paths to the necessary change.

Resumen El artículo presenta una segunda edición de la clasificación de los resultados de los mejores programas de Derecho en Colombia, con base en su producción de investigación. La fuente principal es la Convocatoria 2018, auspiciada por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia. Esta medición y el reconocimiento de grupos de investigación es un barómetro útil para ponderar el resultado del estudio. El análisis examina de manera específica los resultados asociados a los programas de Derecho, así como la relación entre el resultado de la investigación y el registro calificado de programas de doctorado, la acreditación de alta calidad de los programas, el acceso a programas de Derecho de calidad, en pregrado, y otros aspectos de la política pública de educación superior. En resumen, el lector encontrará en este un artículo útil para evaluar varios procesos de la educación superior en derecho.

Abstract This article presents a second edition of the ranking results of the best law programs in Colombia, based on their legal research output. The main source is the 2018 call for research sponsored by the Colombian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation. This measurement and recognition of research groups is a useful barometer to weigh the study results. The analysis looks specifically at the research outcomes associated with undergraduate and graduate law programs. It examines the relationship between research output and the qualified registry of PhD programs, QM certified standards, access to quality undergraduate and graduate law programs, and other relevant public policy aspects in higher education. In summary, the reader will find this a useful article to assess various processes of higher education in legal studies.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma segunda edição da classificação dos resultados dos melhores cursos de Direito na Colômbia, com base em sua produção de pesquisa. A fonte principal é a Chamada 2018, financiada pelo Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Colômbia. Essa avaliação e o reconhecimento de grupos de pesquisa são um barômetro útil para analisar o resultado do estudo. Analisam-se, de maneira específica, os resultados associados aos programas de Direito, bem como a relação entre o resultado da pesquisa e o registro qualificado de programas de doutorado, a acreditação de alta qualidade dos programas, o acesso a programas de Direito de qualidade em graduação e outros aspectos da política pública de ensino superior. Em resumo, trata-se de um texto útil para avaliar vários processos do ensino superior em Direito.

RESUMEN La turba es un material orgánico que se ha utilizado ampliamente como adsorbente eficiente y de bajo costo. Dado que muchos estudios tienden a centrarse en las turbas templadas, hay una falta de conocimiento sobre el mecanismo de adsorción de las turbas tropicales. Este trabajo investiga el uso de dos turbas brasileñas (Cravinhos - C y Luis Antonio - LA) de la cuenca del río Mogi-Guacu para la adsorción de plomo (Pb), zinc (Zn) y cadmio (Cd), con el fin de contribuir al uso de materiales locales y de fácil acceso para remediar sitios contaminados. Las turbas adsorbieron un alto porcentaje de cationes, especialmente cationes Pb (100,0-46,3%), mostrando la turba comercial C una mayor adsorción que la turba LA. La orden de eliminación fue Pb2+ > Cd2+ ≥ Zn2+ para C y Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ para LA. Los datos de equilibrio por lotes para turbas y para todos los metales se ajustaron mejor a la isoterma de Langmuir, con capacidades de adsorción (qm) para Pb, Zn y Cd de 37,3134, 29,0674 y 21,2890 mmol kg-1 en turba C y 21,7391, 14,2550 y 3,6460. mmol kg-1 en LA, respectivamente, valores comparables a los de otras turbas y biosorbentes. Las turbas estudiadas se consideran materiales adsorbentes eficientes, alternativos y de bajo costo para estos metales. La proximidad de las turberas a áreas con alto potencial de contaminación requiere el uso de materiales locales para reducir los costos de remediación.

