ABSTRACT Subtitling and audiovisual translation (AVT) in general, as language practices, play a crucial role in shaping social imaginary and contributing to the construction of identities. But far too little attention has been paid to the translation of documentaries, especially those produced in the so-called “global” South and translated into other languages, such as English. Therefore, this paper aims to gain a further understanding of translating documentaries, particularly looking at subtitles from a transnational perspective intertwining translation and feminist studies. We will elaborate on the importance of translators’ careful listening as a critical factor in the translation of documentaries produced based on personal narratives. The object of analysis comprises excerpts of subtitles, audio recordings, and frames extracted from Brazilian documentaries chronicling the lives and work experiences of waste pickers (including poor, Black women) set in contexts of extreme poverty. The research proposes a parallel between the story of Pandora and its many translations and interpretations and the representation of women in the subtitled versions of the documentaries, thus suggesting that such a theoretical perspective can shed light on how women’s words and works can become fertile in their difference, and perhaps their deviance.

RESUMO A tradução para legendas e a tradução audiovisual (TAV) como um todo, enquanto práticas linguísticas, desempenham um papel crucial na formação do imaginário social e na construção de identidades. No entanto, pouca atenção tem sido direcionada para a tradução de documentários, principalmente aqueles produzidos no chamado Sul “global” e traduzidos para outras línguas, como o inglês. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo aprofundar a compreensão da tradução de documentários, mais especificamente com foco na tradução para legendas sob uma perspectiva transnacional, explorando a interligação entre tradução e estudos feministas. Abordaremos a importância da escuta atenta do tradutor como fator crítico na tradução de documentários produzidos a partir de narrativas pessoais. O objeto de análise compreende trechos de legendas, áudio e frames extraídos de documentários brasileiros que narram a vida e as experiências de trabalho de catadoras e catadores de materiais recicláveis (incluindo mulheres negras) em contextos de extrema pobreza. A pesquisa propõe um paralelo entre o mito de Pandora e suas diversas traduções e interpretações, bem como as representações da mulher nas versões legendadas dos documentários, sugerindo, assim, que tal perspectiva teórica pode lançar luz sobre como as palavras e obras das mulheres podem se tornar férteis em suas diferenças e possivelmente em seus desvios.

Resumo: A teoria freudiana da feminilidade é objeto de vários estudos. Tencionamos trazer uma contribuição a esse debate, mas, em vez de abordarmos os textos em que a mulher aparece explicitamente sob a pena freudiana, cuidamos de ler um texto específico de Freud em que ela não aparece, mas deveria aparecer. Trata-se do texto Zur Gewinnung des Feuers, de 1932, em que o pai da psicanálise interpreta o mito de Prometeu. O fato é que, em Hesíodo, a figura da primeira mulher (Pandora) é central, e sem ela o mito não pode ser compreendido em sua inteireza. Na versão de Freud, Pandora inexiste - ela não entra em consideração e não é sequer mencionada. Por isso, em vez do mito de Prometeu e Pandora, temos em Freud o mito de Prometeu - e isso não é sem consequências. Assim, a escrita masculina de Freud jazeria não somente ali onde ele discorre sobre a mulher, mas também onde ela sequer aparece.

Abstract: The Freudian theory of femininity is the object of several studies. We intend to make a contribution to this debate, but instead of approaching the Freudian texts in which woman appears explicitly, we aimed to read a specific Freudian text in which she appears not, although she should do so. It is the 1932 text Zur Gewinnung des Feuers, in which the father of psychoanalysis interprets the myth of Prometheus. The fact is that, in Hesiod, the figure of the first woman (Pandora) is central, and one cannot comprehend the myth in its totality without her. In Freud’s version, Pandora does not exist - she is not taken in consideration and is not even mentioned. Therefore, instead of the myth of Prometheus and Pandora, we have in Freud the myth of Prometheus - and that does not come without consequences. Thus, Freud’s masculine writing would lie not only where he expatiates on women, but also where she does not even appear.

