Resumo No contexto social e político em que vivemos, com um incremento de atores sociais neopopulistas e um cenário de instabilidade democrática, é fundamental entender a qualidade do jornalismo na pós-democracia. A situação de infodemia, que vivemos durante a pandemia da COVID-19, ressaltou os aspetos negativos do uso das redes sociais como ferramenta de informação que ajuda a desenvolver as competências básicas para exercer uma cidadania ativa na democracia liberal. Nestas circunstâncias, é fundamental analisar o papel do jornalismo de referência no combate à desinformação e a sua importância no fomento do pensamento crítico da cidadania, para, desse modo, inserir na agenda pública temas de interesse público. O objetivo principal desta investigação é analisar a qualidade do conteúdo produzido por jornais espanhóis de referência e disponibilizado aos cidadãos por meio das redes sociais. Para isso, utilizamos como metodologia os paradigmas qualitativo e quantitativo, centrados no quadro epistemológico em que estão circunscritos, para realizar uma análise ao conteúdo, a sua tendência e viés político relativamente aos boatos sobre o coronavírus publicados pelos jornais de referência no cenário nacional e regional nos seus perfis do Facebook. Os resultados desta investigação revelam uma baixa interação da audiência com as publicações e abrem novas discussões sobre o tipo de matérias que atraem a atenção do público e que, ao mesmo tempo, podem cumprir com a formação e o fomento do pensamento crítico da cidadania.

Abstract In today’s social and political landscape, marked by the rise of neopopulist social players and heightened democratic uncertainty, it becomes imperative to understand the quality of journalism in post-democratic frameworks. The infodemic witnessed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the pitfalls of relying on social media as a primary information source able to facilitate the development of fundamental skills necessary for active citizenship within liberal democracies. Given these circumstances, it is essential to analyse the pivotal role of mainstream journalism in countering disinformation and fostering critical thinking among citizens, thereby elevating public interest concerns onto the societal agenda. The primary objective of this research is to assess the quality of the content produced by prominent Spanish newspapers and disseminated to the public via social media. Employing both qualitative and quantitative paradigms as a methodology within the epistemological framework that guides them, we analyse the content’s tendencies and political biases concerning rumours about the coronavirus published by leading national and regional newspapers on their Facebook profiles. The findings of this investigation indicate minimal audience engagement with the posts, prompting further discussions on the kinds of stories that capture public interest while also nurturing critical thinking skills among citizens.

BACKGROUND. The Catholic University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences teamed up to address gaps in the training curricula for medical doctors and nurses with the aim of developing harmonised curricular templates that would be comprehensive and suit national objectives. OBJECTIVES. To share experiences and lessons learned in engaging stakeholders using social media as an additional method to collect information on curricular gaps and ideas to develop harmonised medical and nursing curricula. METHODS. Pictures, newsprint extracts, and videos of face-to-face events in the curriculum development process and project and a curriculum advert were posted on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube and used to engage stakeholders, including regulatory bodies, health professional councils, graduates, students, practitioners, health training institutions, private and public employers, internship supervisors, faculty and the public. Reactions, comments and post insights from stakeholder postings, in both Swahili and English, were analysed manually and categorised into four types of messages: congratulatory, comments on the process and expected outcomes, curricular gaps, and faculty development needs to implement new curricula. RESULTS. A total of 69 290 stakeholders were engaged via Facebook and 229 via Twitter. A total of 13 553 (19.6%) Facebook and 179 (78.2%) Twitter comments were directly related to gaps in current curricula and graduate competencies. Other inputs received through social media were on faculty development needs to implement harmonised curricula and the project in general. CONCLUSION. This was the first attempt to engage curriculum stakeholders using social media for the development of harmonised curricula in Tanzania. The impact of social media in providing relevant inputs for curriculum development was significant. Use of social media, with multiple language options, is an economical and efficient way to reach a large number of stakeholders for curriculum quality improvement.

Abstract This article sheds light on forms of collective action in urban peripheries that are rarely addressed in studies on participation in Brazil: the communication collectives. It proposes a history – and process based interpretation to understand who these actors are and why they criticize the interaction with the State. The research is based on content analysis and on an exhaustive thematic characterization of 14,315 posts on Twitter and Facebook pages of 8 collectives from four Brazilian regions, during the Covid-19 pandemic, collected from the social media platforms' APIs. The findings reveal the actors' perception that peripheries have long operated on the basis of "we for us" and disclose the differential and sometimes violent face of the State's interaction with peripheries.

