ABSTRACT The inland waters in the Andes Mountains in the extreme north of Chile are in a zone with a marked arid climate in the called Atacama Desert (23° S, Antofagasta region, Chile) that has sporadic rains mainly in January or February (summer rains/Altiplano winter), many of these water bodies have high mineral contents due high mineral contents, and low species diversity (mainly crustacea and insecta). The present study aims to do a comparative analysis of inland water crustaceans in different kinds of water bodies in the surroundings of San Pedro de Atacama and Salar de Atacama in the north of Chile using co-occurrence null model analysis. The results revealed a scarce species richness and random species associations due to the lack of a structured pattern and many recurring species in the studied sites. Species reported, and species associations agree with literature descriptions. Nevertheless, more ecological studies would be necessary to understand the community patterns in these water bodies.

RESUMEN Los cuerpos de agua en la cordillera de los Andes del extremo norte de Chile están en una zona con un clima árido marcado en el denominado Desierto de Atacama (23° S, Región de Antofagasta, Chile), que tiene lluvias esporádicas en enero o febrero (lluvias estivales/invierno altiplánico), muchos de estos cuerpos de agua tienen alto contenido de minerales y baja riqueza de especies (principalmente crustáceos e insectos). El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar un análisis comparativo de los crustáceos de aguas continentales en diferentes tipos de cuerpos de agua en los alrededores de San Pedro de Atacama y del Salar de Atacama en el norte de Chile usando análisis de modelos nulos de co-ocurrencia de especies. Los resultados revelaron que hay baja riqueza de especies y que las asociaciones de estas son aleatorias, debido a la carencia de un patrón estructurado, por la presencia de muchas especies repetidas en los sitios estudiados. Las especies reportadas y las asociaciones de especies reportadas concuerdan con los antecedentes de la literatura. No obstante, serían necesario más estudios ecológicos para comprender los patrones comunitarios en estos cuerpos de agua.

Abstract A body entirely covered with long and sharp-pointed spines makes Acanthoniscus spiniger Gosse, 1851, one of the rarest and most ornamented terrestrial isopods in the world. The original description of this species was based on a single specimen collected by the British naturalist Philip Henry Gosse in Jamaica in 1845 and deposited in the British Museum (currently The Natural History Museum, London). A second specimen, presumably of this species, was collected by the American entomologist Henry Guernsey Hubbard in 1877 and deposited in the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, which served as the basis for a further description by Richardson (1909). After Gosse and Hubbard specimens, no additional material appears to have reached any museum collection. Due to the scarce available information on this genus, it has been indistinctly placed in at least four different families through history, without a consensus on its definitive placement to date. Herein, we describe a new species of Acanthoniscus Gosse, 1851, based on a population discovered in the Blue Mountains, Jamaica, above 1,200 m elevation and more than 150 km eastward of A. spiniger’s type locality. We also emend the authorship and diagnoses of the genus Acanthoniscus and its type species. Finally, we discuss the possible relationships of Acanthoniscus at the family level, concluding that, despite some putative autapomorphies, it belongs to Armadillidae, as its present-day status.

Abstract Santana et al. (2022) described a new genus and species of fossil crab, Chronocancer camilosantanai, from carbonate concretions of the Romualdo Formation of the Araripe Sedimentary Basin. The journal in which the description appeared was published online only and the new name did not include a ZooBank registration number (LSID), as required for validation of new names in electronic-only publications. The present note serves to validate the name Chronocancer camilosantanai by fulfilling the ICZN conditions for nomenclatural availability. The date and authorship of the specific name, accordingly, are those of this note, not Santana et al. (2022).

