Abstract Standardized Work (SW) is an approach originated in the manufacturing industry, which aims to standardize and improve the efficiency of operations cycles, based on the Lean Production Philosophy. SW has the potential to support the implementation of Location-Based Planning and Control (LBPC) as it allows balancing the workload between workers or teams, contributing to the synchronization of processes. The aim of this study is to propose a method for implementing SW as an additional element of LBPC. Design Science Research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation and an empirical study was carried out in a real estate company, in which the method for implementing SW was conceived and implemented.The following benefits were identified in the study: increase in the degree of process standardization, improvement in process synchronization, increase in the engagement of the work force with process standards, and improvement in terms of time reliability. The main contribution of this research study has been the adaptation of SW in the construction context as an additional element of LBPC. (SW industry cycles Philosophy LocationBased Location Based LBPC (LBPC teams processes company implementedThe implemented standardization standards reliability

Resumo Trabalho Padronizado (TP) é uma abordagem originária da indústria da manufatura que visa a padronizar e melhorar a eficiência dos ciclos de operações com base na Filosofia da Produção Enxuta. O TP tem o potencial de apoiar a implementação do Planejamento e Controle Baseado em Localização (LBPC), pois permite equilibrar a carga de trabalho entre os trabalhadores ou equipes, contribuindo para a sincronização de processos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método para implementação do TP como um elemento adicional do LBPC. Design Science Research foi a abordagem metodológica utilizada, sendo conduzido um estudo empírico em uma empresa atuante no mercado imobiliário, na qual o método para implementação do TP foi concebido e implementado. Os seguintes benefícios foram identificados no estudo: aumento do grau de padronização das operações, melhoria na sincronização entre processos, aumento do engajamento da mão-de-obra com padrões de processo, e melhoria em termos de confiabilidade em relação a prazos. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa para o avanço do conhecimento foi a adaptação da abordagem do TP ao contexto da construção civil como um elemento adicional do LBPC. (TP Enxuta LBPC, LBPC , (LBPC) equipes processos utilizada imobiliário implementado mãodeobra mão obra processo prazos (LBPC

Resumen Introducción. La contaminación por metales pesados es un problema que ha ido en aumento, debido a las actividades antrópicas. Las plantas pueden eliminar, destruir o transformar contaminantes del suelo, agua y aire. Con el empleo de reguladores del crecimiento vegetal y agentes quelantes se puede reducir la toxicidad por metales pesados. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de una mezcla de oligogalacturónidos sobre la actividad peroxidasa y los contenidos de malondialdehido, proteinas totales y clorofilas, en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Amalia sometidas a altos niveles de metales pesados. Materiales y métodos. Se colectó suelo contaminado con Cu, Cd y el Fe, en la Empresa cerámica blanca Adalberto Vidal de Mayabeque, Cuba en el año 2020. El experimento se desarrolló en bolsas de 7 kg de capacidad y se utilizaron plantas de tomate, en condiciones semi controladas en áreas del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), con un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con siete tratamientos y diez réplicas. Los tratamientos del producto a base de oligogalacturónidos (Ogal) fueron: aplicación al suelo (30 mg kg-1); aspersión foliar (20 mg L-1), la combinación de estas formas de aplicación y un testigo. A los 35 y 56 días de emergidas las plantas, se determinó la actividad peroxidasa y los contenidos de malondialdehido, proteinas totales y clorofilas. Resultados. El efecto que provocan el Cu, Cd y el Fe en las plántulas, fue atenuado por todas las variantes de uso de la mezcla Ogal, por lo que las mismas han desarrollado mecanismos de adaptación ante las altas concentraciones metálicas que le permiten subsistir al estrés abiótico. Conclusiones. La mezcla de Ogal atenuó el efecto que provocan los metales pesados en la actividad peroxidasa, el contenido malondialdehido, proteínas totales y clorofilas en plantas de tomate var. Amalia.

