Resumo No norte central do Chile, lagoas efêmeras constituem corpos de água isolados e pouco profundos, com um habitat favorável para a fauna adaptada as mudanças sazonais que as zonas úmidas estão sujeitas. Com relação a estes ecossistemas, sabe-se pouco sobre sua fauna, principalmente a de insetos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a riqueza, composição, estrutura e similaridade das comunidades de insetos que habitam as lagoas temporárias de Huentelauquén (29º S, Região de Coquimbo, Chile). Usando armadilhas de interceptação, se capturou um total de 10.762 indivíduos, pertencentes a 7 ordens, 27 famílias e 51 espécies. Coleoptera e Hymenoptera foram as ordens mais representativas, enquanto Neuroptera, Orthoptera e Plecoptera foram grupos pouco representativos. Os estimadores não paramétricos avaliados mostraram valores de riqueza superiores ao observados para todas as lagoas estudadas, e suas curvas de acumulação parecem indicar que o inventario da comunidade estudada está incompleto. A análise hierárquica e de ordenamento revelou agrupamentos de lagoas correspondentes a zona nordeste e sudeste de Huentelauquén. Preliminarmente encontramos uma correlação negativa entre a área de lagoas efêmeras e a riqueza (espécies) e abundância de insetos. É necessário realizar estudos adicionais (sobre outros grupos de artrópodes e em outras estações do ano) para melhor compreensão dos processos locais de extinção e colonização das espécies que habitam estes frágeis ambientes costeiros estudados.

Abstract In northern central Chile, ephemeral pools constitute shallow isolated water bodies with a favourable habitat for fauna adapted to seasonal changes. Based on the limited knowledge about the fauna—particularly insects—associated to these ecosystems, the objective of this study was to characterize the richness, composition, structure and similarity of the insect communities associated with ephemeral pools in Huentelauquén (29º S, Coquimbo Region, Chile). By using pitfall traps, 10,762 individuals were captured, represented by 7 orders, 27 families, and 51 species. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were the best represented orders, with Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Plecoptera being poorly represented groups. The non-parametric estimators evaluated showed wealth values above those observed for all the studied pools, and their accumulation curves suggest the existence of an incomplete species inventory in the studied community. Additionally, the hierarchical and ordering analysis showed groupings of pools located in the northwest and southeast of Huentelauquén. Preliminarily we found a negative correlation between the area of the pools and the richness (species) and abundance of insects. Additional studies (on other arthropod groups and other seasons of the year) could provide a better understanding of the local processes of extinction and colonization of the species inhabiting these fragile coastal environments.

ABSTRACT We report for the first time a tritrophic relationship (host-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid) among Conocephalus saltator (Sausurre, 1859) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae), Ormia cfr. crespoi Tavares, 1965 (Diptera, Tachinidae), and Perilampus sp. (Hymenoptera, Perilampidae). Specimens of C. saltator were collected at the Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil) and reared in the laboratory, in order to detect eventual parasitoids. We collected and reared 904 katydids, with 113 of them parasitized, producing 123 fly puparia, and 18 puparia that developed to adults of Ormia cfr. crespoi. We also recorded the emergence of four hyperparasitoid wasps, Perilampus sp., from the fly puparia. hostparasitoidhyperparasitoid host parasitoid (host-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid Sausurre, Sausurre (Sausurre 1859 Orthoptera, Orthoptera (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae, Tettigoniidae , Tettigoniidae) cfr Tavares 196 Diptera, Diptera (Diptera Tachinidae, Tachinidae Tachinidae) sp Hymenoptera, Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Perilampidae. Perilampidae . Perilampidae) C Foz Paraná Brazil laboratory parasitoids 90 katydids 11 parasitized 12 1 wasps 185 19 9

Resumen El melanoplino Scotussa lemniscata (Stål), es considerado una de las especies de acridios plaga de los pastizales de la región pampeana. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue estimar las tasas de consumo de machos y hembras de S. lemniscata desde el quinto estadio de desarrollo hasta el estadio adulto bajo condiciones controladas (30ºC, 14L: 10O, 40% HR). Los ensayos de consumo fueron llevados a cabo utilizando como recurso alimenticio el pasto forrajero perenne Festuca arundinacea (Schreber) (Poaceae). El estudio de estos aspectos es importante para realizar una determinación más precisa del estatus de plaga de esta especie. Los resultados muestran que el consumo realizado por los individuos según su sexo y estadio de desarrollo fue significativamente diferente, el consumo incrementó desde el quinto estadio hasta los adultos pre-reproductivo en ambos sexos, también se observó que las hembras adultas consumieron (118,81 ± 9,41 mg/día) significativamente más que el resto de los individuos. Los machos adultos tuvieron un consumo diario similar al de las ninfas hembras de quinto estadio. Estos conocimientos pueden contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias eficaces y sostenibles de manejo de las poblaciones de estos insectos.