ABSTRACT Peat is an organic material that has been widely used as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent. As many studies tend to focus on temperate peats, there is a lack of knowledge about the adsorption mechanism of tropical peats. This paper investigates the use of two Brazilian peats (Cravinhos - C and Luis Antônio - LA) from the Mogi-Guaçu river basin for the adsorption of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd), in order to contribute to the use of local and easy access materials to remediate contaminated sites. The peats adsorbed a high percentage of cations, especially Pb cations (100.0-46.3%), with commercial peat C showing higher adsorption than peat LA. The removal order was Pb2+ > Cd2+ ≥ Zn2+ for C and Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ for LA. The batch data for both peats and for all metals were better fit by the Langmuir isotherm, with adsorption capacities (q m ) for Pb, Zn, and Cd of 37.3134, 29.0674 and 21.2890 mmol kg-1 in peat C and 21.7391, 14.2550 and 3.6460 mmol kg-1 in LA, respectively, values comparable to those of other peats and biosorbents. The studied peats are considered efficient, alternative and low-cost adsorptive materials for these metals. The proximity of peatlands to areas with high potential for contamination necessitates the use of local materials to reduce remediation costs.

Resumen Se estimó la partición de la energía bruta consumida (EBi) por novillonas, la densidad energética y metabolicidad de la dieta (qm), y el factor de partición de la energía hacia metano (Ym), por la técnica de cámaras de respiración de circuito abierto. Se utilizaron cuatro novillonas de 206 ± 39.7 kg de peso vivo y 12 ± 0.93 meses de edad; distribuidas en un diseño completamente al azar y dos dietas: dieta A con 74% de ensilado de maíz + 26% de concentrado y dieta B con 100% de ensilado de maíz. Se utilizó una prueba de t para el análisis de resultados. El consumo de materia seca (CMS), digestibilidad, factor Ym y el rendimiento de metano g kg−1 de CMS, para ambas dietas fue diferente (P < 0.05). Se logró estimar la partición de la EBi, la densidad energética y los factores Ym y qm de la dieta.

Abstract The partition of the gross energy intake (GEi) by heifers, the energy density, metabolicity of the diet (qm), and the Ym factor were estimated, by the open circuit respiration chamber technique. Four heifers of 206 ± 39.7 kg of live weight and 12 ± 0.93 months of age were used in a completely randomized design. The heifers were randomly assigned to two diets: Diet A consisted of 74% corn silage + 26% commercial concentrate and diet B 100% corn silage. A t-test was used for analysis of results. Dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility of the DM, Ym factor and methane yield (CH4 g kg−1 DMI) for both diets were different (P < 0.05). In the present study we were able to estimate the partitioning of the GE consumed by the experimental animals; as well as the energy density, the Ym and qm factors of the diet.

RESUMEN En esta investigación se evalúa la adsorción de Cu2+ por bagazo de caña de azúcar, tanto natural como tratado con NaOH y H3PO4, en muestras de aguas de la “Laguna Azul” de El Cobre, Santiago de Cuba. Los experimentos mostraron que el bagazo natural es capaz de remover en disoluciones patrón 31,6 % de Cu2+ a pH=3,30, tiempo de contacto 30 min y proporción 0,50 g (masa de adsorbente)/50 mL. Los porcientos de remoción del bagazo tratado con NaOH y H3PO4 fueron 39,3 % y 93,3% respectivamente, para las mismas condiciones experimentales. En la matriz real los porcientos de remoción de cobre fueron 18,34; 29,4 y 86,5% respectivamente. Según modelo de Langmuir, la capacidad máxima de adsorción determinada (qm) fue 7,57 mg/g a pH=3,30 con r2=0,96. La evidencia sugiere un fuerte potencial del bagazo como material adsorbente, así como un tratamiento alternativo para minimizar el impacto de contaminación por Cu2+ en ecosistemas acuáticos.

ABSTRACT This research evaluates the adsorption of Cu2+ by sugarcane bagasse, both natural and treated with NaOH and H3PO4, in water samples from "Blue Lagoon" of El Cobre, Santiago de Cuba. Experiments showed that natural bagasse is capable of removing 31, 6% of Cu2+ in standard solutions at pH = 3,30, contact time 30 minutes and ratio of 0,50 g (mass of adsorbent) / 50 mL. The removal percentages of bagasse treated with NaOH and H3PO4 were 39.3% and 93.3% respectively, for the same experimental conditions. In the real matrix, the copper removal percentages were 18,34; 29,4 and 86,5% respectively. According to Langmuir's model, the measured maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was 7,57 mg / g at pH = 3,30 with r2 = 0,96. The evidence suggests a strong potential for bagasse as an adsorbent material, as well as an alternative treatment to minimize the impact of pollution by Cu2+ on aquatic ecosystems.