Abstract Introduction. Heavy metal pollution is a growing problem due to human activities. Plants can remove, destroy, or transform contaminants from soil, water, and air. By using plant growth regulators and chelating agents, heavy metal toxicity can be reduced. Objective. To evaluate the effect of applying a mixture of oligogalacturonides on peroxidase activity and the contents of malondialdehyde, total protein, and chlorophylls in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Amalia subjected to high levels of heavy metals. Materials and methods. Soil contaminated with Cu, Cd, and Fe was collected from the Adalberto Vidal White Ceramic Company in Mayabeque, Cuba, in 2020. The experiment was conducted in 7 kg capacity bags using tomato plants, under semi-controlled conditions at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), with a completely randomized experimental design with each treatment having ten replicates. The treatments with the oligogalacturonides (Ogal) were soil application (30 mg kg-1); foliar spray (20 mg L-1), the combination of these application forms, and a control. Peroxidase activity and the contents of malondialdehyde, total protein, and chlorophylls were determined at 35 and 56 days after the plant’s emergence. Results. The effect of Cu, Cd, and Fe on the seedlings was attenuated by all the use of the Ogal mixture variants use, indicating that they have developed adaptation mechanisms to high metal concentrations which allows to withstand abiotic stress. Conclusions. The Ogal mixture attenuated the effect of heavy metals on peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content, total proteins, and chlorophylls in Amalia tomato plants.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza el impacto potencial de los chatbots en el mejoramiento del servicio al cliente en la industria logística, evaluando el rendimiento de diez destacadas empresas en Colombia, Perú y Ecuador (zona CPE). Estas empresas, insertas en el sector de servicios logísticos, desempeñan un papel crucial en la cadena de suministro, ofreciendo servicios especializados que abarcan transporte, almacenamiento y otras áreas dentro de su actividad económica. El estudio, que incluyó a 1250 usuarios individuales tipo B2C (empresa a consumidor) de chatbots, se enfocó en analizar la efectividad de estas herramientas y su repercusión en la conformidad del cliente. Mediante análisis de regresión múltiple, se identificaron elementos fundamentales que inciden en la satisfacción del cliente, como la capacidad de abordar problemas, el conocimiento detallado de la empresa, la autonomía en la resolución de problemas, la precisión gramatical y la reputación general. Los resultados destacan el potencial de los agentes virtuales para mejorar significativamente la atención al consumidor en la logística, señalando su eficacia en la resolución de problemas, familiaridad con productos y servicios, autonomía en la resolución de problemas, corrección gramatical y recomendaciones de usuarios. Estos hallazgos son cruciales para el sector logístico, subrayando el papel transformador de los chatbots en la elevación de la satisfacción del cliente y la eficiencia operativa mediante la integración tecnológica.

Abstract: The article analyzes the potential effectiveness of chatbots on enhancing consumer service in the logistics industry, assessing the performance of ten prominent companies in Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador (CPE region). These companies, situated in the logistics services sector, play a crucial role in the supply chain, offering specialized services encompassing transportation, storage, and other areas within their economic activities. The study, involving 1250 individual B2C (business-to-consumer) users of chatbots, focused on analyzing the effectiveness of these tools and their impact on customer satisfaction. Through multiple regression analysis, key factors influencing customer satisfaction were identified, such as the ability to address issues, detailed knowledge of the company, autonomy in issue resolution, grammatical accuracy, and overall reputation. The results underscore the significant potential of chatbots to enhance customer service in logistics, emphasizing their effectiveness in issue resolution, familiarity with products and services, autonomy in issue resolution, grammatical correctness, and user recommendations. These findings are vital for the logistics sector, highlighting the transformative role of chatbots in elevating customer satisfaction and operational efficiency through technological integration.

Resumen El presente estudio examina la forma en que algunas empresas responden al daño reputacional causado por una crisis. A través del análisis cualitativo de una compañía colombiana de medicina natural enfrentando un evento disruptivo que amenazaba su producto insignia y negocio, el estudio de caso explora la respuesta de la empresa ante sospechas mediáticas de manipulación de un producto fitoterapéutico. Los hallazgos revelan inconsistencias significativas en las respuestas organizacionales de la empresa, así como las repercusiones de dichas inconsistencias en los stakeholders y la industria. Este estudio arroja luz sobre el uso estratégico de respuestas desvinculadas de la realidad en escenarios de crisis para proteger la reputación. Además, destaca que la empresa analizada se apartó de las estrategias establecidas en teoría para la gestión de crisis. La empresa no empleó la estrategia consistente en ‘tomar la iniciativa’ al no revelar proactivamente la crisis. Además, priorizó respuestas instrumentales sobre consideraciones normativas o éticas. El análisis de las desviaciones identificadas de los principios establecidos de gestión de crisis resalta aún más la importancia de los hallazgos de este trabajo y sus implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para el desarrollo de estrategias de comunicación de crisis más efectivas basadas en la búsqueda de la verdad.