Abstract The Melanoplinae Scotussa lemniscata (Stål), is considered a pest grasshopper of the Pampa region grasslands of Argentina. The goal of this study was to estimate the consumption rates of males and females S. lemniscata as fifth-instar nymphs and adults under controlled conditions (30ºC, 14L:10D, 40% RH). The consumption trials were carried out using the perennial grass Festuca arundinacea (Schreber) (Poaceae) as food source. The study of these aspects is necessary to determine its current pest status more accurately. Consumption rates differed according to sex and stage of development. These where higher in the pre-reproductive adult stage vs. fifth-instar nymphs for both sexes. Additionally adult females consumed significantly more (118.81 ± 9.41 mg/day) than the rest of individuals. The consumption of adult males and fifth-instar females was similar. Knowledge on consumption rates could contribute to the development of effective sustainable population management strategies.

Abstract In Ensifera (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), males produce acoustic signals through tegminal stridulation; these signals act primarily to attract sexually receptive conspecific females for mating. The study of bioacoustics is also a complementary tool in traditional morphological studies since these signals are species-specific and allow the differentiation of morphologically similar (cryptic) taxa. Acoustic signals represent an important intra and interspecific communication system. Members of the family Tettigoniidae are remarkable for producing acoustic signals that are frequently inaudible to the human ear [frequency (f) > 20 kHz]. Although Mexico is endowed with an extensive diversity of insects, few studies have focused on their acoustic repertoire. In this work, we describe for the first time, the ultrasonic acoustic calling signal of Obolopteryx eurycercaBarrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2016. The specimens studied were collected in the municipality of Hidalgo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The males’ calling signal is made up of echemes of three syllables, emitted in a continuous fashion for long periods of time (± 1h). The acoustic signal of O. eurycerca is compared with that of O. castanea (Rehn & Hebard, 1914) and the advantages of ultrasonic acoustic communication in Ensifera are discussed.

Resumen En Ensifera (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), los machos producen señales acústicas mediante estridulación tegminal; estas señales funcionan en primera instancia para atraer hembras conespecíficas sexualmente receptivas. El estudio de la bioacústica es, además, una herramienta complementaria en estudios morfológicos tradicionales, ya que estas señales son especie-específicas y permiten diferenciar especies morfológicamente similares (crípticas). Las señales acústicas representan un sistema importante de comunicación intra e interespecífico. Los miembros de la familia Tettigoniidae se destacan por la producción de señales acústicas que frecuentemente son inaudibles al oído humano [frecuencia (f) > de 20 kHz]. México posee una amplia diversidad de insectos, sin embargo, pocos estudios se han enfocado al conocimiento del repertorio acústico de éstos. En este trabajo se describe por primera vez el canto ultrasónico de llamado de Obolopteryx eurycercaBarrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2016. Ejemplares en estudio se recolectaron en el municipio de Hidalgo, Tamaulipas, México. La señal acústica de llamado de los machos consiste en la producción de equemas de tres sílabas, que se emiten en forma continua por periodos largos de tiempo (± 1h). Se compara la señal acústica de O. eurycerca con la de O. castanea (Rehn & Hebard, 1914) y se discuten las ventajas de la comunicación acústica ultrasónica en Ensifera.

Platycyamus regnellii is a Brazilian tree used in landscaping, degraded area recovery, and its wood for furniture. It is evaluated the ecological indices and interactions between the groups of arthropods on P. regnellii leaf surface. Highest numbers of phytophagous arthropods Orthoptera Tettigoniidae and Tropidacris collaris (Romaleidae), and Hemiptera Pentatomidae; natural enemies Hymenoptera Camponotus sp. and Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Formicidae), and Diptera Dolichopodidae; and abundance and species richness of chewing insects and protocooperating ants were observed on the adaxial leaf face of P. regnellii plants. Abundance of spiders correlated, positively, with that of chewing insects and number of spiders with that of T. collaris. The knowledge of the leaf face, preferred by herbivorous insects, helps in the correct application of pesticides in integrated pest management programs.

