Abstract Background: Prenatal nursing appointments underwent changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely in the restriction of companions. For this reason, it is important to assess pregnant women’s satisfaction with nursing care during this period. Objective: To assess pregnant women’s satisfaction with nurse midwife-led prenatal appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 196 pregnant women. The Portuguese version of the General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale (Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem) was administered to the sample. The tool consists of the following dimensions: interpersonal relationship and communication, confidence, credibility, and dedication. Results: Pregnant women are, on average, more satisfied in the interpersonal relationship and communication dimension and less satisfied in the dedication dimension. Conclusion: Pregnant women are satisfied with nursing care and acknowledge its importance. This finding reinforces the importance of nurse midwife-led consultations.

Resumo Enquadramento: Em tempo de pandemia, as consultas de enfermagem de vigilância da gravidez sofreram alterações, nomeadamente na restrição de acompanhantes. Por esse motivo, é importante a avaliação da satisfação das grávidas com a assistência de enfermagem durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação da grávida com a assistência das enfermeiras obstétricas nas consultas de vigilância da gravidez durante o contexto de pandemia COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 196 grávidas. Aplicado a Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), constituída pelas dimensões: relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação, confiança, credibilidade e dedicação. Resultados: As grávidas apresentam-se em média mais satisfeitas na dimensão relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação e menos satisfeitas na dimensão dedicação. Conclusão: As grávidas apresentam-se satisfeitas com a assistência de enfermagem percecionando a sua importância. Tal reforça a pertinência das consultas serem realizadas por um Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica.

Resumen Marco contextual: En tiempos de pandemia, las citas de enfermería para el seguimiento del embarazo cambiaron, sobre todo la restricción de acompañantes. Por esta razón, es importante evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con los cuidados de enfermería durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con la atención prestada por las enfermeras obstétricas en las consultas de seguimiento del embarazo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal de carácter cuantitativo, con una muestra de 196 mujeres embarazadas. Se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción de los Pacientes con Asistencia de Enfermería (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), compuesta por las siguientes dimensiones: relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, confianza, credibilidad y dedicación. Resultados: Las mujeres embarazadas están, de media, más satisfechas en la dimensión relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, y menos satisfechas en la dimensión dedicación. Conclusión: Las embarazadas se mostraron satisfechas con los cuidados de enfermería y se dieron cuenta de su importancia. Esto refuerza la pertinencia de que las consultas sean realizadas por una enfermera especializada en Enfermería de Salud Materna y Obstétrica.

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an important impact on the training of nursing professionals, affecting the mental health of students due to the experiences they have faced. Objective: Assess the level of academic stress in nursing students and its relationship to anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Correlational study with 1009 nursing students who agreed to participate. A virtual survey was applied, collecting sociodemographic and COVID-19 Pandemic experiences data, in addition to questionnaires on anxiety, depression, insomnia, and post-traumatic and academic stress, with prior authorization from the research and ethics committee. Statistical analysis such as Square Chi, Spearman's Rho and logistic regression model were used. Results: 68.1 % presented anxiety, 64.3 % depression, 56.3 % insomnia and 85.7 % academic stress. Academic stress showed statistical association with sex, school period, diagnosis in a family member and contact with a person suspected or confirmed of having COVID-19. Presenting academic stress is 3.9 times higher with moderate anxiety, 10.6 times higher with moderate depression, 12.7 times higher with moderate clinical insomnia, 1.8 times higher with a family member diagnosed with the disease, and 2.6 times higher with contact of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: Mental health problems were related to academic stress levels in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nursing professional must design educational and training strategies to reduce the levels of these problems, applicable from educational training to the workplace.