Abstract This study examines how businesses respond to reputational damage caused by reputation crises. Drawing on the qualitative analysis of a Colombian natural medicine company facing a disruptive event that threatened its flagship product and business, the case study explores the company’s response to media suspicions of tampering with a phytotherapeutic product. The findings reveal significant inconsistencies in the firm’s organizational responses and their repercussions on stakeholders and the industry. This study sheds light on the strategic use of responses detached from reality in crisis scenarios to protect reputation. In addition, the study highlights that the analyzed company deviated from established crisis management strategies outlined in theory. The company did not implement the ‘steal the thunder’ approach, as it failed to proactively disclose the crisis. Moreover, the company prioritized instrumental responses over normative or ethical considerations. The analysis of the identified deviations from established crisis management principles further emphasizes the importance of the work’s findings and their theoretical and practical implications for developing more effective crisis communication strategies grounded in truth-seeking.

Abstract The article exposes the public policy of closing the border of the Dominican Republic against the Haitian population since 1937, a situation that has been beneficial for global corporations that have increased their profit margins by taking advantage of the context of poverty, violence, and racism experienced by the Haitian population. The case of the textile corporation Compagnie Développement Industriel (CODEVI) is studied, which has placed an industrial site on the Haitian-Dominican border line. Methodologically, an anthropological and geographical study was carried out, consisting of interviews and visits to both workers and company officials, in addition to a documentary review of the economic policy of both countries and the legislation regulating transnational corporations. In this way, the creative political, legal, technical, and territorial devices used to exploit cheap Haitian labor are exposed, evidencing the national and racial segregation imposed by the textile company. It is concluded that this system of labor exploitation generates great economic profits in exchange for a minimal investment that does not contribute significantly to overcome the extreme poverty experienced by workers living in the impoverished Haitian border town of Ouanaminthe.

Resumen En el presente artículo se analiza la política racial de cierre de frontera que desde 1937 se ha instaurado en la zona dominico-haitiana, situación que ha resultado beneficiosa para corporativos globales que han incrementado sus márgenes de ganancia aprovechando el contexto de pobreza, violencia y racismo que vive la población haitiana. Se estudia el caso de la empresa textil Compagnie Développement Industriel (CODEVI), la cual ha desarrollado un sofisticado emplazamiento industrial sobre esta línea fronteriza. Metodológicamente se realiza un trabajo antropológico y geográfico que consistió en entrevistas y visitas tanto a personas trabajadoras como funcionarias de la empresa, además de una revisión documental de la política económica de ambos países y de legislaciones de corporaciones trasnacionales. De este modo, se exponen los ingeniosos dispositivos políticos, legales, técnicos y territoriales utilizados para explotar la mano de obra barata haitiana, evidenciando la segregación nacional y racial que impone la empresa textil. Se concluye que este sistema de explotación laboral obtiene grandes ganancias económicas a cambio de una mínima inversión que no contribuye significativamente a superar la extrema pobreza que viven trabajadores y trabajadoras que residen en la depauperada ciudad fronteriza haitiana de Ouanaminthe.

ABSTRACT This research aims to empirically examine the internal branding processes implemented by a global sports fashion firm to turn all employees into competent brand ambassadors. Brand-oriented training was hypothesized as an antecedent of salesperson brand identification and brand commitment, which drive brand-aligned behavior, the critical trait of employee brand ambassadors. These hypotheses were tested by surveying 141 corporate and retail employees of a global sportswear fashion brand's regional operations in Mexico. The principal conclusion is that brand-oriented training proves a significant driver of salesperson brand identification. Furthermore, brand identification drives brand commitment and brand-aligned behavior among all company employees, not just salespersons.

RESUMEN Esta investigación tiene como objetivo examinar empíricamente los procesos de branding interno, implementados por una importante firma de moda deportiva para convertir a todos los empleados en embajadores de marca competentes. Se planteó la hipótesis de que la capacitación orientada a la marca es un antecedente de la identificación y el compromiso con la marca por parte del vendedor, lo que impulsa un comportamiento alineado con la marca, el rasgo crítico de los empleados embajadores de la marca. Estas hipótesis se probaron encuestando a 141 empleados corporativos y minoristas de las operaciones regionales de una importante marca de moda deportiva en México. La principal conclusión es que la capacitación orientada a la marca proporciona un impulsor significativo de la identificación de la marca por parte de los vendedores. Además, la identificación de la marca impulsa el compromiso con la marca y el comportamiento alineado con la marca entre todos los empleados de la empresa, no sólo entre los vendedores.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to examine the unique features of artisan enterprises in Ecuador and how cooperation programs and national peculiarities have influenced their development. Through descriptive and conceptual analysis, we can better understand how these organizations have evolved within the historical and economic context of rural regions in Ecuador. The primary findings suggest that poverty alleviation and control measures have significantly impacted the definition of artisan enterprises in Ecuador, which now closely resemble micro- enterprises. Development cooperation efforts in Ecuador have prioritized preserving artisanal production rather than replacing it with industrial production, promoting micro-enterprises growth as artisanal workshops.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar las características únicas de las empresas artesanales en Ecuador y cómo los programas de cooperación y las peculiaridades nacionales han influido en su desarrollo. A través del análisis descriptivo y conceptual, podemos comprender mejor cómo han evolucionado estas organizaciones dentro del contexto histórico y económico de las regiones rurales del Ecuador. Los principales hallazgos sugieren que las medidas de control y alivio de la pobreza han impactado significativamente la definición de empresas artesanales en Ecuador, que ahora se parecen mucho a las microempresas. Los esfuerzos de cooperación al desarrollo en Ecuador han priorizado preservar la producción artesanal en lugar de reemplazarla con producción industrial, promoviendo el crecimiento de microempresas como talleres artesanales.