Platycyamus regnellii es un árbol brasileño utilizado para paisajismo, recuperación de áreas degradadas y su madera para muebles. Se evalúan los índices e interacciones ecológicos entre los grupos de artrópodos en la superficie foliar de P. regnellii. Mayor número de artrópodos fitófagos Orthoptera Tettigoniidae y Tropidacris collaris (Romaleidae), y Hemiptera Pentatomidae; enemigos naturales Hymenoptera Camponotus sp. y Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Formicidae) y Diptera Dolichopodidae; y se observó abundancia y riqueza de especies de insectos masticadores y hormigas protocooperadoras en la cara adaxial de la hoja de plantas de P. regnellii. La abundancia de arañas se correlacionó positivamente con la de insectos masticadores y el número de arañas con la de T. collaris. El conocimiento de la cara foliar, preferida por los insectos herbívoros, ayuda en la correcta aplicación de pesticidas en programas de manejo integrado de plagas.

Resumo A fertilização com lodo de esgoto desidratado pode acelerar o processo de recuperação de áreas degradadas devido à concentração de nutrientes, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de plantas pioneiras tais como Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) e de seus insetos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e predadores e seus índices e relações ecológicas em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado, em área degradada, durante 24 meses. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizados com dois tratamentos (com e sem adubação com lodo de esgoto desidratado) e 24 repetições (uma repetição = uma planta). O maior número de insetos mastigadores Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae) e Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), de desfolha, e do índice ecológico abundância de Coleoptera e de Orthoptera foram maiores em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas do que nas não fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado. Plantas de A. auriculiformis, com maior quantidade de galhos/árvore, apresentaram maiores abundâncias de Coleoptera e Orthoptera, riqueza de espécies de insetos polinizadores, desfolha e números de Parasyphraea sp. e T. collaris, e as com maior folhas/galho os de riqueza de espécies de Coleoptera e Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Por tanto, a utilização de A. auriculiformis, adubada com lodo de esgoto desidratado, é promissora na recuperação de áreas degradadas devido ao aumento dos índices ecológicos de insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e aranhas na área.

Abstract Fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge can speed up the recovery process of degraded areas due to nutrients concentration, favoring the development of pioneer plants such as Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) and the emergence of insects. This study aimed the evaluation of chewing, pollinating insects, predators, their ecological indices and relationships on A. auriculiformis plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 repetitions. The prevalence of chewing insects Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae), and Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), defoliation, and ecological indices of abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera were observed on fertilized A. auriculiformis. Acacia auriculiformis plants, with a superior number of branches/tree, revealed greater abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera, species richness of pollinating insects, defoliation, numbers of Parasyphraea sp. and T. collaris. The ones with larger leaves/branches displayed greater abundance of species richness of Coleoptera and Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Therefore, the use of A. auriculiformis plants, fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, is promising in the recovery of degraded areas due to the ecological indices increase of chewing and pollinators insects and spiders in the analyzed area.

Abstract Acacia mangium (Willd.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) tree shows applicability in programs to recover degraded areas due to its fast-growing, rustic, pioneer species, with the potential to fix nitrogen. However, this plant is attacked by pests. It is important to know, among them, the most important. This study aims to evaluate the herbivorous insects (loss sources) and their natural enemies (solution sources) on 48 A. mangium saplings. They were classified according to their ability to damage or reduce the source of damage on these saplings using the percentage of the Importance Index-Production Unknown (% I.I.-P.U.). The loss sources Trigona spinipes Fabr. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera), Phenacoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Aethalion reticulatum L. (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae), and Tropidacris collaris Stoll. (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), showed the highest % I.I.-P.U. on leaves of A. mangium saplings. The solution sources Oxyopidae (Araneae), Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and Brachymyrmex sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), showed the highest % I.I.-P.U. on leaves of A. mangium saplings. The number of Lordops sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was reduced per number of Brachymyrmex sp.; that of T. collaris those of Oxyopidae and Brachymyrmex sp.; and that of Tettigoniidae that of P. termitarius, totaling 8.93% of reduction of these herbivorous insects (numbers) on A. mangium saplings. These herbivorous insects turn into problems in commercial plantations of this plant since to are related to pests in some crops. These tending ants and Oxyopidae can be important on A. mangium commercial crops because they can reduce the number of these herbivorous insects. Willd. Willd (Willd. Fabales (Fabales Fabaceae fastgrowing, fastgrowing fast growing, growing fast-growing rustic species nitrogen However know them 4 A IndexProduction Index Production ( I.I.P.U.. IIPU I.I. P.U. . I P U I.I.-P.U.) Fabr Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Apidae, Apidae , Apidae) Hemiptera, Hemiptera (Hemiptera) sp (Hemiptera Pseudococcidae, Pseudococcidae Pseudococcidae) L Aethalionidae, Aethalionidae Aethalionidae) Stoll Orthoptera (Orthoptera Romaleidae, Romaleidae Romaleidae) I.I.P.U. I.I.-P.U Araneae, Araneae (Araneae) Smith (Smith Formicidae, Formicidae Formicidae) Coleoptera (Coleoptera Curculionidae T 893 8 93 8.93 numbers (numbers (Willd II I.I PU P.U I.I.P.U (Araneae 89 9 8.9 8.

