Resumo O Seybouse é um rio no nordeste da Argélia, é o segundo maior rio, tem uma área de captação de cerca de 6.500 km2 que acolhe cerca de 1,5 milhões de habitantes. Importantes atividades agrícolas e industriais são desenvolvidas nesta bacia hidrográfica. O uso de macroinvertebrados bentônicos como indicadores biológicos tem uma longa tradição em países desenvolvidos e está integrado em todas as avaliações da qualidade ecológica dos sistemas fluviais. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar o inventário e o papel ecológico dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos nas águas interiores do rio Seybouse e determinar o impacto da poluição em suas distribuições. Resultados semelhantes foram relatados para outros países e rios argelinos. Este estudo enfoca a macrofauna bentônica de Wadi Seybouse e seus afluentes. Foram prospectados 03 locais, um no alto Seybousse Bouhamdane em Medjez Amar e dois no meio Seybousse Salah Salah Salah e Oued Zimba. Entre dezembro de 2019 e maio de 2020, dez parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, CE, DO, velocidade da água, NO3, Salinidade, NO2, MES, turbidez, deth) foram medidos para estabelecer um diagnóstico do estado de saúde desses ecossistemas aquáticos. A abordagem biológica complementar pela análise de populações de macroinvertebrados identificou 7.482 indivíduos e 40 táxons divididos em cinco classes: Crustáceos que são os mais dominantes, Insetos com as ordens principais (Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera e Odonata), Moluscos, Nematóides e Anelídeos. As análises físico-químicas e a aplicação dos índices de poluição orgânica, indicaram uma poluição forte a excessiva para todos os locais especialmente Salah Salah Salah.

Abstract The Seybouse is the second largest river basin in Algeria, hosting an important biodiversity and providing various ecosystem services. This watershed is highly influenced by agricultural and industrial activities, which threaten its biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. The use of benthic macroinvertebrates as biological indicators has a long tradition in developed countries and integrated into all assessments of the ecological quality of river systems. However, the macroinvertebrates of many North African regions are still not well studied, including those of the Seybouse river. The aim of this study is to assess the inventory and ecological role of benthic macroinvertebrates in inland waters of the Seybouse River and determine the impact of pollution on their spatial distributions. We sampled the benthic macrofauna of Wadi Seybouse and its affluents using regular surveys in three sites, of which one was in the upper Seybouse Bouhamdane in Medjez Amar and two in the middle Seybouse. Between December 2019 and May 2020, 10 physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, OD, water speed, NO3, Salinity, NO2, MES, turbidity, depth) were measured in order to establish a health state diagnosis of these aquatic ecosystems. The complementary biological approach by the analysis of populations of macroinvertebrates identified 7482 individuals and 40 taxa divided into five classes: Crustaceans which were the most dominant, insects with the main orders (Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera and Odonata), Molluscs, Nematodes and Annelids. The physico-chemical analyzes and the application of the organic pollution indices indicated a strong to excessive pollution for all sites, especially in Seybouse upstream

Resumo O estresse ambiental causado pela poluição é frequentemente avaliado pela diversidade de espécies de macroinvertebrados em habitats aquáticos específicos. Para descobrir as flutuações sazonais em várias comunidades de macroinvertebrados e diferentes parâmetros de qualidade da água do rio Zhob, foi realizado um teste de pesquisa no rio Zhob, Baluchistão. Amostras de macroinvertebrados e água foram retiradas de quatro estações diferentes do rio Zhob. Um total de 18 táxons de vários macroinvertebrados foram identificados na área. O filo Arthropoda constitui 94,8% da população total, seguido por Mollusca (3,6%) e Annelida (1,4%). Um grande número de artrópodes pertencia à ordem Diptera (1148), enquanto a ordem Trichoptera ocupava o segundo lugar em número de macroinvertebrados (441). Os números máximos de macroinvertebrados foram observados no mês de janeiro. Todos os parâmetros físico-químicos do rio Zhob, como temperatura do ar, temperatura da água, pH, oxigênio dissolvido (OD) e sólidos dissolvidos totais (TDS), estavam dentro da faixa, adequada para o crescimento saudável de macroinvertebrados. Populações diversificadas de vários macroinvertebrados confirmam boas condições ecológicas do ambiente e da água no local estudado, especialmente a ampla concentração de DO no rio. Os dados documentados sobre macroinvertebrados no local estudado fornecerão uma linha de base para pesquisas futuras.

Abstract Environmental stress caused by pollution is often assessed by diversity of macro-invertebrate species in specific aquatic habitat. To find out seasonal fluctuations in various macro-invertebrates communities and different water quality parameters of River Zhob, a research trial was conducted on River Zhob, Balochistan. Samples of macro-invertebrates and water were taken from four different stations of River Zhob. A total 18 taxa of various macro-invertebrates were identified from the area. Phylum Arthropoda constitute 94.8% of the total population followed by Mollusca (3.6%) and Annelida (1.4%). A large number of arthropods were belonged to order Diptera (1148), while the order Trichoptera was stood second with respect to macro-invertebrate´s number (441). The maximum numbers of macro-invertebrates were observed in the month of January. All physico-chemical parameters of River Zhob such as air temperature, water temp, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were within the range, suitable for the healthy growth of macro-invertebrates. Diversified populations of various macro-invertebrates confirm good ecological condition of environment and water in the studied site especially ample concentration of DO in River. The documented data on macro-invertebrates in studied site will provide a baseline for future research.