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dredging activities on the structure of the macrobenthic community of a port complex in São Luís do Maranhão (2°S, Brazil). Sampling was performed on four occasions: pre-dredging, dredging 1 (25% of the material dredged), dredging 2 (75% of the material dredged) and post-dredging. Total mean density was 430.8 ± 55.0 ind/m², with 147.76 ± 280.82 ind/m² at pre-dredging, 161.90 ± 285.67 ind/m² at dredging 1, 53.83 ± 72.15 ind/m² at dredging 2 and 67.29 ± 72.58 ind/m² after dredging, revealing a reduction during dredging 2. The most representative groups were Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Crustacea and Mollusca. Lumbrineris sp. (Polychaeta) was present in all sampling periods and was the dominant species. Richness and Shannon diversity of the species were higher in the pre-dredging and post-dredging periods, with reductions during the dredging activities (dredging 1 and 2). Principal component analysis revealed a correlation with granulometry and heavy metals in the sediment. The dredging activities led to a reduction in the macrobenthic community. Moreover, post-dredging recovery was insufficient for the recovery of the community.

Abstract Crabs of the Dissodactylus genus are commonly found in symbiosis with other marine invertebrate organisms. This study describes the structure of the population of the Pinnotheridae crab Dissodactylus crinitichelis living in symbiosis with the sand dollar Encope emarginata on a temporal scale and over the size class distribution, sex-ratio, recruitment defined as the specimens of the two first size classes, and breeding period. Specimens were collected in sand bottoms at the infralittoral zone at Flamengo Beach in Ubatuba, in the northeastern coast of São Paulo state, using free diving performed by one diver from August 2017 to July 2018, for 30 minutes per month. 337 juvenile, 51 adult females, and 38 adult males were analyzed, comprising 12 ovigerous females. There was registered recruitment, in almost all months. The sex ratio was 1:1.3, with more females than males in the population. In March, there was a significant recruitment period with 337 juveniles in one sample. The maximum carapace width was 6.6mm in males and 7.65mm in females. The representative number of specimens in the first size class may provide information that D. crinitichelis presents some levels of spatial segregation in the population in this area and should be monitored for preservation.

Resumo Caranguejos do gênero Dissodactylus são frequentemente reconhecidos associados a alguma relação simbionte. O objetivo aqui é apresentar algumas características populacionais do caranguejo pinoterídeo Dissodactylus crinitichelis, em associação à bolacha-da-praia Encope emarginata, em escala temporal, destacando a distribuição em classes de tamanho, proporção sexual, recrutamento e período reprodutivo. Os caranguejos foram amostrados mensalmente, no infralitoral não consolidado, na Praia do Flamengo, Ubatuba, litoral norte paulista, junto às bolachas-da-praia, durante sessões de mergulho livre, mensalmente de agosto/2017 a julho/2018, com esforço amostral de aproximadamente 30 minutos/mês, por um coletor. Foram obtidos 426 caranguejos, dos quais 337 indivíduos jovens e 89 adultos sendo 51 fêmeas e 38 machos, incluindo 12 fêmeas ovígeras. O recrutamento foi registrado em praticamente todo o período amostrado, com pico de frequência em março, com 71 jovens. A proporção sexual verificada foi 1:1.3, desviada para as fêmeas. A maior da largura da carapaça para machos e fêmeas de D. crinitichelis foi de 6,6 e 7,65 mm, respectivamente. O principal caráter da população amostrada foi a presença dominante de jovens, o que sugere a existência de segregação espacial da população amostrada em simbiose à bolacha-da-praia, o que parece estabelecer regiões preferenciais de recrutamento nessa praia, o que torna a região de grande importância para a conservação dessa espécie de caranguejo.

Abstract A new epigean asellid isopod, Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov. is described from Nayarit, northwestern Mexico. This new species has morphological characters belonging to two different types of environments, both depigmentation and anophthalmia, indicators of organisms adapted to live in constant darkness as cavernicolous species. Despite showing characteristics of hypogean species, the new taxon does not show elongation of appendages, such as pereiopods, antennae or uropods. Its pleopod IV exopod lacks false sutures. This is a new pattern type “C”, and differs from that observed in types A and B. The description of this new species brings a new total of 101 species and three subspecies, for the genus Caecidotea in North America all morphologically poorly differentiated and with a restricted distribution.

