Resumen El presente estudio propone analizar la eficacia de la terapia que integra el enfoque cognitivo conductual y el centrado en soluciones para reducir el estrés infantil ocasionado por el COVID-19. La modalidad empleada fue mediante un taller en línea, el cual consistió en 5 sesiones semanales, en dónde se aplicaron las estrategias de reestructuración cognitiva, psicoeducación, solución de problemas, adiestramiento en autoinstrucciones, mindfulness, pregunta escala y excepciones. Se contó con la asistencia de siete personas (cinco niñas y dos niños) de entre 9 y 12 años, quienes mediante la evaluación del inventario de estrés cotidiano infantil demostraron una disminución en el estrés percibido; y, en el Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, un aumento en habilidades de relajación y atención plena. La prueba no paramétrica de rangos Wilcoxon indicó cambios significativos y con el tamaño de efecto encontrado se puede concluir que el taller en línea, diseñado con técnicas cognitivo conductuales y centrada en soluciones, es una buena opción para tratar temas de estrés en la población infantil.

Abstract The present study proposes to analyze the efficacy of the integration of the cognitive behavioral and the solutions focused on therapies to reduce childhood stress caused by COVID-19. The modality featured used was through an online workshop, which consisted of five5 weekly sessions and in which the strategies of Cognitive Restructuring, Psychoeducation, Problem-Solving, Training in Self-Instructions, Mindfulness, Scale Question, and Exceptions were applied. Seven people (five women and two men) between 9 and 12 years old attended the workshop. The evaluation of the Child Daily Stress Inventory demonstrated a decrease in perceived stress among the participants and the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure an increase in relaxation and mindfulness skills. The non-parametric Wilcoxon rank test supports the hypothesis that there were significant differences after the intervention. Thus, it can be concluded that the online workshop, designed with cognitive behavioral and focused on solutions therapies, is a good option to deal with stress-related issues in the child population.

Abstract Background: Problems of behaviour, communication, and social interaction associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders can overwhelm parents. Disturbances in parents' psychological well-being (anxiety, depression) affect adherence to treatment, making it less effective. There is a need to investigate how to increase psychological well-being in parents of children with autism. Method: An 8-week brief training programme using the Mindfulness Parenting (MP) intervention was applied to fourteen parents (6 couples and two mothers). Participants were assigned to one of two groups, both groups received the same treatment but at two different time points. Measures of anxiety (SCAARED), parental stress (PSI-4), autism severity level (AIM) and mindfulness awareness (FFMQ), were assessed. Results: Analysis indicates that MP training increased mindfulness awareness, increasing non-judgment and reactivity, and consequently, reduced anxiety (parental, general, social), improving parent-child interaction. This improvement did not influence parents' perception of the severity of the disorder. Conclusions: The small number of participants precludes generalisation of the results. More clinical trials are needed to demonstrate the usefulness of including these programmes in early intervention services, as well as profiles of parents who may potentially benefit from it.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los síntomas asociados a los Trastornos del Espectro Autista pueden abrumar a los padres. Las alteraciones del bienestar psicológico de los padres (ansiedad, depresión) afectan a la adherencia al tratamiento, haciéndolo menos eficaz. Es necesario investigar cómo aumentar el bienestar psicológico de los padres de niños con autismo. Método: Se aplicó un programa de entrenamiento de 8 semanas en Mindfulness Parenting (MP) a catorce padres (6 parejas y dos madres). Los participantes fueron asignados a dos grupos, ambos grupos recibieron el mismo tratamiento, pero en dos momentos diferentes. Se evaluaron medidas de ansiedad (SCAARED), estrés parental (PSI-4), nivel de gravedad del autismo (AIM) y conciencia de la atención plena (FFMQ). Resultados: Se sugiere que el entrenamiento en MP aumenta la atención plena, incrementando el no juicio y la no reactividad y, como consecuencia, reduce la ansiedad (parental, general, social), mejorando la interacción entre padres e hijos pero no influye en la percepción de la gravedad del trastorno. Conclusiones: El reducido número de participantes impide la generalización de los resultados encontrados. Son necesarios más ensayos clínicos para demostrar la pertinencia de incluir estos programas en los servicios de intervención temprana, así como los perfiles de los padres potencialmente beneficiarios.