Abstract The study explores the Ichthyofaunal diversity of freshwater Cyprinidae fish in the Panjkora River of Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 911 fish samples were collected from 5 different sites along the river and identified using standard identification keys. Out of the 911 fish samples, 204 were related to family Cyprinidae, having 4 sub families, i.e Cyprininae representing 3 species i.e Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinus watsoni, Danioninae representing 6 species i.e Barilius modestus, Barilius vagra, Barilius pakistanicus, Amblypharangodon mola, Salmophasia punjabensis, Rasbora daniconius, Labeoninae representing 5 species i.e Tor putitora, Crossocheilus diplocheilus, Gara gotyla, Labeo rohita, Labeo diplocheilus, and Barbinae representing 6 species i.e Puntius ticto, Puntius sophore, Puntius chonchonius, Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax labiatus and Schizothorax plagiostomus. This study adds 6 new species i.e Amblypharangodon mola, Salmophasia punjabensis, Labeo rohita, Labeo diplocheilus, Puntius chonchonius and Rasbora daniconius for the 1st time which are not reported earlier. EXCEL 2019 and XLSTAT were used for principal components analysis to study richness and correlation of fish diversity. Eigenvalues obtained from Sheringal to Zulam are 3.72, 0.511, 0.37, 0.29 and 0.09 respectively. The higher eigenvalue of Sheringal site shows higher diversity. Water quality study shows that the mean values of water temperature was 16.8°C, pH 7.08, total hardness134.6 mg/L, alkalinity 89.3 mg/L, Nitrate 5.93 mg/L, Chlorine 0.87 mg/L, Nitrite0.02 mg/L and Copper 0.04 mg/L, Iron 0.07 mg/L, Lead 0.002 mg/L. The physicochemical parameters of river Panjkora during the study time remained within the permissible limits as prescribed by the WHO (2005). Gut analysis revealed the presence of algae, nymphs insect’s larvae, macroinvertebrates and protozoans.

Resumo O presente estudo explora a diversidade ictiofaunística de peixes Cyprinidae de água doce no rio Panjkora de Dir, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Paquistão. Um total de 911 amostras de peixes foram coletadas em 5 locais diferentes ao longo do rio e identificadas usando chaves de identificação padrão. Das 911 amostras de peixes, 204 eram relacionadas à família Cyprinidae, com 4 subfamílias, ou seja, Cyprininae representando 3 espécies, isto é, Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinus watsoni, Danioninae, representando 6 espécies, ou seja, Barilius modestus, Barilius vagra, Barilius pakistanicus, Amblypharangodon mola, Salmophasia punjabensis, Rasbora daniconius, Labeoninae representando 5 espécies, ou seja, Tor putitora, Crossocheilus diplocheilus, Gara gotyla, Labeo rohita, Labeo diplocheilus e Barbinae, representando 6 espécies, ou seja, Puntius ticto, Puntius sophore, Puntius chonchonius, Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax labiatus e Schizothorax plagio estoma. Este estudo adiciona 6 novas espécies, como Amblypharangodon mola, Salmophasia punjabensis, Labeo rohita, Labeo diplocheilus, Puntius chonchonius e Rasbora daniconius pela primeira vez, que não foram relatadas anteriormente. EXCEL 2019 e XLSTAT foram usados para análise de componentes principais para estudar a riqueza e correlação da diversidade de peixes. Os autovalores obtidos de Sheringal a Zulam são 3,72, 0,511, 0,37, 0,29 e 0,09, respectivamente. O autovalor mais alto do site Sheringal mostra maior diversidade. O estudo da qualidade da água mostra que os valores médios da temperatura da água foram 16,8 °C, pH 7,08, dureza total 134,6 mg/L, alcalinidade 89,3 mg/L, Nitrato 5,93 mg/L, Cloro 0,87 mg/L, Nitrito 0,02 mg/ L e Cobre 0,04 mg/L, Ferro 0,07 mg/L, Chumbo 0,002 mg/L. Os parâmetros físico-químicos do rio Panjkora durante o tempo de estudo permaneceram nos limites permitidos conforme prescrito pela OMS (2005). A análise intestinal revelou a presença de algas, ninfas, larvas de insetos, macroinvertebrados e protozoários.

Summary: The Ayuquila-Armería river basin is classified as a priority hydrographic basin in Mexico for its high diversity and for the ecosystem pressure it is subjected to. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Zn) in water and aquatic macroinvertebrates, in addition to physical and chemical parameters (pH, EC and flow) in the tributary basins and the main channel. The present investigation was carried out with samplings in the rainy season in 2015, and in the dry season in 2016, at 18 sites in the basin. Determinations of heavy metals, physical and chemical parameters, collection of aquatic macroinvertebrates and estimation of the flow of the tributaries were carried out at each sampling site. In surface water, only Hg and Pb exceeded the permissible limits for natural waters (0.02 and 0.0015 mg L-1 respectively) in 60% of the sites; in terms of concentrations in macroinvertebrates, the six metals exceeded the permissible limits in the 65% of the sites with concentrations of 0.33 to 7.07 mg kg-1, of these the Hg (7.07 mg kg-1) and the metalloid As (5.19 mg kg-1) were the ones that presented the highest concentrations.