ABSTRACT Lasana-INIA is a spring bread wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.) originated from a cross carried out in the Wheat Breeding Project of the Agricultural Research Institute (INIA), in the Quilamapu Regional Research Center, Chillán, in 1996. It has a semi-prostrate growth habit in the seedling stage. The adult plant is medium height and varies between 85 and 100 cm. The spike is white with long awns along its full length. The grain is red, vitreous in appearance, and elliptical in shape. The weight of 1,000 seeds varies between 42 to 49 g. It was sown in mid-August in the Santa Rosa Experimental Station (36°31' S; 71°54' O), Chillán; head emergence occurred 95 to 100 days after sowing. On average, the yield of Lasana-INIA sown under irrigation in Yungay and Human was 0.5% and 3.1% higher than the control variety Pandora-INIA. In Chillán, the average yield over a five-year period was 4.1% lower than Pandora-INIA, but with differences between years. Under rainfed conditions, the yield of Lasana-INIA sown in Carillanca and Purranque was 9.5% and 4.2% higher than Pandora-INIA. Lasana-INIA is a bread wheat with a good hectoliter weight and a hard texture. According to its Zeleny sedimentation (cc) value, wet gluten (%) and protein (%) contents, it can be classified as strong wheat. It has a high W value, and a good P/L ratio.

RESUMEN Lasana-INIA es una variedad de trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum L.) de primavera que proviene de un cruzamiento efectuado en el Proyecto de Fitomejoramiento de Trigo del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), en el Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu, Chillán, el año 1996. Es una variedad de hábito primaveral, de crecimiento semi-rastrero al estado de plántula. La altura de la planta adulta se considera mediana, y varía entre 85 y 100 cm. La espiga es de color blanco, con barbas largas presentes en toda su extensión. El grano es de color rojo, aspecto vítreo, y forma elíptica. El peso de 1.000 semillas varía entre de 42 a 49 g. Sembrado a mediados de agosto en el Campo Experimental Santa Rosa (36°31' S; 71°54' O), Chillán, la emisión de espigas ocurre 95 a 100 días después de la siembra. En las localidades de riego, Yungay y Human, 'Lasana-INIA' alcanzó, en promedio, un rendimiento 0,5% y 3,1% mayor que la variedad testigo Pandora -INIA. En la localidad de Chillán, en promedio de los cinco años presentó un rendimiento inferior a Pandora-INIA en 4,1%, pero con diferencias entre años. En suelos de secano húmedo, localidades de Carillanca y Purranque, alcanzó un rendimiento superior en un 9,5% y 4,2% respectivamente, respecto de 'Pandora-INIA. 'Lasana-INIA' es un trigo de buen peso del hectolitro y de textura dura. Las cifras de sedimentación de Zeleny (cc), glúten húmedo (%) y de proteína (%) lo clasifican como trigo fuerte. Presenta un valor de fuerza de trabajo W alto, y una buena relación P/L.

Limitations of conventional treatment and dosage forms prompted the investigation of novel approaches that combine efficacy, selectivity and fewer adverse effects. These are the main promises of nanomedicine, generally defined as the application of nanotechnology to the biomedical field. Despite the considerable advances over the years and the large number of publications resulting from the growth of nanomedicine, there are still many hurdles and unknown factors limiting its successful translation from promise to reality. These factors range from the lack of standardization in the terminology and regulations, to the lack of understanding of interactions between nanocarriers and the biological system, and their influence on drug pharmacodynamics. In this manuscript, we aim at presenting and discussing concepts and terminologies used in the nanomedicine field and examining the main types of nanocarriers and their effects to modulate biological barriers and aid drug transport, bioavailability and targeting.