Abstrato Introdução: A Pandemia do COVID-19 teve um impacto significativo na formação dos profissionais de enfermagem, afetando a saúde mental dos estudantes devido às vivências por eles enfrentadas. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de estresse acadêmico em estudantes de enfermagem e sua relação com ansiedade, depressão, insônia, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e experiências durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional com 1009 graduandos de enfermagem que concordaram em participar. Foi aplicada uma pesquisa virtual, coletando dados sociodemográficos e experiências da Pandemia da COVID-19, além de questionários sobre ansiedade, depressão, insônia e estresse pós-traumático e acadêmico, com autorização prévia do comitê de ética e pesquisa. Foram utilizadas análises estatísticas como Qui-cuadrado, Rho de Spearman e modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: 68.1 % presented anxiety, 64.3 % depression, 56.3 % insomnia and 85.7 % academic stress. Academic stress showed statistical association with sex, school period, diagnosis in a family member and contact with a person suspected or confirmed of having COVID-19. Presenting academic stress is 3.9 times higher with moderate anxiety, 10.6 times higher with moderate depression, 12.7 times higher with moderate clinical insomnia, 1.8 times higher with a family member diagnosed with the disease, and 2.6 times higher with contact of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusões: Problemas de saúde mental foram relacionados aos níveis de estresse acadêmico em estudantes de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O profissional de enfermagem deve traçar estratégias educacionais e de treinamento para reduzir os níveis desses problemas, aplicáveis desde a formação educacional até o ambiente de trabalho.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado un impacto importante en la formación de profesionales de enfermería, afectando la salud mental en estudiantes debido a las experiencias enfrentadas. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería y su relación con la ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, estrés postraumático y experiencias durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio correlacional con 1009 estudiantes matriculados de licenciatura en enfermería que aceptaron participar. Se aplicó encuesta virtual, recolectando datos sociodemográficos y de experiencias durante la pandemia de COVID-19, además de los cuestionarios sobre ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, estrés postraumático y académico, con previa autorización del comité de investigación y ética. El análisis se realizó con Ji cuadrada, Rho de Spearman, y el modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: El 68.1 % presentaron ansiedad, el 64.3 % depresión, el 56.3 % insomnio y el 85.7 % estrés académico. El estrés académico mostró asociación estadística con sexo, periodo académico, diagnóstico en familiar y contacto con persona sospechosa/confirmada de COVID-19. Presentar estrés académico es 3.9 veces mayor con ansiedad moderada, 10.6 veces mayor con depresión moderada, 12.7 veces mayor con insomnio clínico moderado, 1.8 veces mayor con familiar diagnosticado con la enfermedad y 2.6 veces mayor con contacto de casos sospechosos/confirmados de COVID-19. Conclusión: Problemas de salud mental mostraron relación estadística con estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El profesional de enfermería debe diseñar estrategias educativas y de capacitación para disminuir los niveles de estos problemas, aplicables desde la formación hasta lo laboral.

Resumen: El comercio electrónico del sector de la moda ha aumentado en los últimos años en Latinoamérica, especialmente a raíz de la pandemia, sin embargo, todavía existen problemas en la aceptación de este canal de compra. La presente investigación se centra en algunos factores que podrían influir en la intención de compra y tiene como objetivos comprobar cómo en ella influyen la confianza, los riesgos percibidos, los costos y la conveniencia. Para esto, se suministró un cuestionario a 223 estudiantes de cuatro universidades del Ecuador. Para el análisis de los datos obtenidos se desarrolló un modelo PLS-SEM, en el cual la confianza en el vendedor actúa como variable mediadora en la relación entre los otros tres factores y la intención de compra. Los resultados muestran que dicho modelo tiene un aceptable poder predictivo y explicativo. Asimismo, se comprueba que los riesgos, la conveniencia y la confianza afectan significativamente a la intención de compra, pero no los costos. Además, la confianza mediaría la relación entre las tres variables y la intención de compra en línea. Se concluye que el modelo propuesto puede servir de base para estudios similares y, a su vez, se considera que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados por las empresas en el sector de la moda que quieren vender a través de plataformas de e-Commerce para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing.

Abstract: E-commerce in the fashion sector has increased in recent years in Latin America, especially in the wake of the pandemic, however, there are still issues in the acceptance of this shopping channel. The present research focuses on some factors that could influence purchase intention and aims to test how it is influenced by trust, perceived risks, costs and convenience. For this purpose, a questionnaire was given to 223 students from four universities in Ecuador. A PLS-SEM model was developed for the analysis of the data, in which trust in the seller has a mediating role in the relationship between the other three factors and purchase intention. Results show that this model has acceptable predictive and explanatory power. Likewise, it validates that risks, convenience and trust significantly affect intention, but not costs. In addition, trust would mediate the relationship between the other variables and online shopping intention. It is concluded that the proposed model can serve as a basis for similar studies, and, at the same time, it is considered that the results obtained can be used by business in the fashion sector that pursue to sell through e-commerce platforms for marketing strategies development.