Resumen: La cuenca del río Ayuquila-Armería se clasifica como cuenca hidrográfica prioritaria de México por su alta diversidad y también por la presión ecosistémica a la que es sometida. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las concentraciones de metales pesados (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb y Zn) en agua y macroinvertebrados acuáticos, además de parámetros físicos y químicos (pH, C.E y caudal) en las subcuencas tributarias y el cauce principal. La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con muestreos en la temporada lluviosa en 2015, y en la temporada seca en 2016, en 18 sitios de la cuenca. En cada sitio de muestreo se realizaron determinaciones de metales pesados, parámetros físicos y químicos, colecta de macroinvertebrados acuáticos y estimación del caudal de los afluentes. En el agua superficial solo el Hg y el Pb superaron los límites permisibles para aguas naturales (0.02 y 0.0015 mg L-1 respectivamente) en el 60% de los sitios, en cuanto a las concentraciones en macroinvertebrados los seis metales superaron los límites permisibles en el 65% de los sitios con concentraciones de 0.33 a 7.07 mg kg-1, de estos el Hg (7.07 mg kg-1) y el metaloide As (5.19 mg kg-1) fueron los que presentaron las mayores concentraciones.

Resumen Introducción: La variabilidad en la estructura de las comunidades acuáticas se atribuye frecuentemente a cambios ambientales, no obstante, en ambientes estables como ríos regulados, las interacciones tróficas podrían ser otro factor ambiental clave determinante de la estructura de estas comunidades. Estas alteraciones podrían provocar un mayor crecimiento de algas y, a su vez, cambios en los grupos funcionales y en la composición de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados favoreciendo la dominancia de determinados grupos de organismos. Objetivo: Identificar el efecto de los cambios ambientales y de la estructura del ficoperifiton sobre la comunidad de macroinvertebrados de ríos Andinos regulados. Métodos: Se analizaron datos ambientales y biológicos recolectados en muestreos trimestrales realizados entre 2010 y 2018 en dos ríos de los Andes Centrales (Antioquia - Colombia), para un total de 27 muestras. La recolección de muestras empleó métodos estandarizados. Se utilizaron diferentes modelos estadísticos para establecer patrones espaciales y temporales de las variables ambientales, de la abundancia y/o densidad y diversidad de ficoperifiton y de los macroinvertebrados, así como las relaciones tróficas que existen entre ellos. Resultados: Se encontró que los ríos regulados presentan relativamente poca variabilidad ambiental. Los parámetros ambientales con mayor variación fueron: temperatura, turbidez y ortofosfatos; las dos últimas variables abióticas fueron las que más aportaron a la inestabilidad bentónica. Conclusión: La presencia de macroinvertebrados raspadores y recolectores fue más afectada por la estabilidad de la densidad del ficoperifiton que por las variables ambientales, evidenciando la importancia de las interacciones tróficas en ríos regulados y el control bottoom up en estos ecosistemas.

Abstract Introduction: The variability in the structure of aquatic communities is frequently attributed to environmental changes; however, in stable environments such as regulated rivers, trophic interactions could be another key environmental factor determining the structure of these communities. These alterations could cause a greater growth of algae, and in turn, changes in the functional groups and in the composition of the macroinvertebrate community favoring the dominance of certain groups of organisms. Objective: To identify the effects of environmental variations and changes in the structure of the phycoperiphyton on the macroinvertebrate community of regulated Andean rivers. Methods: We analyzed environmental and biological data collected in quarterly samples carried out between 2010 and 2018 in two rivers of the Central Andes (Antioquia - Colombia), for a total of 27 samples. Sample collections used standardized methods. Different statistical models were used to establish spatial and temporal patterns of the environmental variables, of the abundance and/or density and diversity of phycoperiphyton and macroinvertebrates, as well as the trophic relationships that exists between them. Results: We found that regulated rivers present relatively little environmental variability. The environmental parameters with the greatest variation were temperature, turbidity, and orthophosphates; these last two were the abiotic variables with the greatest contribution to benthic instability. Conclusion: The presence of scraping and foraging macroinvertebrates was more affected by the stability of the phycoperiphyton density than by environmental variables, showing the importance of trophic interactions in regulated rivers and the bottom up control in these ecosystems.

Abstract Introduction: In Costa Rica, high peatbogs are located in the Cordillera de Talamanca from 2 400 to 3 200 m. They are formed from deposits of decomposing organic matter, with reduced oxygen and low nutrient availability. Objective: To evaluate the variation in the composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates according to physicochemical parameters of superficial water quality in high altitude peatbogs, Costa Rica. Methods: 32 artificial substrates were placed in the peatbogs to be colonized by macroinvertebrates. Monthly physicochemical evaluations of surface water were performed in eight peatbogs with monthly visits during the rainy season. The ICA-NSF and BMWP-CR indexes were used to evaluate the water quality. Results: A total of ten families corresponding to seven genera were recorded. The most representative family was Chironomidae and Limnephilidae. Water quality was classified according to the ICA-NSF as “medium quality” and as “regular to poor quality” according to BMWP-CR. Conclusions: The high peatbogs are poorly studied ecosystems; this research shows the need to design methodologies and indices to evaluate the aquatic fauna. The peatbogs are different from each other, and the families of macroinvertebrates found are tolerant to the physicochemical characteristics of the water. Periodic studies that evaluate water quality and its relationship with aquatic macroinvertebrates are necessary to understand the dynamics of peatlands, generate knowledge and increase their protection.

