Abstract The development of radio frequency circuits is currently guided mainly through two objectives, which are size reduction and performance improvement of devices. Within a reception or transmission channel, the division and/or combination of power are the most delicate stages due to their large dimensions and high insertion losses, particularly in the case of dividers/combiners based on planar technologies. In this context, this study proposes an analysis and design of a new broadband power divider and combiner using stepped impedance. The power divider/combiner developed is designed to cover a broad frequency spectrum ranging from 1 GHz to 4 GHz, including wireless applications such as Global Mobile Communications Systems (GSM), Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM), and Sub-6 GHz 5th Generation (5G) applications. The proposed circuit was analyzed using the stepped transmission line impedance method and designed by Advanced Design System (ADS) on an Epoxy-FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.58 mm. The achieved results showed excellent characteristics in terms of transmission across the input and output terminals, mismatches at all three terminals, and isolation among output terminals. A prototype was built and the measured results showed good agreement with those obtained by simulation. objectives devices channel andor losses dividerscombiners dividers combiners technologies context dividercombiner GSM, GSM , (GSM) Industrial ISM, ISM (ISM) Sub6 Sub 6 Sub- th 5G G (5G ADS (ADS EpoxyFR4 EpoxyFR Epoxy FR4 FR Epoxy-FR 44 4. 158 58 1.5 mm terminals simulation (GSM (ISM 15 5 1.

Abstract Ring shape microstrip antenna designs supported via an altered ground plane profile are proposed for multi-band response with wider bandwidth in each band. The impedance bandwidth of a single ring patch supported via a slot cut ground plane on a substrate having a thickness of ~ 0.1λg, is 45.8% and the broadside gain is 5.6 dBi. By employing additional stack patches, dual and triple-band configurations are obtained. In the respective operative frequency bands, maximum 15% of bandwidth is achieved in the suggested antenna, with a maximum broadside gain of more than 5.5 dBi. Through the acquired antenna features, the proposed configuration fulfills the criteria of E-GSM900/Secondary Surveillance Radar/Aeronautical Radio Navigation Applications. multiband multi band 01λg λg 0 1λg 0.1λg 458 45 8 45.8 56 5 6 5. dBi patches tripleband triple obtained bands 15 55 features EGSM900/Secondary EGSM900Secondary EGSMSecondary E GSM900/Secondary GSM900 Secondary GSM RadarAeronautical Radar Aeronautical Applications 4 45. 1 EGSM900 EGSM GSM900Secondary GSMSecondary GSM90 EGSM90 GSM9 EGSM9

Abstract Objective: This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to update evidence on the effectiveness and safety of laser therapy for treating genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Data sources: Manuscripts published until May 2023 were systematically searched in PubMed; Embase; Scopus; Web of Science; CENTRAL; CINAHL; and clinical trial databases (www.trialscentral.org, www.controlled-trials.com, and clinicaltrials.gov), with no language and year of publication restriction. Studies selection: RCTs with women diagnosed with GSM, and the intervention was vaginal laser therapy (CO2-laser or Er: YAG-laser) comparing with placebo (sham therapy), no treatment or vaginal estrogen therapy. Data collection: Two authors evaluated the publications for inclusion based on the title and abstract, followed by reviewing the relevant full-text articles. Disagreements during the review process were addressed by consensus, with the involvement of a third author. Data synthesis: Twelve RCTs, representing a total of 5147 participants, were included in this review. Vaginal health index (VHI) significantly improved in the carbon dioxide laser (CO2-laser) therapy group (MD=2.21; 95% CI=1.25 to 3.16), while dyspareunia (MD=−0.85; 95% CI=−1.59 to −0.10), dryness (MD=−0.62; 95% CI=−1.12 to −0.12) and burning (MD= −0.64; 95% CI=−1.28 to −0.01) decreased. No serious adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: CO2-laser increases VHI score and decreases dyspareunia, dryness and burning, especially when compared to sham-laser. However, the certainty of the evidence is low, thus preventing the recommendation of laser therapy for GSM management. Objective metaanalysis meta analysis (RCTs GSM. . (GSM) sources 202 PubMed Embase Scopus Science CENTRAL CINAHL www.trialscentral.org, wwwtrialscentralorg www trialscentral org (www.trialscentral.org www.controlledtrials.com, wwwcontrolledtrialscom www.controlled trials.com, com www.controlled-trials.com clinicaltrials.gov, clinicaltrialsgov clinicaltrials.gov , clinicaltrials gov clinicaltrials.gov) restriction selection CO2laser COlaser CO2 CO Er YAGlaser YAG YAG-laser sham therapy, therapy) collection abstract fulltext full text articles consensus author synthesis 514 participants (VHI MD=2.21 MD221 MD 2 21 (MD=2.21 95 CI125 CI 1 25 CI=1.2 3.16, 316 3.16 3 16 3.16) MD=−0.85 MD085 0 85 (MD=−0.85 CI159 59 CI=−1.5 −0.10, 010 −0.10 10 −0.10) MD=−0.62 MD062 62 (MD=−0.62 CI112 12 CI=−1.1 −0.12 012 MD= (MD −0.64 064 64 CI128 28 CI=−1.2 −0.01 001 01 decreased reported Conclusion shamlaser. shamlaser laser. sham-laser However low management (GSM 20 www.trialscentral.org controlledtrials www.controlledtrials.com wwwcontrolled trialscom trials.com 51 MD=2.2 MD22 (MD=2.2 9 CI12 CI=1. 31 3.1 MD=−0.8 MD08 8 (MD=−0.8 CI15 5 CI=−1. −0.1 MD=−0.6 MD06 6 (MD=−0.6 CI11 −0.6 06 −0.0 00 MD=2. MD2 (MD=2. CI1 CI=1 3. MD=−0. MD0 (MD=−0. CI=−1 −0. MD=2 (MD=2 CI= MD=−0 (MD=−0 CI=− −0 MD=− (MD=− −