Abstract The article aims to contribute to the mapping of disputes around the regulation of remote work in contemporary Brazil, in a context in which the social distance caused by the Covid-19 pandemic gave rise to the adoption of this type of work to gain greater importance. We seek to understand what labor claims emerged as a result of the adoption of remote work, the changes promoted within the scope of Labor Law due to social distancing measures during the pandemic and, in particular, how new arrangements were implemented in collective bargaining regarding work remote in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. What normativity results from the heteronomous and autonomous rules adopted in the exceptional pandemic period? The research findings and the problematization of the rules arising from provisional measures and collective bargaining on remote work highlight the limits and trends of the regulation that emerges in the context of a health calamity. Brazil Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 importance particular Paulo period calamity Covid1 1 Covid-

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para o mapeamento das disputas em torno da regulação do trabalho remoto no Brasil contemporâneo, num contexto em que o distanciamento social provocado pela pandemia de Covid-19 deu ensejo a que a adoção desse tipo de trabalho ganhasse maior vulto. Buscamos compreender que demandas laborais surgiram em decorrência da adoção do trabalho remoto, as mudanças promovidas no âmbito do Direito do Trabalho em virtude das medidas de distanciamento social durante a pandemia e, em especial, como novos arranjos foram implementados nas negociações coletivas a respeito do trabalho remoto nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. Que normatividade resulta das regras heterônomas e autônomas adotadas no período excepcional pandêmico? Os achados da pesquisa e a problematização das regras provenientes de medidas provisórias e de negociações coletivas sobre trabalho remoto evidenciam os limites e as tendências da normatização que emerge em contexto de calamidade sanitária. contemporâneo Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 vulto especial Paulo pandêmico sanitária Covid1 1 Covid-

Abstract The article explores the complexity and current uncertainties concerning long COVID, an emerging nosological entity with vague contours and characterised by unpredictable and persistent symptoms and absence of ‘objective diagnosis’. Based on accounts of the affected individuals and balancing the review of medical and journalistic literature on the subject, historical approach and ethnography, this work describes and analyses the policies of recognition and care of this condition in a context of epistemic injustice. The article contests the representations of long COVID as a merely transient disorder arguing that, unlike the promises of full recovery, what is taking shape is the emergence of a new individual whose biography is being rewritten by long COVID. For these people, full recognition of long COVID as a distinct pathological entity, coupled with the validation of their experimental knowledge, means more than merely opening concrete possibilities for relief from physical and mental suffering. It also represents justice, repair, and a further step towards the reconstruction of their lives. objective diagnosis. diagnosis . diagnosis’ subject ethnography injustice that recovery people knowledge suffering justice repair lives

Resumo O artigo explora a complexidade e as incertezas atuais sobre a covid longa, uma entidade nosológica emergente pós-covid-19, com contornos imprecisos e caracterizada por sintomas imprevisíveis e persistentes. Baseado em relatos de pessoas afetadas e equilibrando a revisão da literatura médica e jornalística sobre o tema, a história da ciência e a etnografia em saúde, o trabalho descreve e analisa as políticas de reconhecimento e de cuidado da doença em um contexto de injustiça epistêmica. O artigo contesta as representações da covid longa como uma condição meramente transitória, argumentando que, diferentemente das promessas de plena recuperação, o que tem ganhado forma é emergência de uma nova pessoa cuja biografia passa a ser reescrita com a covid longa. Para essas pessoas, o reconhecimento pleno da covid longa como uma entidade patológica distinta, aliado à validação de seu conhecimento experimental, significa mais do que simplesmente abrir possibilidades concretas para alívio do sofrimento físico e mental. Isso também representa justiça, reparação e um passo adiante na reconstrução de suas vidas. póscovid19, póscovid19 póscovid pós 19, 19 pós-covid-19 persistentes tema saúde epistêmica transitória recuperação distinta experimental mental justiça vidas póscovid1 1 pós-covid-1 pós-covid- pós-covid