Resumen Introducción: En Costa Rica, las turberas de altura se localizan en la Cordillera de Talamanca de 2 400 a 3 200 m. Se forman a partir de depósitos de materia orgánica en descomposición, con oxígeno reducido y baja disponibilidad de nutrientes. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación en la composición de macroinvertebrados acuáticos según parámetros fisicoquímicos de calidad del agua superficial en turberas de altura, Costa Rica. Métodos: Se colocaron 32 sustratos artificiales en las turberas para ser colonizados por macroinvertebrados. Se realizaron evaluaciones fisicoquímicas mensuales del agua superficial en ocho turberas con visitas mensuales durante la estación lluviosa. Se utilizaron los índices ICA-NSF y BMWP-CR para evaluar la calidad del agua. Resultados: Se registraron un total de diez familias correspondientes a siete géneros. Las familias más representativas fueron Chironomidae y Limnephilidae. La calidad del agua se clasificó según el ICA-NSF como de “calidad media” y como de “calidad regular a mala” según el BMWP-CR. Conclusiones: Las turberas de altura son ecosistemas poco estudiados, esta investigación evidencia la necesidad de diseñar metodologías e índices que evalúen la fauna acuática. Las turberas son diferentes entre sí, y las familias de macroinvertebrados encontrados son tolerantes a las características fisicoquímicas del agua. Es necesario realizar estudios periódicos que evalúen la calidad del agua y su relación con los macroinvertebrados acuáticos para entender la dinámica de las turberas, generar conocimiento e incrementar su protección.

Abstract Introduction: The taxonomic identification of aquatic macroinvertebrates allows characterizing biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems, but in many cases some groups (e.g. Diptera) are not classified to the same taxonomic level than other due to difficulties and poor knowledge on these groups. It becomes relevant in regions little studied and affected by anthropic pressures, such as the Garagoa River in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. Objective: To study the biodiversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates from Garagoa river at the lowest taxonomical level possible in an altitudinal gradient. Methods: From March to June 2021, samples were taken at 40 sites in an altitudinal gradient between 500 and 2 887 m.a.s.l., performing a stratified aleatory sampling (36 Surber nets per site). Results: A total of 70 taxa were reported, however, using a rarefaction technique, the estimated richness for the Garagoa River may be greater than 104 taxa. The orders with the largest number of taxa were: Diptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera with Chironomidae, Elmidae and Baetidae being the families with the richest genera. Several genera have a wide distribution along the Garagoa River as Simulium, Parachironomus, Cardiocladius, Leptonema, Heterelmis, Neoelmis and Baetodes. The phi-IndVal analysis allowed us to select representative taxa at different altitudes. Thus, Lepthyphes and Belostoma are common with relatively low altitudes, while Culoptila, Lumbriculus and Physa are representative of intermediate altitudes. Finally, Gundlachia, Dugesia and Pentaneura were exclusive and frequent at the higher altitude sites. Conclusions: The composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community presented notable differences with respect to the evaluated altitudinal gradient that contrasted with the expected biodiversity patterns. The importance of including taxa that are not generally reported in biodiversity studies is highlighted to better understand the distribution patterns of aquatic communities in Andean streams.

Resumen Introducción: La información taxonómica de macroinvertebrados acuáticos brinda información importante para caracterizar la biodiversidad en ecosistemas acuáticos, pero en muchos casos, algunos grupos (e.g. Diptera) no se clasifican al mismo nivel taxonómico que otros debido a las dificultades y el escaso conocimiento sobre estos. Esta situación toma mayor relevancia en regiones poco estudiadas y/o afectadas por presiones antrópicas como en el río Garagoa en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Objetivo: Estudiar la biodiversidad de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos del río Garagoa al nivel taxonómico más bajo posible en un gradiente altitudinal. Métodos: Entre marzo y junio de 2021 se tomaron muestras en 40 sitios abarcando un gradiente altitudinal entre 500 y 2 887 m.s.n.m., realizando un muestreo aleatorio estratificado (36 redes Surber por sitio). Resultados: Se registraron un total de 70 taxones, sin embargo, usando una técnica de rarefacción, la riqueza estimada para el río Garagoa puede ser superior a 104 taxones. Los órdenes con el mayor número de taxones fueron: Diptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera y Ephemeroptera, siendo Chironomidae, Elmidae y Baetidae las familias más ricas en géneros. Varios géneros tienen una amplia distribución a lo largo del río Garagoa como Simulium, Parachironomus, Cardiocladius, Leptonema, Heterelmis, Neoelmis y Baetodes. El análisis phi-IndVal nos permitió seleccionar taxones representativos en diferentes altitudes. Así, Leptohyphes y Belostoma son comunes en altitudes relativamente bajas, mientras que Culoptila, Lumbriculus y Physa son representativos de altitudes intermedias. Finalmente, Gundlachia, Dugesia y Pentaneura fueron exclusivos y frecuentes en los sitios de mayor altitud. Conclusiones: La composición de comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en el río Garagoa presentó diferencias notables respecto al gradiente altitudinal evaluado que contrastaron con los patrones de biodiversidad esperados. Se resalta la importancia de incluir taxones que generalmente no se informan en los estudios de biodiversidad, para comprender mejor los patrones de distribución de las comunidades acuáticas en arroyos de los Andes.