Resumo Nessa pesquisa, estudam-se as questões presentes no Exame Nacional de Avaliação do Desempenho do Estudante (ENADE), no contexto específico da licenciatura em Física, que contemplem tópicos da Mecânica Quântica (MQ), à luz dos fundamentos da Taxonomia de Bloom Revisada (TBR). A TBR nos permite classificar o aprendizado requerido em uma questão na dimensão do conhecimento (efetivo/factual, conceitual, procedimental/procedural e metacognitivo) e dos processos cognitivos (lembrar, entender, aplicar, analisar, avaliar e criar) mobilizados em sua resolução, materializados em uma tabela bidimensional. Os resultados apontaram uma prevalência de questões classificadas nos níveis mais baixos do domínio cognitivo da TBR (lembrar e entender) e uma quase ausência de questões nos níveis mais elevados. Em termos de conteúdos, foram contemplados predominantemente tópicos concernentes à velha MQ, em detrimento da MQ propriamente dita, e que as questões selecionadas e analisadas do ENADE revelam que os discentes não têm avançado na compreensão dos conceitos quânticos. Tais resultados corroboram a necessidade de estudos e propostas que oportunizem futuras adequações no ensino da MQ nos cursos de formação de professores de Física, tendo em conta o que se espera do perfil do futuro professor.

Abstract In this research, we study the National Examination of Student Performance (ENADE, in Portuguese), considering the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT), in the context of Quantum Mechanics (QM) in an undergraduate Physics course. This taxonomy allows us to classify the required learning in a question considering the dimension of knowledge (effective/factual, conceptual, procedural and metacognitive) and the cognitive processes (remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate and create) mobilized in its resolution. The results show a prevalence of questions classified in the lower levels of the cognitive domain of the RBT (remember and understand) and a near absence of questions in the higher levels. Moreover, our analysis reveals that students did not understand quantum concepts. These results corroborate the need for studies and proposals that allow future adjustments in the teaching of QM in physics teacher training courses, taking into account what is expected of the future teacher profile.

RESUMO A queixa de memória (QM) é comum em idosos e pode ser confirmada por pessoas próximas a ele, como familiares e cuidadores. Estudos apontam associação entre QM e alterações cognitivas e, nesse sentido, a vulnerabilidade física poderia exacerbá-la. Porém, a relação entre QM e vulnerabilidade física ainda não está clara na literatura. Objetivo: investigar a relação entre QM, alterações cognitivas e vulnerabilidade física. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram avaliados 100 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos. Utilizou-se a Escala de Queixa de Memória (EQM), Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke - Revisado (ACE-R), Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados: os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com os resultados da EQM formas A (idoso) e B (informante). Encontrou-se correlação entre a EQM-A e MEEM (p=.045/ρ=.201), ACE-R Atenção e Orientação (p=.026/ρ=.223) e ACE-R/Visual-Espacial (p=.048/ρ=.199). Na EQM-B encontrou-se correlação entre pontuação total do ACE-R (p=.044/ρ=-.202) e ACE-R/Visual-Espacial. (p=.003/ρ=-.291). Conclusão: o relato de QM a partir do informante aponta a necessidade de avaliação mais aprofundada da cognição dos idosos. Assim, para a prática clínica, o rastreio de QM do informante é aconselhado.