Resumo A Acacia mangium (Willd.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) apresenta aplicabilidade em programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas devido ao seu rápido crescimento, espécie rústica, pioneira, com potencial de fixação de nitrogênio. No entanto, esta planta é atacada por pragas. É importante saber, entre eles, o mais importante. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os insetos herbívoros (fontes de perda) e seus inimigos naturais (fontes de solução) em 48 mudas A. mangium. Eles foram classificados de acordo com sua capacidade de danificar ou reduzir a fonte de dano nessas mudas usando o percentual do Índice de Importância-Produção Desconhecido (% I.I.-P.U.). As fontes de perda Trigona spinipes Fabr. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera), Phenacoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Aethalion reticulatum L. (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) e Tropidacris Collaris Stoll. (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), apresentaram os maiores % I.I.-P.U. em folhas de mudas de A. mangium. As fontes de solução Oxyopidae (Araneae), Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e Brachymyrmex sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) apresentaram os maiores % I.I.-P.U. nas folhas de mudas de A. mangium. O número de Lordops sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) foi reduzido pelo número de Brachymyrmex sp.; a de T. collaris pelos de Oxyopidae e Brachymyrmex sp.; e a de Tettigoniidae pelo de P. termitarius, totalizando 8,93% de redução destes insetos herbívoros (números) em mudas de A. mangium. Esses insetos herbívoros podem se tornar problemas em plantações comerciais desta planta, pois estes estão relacionados como pragas em algumas culturas. Essas formigas e Oxyopidae podem ser importantes em cultivos comerciais de A. mangium, pois podem reduzir o número desses insetos herbívoros. Willd. Willd (Willd. Fabales (Fabales Fabaceae crescimento rústica pioneira nitrogênio entanto saber eles 4 ImportânciaProdução Importância Produção ( I.I.P.U.. IIPU I.I. P.U. . I P U I.I.-P.U.) Fabr Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Apidae, Apidae , Apidae) Hemiptera, Hemiptera (Hemiptera) sp (Hemiptera Pseudococcidae, Pseudococcidae Pseudococcidae) L Aethalionidae Stoll Orthoptera (Orthoptera Romaleidae, Romaleidae Romaleidae) I.I.P.U. I.I.-P.U Araneae, Araneae (Araneae) Smith (Smith Formicidae Coleoptera (Coleoptera Curculionidae T 893 8 93 8,93 números (números culturas (Willd II I.I PU P.U I.I.P.U (Araneae 89 9 8,9 8,