Resumen Introducción: Las charcas temporales son ecosistemas acuáticos variables en su estructura física y biótica, efímeros en el paisaje e importantes en el flujo de materia y energía. Los macroinvertebrados acuáticos constituyen el grupo más abundante y diverso en estos ecosistemas y requieren mayor estudio, particularmente en los trópicos. Objetivo: Evaluar la diversidad alfa y beta de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados acuáticos de seis charcas temporales durante dos épocas climáticas en el norte de Colombia. Métodos: En Magdalena, Colombia, hicimos seis arrastres aleatorios con redes manuales en la zona litoral, y seis arrastres en zigzag con redes tipo D en la zona lacustre; recolectamos macrofauna en tres lances con una draga Ekman; y muestreamos cada charca durante la alta precipitación (noviembre, 2020) y la baja precipitación (febrero, 2021). Resultados: Identificamos 3 358 individuos (13 órdenes, 39 familias y 68 géneros). La mayor abundancia y diversidad (N= 485, 0D= 32) durante la época de lluvia se presentó en Los Campanos, mientras que la charca Villa Leidy tuvo el mayor número de taxones comunes (18) y dominantes (14). En la época de sequía, la charca Los Trillizos presentó la mayor abundancia (533) y diversidad (43); mientras que Villa Leidy y El Miquito el mayor número de taxones dominantes (16). Las charcas tienen composiciones particulares (sin agrupamientos espaciales o temporales); el recambio de taxones es alto, y la correspondencia canónica se agrupa por temporada. Conclusiones: la composición de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados acuáticos de las charcas temporales son muy diversas, presentando alto recambio tanto espacial como temporal, reflejando altos valores de remplazo de taxones entre épocas climáticas. La zona litoral mantuvo una composición similar durante las dos temporadas.

Abstract Introduction: Temporary ponds are variable aquatic ecosystems in their physical and biotic structure, ephemeral in the landscape and important in the flow of matter and energy. Aquatic macroinvertebrates constitute the most abundant and diverse group in these ecosystems and need further study, particularly in the tropics. Objective: To evaluate the alpha and beta diversity of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of six temporary pools during two climatic seasons in Northern Colombia. Methods: In Magdalena, Colombia, we did six random trawls with hand nets in the coastal zone, and six zig zag trawls with D nets in the lacustrine zone; we collected macrofauna in three random hauls with an Ekman dredge; and sampled each pond in high rainfall (November 2020) and low rainfall (February 2021). Results: We identified 3 358 individuals (13 orders, 39 families and 68 genera). The highest rainy season abundance and diversity (N= 485, 0D= 32) were in Los Campanos, while Villa Leidy Pond had the highest number of common (18) and dominant (14) taxa. During the dry season, Los Trillizos Pond had the highest abundance (533) and diversity (43); while Villa Leidy and El Miquito had the largest number of dominant taxa (16). The pools have a particular composition (no spatial or temporal grouping); taxa turnover is high, and the canonical correspondence clustered by season. Conclusions: The aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of the temporary ponds are diverse and have high turnover in space and time, reflecting high replacement of taxa between climatic periods. The littoral zone had a similar composition in the two seasons.

Abstract Introduction: Macroinvertebrate communities are affected by water quality and physical characteristics of the aquatic habitat, simultaneously, complicating their use as bioindicators. Objective: To determine which habitat variables regulate the macroinvertebrate community in mountain streams in Eastern of Antioquia (Colombia). Methods: Sampling was carried out in February 2021 (dry-rain transition period), to evaluate physical and chemical variables in three types of mesohabitat: ripples, pools, and rapids in streams with contrasting vegetation covers. The macroinvertebrates were collected from ten sampling sites with a net, screen and manual type net preserved with 70 % ethanol. Results: 4 484 macroinvertebrates were collected (16 orders, 46 families and 75 genera). The ripples mesohabitat presented higher values of diversity and abundance, while the pools presented the lowest. There were differences for oxygen concentration, depth, speed, and macroinvertebrate abundance between mesohabitats. Pools differed from the other mesohabitats in depth, speed, as well as in composition, abundance, and richness in macroinvertebrates, and was the least preferred mesohabitat. Conclusion: Speed, depth, dissolved oxygen concentration played a very important role in the establishment of macroinvertebrates community in different mesohabitats. For the same type of mesohabitat, the quality of the plant cover determined both diversity and abundance of this community.

Resumen Introducción: Las comunidades de macroinvertebrados son afectadas simultáneamente por la calidad del agua y las características físicas del hábitat acuático, complicando su uso en la bioindicación. Objetivo: Determinar cuáles variables del hábitat condicionan la comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en algunas corrientes (quebradas) de montaña del Oriente antioqueño (Colombia). Métodos: El muestreo se realizó en febrero 2021 (periodo de transición seco-lluvia), para evaluar variables físicas y químicas en tres tipos de mesohábitats: rápidos, rizos y pozas en corrientes con coberturas vegetales contrastantes. Los macroinvertebrados fueron recolectados en diez sitios de muestreo con red tipo net, pantalla y manual, y preservados en etanol al 70 %. Resultados: Se recolectaron 4 484 macroinvertebrados (16 órdenes, 46 familias y 75 géneros). El mesohábitat rizo presentó mayores valores de diversidad y abundancia, mientras las pozas presentaron los menores. Hubo diferencias en la concentración de oxígeno, profundidad, velocidad y abundancia de macroinvertebrados entre mesohábitats. Las pozas defirieron de los otros mesohábitats en profundidad, velocidad, así como en la composición, abundancia y riqueza de macroinvertebrados, y fue el hábitat de menor preferencia. Conclusión: La velocidad, profundidad y concentración de oxígeno disuelto, desempeñan un papel muy importante en el establecimiento de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados en los diferentes mesohábitats. En el mismo tipo de mesohábitat, la calidad de la cobertura vegetal determinó la diversidad y abundancia de esta comunidad.