Abstract The freshwater/brackish amphipod Quadrivisio lutzi inhabits coastal lagoons, highly unstable environments subject to sudden inflow of marine water. Our aim was to evaluate how the genetic composition varies in these populations. Brazilian populations were compared by 16S rRNA and COI gene sequences. The genetic structure of four Rio de Janeiro amphipod populations was evaluated during the period of 2011-2019 by COI. Rio de Janeiro population was compared with Alagoas and São Paulo populations, which was genetically distinct, at species level (16S, d > 7%; COI, d >14%). The genetic structure in Rio de Janeiro showed the Imboassica subpopulation as the most divergent (Imboassica & Carapebus, F ST = 0.238), followed by Lagamar population (Lagamar & Carapebus, F ST = 0.049). The geographic distance and urbanization around these lagoons explain the degree of genetic isolation of these amphipod subpopulations. Paulista and Carapebus populations were not structured. Temporal variation in haplotype number and frequency were evident in both populations that were evaluated (Carapebus and Imboassica). Changes in salinity and water volume variation at these lagoons may be responsible for the observed changes in genetic composition, which may be the results of genetic drift effects over temporally fluctuating size subpopulations, without loss of genetic diversity.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the commercial herbicides Karmex® (diuron: DCMU 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and Herbipol® (glyphosate: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) on the megalopae of Callinectes sapidus and measure their relative abundance in the association of larval and postlarval species of crustaceans from the estuary of the Jamapa River, Veracruz. Collections were made overnight using white light traps. Likewise, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, and salinity were measured in situ. It was found that the association of larvae and postlarvae consisted of Macrobrachium acanthurus, M. olfersii, Potimirim mexicana, megalopae of C. sapidus and Armases ricordi, and zoeas of Brachyura. In total, 559 and 1057 C. sapidus megalopae were collected in November and March 2019, respectively. Dissolved oxygen was 6 and 7 mg L−1, pH was 7 and 8, the temperature was 26 and 27°C, total dissolved solids were 700 and 1500 ppm, and salinity was 0.70 and 16 in November and March, respectively. Using Probit analysis, a 96 h LC50 of diuron (Karmex®) was 7.69 ± 1.07 mg L−1 in March and 6.64 ± 0.93 mg L−1 in November. The LC50 for glyphosate (Herbipol®) was 247.83 ± 34.54 mg L−1 in March and 288.18 ± 38.66 3 mg L−1 in November. The blue crab C. sapidus is tolerant to a wide range of physicochemical factors; however, it is sensitive in the postlarval stages, like other species of crustaceans, to the herbicides diuron and glyphosate, for which the megalopae can be used in ecotoxicological studies.

ABSTRACT The first record of the epibiont cirripedium of sea turtles, Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758), is described for northern Chile (the second record for the species in the country), extending the distribution of this species by almost 10 latitudinal degrees (about 1020 km), and filling a gap in its geographic range in the southeastern Pacific.

RESUMEN Se describe el primer registro del cirripedio epibionte de tortugas marinas, Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758), para el norte de Chile (el segundo registro para la especie en el país), extendiendo la distribución de esta especie en casi 10 grados latitudinales (alrededor de 1020 km), y llenando un vacío en su rango geográfico en el Pacífico suroriental.