Abstract Corporate crime simultaneously triggers both criminal repression and administrative repression. Both mechanisms converge in stabilizing normative expectations autonomously and differentially. However, the traditional perspective on the relationship between these two subjects has relatively failed to provide a clear differentiation. Therefore, the functionalist-systemic perspective could propose an original alternative approach to this doctrinal impasse. The purpose of this article will then be limited to providing a functionalist distinction between the two legal subsystems as regards the economic sphere. The methodology applied will consist of a rereading of the criminal sanction and the administrative sanction through the functionalism-system that possesses an ability to propose an original alternative way for this doctrinal impasse. This study using insider trading behavior in the stock market as an illustration. It is concluded that two functional distinctions are identifiable between administrative sanction and criminal sanction, the first concerning the nature of the normative expectations that aim to stabilize each and second, the communicative content of each sanction within the framework of symbolically generalized media theory.

Resumen La delincuencia empresarial moviliza simultáneamente la represión penal como la represión administrativa, ambos instrumentos confluyen en la estabilización de las expectativas normativas de manera autónoma y diferenciada, sin embargo, la perspectiva tradicional de la relación entre estas dos materias ha fallado relativamente en ofrecer una clara diferenciación. El objetivo de este artículo se circunscribirá entonces a brindar una distinción funcionalista de ambos subsistemas jurídicos, en lo que concierne al ámbito económico. La metodología aplicada consistirá en una relectura de la sanción penal y la sanción administrativa a través del funcionalismo-sistémico que posee la capacidad de plantear una vía alternativa original para este impase doctrinal. Este estudio tomará como ilustración el comportamiento de insider trading en materia bursátil. Se concluye que dos distinciones funcionales son identificables entre sanción administrativa y sanción penal, la primera concerniente en la naturaleza de las expectativas normativas que tienen como objetivo estabilizar cada una y, en segundo lugar, el contenido comunicativo de cada sanción en el marco de la teoría de los medios de comunicación simbólicamente generalizados.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Even if the term Resilience is reasonably mentioned, not all will have reflected in its concept and the eventual interaction with several parameters involved in Occupational Health. This review intends to summarize very succinctly what is published on this topic, in order to deliverie professionals in Occupational Health and Safety teams with knowledge and strategies that will lead them to perform better. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in May 2023, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content The concept of Resilience can be described as a dynamic process that aims at positive adaptation, in the face of adverse and stressful experiences, which could lead to negative consequences; in other words, it is the emotional flexibility to solve problems and improve adaptation in the face of adversity. It can also be seen as the human capacity to face, overcome and be strengthened by adverse events or the avoidance of negative results due to the resolution of situations far beyond what would be expected. Or as the ability to adapt to unforeseen situations, enhancing the acceptance of undesirable and stressful conditions, which could explain why some individuals deal better with stress. It can be individual or collective. In the latter situation, it can also be defined as the ability of a group, to overcome adversity and transform itself into something more adapted to the circumstances. The institution's Resilience can be defined as the organization's intrinsic ability to adjust to events/changes/disruptions and/or opportunities. The system will show Resilience if it allows individuals to deal with complex situations. Discussion and Conclusions Although Resilience is based on innate characteristics, it can be partially trained/acquired, individually and/or institutionally. The more intense and well-structured this is, the better the employee's and the company's ability to overcome adversity. If the Occupational Health and Safety team has these notions in mind and knows how to develop them, their performance will be enhanced. It would be pertinent to understand the average level of Resilience among Portuguese workers overall and according to specific characteristics (gender, age, profession, employment relationship, qualifications and marital status, for example) and what is the best way to potenciate it.