INTRODUCTION: Empathy, often described as the comprehension of another person's state of mind, enables one to appreciate social environments and anticipate others' behaviour. In occupational therapy, the therapeutic use of self, which is grounded in empathy, is commonly considered essential, as it enables therapists to manage a therapeutic relationship with clients. However, high caseloads, stressors and pressure to perform often impact empathy levels. This study aimed to determine the empathy levels of undergraduate occupational therapy students, as well as factors affecting empathy levels METHOD: A quantitative approach was used, with an observational, cross-sectional study methodology, employing an electronic survey consisting of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and a questionnaire developed by the researchers RESULTS: In total, 112 (response rate 70.4%) students participated in the study. Overall, the students had a satisfactory level of empathy. Of concern, however, was the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the lack of clinical fieldwork experience, which possibly contributed to the lower empathy levels observed among second-and third-year students CONCLUSION: From the findings, it is suggested that more attention should be given to empathy, as it plays an integral role in practice with clients, as well as in the training of occupational therapy students Implications for practice The findings suggest the opportunity for interventions and support systems that can help students manage high caseloads, stressors, and performance pressures, while also fostering and maintaining empathy. Implementing strategies such as stress management programs, mindfulness training, and self-care initiatives can help mitigate the negative impact on empathy levels and promote the development of empathetic skills in future occupational therapists. The research study's results have implications for the professional practice of occupational therapy. It emphasizes the need for ongoing education and training programs that focus on empathy development and maintenance throughout a therapist's career. By providing therapists with the tools, resources, and support to sustain their empathy levels in challenging work environments, the study suggests that the quality of care provided to clients can be enhanced, leading to better therapeutic outcomes and overall client satisfaction. Organizational changes within healthcare settings may be necessary to address workload issues and create a supportive environment that nurtures empathy among occupational therapy professionals.

In the study reported on here we examined the potential mediating role of perceived stress in the association between dispositional mindfulness and academic burnout among Muslim students. Seven hundred and seventy-five Yemeni university students were enlisted to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). The results show that dispositional mindfulness was negatively correlated with perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced academic efficacy. Moreover, perceived stress was positively related to emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced academic efficacy. Structural equation modeling revealed that the mediation model fit the data well. That is, perceived stress partly mediated the dispositional mindfulness-burnout association. We found that dispositional mindfulness could predict academic burnout among Muslim students, and perceived stress may be one of the underlying factors of this association.

Resumo Actualmente, todos nós estamos enfrentando as circunstâncias imprevistas da doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) que desenvolveu um espectro de efeitos, que pode ser melhor compreendido em termos de problemas psicológicos, físicos e de imunidade entre as pessoas. Por esse motivo, estamos interessados sobre como a saúde mental fortalece o sistema imunológico em tempos de COVID-19. Quais são os factores de protecção que ajudam a manter e apoiar a boa saúde mental e o bem-estar de qualquer pessoa que enfrente situações extremas de pandemia? A pandemia teve impactos significativos na saúde mental e no sistema imunitário das pessoas. Qualquer família que enfrentou a pandemia, directa ou indirectamente, sentiu um controle parcial ou até nenhum sobre os seus pensamentos, emoções, acções e enfrentamento face ao COVID-19 e às mortes. Alcançar uma boa saúde mental e um forte sistema imunológico, mantendo a homeostase da mente e do corpo, envolvimento em conexão próxima, apoio social, uso de técnicas anti-estressor, proximidade com o meio ambiente, praticando ioga e meditação, promovendo positividade e seguindo um estilo de vida saudável são necessários para as pessoas. Além disso, há uma ênfase em várias abordagens aos 4 M’s, que incluem saúde mental, imunidade mental, mentalidade e estressores, para descartar todos os emaranhados de saúde mental e minimizar o impacto do COVID-19. Assim, a saúde mental e a imunidade podem ser restauradas controlando os pensamentos, emoções e acções avassaladores do COVID-19 por meio da inculcação de técnicas salvadoras de vidas e dos 4 M’s como parte da vida diária.