RESUMEN Los trópicos albergan la mayor biodiversidad del planeta, pero todavía son zonas inexploradas. Entre estas áreas remotas se encuentran los Tepuyes del Valle de Nangaritza, en la provincia de Zamora Chin-chipe, al sureste de Ecuador. Constituyen sistemas montañosos aislados de gran importancia biológica y con altos niveles de endemicidad. Debido a estas características, el objetivo principal del estudio es elaborar el primer catálogo de líquenes epifitos de varios Tepuyes del Valle de Nangaritza. Como resultado de dos expediciones realizadas en los Tepuyes, entre 900 y 2000 m de altitud, se recolectaron aproximadamente 1.000 muestras de líquenes en diferentes hábitats: bosque denso piemontano, bosque denso montano bajo, bosque chaparro y páramo arbustivo atípico. Se identificaron 174 especies, pertenecientes a 57 géneros y 26 familias. De ellas, trece especies son nuevos registros para Sudamé-rica, 64 para Ecuador y 132 para la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe. Se encontraron nuevos quimiótipos para especies de la familia Cladoniaceae. La forma de crecimiento crustácea fue dominante, con alrededor del 40 % de la riqueza total, siendo Graphidaceae la familia con mayor riqueza (27 especies). Predominaron las especies de líquenes con alga verde como fotobionte, presentando Trenthepholia un gran número de especies (66 especies). Este catálogo es una primera aproximación al conocimiento de la diversidad de líquenes de los Tepuyes del Valle de Nangaritza, donde el alto número de nuevos registros indican la falta de conocimiento de la diversidad asociada a estos bosques tropicales.

ABSTRACT Tropics harbour the greatest biodiversity in the planet but are still largely unknown. Among these remote areas, there are the Tepuyes of Nangaritza Valley, in the Zamora Chinchipe province, southeastern Ecuador. They constitute isolated mountainous systems with great biological importance and high levels of endemicity. Therefore, the main objective of this study was the elaboration of the first catalogue of epiphytic lichens from several Tepuyes in the Nangaritza Valley. Two expeditions were carried out in two Tepuyes, between 900 and 2000 m of altitude, approximately 1,000 samples of lichens where collected at different habitats: piemontane wet forest, lower montane wet forest, dwarf forest, and paramillo. We identified 174 lichen species, belonging to 57 genera and 26 families. We found thirteen new records for South America, 64 for Ecuador, and 132 for the Zamora Chinchipe province. New chemotypes for species belonging to the Cladoniaceae family were found. Lichens with a crustose growth-form were the most abundant with around 40 % of the total richness, being Graphidaceae the richest family (27 species). Lichen species with green algae as photobiont were dominant, and especially those with Trenthepholia (66 species). This catalogue is a first approximation to the knowledge of the diversity of lichens from the Tepuyes of the Nangaritza Valley, and the high number of new records indicates a lack of knowledge of the biodiversity from these tropical forests.

Abstract We describe Kupellonura tamago sp. nov., collected from the North Pacific off the southern coast of the Boso Peninsula, Japan, at a depth of 445-407 m. This is the first record of Hyssuridae not only for Japan but also for the Temperate Northern Pacific ecoregion. Female K. tamago closely resembles Kupellonura gidgee Poore and Lew Ton, 1988 and Kupellonura indonesica Annisaqois and Wägele, 2021 in the shape of the uropodal exopod but differs from them in having a broader uropodal exopod (length/width ratio 1.47), a broader uropodal endopod (length/width ratio 1.64), and the telson margins smooth. We transfer Kupellonura flexibilis (Pasternak, 1982), originally described in Ananthura Barnard, 1925 but provisionally transferred to Kupellonura Barnard, 1925, to Anthelura Norman and Stebbing, 1886 in Antheluridae, as Anthelura flexibilis (Pasternak, 1982) comb. nov.

Abstract A new species of the freshwater crab genus Ghatiana Pati and Sharma, 2014, is recognized herein from the Karnataka State, India. Ghatiana dvivarna sp. nov. usually inhabits holes in the laterite rocks on the elevated mountains of the Central Western Ghats (south of Goa-Nilgiris). The predominantly white color in life and the characteristic smaller eyes relative to the orbits of the new species easily distinguish it from congeners. Ghatiana dvivarna sp. nov. most resembles Ghatiana pulchra Pati and Thackeray, 2018, but can be differentiated mainly by its relatively more slender terminal segment of the male first gonopod. Ghatiana currently comprises 11 species, now including Ghatiana dvivarna sp. nov.