Resumo Este artigo dá visibilidade a formas de ação coletiva nas periferias urbanas pouco presentes nos estudos sobre participação no Brasil: os coletivos de comunicação. Sugere uma interpretação histórico-processual para compreensão de quem são esses atores e por que são críticos à interação com o Estado. A pesquisa baseia-se na análise de conteúdo e caracterização temática exaustiva de 14.315 postagens nas páginas do Twitter e Facebook de 8 coletivos, de 4 regiões do País, durante a pandemia de covid-19, coletadas da API das plataformas de mídias sociais. Os resultados revelam a percepção dos atores de que as periferias há muito tempo atuam na base do “nóis por nóis” e a face diferenciada e, por vezes, violenta da interação do Estado com as periferias.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o desenvolvimento, a implementação e o uso de painéis para a análise epidemiológica de dados abertos durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Os painéis foram criados para analisar dados públicos relacionados á COVID-19 de várias fontes, incluindo dados oficiais dos governos e de redes sociais, a nível global. Técnicas de processamento e limpeza foram utilizadas para aglutinar os bancos de dados. Calculamos o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre as curvas de sintomas gripais da pesquisa da Universidade de Maryland em conjunto com o Facebook, chamada COVID Trends and Impacts Survey (CTIS), e a curva de casos notificados pelo Ministério da Saúde no Brasil. Resultados: Os painéis obtiveram sucesso em antecipar a chegada de novas ondas de COVID-19 no Brasil. A análise do dado revelou a correlação entre a pesquisa CTIS e o número oficial de casos no país. O artigo destaca o potencial de painéis interativos como uma ferramenta de tomada de decisão no contexto de emergências de saúde pública, como, por exemplo, no uso destes para a comunicação oficial do governo do Rio Grande do Sul. Conclusão: O uso de painéis para prever o avanço da COVID-19 no Brasil foi uma ferramenta útil para a tomada de decisão. A antecipação de ondas da doença possibilita tempo oportuno para que essas decisões sejam potencialmente mais assertivas. Isso esboça a necessidade de mais ações interdisciplinares dessa natureza, com ferramentas de visualização nas pesquisas epidemiológicas.

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the development, implementation, and utilization of dashboards for epidemiological analysis through open data research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The dashboards were designed to analyze COVID-19 related public data from various sources, including official government data and social media, at world level. Data processing and cleaning techniques were used to join datasets. We calculated Spearman correlation coefficient between the COVID-like symptoms data of the University of Maryland and Facebook Health research, called COVID Trends and Impacts Survey (CTIS) and the official data of notified COVID-19 cases by the Brazilian Health Ministry. Results: The dashboards were successful in predicting the onset of new waves of COVID-19 in Brazil. The data analysis revealed a correlation between the CTIS and the official number of cases the country. This article shows the potential of interactive dashboards as a decision-making tool in the context of public health emergencies, as it was used by the official communication of the Rio Grande do Sul state government. Conclusion: The use of dashboards for predicting the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil was a useful tool for decision-making. To anticipate waves of the disease gives time so that these decisions can be potentially more assertive. This drafts the need of more interdisciplinary actions of this nature, with visualization tools on epidemiologic research.

Abstract This article analyzes the publications of women who suffer from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Facebook groups. PCOS is a metabolic syndrome experienced by a vast number of women of childbearing age. Some of its main symptoms are acne, weight gain, and unwanted hair. On the other hand, the treatment focuses on changing the lifestyle associated with diet control and adopting new habits. The analysis of statements and pictures posted by the participants of the groups, which express their before-after transformations, reveals that diagnosis, treatment, and perception of PCOS are currently deeply associated with aesthetic factors. Finally, we discuss how this event is linked to the historically produced binary gender pattern centered on body differences and how it illustrates the emphasis on self-enhancement, especially concerning its expression in body and aesthetic standards.