RESUMEN El objetivo fue determinar la energía metabolizable aparente (EMAn) y digestibilidad íleal aparente (CDI) de aminoácidos en la harina de calamar gigante (Dosidicus gigas) (HCG), como alternativa proteica en dietas para pollos de engorda. Experimento 1: en la HCG se determinó la EMAn y el CDI de sus aminoácidos. A 96 pollos se les proporcionó dieta con 8 y 16% de HCG durante 21 días de edad. Experimento 2: 72 pollos fueron alimentados con 16 y 20% de HCG en la dieta, durante 42 días. Variables productivas, rendimiento de canal, color de piel y sabor fueron evaluados. Resultados: EMAn fue 3376.15 kcal/kg y CDI de los aminoácidos mayor a 68%, excepto histidina (21%) y cisteína (47%). Ganancia de peso y peso final se redujeron con 16% HCG (P < 0.05) respecto al testigo a los 21 días de edad, sin embargo, a los 42 días no se detectaron diferencias (P > 0.05) entre tratamientos con 16 y 20%, tanto en las variables productivas como en rendimiento de la canal y peso de pollos (P > 0.05). El sabor de la carne no se vio afectado por HCG (P > 0.05). Se concluye que la HCG es una fuente alterna de proteína en dietas para pollos de engorda.

ABSTRACT The objective was to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids in giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) (GSM) meal, as a protein alternative in diets for broilers. Experiment 1: in GSM the AMEn and the AID of its amino acids were determined. Ninety-six chickens were fed a diet with 8 and 16% GSM for 21 days of age. Experiment 2: 72 chickens were fed with 16 and 20% GSM in the diet for 42 days. Productive parameters, carcass yield, skin color and flavor meat were evaluated. Results: AMEn was 3376.15 kcal/kg and AID of amino acids greater than 68%, except histidine (21%) and cysteine (47%). Weight gain and final weight were reduced with 16% GSM (P < 0.05) compared to the control at 21 days of age, however at 42 days no differences were detected (P > 0.05) between treatments with 16 and 20%, both in the productive parameters and in carcass yield and chicken weight (P > 0.05). The taste of the meat was not affected by GSM (P > 0.05). It is concluded that GSM is an alternate source of protein in diets for broilers.