Abstract: The present study assesses the water quality of Ciénaga La Pachita swamp (Cesar, Colombia) by characterizing the aquatic macroinvertebrates associated to the macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae), also known as Buchón de Agua. The assessment also examines physical and chemical variables in different hydrological periods, estimates alpha and beta diversity indices, and determines the BMWP/Col and ASPT water quality indices. As a result, 1550 macroinvertebrates are collected, belonging to five classes, 11 orders, and 21 families. Alpha and beta diversity indices show medium diversity and the class Insecta is dominant. The order Coleoptera is the most diverse while the order Diptera is the most abundant, the Chironomidae family being the most dominant. A significant percentage of the families identified are significantly correlated with both dissolved oxygen and suspended solids. In conclusion, the Ciénaga La Pachita has a medium diversity of macroivertebrates associated to the radicular system of E. crassipes.

Resumen: En el presente estudio se evalúa la calidad del agua en la Ciénaga La Pachita (Cesar, Colombia) a través de análisis de macroinvertebrados acuáticos asociados a la macrofita Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae), Buchón de Agua. Se examinan variables físico-químicas en diferentes periodos hidrológicos, se estiman los índices de diversidad alfa y beta y se determinan los índices de calidad del agua BMWP/Col y ASPT. Como resultado se colectan 1550 macroinvertebrados pertenecientes a 5 clases, 11 órdenes y 21 familias. La diversidad alfa y beta muestran una diversidad media y la clase Insecta es dominante. El orden Coleoptera es el más diverso y el orden Diptera es el más abundante, siendo la familia Chironomidae la más dominante. Un importante porcentaje de las familias registradas se correlacionaron significativamente con las variables oxígeno disuelto y sólidos suspendidos. En conclusión, la Ciénaga La Pachita tiene una mediana diversidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos asociados al sistema radicular de E. crassipes.

Resumen Los cultivos en el estado de Campeche se están intensificando, esto ocasiona transformaciones en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas del suelo. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de los agroecosistemas sobre la macrofauna edáfica y las propiedades del suelo. Se tomaron 10 puntos de muestreo por agroecosistema, con tres repeticiones cada. Los sitios se escogieron de acuerdo con el uso agropecuarios (pastizal, monte, agrícola intensivo y tradicional) y tiempo de uso (≥8 años). Se tomó 1 kg de cada muestra a 20 cm de profundidad, colocadas posteriormente en bolsas de polietileno. Se determinó pH, conductividad eléctrica, materia orgánica, fósforo disponible, nitrógeno total y macrofauna edáfica. Con los datos de cada variable se realizó un análisis de varianza y para determinar las diferencias entre usos de suelo y sitios, se efectuó una prueba de medias según el estadístico de Tukey (p≤ 0.05), mediante el software Statistica versión 7.1. El agroecosistema Pastizal de Palizada presentó las mejores características en los suelos, con pH de 7.29, P, MO, N de 1.31 mg kg-1, 5.05% y 0.31%, respectivamente y fauna edáfica con 66 individuos. El agroecosistema con menor calidad en el suelo fue cultivos intensivos de Hopelchén, con pH moderadamente ácidos (6.44), mayor cantidad de P (33.42 mg kg-1), menor MO (2.59%) y contenidos elevados de N (0.23%) y sin macrofauna edáfica. El manejo del suelo en los agroecosistemas agrícolas no favorece la presencia de macrofauna edáfica ni mantiene los nutrientes necesarios para el buen funcionamiento y calidad de suelo.

Abstract Crops in the state of Campeche are intensifying, this causes transformations in the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil. The objective was to determine the effect of agroecosystems on soil macrofauna and soil properties. Ten sampling points per agroecosystem were taken, with three repetitions each. The sites were chosen according to the agricultural use (grassland, forest, intensive and traditional agricultural) and time of use (≥8 years). One kilogram from each sample was taken at a depth of 20 cm, then placed in polyethylene bags. The pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, available phosphorus, total nitrogen and soil macrofauna were determined. With the data of each variable, an analysis of variance was performed and to determine the differences between land uses and sites, a mean test was carried out according to the Tukey statistic (p≤ 0.05), using the software Statistica version 7.1. The grassland agroecosystem of Palizada presented the best characteristics in the soils, with pH of 7.29, P, OM, N of 1.31 mg kg-1, 5.05% and 0.31%, respectively and soil fauna with 66 individuals. The agroecosystem with the lowest soil quality was intensive crops of Hopelchén, with moderately acidic pHs (6.44), higher amount of P (33.42 mg kg-1), lower OM (2.59%) and high N contents (0.23%) and without soil macrofauna. Soil management in agricultural agroecosystems does not favor the presence of soil macrofauna nor does it maintain the nutrients necessary for the proper functioning and quality of the soil.