Abstract We evaluated the worldwide trends in studies of the active and dormant forms of microcrustaceans in rice fields, and the potential of this environment as a stock of diversity through a scientometric analysis. Web of Science and Scopus databases were used to compile the 77 studies published before 2019. Publications were distributed over 35 years, with a positive correlation between the number of studies and the year of publication (rho = 0.34). The identified studies were from 18 countries, and 58.4% were conducted in Japan, Italy, the United States, and Spain. Most studies addressed more than two groups of microcrustaceans (37.6%), followed by those focused on Cladocera (27.2%) and Ostracoda (18.1%). We quantified 301 species from six groups of microcrustaceans, the majority of which were Cladocera (41.5%) and Ostracoda (39.8%). The greatest richness of microcrustaceans identified in studies were found in Italy, Thailand, Malaysia, Spain, France, Japan, and Brazil. Of the studies, 87% were centered on the active forms of microcrustaceans rather than dormant forms. We found that 15.5% of the countries that grow rice have identified the richness of microcrustaceans, and even though they are artificial environments, rice fields have high potential to store a high diversity of microcrustaceans.

Abstract A new genus and two new species of fossil hermit crabs (Anomura, Paguroidea) are described from the southern Pyrenean basins (Huesca, NE Spain). Parapetrochirus nov. with P. robustus n. gen., n. sp., as type species, comes from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) Roda Formation. It preserves both chelipeds exhibiting a notable heterochely, a larger left cheliped and a concavity without granulation in the inner upper portions. Eocalcinus gerardbretoni n. sp. comes from the highest levels of the Arguis Formation (Priabonian) in Yeste locality. This species is characterized by a hemispherical outline and a sinuous lower margin of the chela, which differs from the type species of the genus. The cheliped morphology of such species allows inclusion in the families Diogenidae and Calcinidae, respectively. Fossil paguroids are relatively rare in the Eocene of Spain, therefore, the description of these two new taxa increases the known diversity of this group. Parapetrochirus robustus n. gen., n. sp. inhabited siliciclastic substrates within a prodelta environment and E. gerardbretoni n. sp. was collected from the last levels of coral rudstones just below the continental influence of Yeste-Arrés Formation.

Resumen En este trabajo se describe un nuevo género y dos nuevas especies de cangrejos ermitaños fósiles (Anomura, Paguroidea) correspondientes a las cuencas del sur de los Pirineos en la Huesca, noreste de España. Parapetrochirus nov., con P. robustus n. gen., n. sp. como especie tipo procede del Eoceno inferior (Ypresiano) de la Formación Roda. Este fósil preserva ambos quelípedos con una notable heteroquelia, un quelípedo izquierdo más grande y una superficie cóncava sin granulaciones en las porciones superiores internas. Eocalcinus gerardbretoni n. sp., procede de los niveles más altos de la Formación Arguis (Priaboniano) en la localidad de Yeste. Éste se caracteriza por su forma hemisférica y un margen inferior sinuoso de la quela, lo cual difiere de la especie tipo del género. La morfología del quelípedo de estas especies permite su inclusión en las familias Diogenidae y Calcinidae, respectivamente. Los paguroideos fósiles son relativamente raros en el Eoceno de España, por tanto, la descripción de estos dos nuevos taxones fósiles incrementa la diversidad conocida del grupo. Parapetrochirus robustus n. gen., n. sp. habitaba en los sustratos siliciclásticos de ambiente prodelta y E. gerardbretoni n. sp. fue recolectado en los últimos niveles de los rudstones coralinos, justo debajo de la influencia continental de la Formación Yeste-Arrés.

Abstract The new species, Pseudonecrocarcinus eichhorni (Paranecrocarcinidae Fraaije, Van Bakel, Jagt and Artal, 2008) from the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) of Montana is herein described. This new species represents the second report for the genus from the Late Cretaceous of USA.

Resumen La especie nueva Pseudonecrocarcinus eichhorni (Paranecrocarcinidae Fraaije, Van Bakel, Jagt and Artal, 2008) del Cretácico Tardío (Coniaciano) de Montana es descrita aquí. Ésta nueva especie representa el segundo reporte para el género, del Cretácico Tardío de los EUA.