Abstract Currently, all of us are experiencing the unforeseen circumstances of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that have developed a spectrum of effects, which can be best understood in terms of psychological, physical, and immunity problems among people. For this reason, we are particularly interested in the role of mental health in strengthening the immune system in times of COVID-19. What protective factors help maintain and support the good mental health and well-being of any person who faces extreme pandemic-like situations? The Pandemic has had significant and variable impacts on people’s mental health and immunity system. Every family who faces the Pandemic directly or indirectly experiences partial or no control over their thinking, emotions, actions, and coping related to COVID-19 and deaths. To achieve good mental health and a strong immunity system, maintaining the homeostasis of mind and body, engagement in close connections, and social support, using low-stressor techniques, nearness to the environment, practicing Yoga and meditation, infusing positivity, and following healthy lifestyles are necessary for people. In addition, there is an emphasis placed on various approaches to the 4 M’s, which include mental health, mental immunity, mindset, and stressor, to jettison all mental health tangles and minimize the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Thus, mental health and immunity can be restored by controlling the overwhelming thoughts, emotions, and actions of COVID-19 through the inculcation of life-savior techniques and the 4 M’s as a part of daily life.

Resumen La influencia del estrés de los padres y el efecto moderador de las estrategias de afrontamiento y apoyo social en niños con autismo están bien documentados. El número de trabajos con un di seño transversal contrasta con la escasez de estudios con diseño longitudinal que permitirían profundizar en las relaciones entre las características del contexto familiar y la evolución del trastorno. El presente trabajo de seguimiento está dedicado al análisis de esas relaciones en el tiempo transcurrido desde la infancia (T1) a la adolescencia (T2), valorando además los resultados en diferentes dominios del desarrollo. Participaron 45 adolescentes con TEA divididos en dos grupos en función del ambiente familiar, de alto riesgo (AR; N= 18) y de bajo riesgo (BR; N=27). Los resultados confirman y extienden los que han aportado trabajos transversales, evidenciando la influencia negativa de un ambiente familiar de riesgo en la severidad del TEA y en el desarrollo de habilidades socio-adaptativas. La psicoeducación, la terapia cognitivo-conductual y el mindfulness han de mostrado que pueden disminuir el estrés de los padres y aumentar el sentimiento de auto-eficacia.

Abstract The influence of parental stress and the moderating effect of coping strategies and social support in children with autism is well documented. The number of works with a cross-sectional design contrasts with the scarcity of studies with a longitudinal design that would allow to deepen in the relationships between characteristics of the family context and the evolution of the disorder. The present follow-up study is devoted to the analysis of these relationships over time from childhood (T1) to adolescence (T2), also assessing the results in different developmental domains. Forty-five adolescents with ASD participated, divided into two groups according to family environment, high risk (HR; N=18) and low risk (LR; N=27). The results confirm and extend those obtained in cross-sectional work, showing the negative influence of a risky family environment on the severity of ASD and the development of socio-adaptive skills. Psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioural therapy and mindfulness have been shown to decrease parental stress and increase feelings of self-efficacy.

Abstract: Psoriasis is a high incidence dermatosis related to stress, and its sufferers provide an appropriate target group to carry out interventions such as those based on mindfulness, aimed at helping emotion regulation. To assess the Compassionate Emotional Accompaniment Technique (CEAT) effects within a brief mindfulness-based intervention on emotional coping in patients with severe psoriasis to determine the efficacy of emotional coping after the induction of a negative emotional state. Forty-four adults (59.1% were women) aged 22 - 71 years (M = 51.95, SD = 11.87) with severe psoriasis were assigned randomly to the CEAT group or the Emotional Disclosure control group. Subjective discomfort, cognitive ability, affect, and heart rate were assessed before and after the interventions, with two follow-ups at 48 hours and seven days. The results show significant statistical differences in favour of the CEAT intervention versus the Emotional Disclosure group, being more effective in the emotional management after induction and follow-up. These results encourage interventions in a clinical setting with patients with severe psoriasis, so future research should consider using this intervention type to improve emotional management with this population group.