Abstract Violence against women is a serious public health problem, with a marked social and economic impact. The objective of this article is to synthesize the theories that explain violence against women, contributing, from a theoretical perspective, to the understanding of risk factors. The research is basic and descriptive; the analytical-synthetic method was used to establish the essential elements of the information collected and formalize conclusions in this regard. The search for bibliographic sources was carried out in the Google Scholar database. Theories such as the cycle of violence, traumatic union, paradoxical punishment, battered women, among others, are presented. In addition, the importance of factors such as poverty, victimization, dysfunctional families, ineffective educational and judicial systems is recognized. Risk factors for gender violence were identified according to the different theoretical positions analyzed. The conclusions recognize the conduct of a significant amount of research on violence against women in the context of the pandemic. The proposal of theoretical foundations for each of the risk factors was made, which contributes to future research, especially in the Latin American space. It is considered that theories must be understood within the very dynamics that this phenomenon presents, focused on the variety of criteria, elements, variables, causes, consequences, conditions, etc.

Resumen La violencia contra la mujer constituye un grave problema de salud pública, con un marcado impacto social y económico. El objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar las teorías que explican la violencia contra la mujer, contribuyendo desde una perspectiva teórica a la comprensión los factores de riesgo. La investigación es básica y descriptiva; el método analítico-sintético se utilizó para establecer los elementos esenciales de la información recopilada y formalizar conclusiones al respecto. Se efectuó la búsqueda de fuentes bibliográficas en la base de datos Google Scholar. Se presentan teorías como el ciclo de la violencia, la unión traumática, el castigo paradójico, la mujer maltratada, entre otras. Además, se reconoce la importancia de factores como la pobreza, la victimización, familias disfuncionales, sistemas educativos y judiciales poco efectivos. Se identificaron los factores de riesgo para la violencia de género según las distintas posiciones teóricas analizadas. Las conclusiones reconocen la realización de una cantidad importante de investigaciones sobre violencia contra la mujer en el contexto de la pandemia. Se realizó la propuesta de fundamentos teóricos para cada uno de los factores de riesgo, lo que contribuye para futuras investigaciones, sobre todo en el espacio latinoamericano. Se considera que las teorías deben comprenderse dentro de la propia dinámica que presenta este fenómeno, centrados en la variedad de criterios, elementos, variables, causas, consecuencias, condiciones, etc.

Abstract: Mexico is a key player in the automotive industry, but during the pandemic, auto manufacturing was hit by health measures suspending its activity because it was not a priority sector. The central research aim is to determine the financial losses caused by the suspension of car and light truck manufacturing due to the economic crisis triggered by COVID-19. The methodology used is based on a multiple econometric regression with a binary qualitative variable of ones and zeros to capture the effect of COVID-19 on vehicle production, with preliminary results showing eight-figures losses.

Resumen: México desempeña un papel importante a nivel mundial en cuanto a la fabricación de automóviles, y no fue sino a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19 que la industria automotriz se vio sacudida por las medidas sanitarias, al suspender su actividad productiva por no ser un sector prioritario. La pregunta central de esta investigación gira en torno a cuánto vale la pérdida en términos monetarios la suspensión de la fabricación de vehículos y camiones ligeros por la crisis económica causada por la COVID-19. La metodología empleada se basa en el uso de una regresión econométrica múltiple con una variable cualitativa binaria de unos y ceros para capturar el efecto de la COVID-19 en la producción de vehículos, donde los resultados preliminares arrojan pérdidas millonarias de ocho cifras.

Abstract Due to the arrival of COVID-19 in Mexico, a majority of the population was affected in terms of their labor participation. This article aims to measure the levels of educational mismatch -overeducation and undereducation- in Mexico before and after the closure of activities decreed during the pandemic. The research examines changes in educational adjustment from the first quarter of 2020 to the third quarter of the same year and the first quarter of the following year, and it investigates whether there were modifications in sociodemographic profiles, changes in the conditions of those experiencing educational mismatch, and if these dynamics were a result of the crisis. The analysis uses the National Occupation and Employment Survey and employs multinomial models to assess the probability of being in some form of educational mismatch, with a grouped base for five survey editions to establish changes over time. The results show an increase of approximately 0.5% in overeducation in the total occupied population, considering sociodemographic and labor insertion characteristics. Similarly, there are differences between informal and formal employment in terms of how these changes occur, with the former showing increases first, followed by the latter.