Abstract Management programs and efficient techniques are necessary to recover degraded ecosystems. The sewage sludge is rich in nitrogen (N) and with the potential to fertilize Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapinales: Sapindaceae), used in the recovery of degraded areas; this can affect the insect fauna. The study's objective was to evaluate, for 24 months, the abundance of chewing insects, dipterans, pollinators, and predators on S. saponaria plants fertilized with or without dehydrated sewage sludge in a degraded area. The experimental design was completely randomized (with the same characteristics) with two treatments (with or without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 replicates, each with one plant. The abundance of Anastrepha sp. (Tephritidae), Cerotoma sp. (Chrysomelidae), Curculionidae, Musca domestica L. (Muscidae), Mantis religiosa L. (Mantodea: Mantidae), Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera), and Teudis sp. (Anyphaenidae) was higher on fertilized plants. The abundances of Teudis sp. and Tmarus sp. (Thomisidae) and M. religiosa and Teudis sp. were positively correlated with chewing insects and Diptera, respectively. The population increase of insects and spiders on S. saponaria plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge (bigger crowns) has shown to be suitable for recovering degraded areas with a higher number of niches and better food quality, improving the ecological indices of the area. ecosystems N (N L Sapinales (Sapinales Sapindaceae, Sapindaceae , Sapindaceae) fauna studys study s evaluate 2 months dipterans pollinators S area characteristics replicates plant sp Tephritidae, Tephritidae (Tephritidae) Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelidae) Curculionidae Muscidae, Muscidae (Muscidae) Mantodea (Mantodea Mantidae, Mantidae Mantidae) Oxyopidae Salticidae Orthoptera, Orthoptera (Orthoptera) Anyphaenidae (Anyphaenidae Thomisidae (Thomisidae M Diptera respectively bigger crowns quality (Tephritidae (Chrysomelidae (Muscidae (Orthoptera

Resumo A degradação de ecossistemas torna necessário programas de manejo e técnicas eficientes para recuperá-los. O lodo de esgoto é rico em nitrogênio e com potencial para adubar Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapinales: Sapindaceae), utilizada na recuperação de áreas degradadas, mas isto pode afetar a fauna de insetos. O objetivo foi avaliar, durante 24 meses, abundância de insetos mastigadores, dípteros, polinizadores e predadores em plantas de S. saponaria fertilizadas ou não com lodo de esgoto desidratado, em área degradada. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado com dois tratamentos (com ou sem lodo desidratado de esgoto) e 24 repetições, cada uma com uma planta. A abundância de Anastrepha sp. (Tephritidae), Cerotoma sp. (Chrysomelidae), Curculionidae, Musca domestica L. (Muscidae), Mantis religiosa L. (Mantodea: Mantidae), Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) e Teudis sp. (Anyphaenidae) foi maior em plantas adubadas. A abundância de Teudis sp. e Tmarus sp. (Thomisidae) e M. religiosa e Teudis sp. foi, positivamente, correlacionada com as de insetos mastigadores e Diptera, respectivamente. O aumento populacional de insetos e aranhas em plantas de S. saponaria, adubada com lodo desidratado de esgoto (maiores copas), mostra ser adequado para a recuperação de áreas degradadas, tendo essas plantas um maior número de nichos e com alimento de melhor qualidade, melhorando os índices ecológicos na área. recuperálos. recuperálos recuperá los. los recuperá-los L Sapinales (Sapinales Sapindaceae, Sapindaceae , Sapindaceae) degradadas avaliar 2 meses dípteros S degradada repetições planta sp Tephritidae, Tephritidae (Tephritidae) Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelidae) Curculionidae Muscidae, Muscidae (Muscidae) Mantodea (Mantodea Mantidae, Mantidae Mantidae) Oxyopidae Salticidae Orthoptera (Orthoptera Anyphaenidae (Anyphaenidae adubadas Thomisidae (Thomisidae M positivamente Diptera respectivamente maiores copas, copas copas) qualidade (Tephritidae (Chrysomelidae (Muscidae

ABSTRACT Pair-formation, courtship, copulatory, and post-copulatory behaviors of Eidmanacris meridionalis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995, were described under laboratory conditions and compared with congeneric species and other Phalangopsidae crickets whose mating behavior has been previously studied. Field observations for the species are also reported. Mating behaviors were observed in E. meridionalis couples: they first remained motionless, and then began walking through the arena screening the substrate. Mating behavior started with antennal contact, followed by males positioning themselves in front of females, that, when receptive, mounted on the males back and started feeding on metanotum secretions of the males. Copulation (female-above-male position) started with the engaging of copulatory structures and stopped with couple detachment. The end-to-end position was observed once, right after couple detachment. Males always remained with the spermatophore, which was eaten after removal or, alternatively, left in the substrate. The main differences in mating behavior of Eidmanacris species regard the mating position and the duration of the reproductive stages, suggesting that other reproductive repertoires can be observed in the genus since 27 species have not yet been studied in regards their reproductive behavior. We can also assume that the morphological, genetic, and chemical diversity found among the species of Phalangopsidae reflects in the behaviors of pair-formation, courtship, copulation, and post-copulation, leading to a diversity of copulation positions, duration of the stages, methods of attracting partners and parental investment. The description of Phalangopsidae mating patterns can provide important information for future evolutionary and phylogenetic studies, apart from useful for distinguishing cryptic species. Pairformation, Pairformation Pair formation, formation Pair-formation courtship postcopulatory post DesutterGrandcolas, DesutterGrandcolas Desutter Grandcolas, Grandcolas Desutter-Grandcolas 1995 reported E couples motionless substrate contact females receptive femaleabovemale female above male detachment endtoend end once spermatophore or alternatively stages 2 morphological genetic pairformation, pairformation pair pair-formation postcopulation, postcopulation post-copulation positions investment studies 199 19 1