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos Ainda que o termo Resiliência seja razoavelmente mencionado, nem todos terão refletido no seu conceito e eventual interação com diversos parâmetros envolvidos da Saúde Ocupacional. Esta revisão pretende resumir de forma muita sucinta o que está publicado sobre este tema, de modo a capacitar os profissionais das equipas de Saúde e Segurança Laborais com conhecimentos e estratégias que os levarão a ter melhor desempenho. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em maio de 2023, nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo O conceito de Resiliência poderá ser descrito como um processo dinâmico que se dirige à adaptação positiva, face a experiências adversas e stressantes, que poderão levar a consequências negativas; ou seja, é a flexibilidade emocional para resolver problemas e melhorar a adaptação perante a adversidade. Também poderá ser visto como a capacidade humana para enfrentar, vencer e ficar fortalecido com eventos adversos ou ser a evicção de resultados negativos em virtude da resolução de situações muito para além do que seria expetável. Ou então como a capacidade de adaptação a situações imprevistas, potenciando a aceitação de condições indesejáveis e stressantes, o que poderá explicar o porquê de alguns indivíduos lidarem melhor com o stress. Pode ser individual ou coletiva. Nesta última situação, também pode ser definida como a habilidade de outro grupo, em superar a adversidade e se transformar em algo mais adaptado às circunstâncias. Resiliência da instituição pode ser definida como a capacidade intrínseca da organização para se ajustar a eventos/mudanças/perturbações e/ou oportunidades. O sistema apresentará Resiliência se permitir que os indivíduos consigam lidar com situações complexas. Discussão e Conclusões Ainda que esta se baseie em caraterísticas inatas, pode ser parcialmente treinada/adquirida, a título individual e/ou institucional. Quanto mais intensa e bem estruturada esta for, melhor a capacidade do funcionário e da empresa em superar adversidades, com cada vez mais qualidade e facilidade. Se a equipa de Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais tiverem estas noções presentes e as souberem desenvolver, o seu desempenho ficará potenciado. Seria pertinente perceber qual o patamar médio de Resiliência entre os trabalhadores portugueses no global e em função de caraterísticas específicas (sexo, idade, profissão, vínculo laboral, habilitações e estado civil, por exemplo) e qual a melhor forma de o potenciar.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although most individuals recover after acute infection by SARS-CoV-2, others may suffer from persistent symptoms with potential medium and long-term consequences on the performance of activities and participation, with possible implications for their fitness for work. Objective: To analyze the persistence of symptoms twelve months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the perception of the performance level in activities and participation in life situations, of workers in a company of the industrial sector in the Aveiro Region. Methodology: An observational study, developed in an Occupational Health Service of an industrial company in the region of Aveiro, including workers with positive SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR/TRAg test, between October/2020-January/2022. After signaling the infection, the Occupational Health Team applied a questionnaire collecting sociodemographic variables, a list of common symptoms during the acute phase of infection by SARS-COV-2, and the perceived functionality assessed by the Portuguese version of WHODAS 2.0-PT12 (where '12 points' means the most functionality). At twelve months, they filled out another list of persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection and again WHODAS 2.0-PT12. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate linear regression. The analysis was conducted with the software JASP 0.16.3. Results: Eighty-five workers were infected with SARS-CoV-2, with a mean age of 36.1± 9.8years, 77.7% were male, 36.7% had higher education and 17.7% reported at least one chronic condition. At twelve months, thirty workers (35.3%) reported persistent symptoms, with fatigue (27.7%) and arthralgia (14.4%) being the most mentioned. The mean WHODAS 2.0 in the two evaluation moments was 19.2±8.0 vs 15.7±5.0. Significant associations between WHODAS 2.0 items and persistent symptoms of fatigue, headache, cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and previous chronic disease were found. Conclusions: Persistent symptoms twelve months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection have repercussions on workers' self-perception of performance in some activities and participation in life situations. The occupational health team can implement continuous surveillance of the infected worker's health, assess the presence of persistent symptoms of this infection, and implement an individualized rehabilitation program, which minimizes the impact of the persistence of symptoms on their work performance, and in activities and participation in life situations.