Abstract: It aims to analyze journal self-citation in Ibero-American journals from the h5-index of the Google Scholar Metrics. The bibliometric tool Gsm_hdata was used to identify 4049 Ibero-American journals indexed simultaneously in Latindex and Google Scholar Metrics. Self-citations were identified, self-citation rates by country and research area were calculated, and the h5-index was recalculated without self-citations (hs5-index). No self-citations were identified in almost 40% of the journals, especially those with an h5-index lower than 5. The overall average self-citation rate was 3.6%. Among the 1859 most cited journals with at least one self-citation, the rate was 4.8%, lower than that of research based on the Impact Factor. Journals of Engineering, Exact and Natural Sciences, and Agricultural Sciences had the highest self-citation rates, while Social Sciences and Humanities journals presented the lowest. Journals with excessive rates (outliers) were identified in all areas. These results suggest that the prior exclusion of journal self-citations in the calculation of the h5-index is not necessary. However, monitoring journals with excessive self-citation rates is recommended to avoid distortions in impact assessment procedures based on h5-index of Google Scholar Metrics. Abstract selfcitation self citation IberoAmerican Ibero American h5index hindex h5 index h Metrics Gsmhdata Gsm hdata 404 Selfcitations Self citations calculated selfcitations hs5index. hs5index hsindex hs5 . hs (hs5-index) 40 5 36 3 6 3.6% 185 selfcitation, citation, 48 4 8 4.8% Factor Engineering lowest outliers (outliers areas necessary However (hs5-index 3.6 18 4.8 3. 1 4.

Resumo: Este estudo analisa a autocitação de periódicos a partir do índice-h5. Foi utilizada a ferramenta bibliométrica Gsm_hdata para identificar 4049 periódicos ibérico-americanos indexados simultaneamente no Latindex e no Google Scholar Metrics. As autocitações foram identificadas, as taxas de autocitação por país e área de pesquisa foram calculadas e o índice-h5 foi recalculado sem autocitações (índice-hs5). Quase 40% dos periódicos não registraram autocitações, especialmente aqueles com índice-h5 menor que 5. A taxa média geral de autocitação foi de 3,6%. Entre os 1859 periódicos mais citados e com pelo menos uma autocitação, a taxa foi de 4,8%, taxa inferior à de pesquisas baseadas no Fator de Impacto. Periódicos de Engenharia, de Ciências Exatas e Naturais e de Ciências Agrárias apresentaram as maiores taxas de autocitação, enquanto periódicos de Ciências Sociais e Humanas as mais baixas. Periódicos com taxas excessivas (outliers) foram identificados em todas as áreas. Estes resultados sugerem que a exclusão prévia de autocitação de periódicos no cálculo do h5-índice não é necessária. No entanto, é recomendado monitorar periódicos com taxas excessivas para evitar distorções nos procedimentos de avaliação de impacto baseados no h5-índice do Google Scholar Metrics. Resumo índiceh5. índiceh5 índiceh índice h5. h5 h Gsmhdata Gsm hdata 404 ibéricoamericanos ibérico americanos Metrics identificadas índice-h índicehs5. índicehs5 índicehs hs5 . hs (índice-hs5) 40 5 36 3 6 3,6% 185 48 4 8 4,8% Impacto Engenharia baixas outliers (outliers áreas h5índice híndice necessária entanto (índice-hs5 3,6 18 4,8 (índice-hs 3, 1 4,

Abstract Factors related to atherosclerotic plaques may indicate instability, such as ulcerations, intraplaque hemorrhages, lipid core, thin or irregular fibrous cap, and inflammation. The grayscale median (GSM) value is one of the most widespread methods of studying atherosclerotic plaques and it is therefore important to comprehensively standardize image post-processing. Post-processing was performed using Photoshop 23.1.1.202. Images were standardized by adjusting the grayscale histogram curves, setting the darkest point of the vascular lumen (blood) to zero and the distal adventitia to 190. Posterization and color mapping were performed. A methodology that presents the current state of the art in an accessible and illustrative way should contribute to the dissemination of GSM analysis. This article describes and illustrates the process step by step. instability ulcerations hemorrhages core cap inflammation (GSM postprocessing. postprocessing post processing. processing post-processing Postprocessing Post 2311202 23 1 202 23.1.1.202 curves blood (blood 190 analysis 231120 2 20 23.1.1.20 19 23112 23.1.1.2 2311 23.1.1. 231 23.1.1 23.1. 23.1 23.