Resumen En México, la llegada de la covid-19 afectó la participación laboral de la mayoría de la población. A propósito de ese fenómeno, con este artículo se busca medir los niveles de desajuste educativo -por sobreducación y subeducación- antes y después del cierre de actividades decretado ante la pandemia. Se revisan los cambios en el ajuste educativo entre el primer trimestre de 2020 y el tercero del mismo año, sumando además el primer trimestre de 2021. La atención se centra en si se modificaron los perfiles sociodemográficos y si esto implicó cambios en las condiciones de los desajustados, o si bien estos fueron producto de la crisis. Para el análisis se utilizan la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo y modelos multinomiales sobre la probabilidad de insertarse en algún tipo de inadecuación educativa con una base agrupada para cinco ediciones de la encuesta a fin de establecer los cambios en el tiempo. Los resultados muestran que se registra un aumento de alrededor de 0,5 % de sobreducación en la población ocupada total, si se consideran las características sociodemográficas y de inserción laboral. Del mismo modo, se reflejan diferencias entre los empleos informales y los formales en términos de cómo ocurren estos cambios, pues los primeros se inician con incrementos, mientras en los segundos esto se da en el mediano plazo.

Abstract As a result of COVID-19, new dynamics emerged in many urban systems, including the acquisition and distribution of food. The pandemic revealed vulnerabilities in the functioning of facilities and intensified problems such as informality, insecurity, and immigration. In order to contribute to the identification and characterization of these dynamics within food markets, a case study methodology was adopted for this article using mixed techniques - a quantitative approach using a survey and a qualitative approach featuring a focus group. Both methods were applied in the San Roque market in the Metropolitan District of Quito, an iconic food market and distribution facility. The results highlight new commercial dynamics and preferences, as in recent years informal trade and the presence of supermarket chains have proliferated; new logistic means have been created; and wholesale trade has intensified. In addition, the pandemic accentuated the vulnerability of the market at the administrative level and the precariousness of some informal jobs, in turn, accelerated changes among traders. It is concluded that these dynamics merit new conceptual, organizational, and spatial approaches in architectural and urban terms, as well as different policies that favor the sustainable management of markets.

Resumen A raíz de la covid-19 se dieron nuevas dinámicas en muchos sistemas urbanos entre las que destaca la de adquisición y distribución de alimentos. La pandemia mostró la vulnerabilidad en el funcionamiento de equipamientos e intensificó problemáticas como la informalidad, la inseguridad y la inmigración. Con el objetivo de aportar a la identificación y caracterización de estas dinámicas dentro de los mercados de alimentos, para el presente artículo se adoptó una metodología de caso de estudio con técnicas mixtas: cuantitativas por medio de una encuesta y cualitativas a partir de un grupo focal. Ambas técnicas se aplicaron en el mercado San Roque en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, equipamiento icónico en cuanto a la comercialización y distribución de alimentos. En los resultados sobresalen las nuevas dinámicas y preferencias comerciales, ya que en los últimos años han proliferado el comercio informal y la presencia de cadenas de supermercados, se han creado nuevos medios logísticos y se ha intensificado el comercio mayorista. Además, la pandemia acentuó la vulnerabilidad del mercado a nivel administrativo y la precarización de algunos trabajos informales, a su vez, aceleró un cambio entre el grupo de comerciantes. Se concluye que estas dinámicas ameritan nuevas aproximaciones conceptuales, organizativas y espaciales a escala arquitectónica y urbana, y también distintas políticas que favorezcan la gestión sostenible de los mercados.

ABSTRACT As a result of the COVID 19 pandemic, a set of modifications were implemented in the way it was taught. Higher education institutions in Chile were not immune to this phenomenon, and to this scenario was added a set of trends that had already been raising the need to review didactics, in terms of what and how it is taught. Different initiatives led to the development and implementation of didactic strategies that sought to solve the challenges faced by the educational system. Even though innumerable articles referring to the implementation of these didactic innovations have appeared, the evidence regarding the impact of their adaptations remains scarce. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the use of the Case Method on the academic performance of the students of the calculus subject of the Business Administration Engineering degree at a Chilean higher education institution in an online context. through a difference-in-differences model using control groups generated with the Propensity Score Matching technique. The results show a positive and statistically significant effect on student grades.