RESUMO Introdução: Embora a maioria dos indivíduos recupere após a infeção aguda por SARS-CoV-2, outros podem apresentar sintomas persistentes com potenciais consequências a médio e longo prazo no desempenho de atividades e participação, com eventuais implicações na sua aptidão para o trabalho. Objetivo: Analisar a persistência de sintomas aos doze meses após infeção por SARS-CoV-2 e perceção do nível de desempenho em atividades e participação em situações de vida de trabalhadores do setor industrial numa empresa da Região de Aveiro. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, desenvolvido num Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional de uma empresa industrial da região de Aveiro, incluindo trabalhadores com teste SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR/TRAg positivo, entre outubro/2020-janeiro/2022. Após sinalização da infeção, a Equipa de Saúde Ocupacional aplicou um questionário recolhendo as variáveis sociodemográficas, uma lista de sintomas comuns durante a fase aguda da infeção por SARS-COV-2 e a funcionalidade percebida avaliada pela versão portuguesa da WHODAS 2.0-PT12 (onde '12 pontos' significa a maior funcionalidade). Aos doze meses, preencheram outra lista de sintomas persistentes após a infeção por SARS-CoV-2 e novamente a WHODAS 2.0-PT12. A análise dos dados incluiu estatística descritiva e regressão logística univariada e multivariada. A condução da análise foi realizada com o software JASP 0,16.3. Resultados: Oitenta e cinco trabalhadores encontravam-se infetados com SARS-CoV-2, com idade média de 36,1±9,8anos, 77,7% eram do sexo masculino, 36,7% possuíam escolaridade superior e 17,7% relataram pelo menos uma condição crónica. Aos doze meses, trinta trabalhadores (35,3%) relataram sintomas persistentes, sendo a fadiga (27,7%) e artralgia (14,4%) os mais mencionados. A média da WHODAS 2.0 nos dois momentos de avaliação foi 19,2±8,0 vs 15,7±5,0. Foram encontradas associações significativas entre os itens da WHODAS 2.0 e os sintomas persistentes fadiga, cefaleia, tosse, mialgia, artralgia e doença crónica prévia. Conclusões: Os sintomas persistentes doze meses após a infeção aguda por SARS-CoV-2 têm repercussão na autoperceção do desempenho em algumas atividades e participação em situações de vida dos trabalhadores. A equipa de saúde ocupacional deve realizar a vigilância contínua da saúde do trabalhador infetado, avaliando a presença de sintomas persistentes desta infeção e poderá implementar um programa de intervenção individualizado, que minimize o impacto da persistência dos sintomas no seu desempenho laboral, assim como, em atividades e participação em situações de vida.

El retraso de los procesos de contratación se conforma como una realidad recurrente y poco investigada en la gestión pública. El presente estudio determinó las causas que generan estos retrasos, a partir del análisis del caso Manabí Produce-EP. El enfoque metodológico investigativo fue mixto, de naturaleza descriptiva y explicativa, con una triangulación en la recolección de datos que combinó análisis documental de los contratos de compras públicas del periodo 2022-2023, así como encuestas y entrevistas a los funcionarios de las unidades que intervienen directamente en los procesos de contratación, para detallar las actividades de la etapa preparatoria en los procesos de contratación y comprender la magnitud y causas de los retrasos. Los resultados constituyen un aporte metodológico para el estudio de la contratación pública y evidencian la existencia de retrasos en la mayoría de los contratos, en especial en los que tienen reformas. El análisis de los retrasos refleja múltiples causas relacionadas con el rol de los actores participantes de la contratación, lo que deja claro que la búsqueda de soluciones es un asunto de gobernanza.

Delays in contracting processes are a recurrent and little-researched reality in public management. This study determined the causes that generated these delays based on the analysis of the Manabí Produce-EP case. The research methodological approach was mixed, descriptive, and explanatory, with a triangulation in data collection that combined documentary analysis of public procurement contracts for the period 2022-2023, as well as surveys and interviews with officials of the units directly involved in the procurement processes, to detail the activities of the preparatory stage in the procurement processes and to understand the magnitude and causes of the delays. The results constitute a methodological contribution to the study of public contracting and show the existence of delays in most contracts, especially in those with reforms. The analysis of delays reflects multiple causes related to the role of the actors involved in contracting, which makes it clear that the search for solutions is a matter of governance.

A demora nos processos de contratação é uma realidade recorrente e pouco pesquisada na gestão pública. O presente estudo determinou as causas que geram esses atrasos, com base na análise do caso Manabí Produce-EP. A abordagem metodológica investigativa foi de natureza mista, descritiva e explicativa, com uma triangulação na recolha de dados que combinou análise documental dos contratos públicos do período 2022-2023, bem como inquéritos e entrevistas a responsáveis ​​das unidades diretamente envolvidas. processos de contratação, detalhar as atividades da fase preparatória dos processos de contratação e compreender a magnitude e as causas dos atrasos. Os resultados constituem uma contribuição metodológica para o estudo das compras públicas e mostram a existência de atrasos na maioria dos contratos, especialmente naqueles que possuem reformas. A análise dos atrasos reflecte múltiplas causas relacionadas com o papel dos actores participantes na contratação, o que deixa claro que a procura de soluções é uma questão de governação.