Resumo Fatores relativos à placa aterosclerótica podem indicar instabilidade como ulcerações, hemorragias intraplaca, núcleo lipídico, capa fibrosa delgada ou irregular e inflamação. A mediana de escala de cinza (GSM, de greyscale median) da placa é um dos métodos mais difundidos de estudo da placa aterosclerótica; nesse sentido, é importante criar uma padronização da pós-processamento de forma compreensível. O pós-processamento foi realizado no software Photoshop 23.1.1. A padronização da imagem foi alcançada com o ajuste de curvas do histograma de escalas de cinza definindo o ponto mais escuro do lúmen vascular (sangue) para zero e a adventícia distal para 190. A posterização e o remapeamento de cores foram realizados. Um método que apresenta o atual estado da arte da técnica de forma acessível e ilustrativa pode contribuir para disseminação da análise de GSM. Neste artigo, esse processo é demonstrado passo a passo. ulcerações intraplaca lipídico inflamação GSM, GSM (GSM median sentido pósprocessamento pós processamento compreensível 2311 23 1 23.1.1 sangue (sangue 190 realizados artigo 231 2 23.1. 19 23.1 23.

Abstract: This study presents the design of a face mask detector that uses a camera, controlled by Raspberry PI with Python, which generates alerts when detecting people not properly wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The system uses a security camera and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) wireless communication. The face mask detector equipped with artificial intelligence is implemented in the "La Joya" building at the Salesian Polytechnic University (Ecuador). The learning model is developed in stages. The results show that at stage 20, the accuracy and the test accuracy of the model reaches one. Similarly, data loss achieves zero at stage 20. It is concluded that the face mask detection system successfully monitors a specific area, improving the safety of students attending classes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumen: En este estudio se presenta el diseño de un detector de mascarilla por medio de una cámara controlada por un Raspberry PI con Python que genera alertas en caso de detectar a personas que no usen correctamente la mascarilla durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se utiliza una cámara de seguridad y comunicación inalámbrica a través de GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). El detector con inteligencia artificial se implementa en el edificio “La Joya” de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador). El aprendizaje del modelo se realiza por épocas. Los resultados muestran que en la época 20, la precisión y prueba de exactitud del modelo llegan a 1. De igual forma, la pérdida (Loss) de datos llega en la época 20 a tener una pérdida de datos de 0. Se concluye que el sistema de detección de mascarilla permite monitorear un área determinada, proporcionando un mejor cuidado de los estudiantes durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated condition associated with fibroinflammatory lesions that can occur in almost any anatomical site. Histopathological examination is essential when suspected to diagnose it to exclude malignancy and other diseases. The objective of this study was to describe the histological findings of the minor salivary gland biopsy (GSL) in patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD, and subsequently to correlate these findings with the histology and immunohistochemistry of the major salivary gland (GSM). Materials and methods: retrospective, observational and descriptive study on a cohort of 40 patients diagnosed with RD-IgG4. Twenty-six patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD who presented SLG biopsies were included. Results: the 73% of the samples presented a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and 11% of them fibrosis with a non-storiform pattern. In no case was obliterative arteritis or any form of phlebitis found. When comparing the findings of the GSM biopsies, there was no statistical significance. Sixty-five percent of the patients presented extraglandular involvement; the pancreato-hepato-biliary system and the adenopathies were the most affected. Conclusions: incisional biopsy of the submandibular gland would be more useful and appropriate than LSG for a definitive diagnosis of IgG4-RD.

Resumen Introducción: la enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 (ER-IgG4) es una afección inmunomediada, asociada con lesiones fibroinflamatorias que pueden ocurrir en casi cualquier órgano. Ante su sospecha clínica es fundamental realizar el examen histopatológico para excluir malignidad y otras enfermedades. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue describir los hallazgos histológicos de la biopsia de glándulas salivales labiales (GSL) en pacientes con diagnóstico de ER-IgG4 y, posteriormente, comparar estos hallazgos con la histología e inmunohistoquímica de la glándula salival mayor (GSM). Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo sobre una cohorte de 40 pacientes con diagnóstico de ER-IgG4. Se incluyeron 26 pacientes con diagnóstico de ER-IgG4 que presentaron biopsias de GSL. Resultados: el 73% de la muestra tuvo un infiltrado linfoplasmocitario y el 11%, fibrosis con patrón no estoriforme. En ningún caso se halló arteritis obliterativa ni ninguna forma de flebitis. Al realizar la comparación con los hallazgos de las biopsias de GSM, no hubo significancia estadística. El 65% de los pacientes manifestó compromiso extraglandular y fueron los sistemas pancreato-hepato-biliar y las adenopatías los más afectados. Conclusiones: la biopsia incisional de glándula submandibular sería más útil y apropiada que la biopsia de GSL para un diagnóstico definitivo de ER-IgG4.