Abstract Seasonality is one of the main characteristics of a tropical dry forest that affects the structure of ecological communities. In this context, we evaluated the seasonal diversity of ferns and insects in the tropical dry forest of Morelos, Mexico, to determine whether a relationship exists between the presence of each of these two groups. Hill’s numbers indicated differences in the diversity of both groups according to season. In the rainy season, we recorded the highest diversity of ferns, with 6,471 individuals. In contrast, in the dry season, we recorded only 293 individuals. Regarding the insects, we collected 723 individuals in the rainy season and 171 individuals in the dry season. The order Orthoptera was the most abundant (50%). The best-represented functional group according to feeding guild was that of chewing herbivores. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between insect and fern abundances since, for both groups, the minimum abundance was presented in the dry season and the maximum abundance in the rainy season. We recorded 12 orders of insects associated with eight ferns in the rainy season. Seasonal studies that consider different biological groups are necessary to understand how changes in resource availability shape temporal patterns of species diversity. communities context Morelos Mexico Hills Hill s 6471 6 471 6,47 contrast 29 72 17 50%. 50 50% . (50%) bestrepresented best represented herbivores since 1 647 47 6,4 2 7 5 (50% 64 4 6, (50 (5 (

Resumen La estacionalidad es una de las principales características de los bosques tropicales secos que afectan la estructura de las comunidades ecológicas. En este contexto, evaluamos la diversidad estacional de helechos e insectos en el bosque tropical seco de Morelos, México, para determinar si existe una relación entre la presencia de estos dos grupos. Los números de Hill indicaron diferencias en la diversidad de ambos grupos según la temporada. En la época de lluvias registramos la mayor diversidad de helechos, con 6,471 individuos. En contraste, en la estación seca registramos solo 293 individuos. Con respecto a los insectos, colectamos 723 individuos en la época de lluvias y 171 individuos en la época seca. El orden Orthoptera fue el más abundante (50%). El grupo funcional mejor representado según el gremio alimenticio fue el de los herbívoros masticadores. El análisis de correlación reveló una relación positiva entre las abundancias de insectos y helechos ya que, para ambos grupos, la menor abundancia se presentó en la época seca y la abundancia mayor en la época lluviosa. Registramos 12 órdenes de insectos asociados a ocho helechos en la temporada de lluvias. Se necesitan estudios estacionales que consideren diferentes grupos biológicos para comprender cómo los cambios en la disponibilidad de recursos dan forma a los patrones temporales de la diversidad de especies. ecológicas contexto Morelos México 6471 6 471 6,47 contraste 29 72 17 50%. 50 50% . (50%) masticadores lluviosa 1 especies 647 47 6,4 2 7 5 (50% 64 4 6, (50 (5 (

Abstract The goal of this study was to assess the status of Dichroplus elongatus and Borellia bruneri as actual agricultural pests in the Argentine Pampas by determining their abundance, distribution, and associated forage loss. The study was conducted in Laprida and Tandil, two counties in Buenos Aires province. In each county 20 sampling sites were established and monitored from 2012 to 2018. B. bruneri was more abundant and with a wider distribution in Laprida (91.4% of the sites) than in Tandil (42.1% of the sites) while D. elongatus abundance was significantly higher from 2012 to 2016 in Tandil than in Laprida and its distribution was wide in Laprida (75% of the sites) and very wide in Tandil (77.14%). Under field-cage conditions forage loss caused at three different densities (8, 16, and 32 ind/m2) of D. elongatus and B. bruneri adults on a pasture of Festuca arundinacea was estimated. Forage loss caused by D. elongatus was significantly higher than that caused by B. bruneri. Dichroplus elongatus caused a significant decrease in biomass at the three densities respect to the control, while B. bruneri only caused a significant decrease at the highest density. Our study suggests that although the gomphocerine B. bruneri is an abundant and widely-distributed species capable of doing some damage in the grasslands of the southern Pampas, it is comparatively much less harmful than the melanopline D. elongatus. province 2 201 2018 B 91.4% 914 91 4 (91.4 42.1% 421 42 1 (42.1 D 75% 75 (75 77.14%. 7714 77.14% . 77 14 (77.14%) fieldcage field cage 8, 8 (8 16 3 ind/m2 indm2 indm ind m2 m estimated control density widelydistributed widely distributed 91.4 9 (91. 42.1 (42. 7 (7 771 77.14 (77.14% ( ind/m 91. (91 42. (42 77.1 (77.14 (9 (4 77. (77.1 (77. (77