RESUMEN Producto de la pandemia de COVID 19 se implementaron un conjunto de modificaciones en la forma cómo se enseñaba. Las instituciones de educación superior en Chile no estuvieron ajenas a ese fenómeno, y a este escenario se sumó un conjunto de tendencias que ya venían planteando la necesidad de revisar la didáctica, en cuánto al qué y al cómo se enseña. Diferentes iniciativas llevaron al desarrollo e implementación de estrategias didácticas que buscaron resolver los desafíos que enfrentaba el sistema educativo. Aun cuando han surgido innumerables artículos referidos a la implementación de estas innovaciones didácticas, la evidencia respecto del impacto de sus adaptaciones permanece escasa. El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar el impacto del uso del Método del Caso en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de los estudiantes de la asignatura de cálculo de la carrera Ingeniería en Administración de Empresas de una institución de educación superior chilena en un contexto online mediante un modelo de diferencias en diferencias usando grupos de control generados con la técnica de Propensity Score Matching. Los resultados muestran un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo en las calificaciones de los estudiantes.

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic turned out to be a substantial event in the changes and adaptations made to this system within educational institutions. In this sense, the present study addresses the school culture in public educational institutions during this unusual context and aims to analyze said culture based on the perceptions of management and teaching staff during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection was carried out through the application of semi-structured interviews with five directors and nine teachers from five schools located in four different regions of Peru. From the analysis, it is concluded that, in public educational institutions, there were changes in the organization and development of the rituals of their identity. Likewise, myths and metaphors related to distance education were evident that show certain strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement that the Covid-19 pandemic left in the educational context.

RESUMEN La pandemia del Covid-19 resultó ser un hecho sustancial en los cambios y las adaptaciones ejercidas en este sistema dentro de las instituciones educativas. En ese sentido, el presente estudio aborda la cultura escolar en las instituciones educativas públicas durante ese contexto inusual y tiene por objetivo analizar dicha cultura a partir de las percepciones del personal directivo y docente durante la pandemia del Covid-19. La recogida de información se realizó a través de la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco directores y nueve docentes de cinco escuelas ubicadas en cuatro regiones distintas del Perú. A partir del análisis, se concluye que, en las instituciones educativas públicas, hubo cambios en la organización y el desarrollo de los rituales propios de su identidad. Asimismo, se evidenciaron mitos y metáforas relacionados con la educación a distancia que evidencian ciertas fortalezas, debilidades y oportunidades de mejora que dejó la pandemia del Covid-19 en el contexto educativo.

Resumo Ainda que nas últimas décadas tenham passado por intensas transformações, os mercados municipais de Madrid permanecem tendo papel significativo no abastecimento de alimentos frescos e são considerados espaços em que, através da proximidade e da confiança, podem ser adquiridos produtos de qualidade. A partir de observação participante e de entrevistas junto a comerciantes, realizadas durante os últimos meses de 2022 nos mercados municipais do distrito central da cidade de Madrid, este artigo discute mudanças no consumo alimentar ocorridas durante e após a pandemia de Covid-19. A análise se detém, especialmente, em aspectos associados a percepção de risco, qualidade e saúde relacionados com a alimentação. Os resultados obtidos fornecem pistas para a reflexão sobre tendências e processos pertinentes ao consumo alimentar na contemporaneidade. transformações confiança comerciantes 202 Covid19. Covid19 Covid 19. 19 Covid-19 detém especialmente risco alimentação contemporaneidade 20 Covid1 1 Covid-1 2 Covid-

Abstract Despite experiencing significant transformations in recent decades, the municipal markets of Madrid continue to play a crucial role in the supply of fresh food. These markets are regarded as spaces where consumers can acquire high-quality products through proximity and trust. This article presents findings derived from participant observation and interviews with merchants conducted in the central district of Madrid throughout the final months of 2022. The study examines shifts in food consumption patterns during and following the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on the perception of risks, quality, and health associated with food. The obtained results offer valuable insights into trends and processes pertinent to contemporary food consumption. decades highquality high quality trust 2022 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic risks 202 COVID1 1 COVID- 20 2