Abstract: Currently, conventional agriculture has been modified by new quality and quantity requirements and also by changes in climatic factors. In this context, it is necessary to implement emerging technologies that help to optimize natural and economic resources. One of the technological alternatives for the agricultural sector is the implementation of automated greenhouses using the Internet of things concept. One of the difficulties in implementing automated greenhouses is the technical difficulty and cost associated with building these new approaches. This work presents an internet of things architecture to monitor the variables involved within a greenhouse, using wireless connection and internet communication to publish the collected data. The system evaluation was conducted using a mesh covered greenhouse and demonstrated that it is possible to develop low-cost architectures that can connect to the cloud via WiFi or GSM / GPRS technology to upload data to a web server. This information is the input for new approaches that enable the automatic management of greenhouses.

Abstract Objectives: In this pilot, prospective, randomized, double-blind study, the authors compared the efficacy of oxytocin with promestriene in improving vaginal atrophy of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM). Methods: A total of 51 postmenopausal women with symptoms of GSM were evaluated. They were randomized into two groups: oxytocin (25 patients) and promestriene (26 patients) and were evaluated before and after 90 days of treatment; the evaluation was based on the domains of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) (lubrication, satisfaction, and pain during sexual intercourse), clinical visual examination, and vaginal wall thickness. Results: After the use of the medications, both groups showed significant improvement in the three evaluated FSFI domains (p < 0.05) and there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). On clinical examination, the medications improved all the evaluated parameters but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). The evaluation of the thickness of the vaginal epithelium showed that both treatments led to increase in the vaginal epithelium (p < 0.05); however, the efficacy of promestriene was higher than that of oxytocin (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both medications were effective, however, studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm the clinical applicability.

SUMMARY: Considering that the submandibular gland (SMG) of postnatal mice performs active cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation which are regulated by proto-oncogene products in cancerous cells, the expression and localization of a proto-oncogene product HER (human epidermal growth factor receptor)-2 was examined in SMG of postnatal mice. In Western blot analysis, the expression for HER-2 was high until pre-puberty, and it decreased from puberty to young adult stages with male SMG more dominant. In immunohistochemistry, the immunoreactivity was positive in acinar and ductal cells of newborn SMG with distinct localization at the intercellular apposition sites. The immunoreactivity in acinar cells progressively decreased to negligible levels by pre-pubertal stage, while it remained positive in most ductal cells throughout the postnatal time-course. The immunoreactivity in cells of terminal tubules and intercalated ducts, both of which have a high potential to produce cells, were seen at levels similar to those of more proximal ducts, while the immunoreactivity in ductal basal cells was significantly high, but the granular convoluted tubule cells were seen at negligible levels in male and at faint levels in female. In immuno-electron microscopy of excretory ducts, the immunoreactivity was dominantly localized on the basal infolding membranes as well as vesicles and vacuoles of various sizes, but rarely in Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. The immunoreactivity without association to any membranous structures were also seen, though not numerous. The relation of expression levels of HER-2 in various portions of normal SMG to those in their cancerous ones is briefly discussed.

RESUMEN: Considerando que la glándula submandibular (GSM) de ratones postnatales realiza la proliferación celular activa, apoptosis y diferenciación que están reguladas por productos protooncogénicos en células cancerosas, la expresión y localización de un producto protooncogénico HER (receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano) - 2 se examinó en GSM de estos ratones. En el análisis de Western blot, la expresión de HER-2 fue alta hasta la prepubertad, y disminuyó desde la pubertad hasta las etapas de adultos jóvenes con GSM macho más dominante. En inmunohistoquímica, la inmunorreactividad fue positiva en las células acinares y ductales de GSM de recién nacido con una localización distinta en los sitios de aposición intercelular. La inmunorreactividad en las células acinares disminuyó progresivamente a niveles insignificantes en la etapa prepuberal, mientras que permaneció positiva en la mayoría de las células ductales durante el transcurso del tiempo posnatal. La inmunorreactividad en las células de los túbulos terminales y los conductos intercalados, los cuales tienen un alto potencial para producir células, se obser- vó a niveles similares a los de los conductos más proximales, mientras que la inmunorreactividad en las células basales ductales fue significativamente alta, pero en el túbulo contorneado granular las células se observaron en niveles insignificantes en los machos y en niveles débiles en las hembras. En la microscopía inmunoelectrónica de los conductos excretores, la inmunorreactividad se localizó de manera predominante en las membranas de pliegues basales, así como en vesículas y vacuolas de varios tamaños, pero raramente en el aparato de Golgi y en las mitocondrias. También se observó la inmunorreactividad sin asociación a ninguna estructura membranosa, aunque no numerosa. Se discute brevemente la relación de los niveles de expresión de HER-2 en varias porciones de GSM normal con aquellos en sus cancerosos.