Abstract: This article critically analyzes the presence of misogyny and violence against women in the symbolic construction of two female figures present in cosmogonic myths of great value to Western culture: Pandora and Eve. The relevance of this analysis resides in the character of these narratives as stories that recount the genesis of sexist differentiation between men and women. Specifically, this article maintains that two primary elements emerge from the myths of Pandora and Eve and contribute to the reproduction of symbolic violence towards women: feminine devaluation and the imperative of being for another. The article concludes that visualizing the underlying elements of symbolic violence in these narratives is an essential exercise in the effort to unravel the connections between past and present inscribed in cultural expressions that naturalize violence against women.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza críticamente la presencia de la misoginia y de la violencia ejercida hacia las mujeres en la construcción simbólica de dos figuras femeninas presentes en mitos cosmogónicos de gran valor para la cultura occidental: Pandora y Eva. La relevancia de este análisis radica en que estas narraciones habitan aquellos relatos que están en la génesis de la diferenciación sexista entre hombres y mujeres. De manera específica, se establece que en los relatos de Pandora y de Eva emergen dos elementos cardinales que reproducen la violencia simbólica hacia las mujeres: la devaluación femenina y el imperativo de ser para otro. Por último, se declara que visibilizar los elementos de violencia simbólica que subyacen en estas narraciones es un ejercicio ineludible cuando se busca desentrañar las conexiones entre pasado y presente inscritas en las expresiones culturales que naturalizan la violencia hacia las mujeres.

Los tiempos actuales se están volviendo extraordinariamente complejos donde justamente nosotros pensábamos que serían más transparentes. Internet y la economía digital se están convirtiendo cada vez más en un verdadero "complejo industrial de datos", una caja de Pandora de consecuencias inescrutables. Lo que está sucediendo con la publicidad digital es solo un resumen del problema, y las primeras consecuencias están ciertamente en el sector de los medios, que continúa asfixiando debido a la falta de ingresos y de tráfico web. Este artículo es un aporte para profundizar esta reflexión.

O tempo que corre está a complexificar-se extraordinariamente onde justamente julgávamos que se iria tornar mais transparente. A Internet e a economia digital estão a tornar-se cada vez mais um verdadeiro “data industrial complex”, uma caixa de Pandora de consequências insondáveis. O que se passa com a publicidade digital é apenas um esboço do problema, sendo certo que as primeiras consequências estão aí à vista no sistema de media, que continua a sufocar por falta de receita e de tráfego na web. Este texto é um contributo para aprofundar esta reflexão.

Current times are becoming extraordinarily complex where we just thought it would become more transparent. The Internet and the digital economy are increasingly becoming a true "data industrial complex," a Pandora's box of unsearchable consequences. What is happening with digital advertising is just an outline of the problem, and the first consequences are certainly there in the media sector, which continues to suffocate due to lack of revenue and web traffic. This paper is a contribution to deepen this reflection.

The atmospheric remote monitoring systems are essentials to understand the dynamic phenomena that occur in our atmosphere. In December 2016 a MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis DOAS) instrument - called Pandora - that allows to quantify the ozone total column concentration among other atmospheric parameters, was installed in the Laser and Applications Research Center (CEILAP), Institute of Scientific and Technical Research for Defense (CITEDEF-MINDEF), Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires province. The system is based on the DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) technique and provides information about the daily and seasonal evolution of the gas under study. Measurements carry out by this instrument and inter-comparisons with data retrieved by a Dobson spectrophotometer of the National Meteorological Service (SMN) - located in Villa Ortúzar, CABA - and satellite data are presented.

Los sistemas de monitoreo remoto atmosférico son vitales para comprender los fenómenos dinámicos que ocurren en nuestra atmósfera. En diciembre de 2016 se instaló en el Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones (CEILAP), Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF-MINDEF), Villa Martelli, provincia de Buenos Aires, un instrumento MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis DOAS) - denominado Pandora - que permite cuantificar la concentración en columna total del ozono (O3), entre otros parámetros atmosféricos. El sistema se basa en la técnica DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) y brinda información sobre la evolución diaria y estacional del gas en estudio. Se presentan mediciones efectuadas por dicho instrumento, e intercomparaciones con datos obtenidos por un espectrofotómetro Dobson del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) - localizado en Villa Ortúzar, CABA - y datos satelitales.