Resumo Este artigo analisa as publicações de mulheres que sofrem da Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP), em grupos na rede social Facebook. A SOP é uma síndrome metabólica experienciada por um vasto número de mulheres em idade fértil. Entre seus sintomas, destacam-se a acne, o aumento de peso e a presença de pelos indesejáveis. Já o tratamento está concentrado na mudança de estilo de vida associado a um controle da dieta e adoção de novos hábitos. Por meio da análise dos depoimentos e imagens postados pelas participantes dos grupos, que expressam as suas transformações entre o antes e depois, constata-se que, atualmente, o diagnóstico, o tratamento e a percepção da SOP estão profundamente associados a fatores estéticos. Discute-se, por fim, como este fenômeno está atrelado ao padrão de gênero binário, centrado nas diferenças corporais, produzido historicamente, e, também, como ilustra a ênfase no aprimoramento de si, especialmente no que se refere à sua expressão nos padrões corporais e estéticos.

Abstract Focusing on the impact that risk communication issued by public health organizations brings to changing societal behaviors, this research aimed to analyze the key messages that the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined to promote the COVID-19 vaccination program. In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative study methodology was used to analyze the content published on the WHO’s Facebook and Instagram pages from April 1 to August 31, 2021. In total, 62 publications were analyzed. The results showed that the WHO used four key communication messages to promote the importance of vaccination in society: ensuring the credibility and transparency of the information transmitted; certifying the safety and efficacy of the vaccine; appealing to a sense of collective responsibility; and associating the vaccine with the solution to end the pandemic were the chosen communication axes. The conclusions of this study show that, although fair access to the vaccine is still a reality in the making, the fact that almost 70% of the world’s population has been vaccinated suggests that the messages sent by the WHO in the context of risk communication may have contributed to building a positive image of the vaccination program.

Resumo Centrando-se no impacto que a comunicação de risco emitida pelas organizações de saúde pública tem na mudança dos comportamentos da sociedade, esta investigação pretende analisar as mensagens-chave que a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) definiu para promover o programa de vacinação contra a covid-19. Para cumprir este objetivo, enveredou-se por uma metodologia de estudo qualitativa, que privilegiou o uso da análise do conteúdo publicado nas páginas de Facebook e de Instagram da OMS, no período de 1 de abril a 31 de agosto de 2021. No total, foram analisadas 62 publicações. Os resultados mostraram que a OMS utilizou quatro eixo de comunicação para promover a importância da vacinação na sociedade: garantir a credibilidade e a transparência da informação transmitida; certificar a segurança e a eficácia da vacina; apelar ao sentido de responsabilidade coletiva; e associar a vacina à solução para pôr fim à pandemia. As conclusões do estudo mostram que, embora a equidade no acesso à vacina ainda seja uma realidade em construção, os quase 70% da população mundial vacinada sugerem que as mensagens enviadas pela OMS no contexto de comunicação de risco podem ter contribuído para a construção de uma imagem positiva do programa de vacinação.

Governments cannot effectively manage and handle disasters, particularly at the local community level, without actively engaging vulnerable people. The key to achieving sustainability in disaster recovery is community participation and information dissemination. The informal settlements' lack of access to information and public engagement hampered their ability to recovery, thus prompting this study. Therefore, many cities and intervention partnerships faced information and participation gaps in disaster risk reduction (DRR). The study's rationale was to determine the participation and communication of Khayalitjha household heads, regarding DRR information dissemination for sustainable human settlement, using a cross-sectional household survey of 295 household heads from Khayalitjha in situ informal settlement in the Free State provinces of South Africa. The security of dwelling unit tenure concept was an indirect indicator used to measure social resilience. The key findings revealed that community volunteers, ward committee members and most of the respondents, were responsible for initiating the DRR and disaster preparedness planning process. This indicated that local government needs to strengthen the human resource capacity building for DRR management information dissemination at a local level. The church, school, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram were the preferred modes of communication for early warnings of disaster information. CONTRIBUTION: Despite advocating for a multidisciplinary stakeholder approach, urban DRR studies tend to ignore communities in high disaster-risk areas. Employing social resilience, it aims to extend the DRR information dissemination strategy to in situ informal settlements beyond the communication and public participation advocacy strategies of local municipal urban cities.

In Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, the year of 2020 marked a dramatic escalation of military activities of the Islamist insurgent group locally known as Al-Shabab or mashababe. This intensification was accompanied by a more immaterial phenomenon: the rise in prominence of social media, both as battleground and as public forum. While the insurgents sacked and occupied major towns and district headquarters, the Web 2.0 networks - Facebook and WhatsApp especially - became the central arena in which the war was apprehended and discussed. This essay is an exploration of the entwining of social media with the 'new war' in Cabo Delgado, focussing on the events that surround the conquest of the Makonde plateau, mythical cradle of the Mozambican liberation struggle. Building on a budding literature on digital militarism, the essay dwells especially on orality and the use of the voice note as a medium to convey information deemed to be more trustworthy and stable than images. Tracking these media and their interrelations, the essay establishes a narrative, however fragmentary, of the downfall of the Makonde plateau; highlights recurring features of violence in the Cabo Delgado conflict; and provides fresh insight into the formation of the Local Force (Força Local), a State-sponsored militia largely constituted by war veterans.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological challenges and strategies of a web survey on the working conditions and health among delivery workers. METHODS The study population consisted of Brazilian delivery workers operating in the national territory. Procedures include building solid and ongoing collaboration with worker representatives and conducting a four-month data collection from February to May 2022, sharing the link to the online questionnaire on social media such as social networks (Facebook, Instagram) and messaging apps (WhatsApp, Telegram). RESULTS The recruitment of 41 leaders or influencers of delivery workers increased the dissemination of the study, some of whom participated in the consensual validation of the questionnaire; the production of content for social media for the dissemination of the questionnaire link on social networks and applications, and the in-person dissemination of the study at the delivery workers’ meeting points during the workday played a fundamental role, totaling around 132 hours in 45 shifts. The strategies adopted for data collection with a hybrid approach to dissemination made it possible to carry out the web survey. After four months of the web survey, 564 delivery workers, 543 men and 18 women, responded to the online questionnaire. CONCLUSION The web survey presented methodological strategies to overcome the challenge of reaching workers, including hybrid work, to increase the participation of workers, on whom epidemiological research is still scarce.

Abstract Social media have been heavily mobilized by the debate over printed ballots (paper trail). This study examines whether discourse in favor of printed ballots, promoted by a set of Facebook users, can be framed as a populist threat against democracy. For that purpose, it advances a theoretical proposition: populism is a threat to democracy when its discourse opposes popular sovereignty to representative liberal mechanisms. The use of text mining and semantic network methods, addressed in utilities and limits, on a corpus including 29,124 posts produced by 6,277 users revealed the predominance of advocacy for printed ballots in a clearly distinctive set of posts. Their discourse is typically populist, including elements such as we-they antagonism, conspiratorial content, values attributed to “the people” and represented by a “we”. Also it is antidemocratic in its challenge to processes and managing bodies of Brazilian democracy, besides its own political opponents. The paper finally highlights the usefulness of text mining and semantic network resources to analyze situations in which actors employ non-institutional forms of interaction to threaten democracy.

Resumen La discusión sobre el voto impreso produjo una grande movilización en las redes sociales digitales. Esta investigación analiza si el discurso favorable sobre el voto impreso, promovido por un conjunto de usuarios en Facebook, puede ser clasificado como una amenaza populista a la democracia. Se presenta una proposición teórica: el populismo es una amenaza a la democracia cuando su discurso promueve el antagonismo entre la soberanía popular y los mecanismos liberales-representativos. La investigación emplea métodos de minería de texto y de redes semánticas, los cuales aborda en utilidades y límites. El conjunto de datos incluye 29.124 publicaciones producidas por 6.277 usuarios. Se muestra que el discurso favorable, además de dominar en volumen, se distingue en el conjunto de publicaciones. Este discurso es característico del discurso populista, involucrando elementos como el antagonismo nosotros/ellos, teoría conspirativa, valores atribuidos al pueblo y sostenidos por el “nosotros”. Es antidemocrático en la medida en que no antagoniza apenas adversarios políticos, sino también a los órganos gestores y procesos de la democracia brasileña. Una contribución de artículo es señalar la utilidad de los recursos de minería de texto y de redes semánticas cuando los actores emplean formas no institucionales de interacción para amenazar la democracia.