Abstract A good wireless network design depends on technical and financial viability and a number of other criteria that must be met. Following the emergence of new technologies and services, such as 5G transmission and the reuse of frequencies, new work is being carried out to ensure a better design for a particular area. This study examines a discrete radio propagation model which employs the K nearest neighbors classifier. The model takes into account the different characteristics of the environment. This article presents a case study for the optimum positioning of base stations in Federal University of Pará (Belém – Brazil), representing a typical Amazon environment. The mentioned scenario is heterogeneous, presenting edifications and considerable forest area. Measurement campaigns were conducted in three different frequencies for the design features of the model: 521 MHz (Brazilian digital TV system), 2100 MHz (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), and 2600 MHz (Long Term Evolution). A study of the fading phenomenon in these frequencies was carried out to generalize the frequencies of application for the propagation loss model. When this model was ready, tests (computing simulations) were conducted in two scenarios to optimize the positioning of the radio base stations being studied.

Abstract: The present study presents the design of a monitoring system that shows climate conditions in a plantain crop by generating alerts of climate variables detected outside the optimal production range. Most plantain crops are controlled by a manual operator, which raises operational costs. The monitoring system uses electronic sensors and wireless communication technologies (XBee and GSM) using an embedded Arduino system. This is interpreted in the QT Creator software by interacting with a database developed in MySQL. The system is composed of two field stations where climate variables reading sensors are located. A monitoring station for supervision is located outside the agricultural area. It is concluded that the monitoring system presented here allows the user to monitor plantain crops remotely and to have access to a history of climate records and out-of-range values that permit avoiding crop production losses.

Resumen: En este artículo se presenta el diseño de un sistema de monitoreo que muestra las condiciones climáticas en un cultivo de plátano con la generación de alertas en caso de detectar variables climáticas fuera del rango óptimo de producción. La mayoría de los cultivos de plátano son controlados por un operador manual, elevando costos de operación. Se utilizan sensores electrónicos y tecnología inalámbrica de comunicación (XBee y GSM) utilizando un sistema embebido Arduino e interpretado en el software Qt Creator con interacción a una base de datos desarrollada en MySQL. El sistema está compuesto por dos estaciones de campo donde se encuentran los sensores para lectura de las variables climáticas y una estación de monitoreo para supervisión fuera de la zona agrícola. Se concluye que el sistema de monitoreo presentado permite supervisar el cultivo de plátano vía remota, teniendo acceso a un historial de registros del clima y valores fuera de rango, lo que posibilita evitar pérdidas de producción agrícola.

ABSTRACT The giant squid Dosidicus gigas has a great potential to elaborate human consumption products and balanced food due to its high protein content. The objective of this work was to inelude 10 and 20 % of giant squid meal (GSM) as a protein source in diets for laying hens. One hundred thirty-five Bovans White hens were distributed as follows: control (T), 10 % (T1), and 20 % (T2), in a 6-week trial. The Productive variables measured were the physical quality of the egg, crude protein, amino acid profile, and sensory evaluation (taste), Raw GSM protein (77.76 %), amino acids (g aa/100 protein): methionine + cysteine (3.76), lysine (10.16), isoleucine (4.26), leucine (6.56), phenylalanine (4.56) and tryptophan (2.0). The Productive variables measured were (P < 0.05) in posture (%); egg weight (g); food conversion (kg: kg) and egg mass (bird/day/g), and without difference (P > 0.05) consumption (bird/day/g); physical quality of the egg with differences (P < 0.05) in egg weight (g), albumin height (mm) and Haugh units (UH). In egg raw protein and amino acid differences (P < 0.05), Sensory evaluation (P > 0.05), rating the 3 treatments in 4 “likes”. According to the results, it is concluded that giant squid flour not exceeding 10 % can be an alternative as a source of protein for feeding posture hens.