Resumen Introducción. La palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis) es uno de los monocultivos perennes que se ha extendido a casi un poco más de diecinueve millones de hectáreas en el mundo, su expansión ha generado debate social, económico y político en diversos países tropicales. Una de las problemáticas que se ha discutido, es el impacto sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas, biológicas y ecológicas del suelo. Objetivo. (i) Ofrecer un panorama actual de la expansión del cultivo de palma de aceite para una zona de la región Soconusco, Chiapas, México, (ii) documentar los efectos que provoca la palma de aceite sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas del suelo y (iii) presentar algunas propuestas de prácticas de manejo para incrementar la fertilidad y la abundancia de macroinvertebrados del suelo. Desarrollo. Se realizó la búsqueda de palabras clave en el apartado de “tópicos” dentro de la base de datos “Web of Science” del año 2009 hasta marzo del 2018. Se consultaron investigaciones que relacionan el cultivo de la palma de aceite con los parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos del suelo. La literatura demuestra los efectos negativos que genera el monocultivo de palma de aceite sobre algunas propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo y sobre la ecología y biología de la macrofauna edáfica. Conclusión. Se muestra evidencia de que el mal manejo del monocultivo de la palma de aceite tiene implicaciones ambientales. La integración de buenas prácticas de manejo sostenibles, podrían mitigar los daños al suelo.

Abstract Introduction. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the perennial monocultures that has spread to almost a little more than nineteen million hectares in the world. Its expansion has generated social, economic, and political debate in various tropical countries. One of the problems that has been discussed is the impact on the physicochemical, biological, and ecological properties of the soil. Objective. (i) To provide a current overview of the expansion of oil palm cultivation in an area of the Soconusco region, Chiapas, Mexico, (ii) to document the effects caused by oil palm on the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil, and (iii) to present some proposals for management practices to increase the fertility and abundance of soil macroinvertebrates. Development. The search for keywords was carried out in the “topics” section within the “Web of Science” database from the year 2009 to March 2018. Research that relates the cultivation of oil palm with physical parameters, soil chemicals, and biology was consulted. The literature demonstrates the negative effects generated by oil palm monoculture on some physicochemical properties of the soil and the ecology and biology of the edaphic macrofauna. Conclusion. Evidence is show that the poor management of oil palm monoculture has environmental implications. The integration of good sustainable management practices could mitigate damage to the soil.

Resumen: La calidad del agua superficial en cuencas con baja oferta y alta demanda de este recurso, debe evaluarse principalmente en países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, por la disponibilidad de recursos, únicamente se ha venido considerando a los parámetros fisicoquímicos para hacerlo, por lo que el relacionar elementos bióticos y abióticos permitirá conocer el estado ecológico, como una lectura más integral de la salud o calidad del ecosistema acuático. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la calidad ecológica en microcuencas con diverso estado de conservación del suelo y que abastecen con agua para su potabilización en la ciudad de Loja al Sur del Ecuador. Para ello, fueron usados diversos índices bióticos, partiendo desde los más comunes como los índices de diversidad, el índice ABI (Andean Biotic Index) basado en el BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party), el EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera y Trichoptera); y el índice de calidad de hábitat SVAP (Stream Visual Assessment Protocol). Los resultados de estos índices ubican a las tres microcuencas que abastecen actualmente de agua (San Simón, El Carmen y Mendieta) con buena calidad; sin embargo, no se deben descuidar sus condiciones de uso, manejo y conservación. Para las dos microcuencas restantes, se estimó una calidad de agua dudosa debido al impacto de ciertas actividades antrópicas que se presentan en ellas. Por esta razón, usar el índice de calidad ecológica (ICE) en cuencas abastecedoras de agua, puede ser muy útil para la gestión integral de cuencas, el ordenamiento territorial, o generar normativa por parte de los gobiernos autónomos descentralizados (GAD) con una visión más holística y prospectiva.

Abstract: The quality of surface water in basins with low supply and high demand for this resource must be evaluated, mainly in developing countries. However, due to the availability of resources, only the physicochemical parameters have been considered to do it, in order that relating biotic and abiotic elements will allow knowing the ecological status, as a more comprehensive reading of the health or quality of the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the ecological quality in micro-basins with different soil conservation status and that supply water for its purification in the city of Loja in southern Ecuador. For this, various biotic indices were used, starting from the most common as diversity indices, the ABI (Andean Biotic Index) based on the BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party), the EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera); and the habitat quality index SVAP (Stream Visual Assessment Protocol). The results of these indices place the three micro-basins that currently supply water (San Simón, El Carmen and Mendieta), with good quality; however, their conditions of use, management and conservation should not be neglected. For the two remaining micro-basins, a doubtful water quality was estimated due to the impact of certain anthropic activities that occur in them. For this reason, using the ecological quality index (EQI) in water supply basins can be very useful for integral management watersheds, territorial ordering, or to generate regulations by decentralized autonomous governments (DAG), with a more holistic and prospective vision.