ABSTRACT Memory complaint (MC) is common in older adults and can be confirmed by people close to them, such as family members and caregivers. Studies show an association between MC and cognitive impairment and, hence, physical vulnerability may exacerbate MC. However, the relationship between MC and physical vulnerability is not yet clear in the literature.\ Objective: to investigate the association between MC, cognitive impairment, and physical vulnerability. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. We evaluated 100 older adults with a mean age of 65 years or over. The Memory Complaint Scale (MCS), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Vulnerable Elderly Research-13 (VES-13), Geriatric Depression Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. Results: participants were divided into two groups according to results on the MCS-A (elderly) and MCS-B (informant). Correlations were found between the MCS-A and the MMSE (p=.045/ρ=.201), ACE-R/Visual-Spatial (p=.048/ρ=.199), and ACE-R/Attention-Orientation (p=.026/ρ=.223). For the MCS-B, correlations were found with total score on the ACE-R (p=.044/ρ=-.202) and the ACE-R/Visual-Spatial (p=0.003/ρ=-.291). Conclusion: MC reported by the informant indicate the need to assess, in more depth, the cognition of the older adult. Thus, for clinical practice, screening of MC through an informant is advised.

Abstract The immunostimulation capacity of most vaccines is enhanced through antigen adsorption on aluminum adjuvants. The changes in adsorption conditions (pH, adsorption time), could change the amount of antigen adsorbed and therefore the ability to stimulate the immune system. The Finlay Institute of Vaccine researches a new vaccine candidate based on outer membrane vesicle from Salmonella Paratyphi A (OMV-SPA). The study aim was to determine adsorption condition of OMV-SPA with two aluminium adjuvants (Al(OH)3 and AlPO4). OMV-SPA was adsorbed in both adjuvants under differences conditions of pH and time. Parameters as adsorptive capacity (qm) and adsorption coefficient (Kd) were determined by construction of Langmuir Isotherm. The lot of OMV-SPA used is composed by population of nanostructure with a particle size between 60 and 100 nm. Adsorption of OMV-SPA in both adjuvants showed values ≥95% in neutral pH (6.5-7.0). OMV-SPA with AlPO4 got equilibrium state in less time (99% from 30 min) compared with Al(OH)3 (95% from 3 h). Isotherms from both adjuvants described Langmuir model (R2≥0.99), with qm and Kd values very different between adsorption systems. As conclusion, the study showed that OMV-SPA was adsorbed satisfactorily in both aluminium adjuvants, process in which are involved different adsorption mechanism.

RESUMEN La capacidad inmunoestimuladora de la mayoría de las vacunas es potenciada mediante la adsorción en adyuvantes que contienen aluminio. Variando las condiciones de adsorción (pH, tiempo de adsorción) cambia la cantidad de antígeno adsorbida y por lo tanto la capacidad de estimulación del sistema inmune. El Instituto Finlay de Vacunas investiga un nuevo candidato vacunal basado en vesículas de membrana externa de Salmonella Paratyphi A (VME-SPA). El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las condiciones de adsorción de las VME-SPA en dos adyuvantes de sales de aluminio (Al(OH)3 y AlPO4). Para ello, las VME-SPA fueron adsorbidas en ambos adyuvantes bajo diferentes condiciones de pH y tiempo. Mediante la construcción de una Isoterma de Langmuir se determinaron parámetros como la capacidad adsortiva (qm) y el coeficiente de adsorción (Kd). El lote de VME-SPA empleado estaba formado por poblaciones de nanoestructuras con un tamaño de partículas entre 60 y 100 nm. La adsorción de las VME-SPA en ambos adyuvantes, mostró valores ≥95% a pH neutro (6,5-7,0). Las VME-SPA en presencia de AlPO4 alcanzaron el estado de equilibrio en menor tiempo (99% a partir de 30 min) en comparación con Al(OH)3 (95% a partir de 3 h). Las isotermas evaluadas para ambos adyuvantes cumplieron con el modelo de Langmuir (R2≥0,99), con valores de qm y Kd diferentes entre los sistemas de adsorción. El estudio demostró que las VME-SPA se adsorbieron satisfactoriamente en ambos geles, proceso en el que están involucrados diferentes mecanismos de adsorción.