Résumé Le débat sur le vote imprimé a suscité une grande mobilisation sur les réseaux sociaux numériques. Cette recherche examine si le discours favorable au vote imprimé, promu par un ensemble d’utilisateurs sur Facebook, peut être considéré comme une menace populiste pour la démocratie. Une proposition théorique est présentée : le populisme est une menace pour la démocratie lorsque son discours promeut l’antagonisme entre la souveraineté populaire et les mécanismes libéraux-représentatifs. L’enquête utilise des méthodes de minéralogie de texte et de réseaux sémantiques, abordant leurs utilités et leurs limites. Le corpus comprend 29 124 publications, produites par 6 277 utilisateurs. Il apparaît que le discours favorable, en plus de dominer en volume, se distingue dans l’ensemble des publications. Il est caractéristique du discours populiste, portant des éléments tels que l’antagonisme nous/eux, la théorie du complot, les valeurs attribuées au peuple et portées par «nous». Il est antidémocratique dans la mesure où il ne s’oppose pas seulement aux adversaires politiques, mais aussi aux organes de gouvernance et aux processus de la démocratie brésilienne. Une contribution de l’article est d’indiquer l’utilité des ressources de minéralogie de texte et de réseaux sémantiques lorsque les acteurs utilisent des formes d’interaction non institutionnelles pour menacer la démocratie.

Resumo A discussão sobre o voto impresso produziu grande mobilização nas redes sociais digitais. Esta pesquisa investiga se o discurso favorável sobre o voto impresso, promovido por um conjunto de usuários no Facebook, pode ser enquadrado como uma ameaça populista à democracia. Uma proposição teórica é apresentada: o populismo é uma ameaça à democracia quando seu discurso promove o antagonismo entre a soberania popular e os mecanismos liberais-representativos. A investigação emprega métodos de mineração de texto e de redes semânticas, os quais aborda em utilidades e limites. O corpus inclui 29.124 postagens, produzidas por 6.277 usuários. Revela-se que o discurso favorável, além de dominar em volume, distingue-se no conjunto de postagens. Ele é característico do discurso populista, portando elementos como o antagonismo nós/eles, teor conspiratório, valores atribuídos ao povo e portados pelo “nós”. É antidemocrático na medida em que não antagoniza apenas adversários políticos, mas órgãos gestores e processos da democracia brasileira. Uma contribuição do artigo é indicar a utilidade dos recursos de mineração de texto e de redes semânticas quando atores empregam formas não institucionais de interação para ameaçar a democracia.

Resumo Foram analisadas as concepções, valores e experiências de alunos de escolas públicas e privadas de ensino médio de duas capitais brasileiras, Vitória-ES e Campo Grande-MS, quanto ao controle e monitoramento digital entre namorados e a exposição não autorizada de material íntimo no Internet. Os dados de oito grupos focais com 77 adolescentes foram submetidos à análise temática, complementada por um questionário respondido por uma amostra de 530 alunos. A maioria dos alunos afirmou não tolerar o controle/monitoramento e exposição não autorizada de materiais íntimos, mas reconheceu que tal atividade é rotineira. Eles apontam o ciúme, a insegurança e a “curiosidade” como seus principais motivos. Eles detalham as várias dinâmicas de exposição não autorizada de material íntimo e veem isso como uma grave invasão de privacidade e uma quebra de confiança entre parceiros. Seus relatos sugerem que tais práticas são violência de gênero. Revelam também que cada plataforma tem sua apropriação cultural e que plataformas utilizadas pela família, como o Facebook, causam danos mais significativos à reputação da vítima.

Abstract The conceptions, values, and experiences of students from public and private high schools in two Brazilian state capitals, Vitória-ES and Campo Grande-MS, were analyzed regarding digital control and monitoring between intimate partners and the unauthorized exposure of intimate material on the Internet. Data from eight focus groups with 77 adolescents were submitted to thematic analysis, complemented by a questionnaire answered by a sample of 530 students. Most students affirmed that they do not tolerate the control/monitoring and unauthorized exposure of intimate materials but recognized that such activity is routine. They point out jealousy, insecurity, and “curiosity” as their main reasons. They detail the various dynamics of unauthorized exposure of intimate material and see it as a severe invasion of privacy and a breach of trust between partners. Their accounts suggest that such practices are gender violence. They also reveal that each platform has its cultural appropriation and that platforms used by the family, such as Facebook, cause more significant damage to the victim’s reputation.