Resumen: La psoriasis es una dermatosis de alta incidencia relacionada con el estrés, constituyendo las personas que lo padecen, un grupo objetivo adecuado para llevar a cabo intervenciones basadas en mindfulness, destinadas a ayudar a la regulación de las emociones. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar los efectos de la Técnica de Acompañamiento Emocional Compasivo (CEAT), como una intervención breve basada en mindfulness, sobre el afrontamiento emocional en pacientes con psoriasis grave, para determinar la eficacia del afrontamiento emocional tras la inducción de un estado emocional negativo. Cuarenta y cuatro adultos (el 59,1% mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 22 y los 71 años (M = 51,95, DT = 11,87), con psoriasis grave, fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención con CEAT o a un grupo control de intervención de Revelación Emocional. Se evaluaron malestar subjetivo, capacidad cognitiva, afecto y frecuencia cardíaca, antes y después de las intervenciones, con dos seguimientos a las 48 horas y a los siete días. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas a favor de la intervención CEAT frente al grupo de Revelación Emocional, siendo más eficaz en el manejo emocional tras la inducción y el seguimiento. Estos resultados podrían favorecer la intervención en entornos clínicos con pacientes con psoriasis grave, y futuras investigaciones podrían considerar el uso de esta, para mejorar la gestión emocional en este tipo de población.

Resumen Introducción Derivado de la pandemia del COVID-19, la prevalencia de estrés, ansiedad, depresión y consumo de alcohol ha incrementado entre los estudiantes de medicina. La intervención por Mindfulness ha reportado disminuir estas psicopatologías y el consumo de alcohol; no obstante, la evidencia muestra resultados poco claros respecto a su eficacia. Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de la intervención basada en Mindfulness online (IBM) sobre los niveles de sintomatología de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, así como en el consumo de alcohol y el estado de atención plena en estudiantes de medicina durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Método Se realizó una investigación cuasi-experimental en 237 estudiantes de medicina, de los cuales se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos; además, se midieron los niveles de psicopatologías, consumo de alcohol, y el estado de atención plena pre y post intervención a través de los instrumentos DASS-21, AUDIT, y MASS. Se llevaron a cabo ocho sesiones de Mindfulness online, una vez por semana, de aproximadamente una hora cada una. Resultados La IBM no redujo los niveles de psicopatologías ni de consumo de alcohol ni mejoró el estado de atención plena. Los altos niveles de psicopatologías, la tasa de abandono y la falta de participación voluntaria, fueron los principales factores que limitan la eficacia del IBM online. Discusión y conclusión La IBM online no fue efectiva entre la población estudiada: se recomienda la generación de estrategias en las que los estudiantes se involucren y completen los programas de intervención, los resultados de esta investigación ayudarán a mejorar futuras intervenciones de mindfulness online.

Abstract Introduction As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and alcohol consumption has increased among medical students. Mindfulness is an intervention to decrease these psychopathologies and alcohol consumption; however, evidence has shown unclear results regarding its efficacy. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an online Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on stress, anxiety, and depression symptomatology levels, as well as on alcohol consumption and mindfulness status in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 237 students, obtaining sociodemographic data. In addition the levels of psychopathology, alcohol consumption, and state of mindfulness: were measured pre-and post-intervention through the DASS-21, AUDIT, and MASS instruments. Eight online Mindfulness sessions were conducted once a week for approximately one hour each. Results MBI did not reduce levels of psychopathologies or alcohol consumption, nor did the mindfulness status improve. High levels of psychopathologies, dropout rate, and lack of voluntary participation were the main factors limiting the effectiveness of the online MBI. Discussion and conclusion The online MBI wasn’t effective among the population under study: we recommend generation strategies where students are involved in and complete intervention programs. Results from this research will help enhance future online mindfulness interventions.