ABSTRACT In the food industry, hygiene is a key condition to ensure food safety. That is why this work aimed to describe the visual, microbiological and bioluminescence methods used by food industries to verify sanitation procedures. The methodology was based on the review of the literature in the databases of Google Scholar, Scielo, Latindex, Dialnet, Redalyc and in food regulatory entities. The results showed that the food industries use the different cleaning and disinfection verification methods, either separately or jointly, to achieve compliance with the standards established by the reference regulations. In conclusion, the method used to verify the sanitation procedure resulted from the size of the company, the nature of the food, the processes applied and a series of factors that define the very identity of the industry, to guarantee quality. and food safety.

RESUMEN En la industria alimentaria, la higiene es una condición clave para asegurar la inocuidad de los alimentos. Es por ello, que este trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir sobre los métodos visual, microbiológico y de bioluminiscencia utilizados por las industrias de alimentos para la verificación de los procedimientos de saneado. La metodología se basó en la revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos de Google Académico, Scielo, Latindex, Dialnet, Redalyc y en entes reguladores de alimentos. Los resultados demostraron que las industrias de alimentos utilizan los diferentes métodos de verificación de limpieza y desinfección, ya sea de manera separada o conjunta para lograr cumplir con los estándares establecidos por las normativas de referencia. En conclusión, el método utilizado para la verificación del procedimiento de saneado dependerá de la envergadura de la empresa, la naturaleza del alimento, los procesos aplicados y de una serie de factores que definen la misma identidad de la industria, a fin de garantizar la calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos.

Resumen Raúl Dorra se propuso estudiar los modos en que la articulación ininterrumpida entre las formas de la percepción hace sentido. Ese estudio se proyectó en un cuantioso número de artículos y en la elaboración de tres tratados de los que dos se publicaron bajo los títulos La retórica como arte de la mirada y La casa y el caracol. El tercer tratado que llevaría el título La escritura: entre lo visible y lo audible no fue publicado en vida de quien fuera el fundador del Programa de Semiótica y Estudios de la Significación. En este trabajo propongo revisar los temas de la empresa que fue el estudio de los materiales sensibles del sentido a partir del tránsito del cuerpo entre la respiración y la enunciación.

Abstract Raúl Dorra had the purpose of studying the ways in which the uninterrupted articulation between the forms of perception makes sense. This study was projected in many articles and in the elaboration of three treaties of which two were published under the titles La retórica como arte de la mirada (Rhetoric as an art of the gaze) y La casa y el caracol (The house and the snail). The third treaty bearing the title La escritura: entre lo visible y lo audible (Writing: between the visible and the audible) was not published in the life of the founder of the Programa de Semiótica y Estudios de la Significación. In this paper I propose to review the themes of the company that was the study of the sensitive materials of sense from the transit of the body between breathing and enunciation.

Résumé Raúl Dorra a entrepris d'étudier la manière dont l'articulation ininterrompue entre les formes de perception fait sens. Cette étude s’est projetée à travers un grand nombre d'articles et de la rédaction de trois traités, dont deux ont été publiés sous les titres La retórica como arte de la mirada (La rhétorique comme art du regard) et La casa y el caracol (La maison et l'escargot). Le troisième traité, intitulé La escritura: entre lo visible y lo audible (L'écriture : entre le visible et l'audible), n'a pas été publié du vivant du fondateur du Programa de Semiótica y Estudios de la Significación. Dans cet article, je me propose de passer en revue les thèmes de cette entreprise qui consistait à étudier les matériaux sensibles du sens à partir du passage du corps entre la respiration et l'énonciation.

Abstract: Vertical roller mills, (VRM), are widely used for grinding raw materials in factories engaged in the extraction and processing of minerals. Any machine used for grinding or crushing consumes around 30 to 40% of the energy of a factory. The loading pressure, table rotation speed, moisture content, outlet temperature and pressure rollers are variables that can be controlled to decrease the specific energy consumption Ecs. This paper poses an optimization problem in order to reduce the energy consumption of a VRM used to produce cement and to find the optimal parameters of the operating variables. Several packages are used to solve the nonlinear programming problem, with very good results in terms of accuracy and speed of convergence, but those provided by the Pyomo package are used because it obtains more accurate results. Comparing the result of the objective function with the energy consumption of a well-known cement company in Ecuador, it is concluded that the optimized parameters are able to reduce by 25% the energy consumption guaranteeing a minimum production of 2200 tons of cement per day, so the model is correctly validated.