Resumen La participación de los usuarios de redes sociales en el control político de la gestión pública del presidente de Colombia por decisiones normativas relacionadas con el arribo del COVID-19 ha generado diferentes reacciones emocionales. Esta investigación analiza los sentimientos de los usuarios en Facebook frente a la gestión del presidente de Colombia en tiempos de pandemia. Se extraen 12.474 comentarios del fan page oficial de la presidencia de Colombia, mediante minería de datos. Después, se aplica un modelo de Machine Learning para clasificar los sentimientos subyacentes en el conjunto de datos. Los resultados sugieren que las emociones de los colombianos hacia el presidente de la Republica cambian de manera significativa ante los decretos y/o decisiones públicas establecidas.

Abstract The participation of social media users in the political control of the public management of the President of Colombia due to regulatory decisions related to the arrival of COVID-19 has generated different emotional reactions. This research analyzes the citizens' feelings on Facebook regarding the management of the president of Colombia during pandemic times. 12.474 comments are extracted from the Colombia Presidency's official fan page, through data mining. Then a Machine Learning model is applied to classify the underlying sentiments in the data set. The results suggest that the Colombians' emotions towards the president of the Republic change significantly before the decrees and/or established public decisions.

COVID-19-related alcohol sales bans and stay-at-home orders prompted the alcohol industry in South Africa to increase their online alcohol sales promotions. We investigated changes in alcohol-related behaviour and the drivers of illegal alcohol sales through a self-reported Facebook survey that ran from July to November 2020. Questions included socio-demographics and comparison of alcohol purchasing behaviour and intake during 2019 and 2020. Statistical tests were applied to find associations between illegal alcohol purchasing and alcohol-related behaviours. A total of 792 participants took part in the survey, 69.7% of whom were female. During lockdown periods, most participants (55.3%) bought alcohol illegally from illegal outlets or friends. Online alcohol-delivery marketing increased by 20 percentage points from 2019 to 2020, with participants stating that they saw a lot of advertisements per day and 80% of persons under 25 years were not asked to verify their age in 2020 upon delivery. Home-brewed beer and vodka intake increased in 2020 during the alcohol sales bans. Men from the Western Cape who engaged in daily or weekly heavy episodic drinking were more prone to purchase alcohol illegally. The Western Cape, which is South Africa's most prolific wine-producing region, had the highest odds of people buying alcohol illegally, with wine being found to be the most frequently bought alcohol online and consumed by these participants. There is a need for further research into the differences in alcohol-related behaviour affecting illegal alcohol purchasing according to income group, proximity to alcohol producers and underage alcohol sales and marketing through online applications. SIGNIFICANCE: • Alcohol sales bans have the potential to reduce and stop the alcohol intake of moderate drinkers, but may make heavy episodic drinkers drink more than usual. • During COVID-19 lockdown, illegal alcohol sales were taking place through unlicenced alcohol outlets and friends, and not through licenced online applications. • Unlicenced alcohol outlets need to be addressed to prevent future illegal alcohol sales. • Stricter regulations aimed at legal online alcohol sales applications should be put in place to prevent alcohol sales to minors and those who have already consumed too much alcohol. • There should be a ban on marketing of addictive substances, such as alcohol.

Resumen: Durante la pandemia, el consumo de plataformas de streaming de videojuegos aumentó en contraste con la programación televisiva clásica, lo que impulsó la inversión publicitaria en streamers, principalmente hombres. Sin embargo, la relación entre las streamers mujeres y el patrocinio de marcas comerciales ha sido poco estudiada. A pesar de que generan visitas y seguidores, principalmente masculinos, su relación con las marcas es compleja debido a la autopresentación de género en tiempo real y los sesgos de género en la audiencia masculina. En este artículo, se analizan las percepciones de hombres de 18 a 28 años en Lima Metropolitana sobre el auspicio de marcas en las transmisiones de mujeres streamers en Facebook Gaming. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo y una guía de indagación semiestructurada para identificar formas de sexualización en las interacciones entre la marca y la audiencia masculina, quienes deslegitiman el conocimiento y habilidad de las streamers en los juegos