ABSTRACT Objective: It is important to differentiate between problem and conflict in clinical practice, because the steps suggested in the problem-solving technique are usually not enough to help patients deal with conflicts. This systematic review aimed to: investigate how cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help in problem solving and conflict mediation; suggest a strategy that can improve conflict mediate skills (QPD). Methods: A search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of science (ISI) and Scopus. Prisma flow diagram was used and experimental articles were selected for full reading. Results: Three hundred and sixty four clinical trials applied problem solving, showing the effectiveness of this technique with other CBT strategies/interventions. CBT guide books: do not differentiate between problem and conflict; describe in detail problem solving steps, focusing on the customer’s perspective, the present moment and the use of logical reason; do not explore conflict mediation in the CBT. We suggest a strategy that can help in the mediation of conflicts: assisting in the collection/organization of information; improving communication – empathic and assertive; favoring choices that can cause the least possible harm to all parties in the conflict. Conclusions: There is detailed description of the steps to train therapists to apply problem solving. However, to improve therapeutic skills to mediate conflicts, clinical practices that have been frequently described/used in the contextual cognitive behavioral therapies may be necessary: psychological acceptance, mindfulness, understanding personal values, experiencing/considering emotion in decision making, activating compassion/self-compassion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Na prática clínica, é importante diferenciar problema e conflito, porque os passos sugeridos na técnica de resolução de problemas costumam não ser suficientes para auxiliar o cliente a lidar com conflitos. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivos: investigar como a terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) pode auxiliar na resolução de problemas e na mediação de conflito; sugerir uma estratégia que favoreça a melhor capacidade de mediar conflitos (QPD). Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science (ISI) e Scopus. O método prisma foi utilizado, e foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra artigos experimentais. Resultados: Trezentos e sessenta e quatro ensaios clínicos aplicaram a resolução de problemas, apontando a eficácia dessa técnica juntamente com outras estratégias/intervenções da TCC. Livros-guias de TCC: não diferenciam problema e conflito; descrevem detalhadamente passos para resolução de problemas, focando na perspectiva do cliente, no momento presente e no uso da razão lógica; não abordam a mediação de conflitos pela TCC. Sugerimos uma estratégia que pode ajudar na mediação de conflitos: auxiliando na coleta/organização de informações; melhorando a comunicação – empática e assertiva; favorecendo escolhas com o intuito de causar o menor dano possível a todas as partes envolvidas no conflito. Conclusões: Para treinar terapeutas para aplicarem a resolução de problemas, há descrição detalhada dos passos a serem seguidos. Entretanto, para capacitar os terapeutas para mediarem conflitos, práticas clínicas que têm sido frequentemente descritas/utilizadas nas terapias cognitivas contextuais podem ser necessárias: aceitação psicológica, mindfulness , entender valores individuais, vivenciar/considerar a emoção em tomadas de decisão, ativar a compaixão/autocompaixão.

Abstract Background Previous reviews have concluded that whilst mindfulness-based interventions reduce PTSD symptoms through fear extinction and cognitive restructuring, further research is needed. Objective The aim of this report is to systematically review existing literature about the association between standardized mindfulness-based interventions and PTSD with the aim of identifying implications for practice and recommendations for future research. Method The CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Medline, and PsycArticles databases were searched, looking for full-text articles from 2018 up to march 2022. Results There was a significant improvement in PTSD symptoms in MBCT participants, even if some experienced a high increase at baseline. MBSR participants with moderate to severe trauma symptoms showed a greater reduction in symptoms whereas mild trauma symptoms at baseline showed slightly higher symptomatology at the end of treatment. Discussion and conclusion From the results, MBCT, MBSR, and their variations seem to tackle different domains of the diagnosis. Whilst MBSR is associated with improvements in terms of attentional difficulties, MBCT facilitates the connection between dysfunctional cognitive concepts and avoidant behaviours that maintain the symptomatology. Nevertheless, the active components of MBCT or MBSR that have an impact on symptom reduction are undetermined. Future studies will be enhanced by monitoring the change in underlying mechanisms attached to the practice of mindfulness through outcome measurements, among other considerations.