Abstract The text addresses the analysis of the global pandemic in December 2021, caused by the Sars-Cov 2 virus, resulting in millions of deaths and transforming social, institutional, and familial life. Following the stabilization of Covid-19 in various regions, there is an emphasis on reflecting on the two years of almost complete confinement, acknowledging that this crisis is a superimposition of health, social, political, economic, educational, and environmental crises. The importance of examining the implications for the pedagogical sphere and professional training in the “new normal” is highlighted. A historical analysis of the pandemic is proposed from psychological, social, cultural, educational, and environmental perspectives. Advocacy for learning from the experience, reviewing virtual pedagogical actions, and building more promising futures by integrating educational and environmental aspects. Finally, it is suggested to use analytical perspectives from authors such as Isabelle Stengers, Donna Haraway, and Ailton Krenak to understand and address the challenges posed.

Resumen El texto aborda el análisis de la pandemia global de diciembre de 2021, causada por el virus Sars-Cov 2, que resultó en millones de muertes y transformó la vida social, institucional y familiar. Tras la estabilización del Covid en varias regiones, se destaca la necesidad de reflexionar sobre los dos años de casi total confinamiento, reconociendo que esta crisis es una superposición de crisis en salud, social, política, económica, educativa y ambiental. Se plantea la importancia de examinar las implicaciones para el ámbito pedagógico y la formación profesional en la “nueva normalidad”. Se propone un análisis histórico de la pandemia desde perspectivas psicológicas, sociales, culturales, educativas y ambientales. Se aboga por aprender de la experiencia, revisar las acciones pedagógicas virtuales y construir futuros más prometedores, integrando lo educativo y ambiental. Finalmente, se sugiere utilizar perspectivas analíticas de autores como Isabelle Stengers, Donna Haraway y Ailton Krenak para comprender y abordar los desafíos planteados.

Resumen Las desigualdades estructurales sociales y de distinto tipo, intrínsecas al capitalismo, se profundizaron con la pandemia de Covid-19 hasta límites insostenibles para los sectores subalternos, entre los cuales se ubican los conjuntos de migrantes en situación administrativa irregular de los distintos países. A través de un enfoque antropológico transnacional, auxiliado por la etnografía virtual, se aborda el impacto sociosanitario que tuvo la crisis pandémica para estos grupos en Barcelona, São Paulo y Buenos Aires durante 2022-2023, así como sus respuestas grupales-comunitarias para contener y sobrellevar sus necesidades inmediatas y urgentes, más allá de las políticas públicas implementadas en cada país/región/ciudad, con desigual cobertura y eficacia. La realidad abordada, entonces, conjuga esas carencias estructurales que no fueron resueltas como consecuencia de la crisis desatada a partir de la pandemia, con nuevas problemáticas sociosanitarias derivadas de las necesidades de supervivencia de los migrantes en cada contexto, destacándose el protagonismo de las mujeres. tipo capitalismo Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 subalternos países transnacional virtual Barcelona 20222023, 20222023 2022 2023, 2023 2022-2023 grupalescomunitarias grupales comunitarias urgentes paísregiónciudad país región ciudad país/región/ciudad eficacia abordada entonces contexto mujeres Covid1 1 Covid- 2022202 202 2022-202 202220 20 2022-20 20222 2 2022-2 2022-

Abstract Social and other structural inequalities, intrinsic to capitalism, deepened with the Covid-19 pandemic up to unsustainable limits for the subaltern sectors, among which are located the groups of migrants in irregular administrative situations from the different countries. Through an anthropological transnational approach, aided by virtual ethnography, is addressed the socio-sanitary impact that the pandemic crisis had for these groups in Barcelona, São Paulo y Buenos Aires for the period 2022-2023, as well as their group-community responses to contain and cope with their immediate and urgent needs, beyond the public policies implemented in each country/region/city, with unequal coverage and effectiveness. The reality addressed, then, combines those structural deficiencies that were not resolved as a result of the crisis unleashed by the pandemic, with new social and health problems arising from the survival needs of migrants in each context, highlighting the leading role played by women. inequalities capitalism Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 sectors countries approach ethnography sociosanitary socio sanitary Barcelona 20222023, 20222023 2022 2023, 2023 2022-2023 groupcommunity group community countryregioncity country region city country/region/city effectiveness then context women Covid1 1 Covid- 2022202 202 2022-202 202220 20 2022-20 20222 2 2022-2 2022-

Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las instituciones de educación superior tuvieron que adoptar un formato de aprendizaje diferente al de las clases presenciales. Una de las alternativas fue la llamada Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia (ERL), que transformó la enseñanza presencial tradicional en instrucción remota sincrónica. Este estudio tiene como objetivo obtener información sobre las mejores prácticas de aprendizaje en línea a partir de una encuesta en la que estudiantes de una universidad brasileña respondieron periódicamente a una pregunta abierta sobre su experiencia con ERL durante un período determinado. Los datos se recopilaron en diferentes momentos durante el primer año de la pandemia y abarcaron más de 19.000 respuestas. Las respuestas de los estudiantes a la pregunta abierta se analizaron utilizando el marco de las Comunidades Académicas de Compromiso (ACE). El análisis de las percepciones sobre el período de ERL permitió reflexionar sobre aspectos relevantes del compromiso emocional, cognitivo y conductual de los estudiantes, con posibles aplicaciones en contextos de enseñanza en línea sincrónicos o asincrónicos. Los estudiantes asociaron el aprendizaje remoto con modalidades en línea, expresando agotamiento y dificultades para manejar los estudios, el trabajo y la familia. Los comentarios negativos sobre la tecnología, la metodología y los instructores afectaron las dimensiones cognitivas, emocionales y conductuales. Los datos subrayan que las actividades sincrónicas en línea requieren tecnología accesible, estrategias específicas y métodos que fomenten la colaboración para generar compromiso. Este artículo proporciona contribución significativa sobre la implementación de la enseñanza remota dirigida al aprendizaje y la satisfacción de los estudiantes.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education institutions needed to adopt a different learning format from in-person classes. One of the alternatives was the so-called Emergency Remote Learning (ERL), transforming traditional in-person teaching into synchronous remote instruction. This study aims to gain insights into online learning best practices based on a Brazilian university survey in which students periodically responded to an open-ended question about their experience with ERL over a determined period. Data was collected at different times during the first year of the pandemic and encompassed more than 19,000 responses. Students' responses to the open-ended question were analyzed using the Academic Communities of Engagement (ACE) framework. Analyzing student perceptions of the ERL period allowed for reflection on relevant aspects of students' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement, with potential applications in synchronous or asynchronous online teaching contexts. Students associated remote learning with online modalities, expressing exhaustion and difficulties managing studies, work, and family. Negative comments regarding technology, methodology, and instructors affected cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions. The data underscores that online synchronous activities necessitate accessible technology, specific strategies, and methods that foster collaboration to build engagement. This article gives insights for implementing remote teaching experiences aimed at student learning and satisfaction.

Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, as instituições de ensino superior precisaram adotar um formato de aprendizado diferente das aulas presenciais. Uma das alternativas foi o chamado Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERL), transformando o ensino presencial tradicional em ensino remoto síncrono. Este estudo tem como objetivo obter informações sobre as melhores práticas de aprendizagem online com base nas respostas de estudantes de uma universidade brasileira a uma pergunta aberta, aplicada periodicamente em uma pesquisa online, sobre sua experiência com o ERL durante o primeiro ano da pandemia. Os dados foram coletados em diferentes momentos do ano, tendo sido coletadas mais de 19.000 respostas. As respostas à pergunta aberta foram analisadas usando a estrutura das Comunidades Acadêmicas de Engajamento (ACE). A análise das percepções dos estudantes sobre o período de ERL permitiu realizar uma reflexão sobre aspectos relevantes do envolvimento emocional, cognitivo e comportamental dos alunos, com potenciais aplicações em contextos de ensino online síncronos ou assíncronos. Os estudantes associaram o ensino remoto às modalidades online, expressando exaustão e dificuldades de gestão de estudos, trabalho e família. Comentários negativos sobre tecnologia, metodologia e professores afetaram as dimensões cognitiva, emocional e comportamental. Os dados ressaltam que as atividades síncronas online exigem tecnologia acessível, estratégias específicas e métodos que promovam a colaboração para criar engajamento. Este artigo fornece contribuições sobre estratégias para a implementação de experiências de ensino remoto que objetivem o aprendizado e a satisfação dos estudantes.