Abstract Mitochondrial genomes have provided significant insights into the evolution of several insects. A typical mitogenome contains 37 genes, and variations in gene order can indicate evolutionary relationships between species. In this study, we have assembled the first complete mitogenomes of Endecous chape and E. onthophagus and analyzed the phylogenetic implications for the Gryllidea infraorder. We performed DNA extractions and genome sequencing for both Endecous species. Subsequently, we searched for raw data in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) in NCBI. Using the SRA data, we assembled the partial mitogenome of Dianemobius nigrofasciatus and annotated the protein-coding genes (PCGs) for nine species. Phylogenomic relationships were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI), utilizing the PCGs from 49 Gryllidea species. The mitogenome lengths of E. chape and E. onthophagus are 16,266 bp and 16,023 bp, respectively, while D. nigrofasciatus has a length of 15,359 bp. Our results indicate that species within the infraorder exhibit four types of gene order arrangements that align with their phylogenetic relationships. Both phylogenomic trees displayed strong support, and the ML corroborated with the literature. Gryllidea species have significantly contributed to various fields, and studying their mitogenomes can provide valuable insights into this infraorder evolution. insects 3 study E Subsequently (SRA NCBI proteincoding protein coding (PCGs (ML BI, BI , (BI) 4 16266 16 266 16,26 16023 023 16,02 respectively D 15359 15 359 15,35 support literature fields (BI 1626 1 26 16,2 1602 02 16,0 1535 35 15,3 162 2 16, 160 0 153 15,

Abstract The Stenopelmatus talpa species-group (Stenopelmatidae) comprises cricket-like orthopterans distributed across the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) morphotectonic province and adjacent areas in central Mexico. Despite recent efforts, the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships for members of this complex still are far from completely known. Here we generated and characterized the mitochondrial (mt) genome of 14 specimens of the S. talpa species- group and evaluated its species limits with the cox1 barcoding locus. Moreover, based on the mt genome DNA sequence data, we also reconstructed its phylogenetic relationships and made inferences about its biogeographic history based on a relaxed molecular clock analysis. A total of 9 species were delimited using a 2% pairwise distance criterion, which were consistent with our best estimate of phylogeny. The relationships recovered for the S. talpa species-group were similar although with more recent divergence time estimates than those obtained in a previous phylogenetic study, suggesting that its origin and subsequent diversification in the TMVB followed an east-central pattern, with its earliest divergence occurring during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene.

Resumen El grupo de especies Stenopelmatus talpa (Stenopelmatidae) agrupa a ortópteros similares en apariencia a grillos que se encuentran distribuidos en la provincia morfotectónica del Eje Neovolcánico Transversal (ENT) y áreas adyacentes en el centro de México. A pesar de esfuerzos recientes, la taxonomía y las relaciones evolutivas de los miembros de este complejo aún están lejos de conocerse por completo. En este trabajo se caracteriza el genoma mitocondrial de 14 ejemplares del grupo de especies S. talpa y se evalúan sus límites de especie utilizando el marcador mitocondrial cox1. Con base en la secuencia completa del genoma mitocondrial se reconstruyeron las relaciones filogenéticas del grupo y se hicieron inferencias sobre su historia biogeográfica. Se delimitaron un total de 9 especies con base en un criterio de 2% de divergencia, las cuales fueron consistentes con nuestra reconstrucción filogenética. Las relaciones obtenidas para el grupo de especies S. talpa fueron similares, aunque con estimaciones de tiempos de divergencia más recientes a las obtenidas en un estudio filogenético anterior, lo que sugiere que su origen y subsecuente diversificación en el ENT siguió un patrón este-centro, ocurriendo el evento de divergencia más temprano entre el Plioceno tardío y el Pleistoceno temprano.