Resumen Antecedentes Las revisiones anteriores han concluido que las intervenciones basadas en la atención plena reducen los síntomas del TEPT a través de la extinción del miedo y la reestructuración cognitiva, aunque se requiere mayor evidencia. Objetivo Revisar sistemáticamente la literatura existente sobre la asociación entre las intervenciones estandarizadas basadas en mindfulness y el TEPT con el objetivo de identificar implicaciones para la práctica y recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones. Método Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Medline y PsycArticles de textos completos desde 2018 hasta marzo de 2022. Resultados Hubo una mejora significativa en los síntomas de TEPT en los participantes de MBCT, incluso si algunos experimentaron un gran aumento al inicio. Los participantes de MBSR con síntomas de trauma moderado a severo mostraron una mayor reducción de los síntomas, mientras que los síntomas de trauma leve al inicio mostraron una sintomatología ligeramente más alta al final del tratamiento. Discusión y conclusión A partir de los resultados, MBCT, MBSR y sus variaciones parecen abordar diferentes dominios del diagnóstico. Mientras que MBSR se asocia con mejoras en términos de dificultades atencionales, MBCT facilita la conexión entre conceptos cognitivos disfuncionales y conductas de evitación que mantienen la sintomatología. Sin embargo, los componentes activos de MBCT o MBSR que tienen un impacto en la reducción de los síntomas son indeterminados. Los estudios futuros se mejorarán al monitorear el cambio en los mecanismos subyacentes asociados a la práctica de la atención plena a través de mediciones de resultados, entre otras consideraciones.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify risk factors for mental health in the population in times of COVID-19 through the analysis of levels of socio-cognitive mindfulness and perception of stress in individuals. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach, carried out through online data collection using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Langer Mindfulness Scale in a sample of 955 individuals from different regions of Brazil. Results: Women, younger people and individuals with low socioeconomic conditions had higher levels of perceived stress; on the other hand, older men and individuals with high socioeconomic status had higher levels of mindfulness. Conclusion: Socio-cognitive mindfulness was not a protective factor for perceived stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar factores de riesgo para la salud mental en la población en tiempos de COVID-19 a través del análisis de los niveles de mindfulness sociocognitivo y percepción de estrés en los individuos. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado a través de la recolección de datos en línea utilizando la Escala de Estrés Percibido y la Escala de Mindfulness de Langer en una muestra de 955 individuos de diferentes regiones de Brasil. Resultados: Las mujeres, los jóvenes y las personas con condiciones socioeconómicas bajas presentaron mayores niveles de estrés percibido. Por el contrario, los hombres mayores y las personas con un nivel socioeconómico alto tenían niveles más altos de atención plena. Conclusión: El mindfulness sociocognitivo no fue un factor protector para el estrés percibido en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para a saúde mental na população em tempos de COVID-19 por meio da análise dos níveis atenção plena sociocognitiva e de percepção ao estresse nos indivíduos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio de coleta de dados online utilizando a Escala de Estresse Percebido e a Escala de Atenção Plena de Langer em uma amostra de 955 indivíduos de diversas regiões do Brasil. Resultados: Mulheres, pessoas mais jovens e indivíduos com baixas condições socioeconômicas apresentaram maiores níveis de estresse percebido. Em contrapartida, os homens mais velhos e indivíduos com altas condições socioeconômicas apresentaram maiores níveis de atenção plena. Conclusão: A atenção plena sociocognitiva não se constituiu fator de proteção ao estresse percebido no contexto pandêmico da COVID-19.