HTLV-1 is an endemic retrovirus in Peru , occasionally associated with some isolated opportunistic infections. We present the case of a 41-year-old male poultry farmer with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis treated 6 months ago. He was admitted to emergency due to alteration of conscience, dysarthria and watery diarrhea; the examination revealed confluent plaques in the oral cavity, violaceous maculopapular lesions and crusted plaques. Skin biopsy confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma and crusted scabies; in addition, cervical lymphadenopathies showed evidence of BAAR (++) in the microscopic study with Auramine test, and in the examination of feces with modified Zielh Nielsen's stain, Cystoisospora belli oocyst was observed, and trimetropin / sulfametozaxol received antituberculous treatment. HTLV-1 was confirmed by immunofluorescence. In the fundus of the eye cytomegalovirus retinitis was evidenced, he received ganciclovir. At three weeks of hospital admission he died due to severe respiratory failure. We discuss the presence of multiple opportunistic co-infections in a patient with immunosuppression by HTLV-1.

HTLV-1 es un retrovirus endémico en Perú, relacionado ocasionalmente con algunas infecciones oportunistas aisladas. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 41 años, avicultor, con antecedente de TBC pulmonar tratado hace 6 meses. Ingresó a emergencia por presentar alteración de conciencia, disartria y diarrea acuosa. Al examen físico se evidenciaron placas confluentes en cavidad oral, lesiones máculo-papulares violáceas y placas costrosas; por biopsia de piel se confirmó sarcoma de Kaposi y sarna costrosa, además adenopatías cervicales que al estudio microscópico con test de Auramina mostró BAAR (++) y en el examen de heces con tinción Zielh Nielsen modificado, se evidenció ooquiste de Cystoisospora belli. Recibió trimetropin / sulfametozaxol, tratamiento antituberculoso. Se confirmó HTLV-1 por inmunofluorescencia. En el fondo de ojo se observó retinitis por citomegalovirus, recibió ganciclovir. A las tres semanas del ingreso hospitalario, falleció por insuficiencia respiratoria severa. Se discute la presencia de múltiples co-infecciones oportunistas en un paciente con inmunosupresión por HTLV-1.

ABSTRACT: Pollination depends on morphological and behavioural adjustments between visitors and plants. Some plant species as Ipomoea bahiensis (Convolvulaceae) provide nectar and pollen to visitors and occur in anthropic areas, therefore becoming an important source of resources for the maintenance of native pollinating insects. However, what is the efficiency of each floral visitor species for the pollination of this plant species? What morphological and behavioural characteristics determine the pollinators? In this regard, this study evaluated the I. bahiensis flower and visitor morphology in a semi-arid area and the foraging behaviour of these floral visitors. Also, the efficiency rate of potential pollinators was quantified. Bees and butterflies visited the flowers of I. bahiensis, but the bees Melitoma spp., Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758), and Pseudaugochlora pandora (Smith, 1853) were the most frequent visitors. These species presented medium-sized and compatible with the floral tube width. In addition to the size, these bees presented behaviour that favoured the contact with the reproductive structures of the flower, as evidenced by the efficiency test of the flower visits. Although butterflies often collect nectar from the flowers, they do not present characteristics that could result in pollination. Hence, medium-sized bees played the role of efficient pollinator of I. bahiensis.

Pandora Complexa é um coletivo artístico formado por Júlio Dolbeth e Rui Vitorino dos Santos, e também o nome do blogue artístico e do projeto de arte na world wide web do coletivo destes dois artistas que vivem e trabalham na cidade do Porto. Ambos formados em Design de Comunicação. Esta comunicação é referente à ultima mostra em espaço de galeria do projeto Pandora Complexa, realizada no Colégio das Artes da Universidade de Coimbra, integrada na exposição "Cinema Quarteto, Quatro Salas, Quatro Artistas", de 23 de setembro a 7 de novembro de 2016.