Abstract Aim In the present study, the structure of the benthic invertebrates in ponds in the presence and absence of Nile tilapia was evaluated. Methods The benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters were analyzed for a period of eight weeks, every 15 days, in two ponds (one with fish and the other without fish). Benthic invertebrates were sampled with artificial substrate samplers, made with cheap and common materials, like expanded clay, loofah leaves and gravel. Results With the exception of turbidity, the other physical and chemical variables of water quality were within the ideal limits for tilapia farming. Despite that, there was a significant difference for all physical-chemical parameters monitored, and the average turbidity was much higher in pond with fish. The use of artificial substrate samplers for biomonitoring was effective in the colonization of several taxa in a short period of time (15 days). For benthic community metrics, organism richness, diversity and evenness were significantly higher in the pond without fish. On the other hand, the dominance of Chironomidae and the abundance of Glossiphonidae were much higher in the pond with fish. For Chironomidae, this family was dominant in both treatments, but reached a higher frequency in the pond with fish (98.49%) than in pond without fish (92.87%). The presence of sensitive families, like Leptoceridae (Order Trichoptera), was higher in the pond with no fish, as well as the metric of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera families (% EPT). Conclusions The presence of fish altered the macrobenthic community, since metrics of richness and diversity presented lower values in pond with fish.

Resumo Objetivo No presente estudo, avaliou-se a estrutura de invertebrados bentônicos em viveiros escavados na presença e ausência de tilápia do Nilo. Métodos Os macroinvertebrados bentônicos e os parâmetros físico-químicos foram analisados por um período de oito semanas, a cada 15 dias, em dois viveiros (um com peixes e outro sem peixes). Os invertebrados bentônicos foram coletados com amostradores de substrato artificial, feitos com materiais baratos e comuns, tais como argila expandida, folhas de taboa e brita. Resultados Com exceção da turbidez, as demais variáveis físicas e químicas da qualidade da água estiveram dentro dos limites ideais para o cultivo de tilápia. Apesar disso, houve diferença significativa para todos os parâmetros físico-químicos monitorados, sendo que a turbidez média foi bem maior no tanque com peixes. Para as métricas dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos, riqueza, diversidade e uniformidade de organismos foram significativamente maiores no tanque sem peixes. Por outro lado, a dominância de Chironomidae e a abundância de Glossiphonidae foram muito maiores no tanque com peixes. Para Chironomidae, esta família foi dominante em ambos os tratamentos, mas atingiu maior frequência no viveiro com peixes (98,49%) do que no viveiro sem peixes (92,87%). A presença de famílias sensíveis, como Leptoceridae (Ordem Trichoptera), foi maior no viveiro sem peixes, assim como a métrica das famílias Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (% EPT). Conclusões O uso de amostradores de substrato artificial para biomonitoramento mostrou-se eficaz na colonização de diversos táxons em um curto período de tempo (15 dias). Por fim, a presença de peixes alterou a comunidade macrobentônica, já que as métricas de riqueza e diversidade apresentaram valores mais baixos no viveiro escavado com peixes.

Abstract Aquatic macroinvertebrates are integral parts of functioning wetlands, inhabiting a diversity of aquatic ecosystems where communities are spatially structured. Macroinvertebrates of some Mediterranean regions such as North Africa are still not well studied. Here, we study the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in four different types of lotic and lentic wetlands in the semiarid Haut Plateaux of Northeast Algeria. Macroinvertebrates and 06 physicochemical parameters were sampled in 12 sites belonging to four types of habitats (lotic river, lentic river, dams, and sebkha [saline lentic water body]) during January-December 2021. Eventually, the character lentic-lotic was the most important variable affecting the affecting invertebrate communities in the Mediterranean region. The results revealed that sebkha and dams had a lower Shannon index than lentic and lotic rivers. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed a strong overlap between the community composition in lotic and lentic sites . Howeverin the three types of aquatic groups lentic river, dam and lotic habitats showed a strong overlap between the community whereas sebkha was markedly separated. Redundancy analysis showed that water velocity and pH, were the main drivers of community structure of macroinvertebrates, revealed a strong effect with pH (F1,8=4.15, P = 0.001) and water velocity (F1,8= 3.22, P = 0.002) , separating lotic communities from those that inhabited dams, lentic rivers, and sebkhas. As conclusion, this study contributes to the better understanding of the community structure of macroinvertebrates in semiarid North Africa where wetlands have been experiencing high anthropogenic disturbance.

Resumo Macroinvertebrados aquáticos são partes integrantes de zonas úmidas em funcionamento, habitando uma diversidade de ecossistemas aquáticos onde as comunidades são espacialmente estruturadas. Os macroinvertebrados de algumas regiões mediterrâneas, como o norte da África, ainda não foram especificamente analisados. Neste trabalho, almejou-se analisar a estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em 4 tipos diferentes de pântanos lóticos e lênticos no semiárido Haut Plateaux do nordeste da Argélia. Os macroinvertebrados e 6 parâmetros físico-químicos foram amostrados mensalmente em 12 locais pertencentes a 4 categorias de habitats diferentes (rio lótico, rio lêntico, barragens e sebkha - corpo de água salina lêntica) de janeiro a dezembro de 2021. Os resultados revelaram que sebkha e barragens tiveram um pH mais baixo do que os rios lênticos e lóticos. A análise de escala multidimensional não-métrica mostrou uma forte sobreposição entre a composição da comunidade em sítios lóticos e lênticos, mas nos 3 tipos de sítios lênticos, barragem e rio lêntico mostraram uma forte sobreposição, enquanto sebkha foi marcadamente separado. A análise de redundância mostrou que a velocidade da água e o pH foram os principais impulsionadores da estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados, separando as comunidades lóticas daquelas que habitavam barragens, rios lênticos e sebkhas. Assim, à guisa de conclusão, este estudo contribui para a melhor compreensão da estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados no semiárido norte da África, onde as zonas úmidas têm sofrido alta perturbação antrópica.