Resumo: Introdução: O estresse é um estado no qual ocorrem ameaças à homeostase do organismo, com respostas adaptativas fisiológicas e comportamentais. A ansiedade é uma sensação desagradável advinda da percepção de uma ameaça potencial futura. Quando prolongados, ambos levam a repercussões metabólicas, cardiovasculares, imunológicas e neuropsiquiátricas. Os estudantes universitários são mais susceptíveis a sintomas de estresse e ansiedade do que a população em geral. A técnica de mindfulness permite que os seus praticantes se tornem mais conscientes de suas emoções, passando a responder de forma habilidosa ao estresse e à ansiedade Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de um programa de mindfulness na redução de sintomas de estresse e ansiedade em estudantes de Medicina e Odontologia. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, randomizado, simples-cego. Acadêmicos regularmente matriculados do primeiro ao oitavo período desses cursos de uma instituição de ensino superior responderam ao Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) (n = 418) e ao Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) (n = 369). Os participantes que apresentaram sintomas de estresse e/ou ansiedade e aceitaram participar da intervenção (n = 59) foram randomizados em grupos mindfulness (programa modificado de duas semanas) e de controle. Ao final da intervenção, o ISSL e o IDATE foram reaplicados. Resultado: As prevalências globais de estresse e ansiedade foram de 67% (n = 280) e 76,4% (n = 282), respectivamente. Ao final da segunda semana, a redução dos sintomas de estresse e ansiedade foi de 30,8% e 22,2%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos mindfulness e de controle (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Percebe-se uma alta prevalência de sintomas de estresse e ansiedade na população estudada. Um programa de mindfulness em formato reduzido não foi capaz de diminuir significativamente os sintomas de estresse e ansiedade em comparação ao grupo de controle, em acadêmicos de Medicina e Odontologia dessa instituição.

Abstract: Introduction: Stress is a state in which the body homeostasis is threatened, leading to adaptive, physiological and behavioral responses. Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling that occurs whenever a future potential threat is perceived. Whenever these states are prolonged, both lead to metabolic, cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric and immunological consequences. University students are more susceptible to stress and anxiety symptoms than the general population. Mindfulness is a technique that allows its practitioners to become more aware of their emotions, dealing with stress in a more skilled way. Objective: To; evaluate the efficacy of a modified mindfulness program in reducing stress and anxiety symptoms in medicine and dentistry undergraduate students. Methods: This was a single blinded, randomized, clinical trial. Students from the aforementioned courses enrolled in the 1st to the 8th semesters of a higher education institution, answered Lipp’s Inventory of Stress symptoms for Adults (ISSL) (n=418) and the State-Trace Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (n=369). Those who showed a positive score for symptoms of stress and/or anxiety and accepted to take part in the intervention (n=59), were randomized into one of the two groups - mindfulness (a 2-week modified program), or control. After the intervention, the students were asked to answer the STAI and ISSL tools once again. Results: The global prevalence of stress and anxiety symptoms were 67% (n=280) and 76.4% (n=282), respectively. At the end of the second week, symptoms of stress and anxiety decreased 30.8% and 22.2%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the mindfulness and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Symptoms of stress and anxiety are highly prevalent among the studied population. Among medicine and dentistry undergraduate students in this higher education institution, a shortened mindfulness program was unable to reduce symptoms of stress and anxiety in a statistically significant way when compared to a control group.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the role of temporary/permanent employment in the way employees respond to person-organization fit (P-O Fit) with organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and whether mindfulness redraws this relationship. Compared to permanent employees, temporary employees may have fewer future prospects in their organization, thus leading them to engage less in this type of behavior, the potential returns of which are typically unspecified in time and are likely beyond their temporary reach. However, the self-regulatory, present-moment awareness and non-judgmental acceptance functions of mindfulness could reverse this relationship. Structural equation modeling using data from 280 employees of 10 Spanish hotels revealed that temporary (permanent) employees reacted to P-O Fit with lower (higher) OCBs, unless they were mindful, in which case their OCBs increased (decreased). The findings show that employment status and mindfulness redraw the P-O Fit - OCB relationship and that mindfulness makes temporary (permanent) employees respond to P-O Fit with increased (decreased) OCBs.