Resumen: Los molinos verticales de rodillos (VRM), son máquinas muy utilizadas para moler materia prima en fábricas dedicadas a la extracción y procesamiento de minerales. Cualquier máquina ocupada para moler o triturar consume alrededor del 30 o 40% de la energía de una fábrica. La presión de carga, la velocidad de rotación de la mesa, el contenido de humedad, temperatura de salida del molino y presión de los rodillos son variables que se pueden controlar para disminuir el consumo de energía especifica (Ecs). Este trabajo plantea un problema de optimización con el fin de reducir el consumo energético de un VRM utilizado para producir cemento y encontrar los parámetros óptimos de las variables de operación. Se utilizan varios paquetes para resolver el problema de programación no lineal, obteniendo resultados muy buenos respecto a la precisión y velocidad de convergencia, pero se usan aquellos proporcionados por el paquete Pyomo ya que obtienen resultados más exactos. Comparando el resultado de la función objetivo con el consumo energético de una empresa cementera en Ecuador se concluye que los parámetros optimizados son capaces de reducir en un 25% el consumo energético garantizando una producción mínima de 2200 toneladas de cemento diarias por lo que el modelo se valida correctamente.

Abstract The research presents a compilation of the strategies for the handling and management of mercury (Hg) carried out by Japan as a promoter and manager of the Minamata Convention. This agreement was established to reduce anthropogenic mercury emissions and prevent pollution worldwide. Article 14 of the agreement focuses on cooperation between the governments involved and provides technical assistance. That is why the activities were developed in the training course “Capacity building for the ratification and implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury” carried out in Japan, in which representatives from Ecuador, China, Sudan, Brazil, and Armenia. Ecuador is one of the countries that ratified this agreement in 2013, which is why it is necessary to understand the efforts developed by other countries, with a practical perspective, to know their feasibility and implementation in the long term in the national territory. This study describes the activities implemented in Japan, such as processing contaminated waste in the company Nomura Kohsan Co., Ltd. (Hokkaido), to know high-tech centers such as the National Institute for Minamata Disease (NIMD) and the Ministry of the Environment (MEGJ), and a tour of the environmental restoration project in Minamata Bay. The results demonstrate that the actions and policies adopted in Japan have considerably reduced Hg emissions, maintaining them at stable levels, which ratifies compliance with the different articles outlined in the Minamata Convention. Although efforts have been made in Ecuador to combat illegal mining where Hg and assist in mining districts, it is still among the most polluting countries in the region. Private and government entities must put effort into action plans to mitigate pollution and carry out periodic monitoring of emissions of this metal.

Resumen La investigación presenta una recopilación de las estrategias en el manejo y gestión del mercurio (Hg) que realiza Japón como promotor y gestor del Convenio de Minamata. Este acuerdo fue establecido para reducir las emisiones antropogénicas de mercurio y prevenir su polución a nivel mundial. El artículo 14 del convenio establece la cooperación entre los gobiernos involucrados y la prestación de asistencia técnica. Es por ello que las actividades se desarrollaron en el curso de capacitación “Capacity building for ratification and implementation of Minamata Convention on Mercury”, llevado a cabo en Japón, en el cual participaron representantes de Ecuador, China, Sudán, Brasil y Armenia. Ecuador es uno de los países que ratificó en el 2013 este convenio, por lo cual es necesario comprender los esfuerzos desarrollados por otros países, desde una perspectiva práctica, para poder conocer su factibilidad y ser implementadas a largo plazo en el territorio nacional. Se describen las actividades implementadas, en Japón, como la recolección y procesamiento de residuos contaminados en la empresa Nomura Kohsan Co., Ltd. (Hokkaido), visita a centros de alta tecnología como el Instituto Nacional para la Enfermedad de Minamata (NIMD) y el Ministerio del Ambiente (MEGJ), y recorrido por el proyecto de restauración ambiental en la bahía de Minamata. Los resultados demuestran que las acciones y políticas adoptadas en Japón han reducido considerablemente las emanaciones de Hg llegando a mantenerlas en niveles estables, lo que ratifica el cumplimiento de los distintos artículos expuestos en el Convenio de Minamata. A pesar de que en Ecuador se han hecho esfuerzos para mitigar el uso de Hg, aun así, se encuentra entre los principales países contaminantes de la región. Las entidades privadas y gubernamentales deben esforzarse en planes de acción para mitigar la contaminación y llevar a cabo monitoreos periódicos de las emisiones de este metal.