Pandora Complexa is the name for an artistic collective formed by Júlio Dolbeth and Rui Vitorinodos Santos. It is also the name ofanartistic blog and aworldwide art's project from these two artists' collective wholiveand workin Oporto, Portugal. Both graduated in Communication Design. This communication refers to the last exhibition from Pandora Complexa exposed in Coimbra's University of Arts College, integrated in the exhibition "Cinema Quarteto, Quatro Salas, Quatro Artistas" from 23rd September until 7th November of 2016.

Abstract The selection of suitable reference genes is crucial for accurate quantification of gene expression and can add to our understanding of host–pathogen interactions. To identify suitable reference genes in Pandora neoaphidis, an obligate aphid pathogenic fungus, the expression of three traditional candidate genes including 18S rRNA(18S), 28S rRNA(28S) and elongation factor 1 alpha-like protein (EF1), were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction at different developmental stages (conidia, conidia with germ tubes, short hyphae and elongated hyphae), and under different nutritional conditions. We calculated the expression stability of candidate reference genes using four algorithms including geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and Delta Ct. The analysis results revealed that the comprehensive ranking of candidate reference genes from the most stable to the least stable was 18S (1.189), 28S (1.414) and EF1 (3). The 18S was, therefore, the most suitable reference gene for real-time RT-PCR analysis of gene expression under all conditions. These results will support further studies on gene expression in P. neoaphidis.

Neste estudo abordamos as mulheres e suas práticas de leitura, historicamente construídas, nas relações oralidade e escrita, espaços privados e públicos, em três momentos históricos. Partimos do mito de Pandora descrito pelo poeta Hesíodo e das mulheres atenienses denominadas por Lessa de modelo de Mélissa. Em seguida, apresentamos leitoras da Idade Média por meio de pinturas em diferentes gêneros e estilos: renascentistas, barrocas, do maneirismo, avançando para imagens realistas, do século XV e do século XVIII. Finalmente apresentamos dados sobre as práticas de leitoras brasileiras entre 15 e 64 anos, publicados no livro Letramento no Brasil (2004). Esses três recortes históricos evidenciam que as relações entre oralidade e escrita, espaços privados e públicos marcaram as práticas culturais de leitura das mulheres e as mobilizaram para produzir novas maneiras de ler, em diferentes suportes e gêneros, na sociedade contemporânea.

This article deals with women and their reading practices as historically constructed in relations between orality and writing, public and private spaces, in three different moments. First, in ancient times, with the myth of Pandora described by the poet Hesiod and with the Athenian women which Lessa presents as the Melissa Model. We then look at some paintings of different genres and styles - Renaissance, Baroque, Mannerism, Realistic - from the 15th to the 18th century, which represent female readers of the Middle Ages and their ways of reading. The third stage analyses data on the practices of Brazilian readers between 15 and 64 years old, published in the book "Literacy in Brazil" (2004). These three slices show how the relations between orality and writing, public and private spaces stamped the reading practices of women and mobilized them to produce new ways of reading.

Four species of entomophthoroid fungi, Pandora neoaphidis (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae), Zoophthora radicans (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae), Entomophthora planchoniana (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) and Neozygites fresenii (Neozygitales: Neozygitaceae) were found to infect Aphis craccivora, Therioaphis trifolii, and Acyrthosiphon pisum and unidentified species of Acyrthosiphon on lucerne in Argentina. Samples were collected from five sites (Ceres, Rafaela, Sarmiento, Monte Vera and Bernardo de Irigoyen) in the province of Santa Fe. In this study, Zoophthora radicans was the most important pathogen and was recorded mainly on Acyrthosiphon sp. Zoophthora radicans was successfully isolated and maintained in pure cultures. This study is the first report of entomophthoroid fungi infecting lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) aphids in Argentina.