RESUMEN Este trabajo analiza el papel del estatus laboral temporal/permanente en la forma en que los empleados responden al ajuste persona-organización con comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional, y si el mindfulness redibuja esta relación. En comparación con los empleados fijos, los temporales pueden tener menos perspectivas de futuro en su organización, lo que les lleva a participar menos en este tipo de comportamientos, cuyos rendimientos potenciales suelen ser indeterminados en el tiempo y probablemente están fuera de su alcance temporal. Sin embargo, las funciones de autorregulación, conciencia del momento presente y aceptación sin prejuicios del mindfulness podrían invertir esta relación. La modelización de ecuaciones estructurales con datos de 280 empleados de 10 hoteles españoles reveló que los empleados temporales (fijos) reaccionaban al ajuste persona-organización con un menor (mayor) comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional, a menos que tuvieran mindfulness, en cuyo caso su comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional aumentaba (disminuía). Los resultados muestran que el estatus laboral y el mindfulness redibujan la relación entre ajuste persona-organización y comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional y que el mindfulness hace que los empleados temporales (fijos) respondan a dicho ajuste con un mayor (menor) nivel de comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Assess the efficacy of a guided intervention based on stress reduction and compassion, related to resilience and compassion fatigue of healthcare professionals. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with a control and intervention groups, combining a multimodal intervention delivered in 3 sessions. Control group (n = 23), experimental group (n = 23). Data collection: 4 observations were made using the Brief Resilience Scale, Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, Compassion Fatigue Inventory and data on the professional profile and personal life. In order to analyze the relationship between variables, a general linear model, the chi-square or Fisher test, and regression analysis were used. Results: No significant effect of the evaluated intervention was found on the score obtained in mindfulness, resilience or empathy. The control group obtained a higher score in mindfulness when related to the non-covid work unit and the absence of personal stressors F(1.21)=16.081 p=<0.01, ŋ2=0.434. The normal empathic profile without risk was significantly higher in non-covid units compared to covid units in the first evaluation (70% vs 30%, p=0.002). The profile of low resilience in auxiliary nurses was higher during the last evaluation (72.2% vs 27.8%, p=0.003), a moment in which a greater number of patients were hospitalized with covid. Conclusions: A higher influences on professionals psychological wellbeing was present with personal and job related factors (professional category, work place and healthcare pressure) than the intervention carried out.

RESUMEN: Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención guiada basada en la reducción del estrés y compasión, sobre la resiliencia, desgaste por empatía y atención plena de profesionales sanitarios. Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental con grupo control e intervención combinada multimodal impartido en 3 sesiones. Grupo control (n = 23), grupo experimental (n = 23). Recogida de datos: se hicieron 4 observaciones y se utilizaron las herramientas Escala Breve de Resiliencia, Inventario Friburgo de Mindfulness, Inventario de Desgaste por Empatía y datos sobre el perfil laboral y vida personal de las profesionales. Para analizar la relación entre variables se utilizó un modelo lineal general, la pruebas de chi cuadrado o de Fisher y análisis de regresión. Resultados: No se encontró un efecto significativo de la intervención evaluada en la puntuación obtenida en atención plena, resiliencia o empatía. El grupo control obtuvo mayor puntuación en atención plena cuando se relacionó con la unidad de trabajo no covid y la ausencia de estresores personales F (1,21)=16,081 p=<0,01, ŋ2=0,434. El perfil empático normal sin riesgo, fue significativamente mayor en unidades no covid frente a las covid en la primera evaluación (70% vs 30%, p=0,002). El perfil de baja resiliencia en técnicos de cuidados auxiliares de enfermería, fue mayor durante la última evaluación (72,2% vs 27,8%, p=0,003), momento que coincidió con un mayor número de pacientes hospitalizados por covid. Conclusiones: Factores personales y laborales (categoría profesional, la unidad de trabajo y presión asistencial) tuvieron más influencia en el bienestar psicológico de los profesionales, que la intervención realizada.