RESUMEN El calamar gigante Dosidicus gigas presenta un potencial para elaborar productos para consumo humano y alimentos balanceados por su alto contenido de proteína. El objetivo de este trabajo fue incluir 10 y 20 % de harina de calamar gigante (HCG) como fuente de proteína en dietas para gallinas ponedoras. Ciento treinta y cinco gallinas Bovans White se distribuyeron en testigo (T), 10 % (TI) y 20 % (T2) en ensayo de 6 semanas. Se midieron variables productivas, calidad física del huevo, proteína cruda, perfil de aminoácidos y evaluación sensorial (sabor). Proteína cruda en HCG (77.76 %), aminoácidos (g aa/100 de proteína): metionina+cisteína (3.76), lisina (10.16), isoleusina (4.26), leucina (6.56), fenilalanina (4.56) y triptófano (2.0). Variables productivas (P < 0.05) en postura (%); peso del huevo (g); conversión alimentaria (kg:kg) y masa de huevo (ave/día/g), y sin diferencia (P > 0.05) consumo (ave/día/g). Calidad física del huevo con diferencias (P < 0.05) en peso de huevo (g); altura de albúmina (mm) y unidades Haugh (UH). En huevo proteína cruda y aminoácidos diferencias (P < 0.05). Evaluación sensorial (P > 0.05), calificando los 3 tratamientos en 4 “gusta”. Se concluye que la harina de calamar gigante puede ser una alternativa como fuente de proteína para la alimentación de gallinas de postura no mayor al 10 %.

Resumen Contexto: El modelado y predicción del uso del espectro por parte de los PU es un aspecto importante para reducir la interferencia entre los SU y PU, y mejorar el desempeño de la decisión espectral. Lo anterior requiere de información espectral pasada, que permita al algoritmo modelar el comportamiento del PU. Objetivo: Determinar el valor óptimo de muestras pasadas y tiempo de recálculo de criterios de decisión para los algoritmos de toma de decisiones en redes de radio cognitiva. Metodología: Se realizan varios experimentos de simulación a partir del algoritmo FFAHP, en dos diferentes enfoques, tiempo real y mejor esfuerzo, con tráfico alto y bajo, en la banda de frecuencia GSM. Se realiza un análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos, variando los parámetros de time range, mientras criteria time permanece constante, y viceversa. Resultados: Para tráfico alto es suficiente con tomar 1800 muestras anteriores para calcular el valor inicial de los parámetros y actualizarlos cada 10 minutos (1800). Si el tráfico es bajo es suficiente con tomar 5400 muestras anteriores para calcular el valor inicial de los parámetros y actualizarlos cada 10 minutos (1800). Conclusiones: No es necesario un número elevado de muestras anteriores para determinar el valor inicial de los parámetros de decisión para obtener un buen desempeño de la tasa de handoff, así como tampoco lo es para la actualización de los mismos, para un tráfico correspondiente a la banda de frecuencia GSM. Financiamiento: El presente trabajo es un resultado de un proyecto de investigación financiado por el Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Científico de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.

Abstract Context: The modeling and prediction of spectrum usage by PUs is an important aspect in reducing interference between SUs and Pus, and for improving overall spectral decision-performance. This process requires past spectral information that might allow the algorithm to model the behavior of the PU. Objective: To determine the optimal value of past samples and recalculation time of decision criteria for the decision-making algorithms in cognitive radio networks. Methodology: Several simulation experiments were carried out using the FFAHP algorithm. Two different approaches were used (real time, and better effort), with high and low traffic, in the GSM frequency band. A statistical analysis of the data obtained is performed, varying the time range parameters while the time criteria remained constant, and vice versa. Results: In high traffic conditions, it is enough to take 1800 previous samples to calculate the initial value of the parameters and update them every 10 minutes (1800). Whereas, in low traffic conditions, 5400 previous samples are needed in order to calculate the initial value of parameters and update them every 10 minutes (1800). Conclusions: A high number of previous samples is not necessary to determine the initial value of the decision parameters in order to obtain a good performance of the handoff rate, nor is it necessary to update those parameters to obtain traffic corresponding to the band of GSM frequency. Funding: The present work is a result of a research project financed by the Center of Research and Scientific Development of the District University Francisco José de Caldas.