Se encontraron cuatro especies de hongos Entomophthorales, Pandora neoaphidis, Zoophthora radicans, Entomophthora planchoniana (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) y Neozygites fresenii (Neozygitales: Neozygitaceae) infectando a Aphis craccivora, Therioaphis trifolii, Acyrthosiphon pisum y a especies no identificadas pertenecientes al género Acyrthosiphon en cultivos de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), en la Argentina. Los muestreos fueron realizados en cinco sitios (Ceres, Rafaela, Sarmiento, Monte Vera y Bernardo de Irigoyen) de la provincia de Santa Fe. Zoophthora radicans fue el patógeno más importante registrado principalmente en Acyrthosiphon sp. Zoophthora radicans fue exitosamente aislado y mantenido en cultivos puros. Este estudio documenta por primera vez en la Argentina la presencia de hongos Entomophthorales infectando áfidos en alfalfa.

El presente artículo analiza la evolución de los conceptos de I-literacy, E-literacy, alfabetización informacional (ALFIN) y brecha digital, para hallar puntos de encuentro que permitan complementar conceptualmente la medición de la brecha. Se ha recopilado el proceso de convergencia entre I-Literacy y E-Literacy, para llegar al concepto de ALFIN, sobre el cual se propone una diferenciación en tres niveles: el básico, de codificación verbal-tecnológica; el medio, de meta-análisis; y el alto, de acción ético-crítica. Con esta propuesta se entra a repensar la brecha digital, planteando interrogantes sobre el significado de su medición, y tomando las precauciones necesarias para no terminar confundiendo medición con asimilación. Se afirma que el concepto de ALFIN debe alimentar el estudio de la brecha digital, y se describe cómo afectaría al modelo piramidal de apropiación TIC desarrollado por el autor, y el curso futuro que, sobre esta base, tendría la investigación sobre exclusión digital. Se hace énfasis en la calidad de caja de Pandora que tiene la Web, la cual puede generar dinámicas de exclusión y de amenaza a la democracia y la libertad, si es que no existe un ciudadano digital alfabetizado, y se sigue simplificando el fenómeno de la brecha digital como un problema de acceso a infraestructura, y no de formación de ciudadanos informacionales con capacidades que superen lo instrumental. Se concluye que la medición de las capacidades meta-informacionales y de acción ético-crítica es el camino que se debe seguir para construir una métrica de la brecha digital. Se advierte sobre la posibilidad de encontrar una brecha de segundo orden, mucho más extensa y compleja que la brecha de acceso.

This article analyzes the evolution of the concepts I-literacy, E-literacy, informational alphabetization (ALFIN as in Spanish) and Digital Divide, to find a common ground to complement conceptually the measuring of the divide. The convergence process between I-Literacy and E-Literacy has been retrieved, reaching the final concept of informational alphabetization (ALFIN as acronym of the Spanish expression 'ALFabetización INformacional'). To propose its differentiation into three levels: the basic level of verbal-technological codification, second level for meta-analysis, and upper level for ethical-critical action. This proposal aims to rethink the digital divide, raising questions about the meaning of measurement, and the necessary precautions to avoid confusing measurement with assimilation. We state that the concept of information literacy (ALFIN - informational alphabetization) should feed the study of the Digital Divide, and describe how this could affect the pyramid model of ICT appropriation developed by the author. In further research about digital exclusion The Pandora's box quality of the Web is emphasized. It can reinforce exclusion, threatens democracy and freedom in the absence of a literate digital citizen, if further simplification is carried under the access-to-infrastructure model, if the citizens' formation in capabilities that exceed the instrumental. We conclude that measuring these meta-analysis and ethical-critical action skills is the advisable way to build a metric for the digital divide. We warn about the possibility of finding a second-order divide much larger and complex than the access divide.