Abstract We carried out a taxonomic revision of the Stenopelmatus talpa species group (Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatini), a poorly studied group of orthopterans whose species are distributed along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and adjacent areas of the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre del Sur in Central Mexico. We examined both external morphological and male internal genitalia features, and also carried out a molecular species delimitation based on DNA barcoding. An integrative approach based on congruence of morphological and molecular evidence helped to delimit 9 species for the S. talpa species group, 7 of which are new to science whereas the remaining 2 are already described, S. talpa and S. typhlops. We described 4 out of the above 7 new species: Stenopelmatus chilango sp. nov., S. purepecha sp. nov., S. sierragordaensis sp. nov. and S. tlaxcalli sp. nov. A key to the described species of the S. talpa species group is provided. Our study highlights the relevance of the male internal genitalia as a valuable character system to delimit species in Stenopelmatus.

Resumen Realizamos una revisión taxonómica del grupo de especies Stenopelmatus talpa (Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatini), un grupo de ortópteros poco estudiado cuyas especies se distribuyen a lo largo de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana y áreas adyacentes de la Sierra Madre Oriental y Sierra Madre del Sur en el centro de México. Examinamos características tanto de la morfología externa como de genitales internos masculinos y también llevamos a cabo una delimitación de especies basada en códigos de barras de ADN. Un enfoque integrador basado en la congruencia de evidencia morfológica y molecular ayudó a delimitar 9 especies para el grupo de especies S. talpa, 7 de las cuales son nuevas para la ciencia, mientras que las 2 restantes ya están descritas, S. talpa y S. typhlops. Describimos 4 de las 7 especies nuevas: Stenopelmatus chilango sp. nov., S. purepecha sp. nov., S. sierragordaensis sp. nov. y S. tlaxcalli sp. nov. Se proporciona una clave para las especies descritas del grupo de especies S. talpa. Nuestro estudio destaca la relevancia de los genitales internos masculinos como un sistema de caracteres valioso para delimitar especies en Stenopelmatus.

Abstract The taxonomy of the transitional Nearctic-Neotropical lubber grasshopper genus Romalea (Romaleidae) is revised, considering Taeniopoda as its junior synonym (syn. n.). Twelve species of Romalea are recognized, whose distribution extends from southern USA to Panama. The following species are redescribed: R. auricornis (Walker, 1870), comb. rev., R. citricornis (Bruner, 1907), comb. n., R. centurio (Drury, 1773), comb. rev., R. eques (Burmeister, 1838), comb. rev., R. gutturosa (Bolívar, 1901), comb. n., R. microptera (Palisot de Beauvois, 1817), R. obscura (Bruner, 1907), comb. n. (= Taeniopoda bicristata), R. picticornis (Walker, 1870), comb. rev. (= Taeniopoda stali, syn. n.), R. reticulata (Fabricius, 1781) comb. n., R. tamaulipensis (Rehn, 1904) comb. n., and R. varipennis (Rehn, 1905) comb. n. A new species from Guatemala, R. guatemalensis sp. nov., is described.

Resumen Se revisa la taxonomía del género de saltamontes de la zona transicional Neártico-Neotropical Romalea (Romaleidae), considerando Taeniopoda como su sinónimo junior (syn. n.). Se reconocen 12 especies de Romalea, cuya distribución va del sur de los EUA hasta Panamá. Se redescriben las siguientes especies: R. auricornis (Walker, 1870), comb. rev., R. citricornis (Bruner, 1907), comb. n., R. centurio (Drury, 1773), comb. rev., R. eques (Burmeister, 1838), comb. rev., R. gutturosa (Bolívar, 1901), comb. n., R. microptera (Palisot de Beauvois, 1817), R. obscura (Bruner, 1907), comb. n. (= Taeniopoda bicristata), R. picticornis (Walker, 1870), comb. rev. (= Taeniopoda stali, syn. n.), R. reticulata (Fabricius, 1781) comb. n., R. tamaulipensis (Rehn, 1904) comb. n., y R. varipennis (Rehn, 1905) comb. n. Se describe una especie nueva de Guatemala, R. guatemalensis sp. nov.