Abstract: During the pandemic, the consumption of video game streaming platforms increased in contrast to traditional television programming, leading to an upsurge in advertising investment directed towards streamers, primarily male ones. However, the relationship between female streamers and brand sponsorship has been relatively underexplored. Despite generating views and followers, primarily from a male audience, their association with brands is intricate due to real-time gender self-presentation and gender biases within the male viewership. In this article, we delve into the perceptions of men aged 18 to 28 in Lima Metropolitana regarding brand sponsorship in the live streams of female streamers on Facebook Gaming. We adopted a qualitative approach and employed a semi-structured inquiry guide to identify instances of sexualization in the interactions between the brand and the male audience, who undermine the knowledge and skills of the streamers in the games

Resumo: Durante a pandemia, o consumo de plataformas de streaming de videogames aumentou em comparação à programação clássica da televisão, o que impulsionou o investimento publicitário em streamers, principalmente homens. No entanto, a relação entre streamers mulheres e o patrocínio de marcas comerciais foi pouco estudada. Embora gerem visitas e seguidores, principalmente masculinos, sua relação com as marcas é complexa devido às formas de auto apresentação de gênero em tempo real e os vieses de gênero na audiência masculina. Este artigo analisa as percepções de homens de 18 a 28 anos em Lima Metropolitana sobre o patrocínio de marcas nas transmissões de streamers mulheres por meio do Facebook Gaming. Com uma abordagem qualitativa, foi utilizada um roteiro de pesquisa semi-estruturado para identificar formas de sexualização nas interações entre a marca e a audiência masculina, que deslegitimam o conhecimento e habilidade das streamers nos jogos

Resumo Introdução: O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa sobre memes relacionados à área de biblioteconomia no Facebook. Ressalta-se a importância do tema, uma vez que ainda não foi suficientemente estudado a partir das Ciências da Informação, especialmente na área de biblioteconomia. O objetivo da análise é compreender as mensagens, significados e representações que derivam desses memes, e sugere-se que a Iconografia pode ser uma disciplina útil para abordar este fenômeno. Metodologia: Esta pesquisa é descritiva com desenho misto com ênfase em técnicas qualitativas de interpretação de resultados a partir da reflexão de memes bibliotecários para o trabalho bibliotecário. O método utilizado foi a análise iconográfica, que foi utilizada para a descrição e classificação dos memes. Resultados: São expostas as ligações existentes entre o conteúdo e os significados dos memes de biblioteca no Facebook. Conclusões: Os resultados permitem descrever os significados vinculados ao trabalho bibliotecário dos memes bibliotecários no Facebook.

Abstract Introduction: The article presents a research on memes related to the field of library science on Facebook. The importance of the topic is emphasized, as it has not been sufficiently studied from the Information Sciences, especially in the library science field. The aim of the analysis is to understand the messages, meanings, and representations derived from these memes, and it is suggested that Iconography can be a useful discipline to approach this phenomenon. Methodology: This research is a descriptive mixed design with an emphasis on qualitative techniques for interpreting results based on the reflection of library science memes for library work. The method used was iconographic analysis, which was used for the description and classification of memes. Results: The existing links between the content and meanings of library science memes on Facebook are exposed. Conclusions: The results allow describing the meanings related to the library work of library science memes on Facebook.

Resumen Introducción: El artículo presenta una investigación sobre memes relacionados con el campo de la bibliotecología en Facebook. Se destaca la importancia del tema, ya que aún no ha sido suficientemente estudiado desde las ciencias de la información, especialmente en el campo bibliotecológico. El objetivo del análisis es comprender los mensajes, significados y representaciones que se derivan de estos memes, y se sugiere que la iconografía puede ser una disciplina útil para abordar este fenómeno. Metodología: La presente investigación es descriptiva de diseño mixto con énfasis en técnicas cualitativas para la interpretación de resultados basados en el reflejo de los memes bibliotecológicos para el quehacer bibliotecario. El método utilizado para la descripción y clasificación de los memes fue el análisis iconográfico. Resultados: Se exponen los nexos existentes entre el contenido y los significados de los memes bibliotecológicos en Facebook. Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten describir los significados vinculados al quehacer bibliotecario de los memes bibliotecológicos en Facebook.